eventespresso / event-espresso-core

caffeinated/admin/extend/messages/espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend.class.php

Doc Comments +1 added lines, -1 removed lines

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
      *
      * @param  EE_Event $event EE event object
      * @param  array    $data  The request data from the form
-     * @return bool success or fail
+     * @return integer success or fail
      * @throws EE_Error
      */
     public function attach_evt_message_templates($event, $data)

Indentation +267 added lines, -267 removed lines

@@ -14,276 +14,276 @@
  */
 class espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend extends espresso_events_Messages_Hooks
 {
-    /**
-     * espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend constructor.
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Admin_Page $admin_page
-     */
-    public function __construct(EE_Admin_Page $admin_page)
-    {
-        /**
-         * Add cap restriction ... metaboxes should not show if user does not have the ability to edit_custom_messages
-         */
-        if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
-            'ee_edit_messages',
-            'messages_events_editor_metabox'
-        )) {
-            return;
-        }
-        add_filter(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___insert_update_cpt_item__event_update_callbacks',
-            array($this, 'caf_updates'),
-            10
-        );
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__after',
-            array($this, 'duplicate_custom_message_settings'),
-            10,
-            2
-        );
-        parent::__construct($admin_page);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * extending the properties set in espresso_events_Messages_Hooks
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _extend_properties()
-    {
-        define('EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'messages/assets/');
-        $this->_ajax_func = array(
-            'ee_msgs_create_new_custom' => 'create_new_custom',
-        );
-        $this->_metaboxes = array(
-            0 => array(
-                'page_route' => array('edit', 'create_new'),
-                'func'       => 'messages_metabox',
-                'label'      => esc_html__('Notifications', 'event_espresso'),
-                'priority'   => 'high',
-            ),
-        );
-
-        //see explanation for layout in EE_Admin_Hooks
-        $this->_scripts_styles = array(
-            'registers' => array(
-                'events_msg_admin'     => array(
-                    'url'     => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL . 'events_messages_admin.js',
-                    'depends' => array('ee-dialog', 'ee-parse-uri', 'ee-serialize-full-array'),
-                ),
-                'events_msg_admin_css' => array(
-                    'url'  => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL . 'ee_msg_events_admin.css',
-                    'type' => 'css',
-                ),
-            ),
-            'enqueues'  => array(
-                'events_msg_admin'     => array('edit', 'create_new'),
-                'events_msg_admin_css' => array('edit', 'create_new'),
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    public function caf_updates($update_callbacks)
-    {
-        $update_callbacks[] = array($this, 'attach_evt_message_templates');
-        return $update_callbacks;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles attaching Message Templates to the Event on save.
-     *
-     * @param  EE_Event $event EE event object
-     * @param  array    $data  The request data from the form
-     * @return bool success or fail
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function attach_evt_message_templates($event, $data)
-    {
-        //first we remove all existing relations on the Event for message types.
-        $event->_remove_relations('Message_Template_Group');
-        //now let's just loop through the selected templates and add relations!
-        if (isset($data['event_message_templates_relation'])) {
-            foreach ($data['event_message_templates_relation'] as $grp_ID) {
-                $event->_add_relation_to($grp_ID, 'Message_Template_Group');
-            }
-        }
-        //now save
-        return $event->save();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $event
-     * @param $callback_args
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function messages_metabox($event, $callback_args)
-    {
-        //let's get the active messengers (b/c messenger objects have the active message templates)
-        //convert 'evt_id' to 'EVT_ID'
-        $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] : null;
-        $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] = isset($this->_req_data['post']) && empty($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['post']
-            : $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'];
-
-        $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] = empty($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) && isset($this->_req_data['evt_id'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['evt_id']
-            : $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'];
-        /** @type EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager */
-        $message_resource_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Message_Resource_Manager');
-        $active_messengers        = $message_resource_manager->active_messengers();
-        $tabs                     = array();
-
-        //empty messengers?
-        //Note message types will always have at least one available because every messenger has a default message type
-        // associated with it (payment) if no other message types are selected.
-        if (empty($active_messengers)) {
-            $msg_activate_url = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-                array('action' => 'settings'),
-                EE_MSG_ADMIN_URL
-            );
-            $error_msg        = sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'There are no active messengers. So no notifications will go out for %1$sany%2$s events.  You will want to %3$sActivate a Messenger%4$s.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                '<strong>',
-                '</strong>',
-                '<a href="' . $msg_activate_url . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            );
-            $error_content    = '<div class="error"><p>' . $error_msg . '</p></div>';
-            $internal_content = '<div id="messages-error"><p>' . $error_msg . '</p></div>';
-
-            echo $error_content;
-            echo $internal_content;
-            return '';
-        }
-
-        $event_id = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] : null;
-        //get content for active messengers
-        foreach ($active_messengers as $name => $messenger) {
-            //first check if there are any active message types for this messenger.
-            $active_mts = $message_resource_manager->get_active_message_types_for_messenger($name);
-            if (empty($active_mts)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $tab_content = $messenger->get_messenger_admin_page_content(
-                'events',
-                'edit',
-                array('event' => $event_id)
-            );
-
-            if (! empty($tab_content)) {
-                $tabs[$name] = $tab_content;
-            }
-        }
-
-
-        //we want this to be tabbed content so let's use the EEH_Tabbed_Content::display helper.
-        $tabbed_content = EEH_Tabbed_Content::display($tabs);
-        if ($tabbed_content instanceof WP_Error) {
-            $tabbed_content = $tabbed_content->get_error_message();
-        }
-
-        $notices = '
+	/**
+	 * espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Admin_Page $admin_page
+	 */
+	public function __construct(EE_Admin_Page $admin_page)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Add cap restriction ... metaboxes should not show if user does not have the ability to edit_custom_messages
+		 */
+		if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
+			'ee_edit_messages',
+			'messages_events_editor_metabox'
+		)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		add_filter(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___insert_update_cpt_item__event_update_callbacks',
+			array($this, 'caf_updates'),
+			10
+		);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__after',
+			array($this, 'duplicate_custom_message_settings'),
+			10,
+			2
+		);
+		parent::__construct($admin_page);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * extending the properties set in espresso_events_Messages_Hooks
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _extend_properties()
+	{
+		define('EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'messages/assets/');
+		$this->_ajax_func = array(
+			'ee_msgs_create_new_custom' => 'create_new_custom',
+		);
+		$this->_metaboxes = array(
+			0 => array(
+				'page_route' => array('edit', 'create_new'),
+				'func'       => 'messages_metabox',
+				'label'      => esc_html__('Notifications', 'event_espresso'),
+				'priority'   => 'high',
+			),
+		);
+
+		//see explanation for layout in EE_Admin_Hooks
+		$this->_scripts_styles = array(
+			'registers' => array(
+				'events_msg_admin'     => array(
+					'url'     => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL . 'events_messages_admin.js',
+					'depends' => array('ee-dialog', 'ee-parse-uri', 'ee-serialize-full-array'),
+				),
+				'events_msg_admin_css' => array(
+					'url'  => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL . 'ee_msg_events_admin.css',
+					'type' => 'css',
+				),
+			),
+			'enqueues'  => array(
+				'events_msg_admin'     => array('edit', 'create_new'),
+				'events_msg_admin_css' => array('edit', 'create_new'),
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	public function caf_updates($update_callbacks)
+	{
+		$update_callbacks[] = array($this, 'attach_evt_message_templates');
+		return $update_callbacks;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles attaching Message Templates to the Event on save.
+	 *
+	 * @param  EE_Event $event EE event object
+	 * @param  array    $data  The request data from the form
+	 * @return bool success or fail
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function attach_evt_message_templates($event, $data)
+	{
+		//first we remove all existing relations on the Event for message types.
+		$event->_remove_relations('Message_Template_Group');
+		//now let's just loop through the selected templates and add relations!
+		if (isset($data['event_message_templates_relation'])) {
+			foreach ($data['event_message_templates_relation'] as $grp_ID) {
+				$event->_add_relation_to($grp_ID, 'Message_Template_Group');
+			}
+		}
+		//now save
+		return $event->save();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $event
+	 * @param $callback_args
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function messages_metabox($event, $callback_args)
+	{
+		//let's get the active messengers (b/c messenger objects have the active message templates)
+		//convert 'evt_id' to 'EVT_ID'
+		$this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] : null;
+		$this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] = isset($this->_req_data['post']) && empty($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])
+			? $this->_req_data['post']
+			: $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'];
+
+		$this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] = empty($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) && isset($this->_req_data['evt_id'])
+			? $this->_req_data['evt_id']
+			: $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'];
+		/** @type EE_Message_Resource_Manager $message_resource_manager */
+		$message_resource_manager = EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib('Message_Resource_Manager');
+		$active_messengers        = $message_resource_manager->active_messengers();
+		$tabs                     = array();
+
+		//empty messengers?
+		//Note message types will always have at least one available because every messenger has a default message type
+		// associated with it (payment) if no other message types are selected.
+		if (empty($active_messengers)) {
+			$msg_activate_url = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+				array('action' => 'settings'),
+				EE_MSG_ADMIN_URL
+			);
+			$error_msg        = sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'There are no active messengers. So no notifications will go out for %1$sany%2$s events.  You will want to %3$sActivate a Messenger%4$s.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				'<strong>',
+				'</strong>',
+				'<a href="' . $msg_activate_url . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			);
+			$error_content    = '<div class="error"><p>' . $error_msg . '</p></div>';
+			$internal_content = '<div id="messages-error"><p>' . $error_msg . '</p></div>';
+
+			echo $error_content;
+			echo $internal_content;
+			return '';
+		}
+
+		$event_id = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'] : null;
+		//get content for active messengers
+		foreach ($active_messengers as $name => $messenger) {
+			//first check if there are any active message types for this messenger.
+			$active_mts = $message_resource_manager->get_active_message_types_for_messenger($name);
+			if (empty($active_mts)) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$tab_content = $messenger->get_messenger_admin_page_content(
+				'events',
+				'edit',
+				array('event' => $event_id)
+			);
+
+			if (! empty($tab_content)) {
+				$tabs[$name] = $tab_content;
+			}
+		}
+
+
+		//we want this to be tabbed content so let's use the EEH_Tabbed_Content::display helper.
+		$tabbed_content = EEH_Tabbed_Content::display($tabs);
+		if ($tabbed_content instanceof WP_Error) {
+			$tabbed_content = $tabbed_content->get_error_message();
+		}
+
+		$notices = '
 	<div id="espresso-ajax-loading" class="ajax-loader-grey">
 		<span class="ee-spinner ee-spin"></span><span class="hidden">'
-        . esc_html__('loading...', 'event_espresso')
-        . '</span>
+		. esc_html__('loading...', 'event_espresso')
+		. '</span>
 	</div>
 	<div class="ee-notices"></div>';
 
-        if (defined('DOING_AJAX')) {
-            return $tabbed_content;
-        }
-
-        do_action('AHEE__espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend__messages_metabox__before_content');
-        echo $notices . '<div class="messages-tabs-content">' . $tabbed_content . '</div>';
-        do_action('AHEE__espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend__messages_metabox__after_content');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ajax callback for ee_msgs_create_new_custom ajax request.
-     * Takes incoming GRP_ID and name and description values from ajax request
-     * to create a new custom template based off of the incoming GRP_ID.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string either an html string will be returned or a success message
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function create_new_custom()
-    {
-        if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_edit_messages', 'create_new_custom_ajax')) {
-            wp_die(__('You don\'t have privileges to do this action', 'event_espresso'));
-        }
-
-        //let's clean up the _POST global a bit for downstream usage of name and description.
-        $_POST['templateName']        = ! empty($this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_name'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_name']
-            : '';
-        $_POST['templateDescription'] = ! empty($this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_description'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_description']
-            : '';
-
-
-        // set EE_Admin_Page object (see method details in EE_Admin_Hooks parent
-        $this->_set_page_object();
-
-        // is this a template switch if so EE_Admin_Page child needs this object
-        $this->_page_object->set_hook_object($this);
-
-        $this->_page_object->add_message_template(
-            $this->_req_data['messageType'],
-            $this->_req_data['messenger'],
-            $this->_req_data['group_ID']
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    public function create_new_admin_footer()
-    {
-        $this->edit_admin_footer();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the dynamic method for this class
-     * that will end up hooking into the 'admin_footer' hook on the 'edit_event' route in the events page.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function edit_admin_footer()
-    {
-        EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'messages/templates/create_custom_template_form.template.php'
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__after hook used to ensure new events duplicate
-     * the assigned custom message templates.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Event $new_event
-     * @param EE_Event $original_event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function duplicate_custom_message_settings(EE_Event $new_event, EE_Event $original_event)
-    {
-        $message_template_groups = $original_event->get_many_related('Message_Template_Group');
-        foreach ($message_template_groups as $message_template_group) {
-            $new_event->_add_relation_to($message_template_group, 'Message_Template_Group');
-        }
-        //save new event
-        $new_event->save();
-    }
+		if (defined('DOING_AJAX')) {
+			return $tabbed_content;
+		}
+
+		do_action('AHEE__espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend__messages_metabox__before_content');
+		echo $notices . '<div class="messages-tabs-content">' . $tabbed_content . '</div>';
+		do_action('AHEE__espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend__messages_metabox__after_content');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ajax callback for ee_msgs_create_new_custom ajax request.
+	 * Takes incoming GRP_ID and name and description values from ajax request
+	 * to create a new custom template based off of the incoming GRP_ID.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string either an html string will be returned or a success message
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function create_new_custom()
+	{
+		if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_edit_messages', 'create_new_custom_ajax')) {
+			wp_die(__('You don\'t have privileges to do this action', 'event_espresso'));
+		}
+
+		//let's clean up the _POST global a bit for downstream usage of name and description.
+		$_POST['templateName']        = ! empty($this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_name'])
+			? $this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_name']
+			: '';
+		$_POST['templateDescription'] = ! empty($this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_description'])
+			? $this->_req_data['custom_template_args']['MTP_description']
+			: '';
+
+
+		// set EE_Admin_Page object (see method details in EE_Admin_Hooks parent
+		$this->_set_page_object();
+
+		// is this a template switch if so EE_Admin_Page child needs this object
+		$this->_page_object->set_hook_object($this);
+
+		$this->_page_object->add_message_template(
+			$this->_req_data['messageType'],
+			$this->_req_data['messenger'],
+			$this->_req_data['group_ID']
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	public function create_new_admin_footer()
+	{
+		$this->edit_admin_footer();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the dynamic method for this class
+	 * that will end up hooking into the 'admin_footer' hook on the 'edit_event' route in the events page.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public function edit_admin_footer()
+	{
+		EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'messages/templates/create_custom_template_form.template.php'
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__after hook used to ensure new events duplicate
+	 * the assigned custom message templates.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Event $new_event
+	 * @param EE_Event $original_event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function duplicate_custom_message_settings(EE_Event $new_event, EE_Event $original_event)
+	{
+		$message_template_groups = $original_event->get_many_related('Message_Template_Group');
+		foreach ($message_template_groups as $message_template_group) {
+			$new_event->_add_relation_to($message_template_group, 'Message_Template_Group');
+		}
+		//save new event
+		$new_event->save();
+	}
 }

Spacing +12 added lines, -12 removed lines

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ 
         /**
          * Add cap restriction ... metaboxes should not show if user does not have the ability to edit_custom_messages
          */
-        if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
+        if ( ! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
             'ee_edit_messages',
             'messages_events_editor_metabox'
         )) {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function _extend_properties()
     {
-        define('EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'messages/assets/');
+        define('EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL.'messages/assets/');
         $this->_ajax_func = array(
             'ee_msgs_create_new_custom' => 'create_new_custom',
         );
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ 
         $this->_scripts_styles = array(
             'registers' => array(
                 'events_msg_admin'     => array(
-                    'url'     => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL . 'events_messages_admin.js',
+                    'url'     => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL.'events_messages_admin.js',
                     'depends' => array('ee-dialog', 'ee-parse-uri', 'ee-serialize-full-array'),
                 ),
                 'events_msg_admin_css' => array(
-                    'url'  => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL . 'ee_msg_events_admin.css',
+                    'url'  => EE_MSGS_EXTEND_ASSETS_URL.'ee_msg_events_admin.css',
                     'type' => 'css',
                 ),
             ),
@@ -147,18 +147,18 @@ 
                 array('action' => 'settings'),
                 EE_MSG_ADMIN_URL
             );
-            $error_msg        = sprintf(
+            $error_msg = sprintf(
                 esc_html__(
                     'There are no active messengers. So no notifications will go out for %1$sany%2$s events.  You will want to %3$sActivate a Messenger%4$s.',
                     'event_espresso'
                 ),
                 '<strong>',
                 '</strong>',
-                '<a href="' . $msg_activate_url . '">',
+                '<a href="'.$msg_activate_url.'">',
                 '</a>'
             );
-            $error_content    = '<div class="error"><p>' . $error_msg . '</p></div>';
-            $internal_content = '<div id="messages-error"><p>' . $error_msg . '</p></div>';
+            $error_content    = '<div class="error"><p>'.$error_msg.'</p></div>';
+            $internal_content = '<div id="messages-error"><p>'.$error_msg.'</p></div>';
 
             echo $error_content;
             echo $internal_content;
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ 
                 array('event' => $event_id)
             );
 
-            if (! empty($tab_content)) {
+            if ( ! empty($tab_content)) {
                 $tabs[$name] = $tab_content;
             }
         }
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ 
         }
 
         do_action('AHEE__espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend__messages_metabox__before_content');
-        echo $notices . '<div class="messages-tabs-content">' . $tabbed_content . '</div>';
+        echo $notices.'<div class="messages-tabs-content">'.$tabbed_content.'</div>';
         do_action('AHEE__espresso_events_Messages_Hooks_Extend__messages_metabox__after_content');
     }
 
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ 
      */
     public function create_new_custom()
     {
-        if (! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_edit_messages', 'create_new_custom_ajax')) {
+        if ( ! EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_edit_messages', 'create_new_custom_ajax')) {
             wp_die(__('You don\'t have privileges to do this action', 'event_espresso'));
         }
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ 
     public function edit_admin_footer()
     {
         EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'messages/templates/create_custom_template_form.template.php'
+            EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND.'messages/templates/create_custom_template_form.template.php'
         );
     }
 

core/EE_Error.core.php

Indentation +1090 added lines, -1090 removed lines

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ 
 // if you're a dev and want to receive all errors via email
 // add this to your wp-config.php: define( 'EE_ERROR_EMAILS', TRUE );
 if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG === true && defined('EE_ERROR_EMAILS') && EE_ERROR_EMAILS === true) {
-    set_error_handler(array('EE_Error', 'error_handler'));
-    register_shutdown_function(array('EE_Error', 'fatal_error_handler'));
+	set_error_handler(array('EE_Error', 'error_handler'));
+	register_shutdown_function(array('EE_Error', 'fatal_error_handler'));
 }
 
 
@@ -23,259 +23,259 @@ 
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     *    name of the file to log exceptions to
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private static $_exception_log_file = 'espresso_error_log.txt';
-
-    /**
-     *    stores details for all exception
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private static $_all_exceptions = array();
-
-    /**
-     *    tracks number of errors
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private static $_error_count = 0;
-
-    /**
-     *    has shutdown action been added ?
-     *
-     * @var array $_espresso_notices
-     */
-    private static $_espresso_notices = array('success' => false, 'errors' => false, 'attention' => false);
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @override default exception handling
-     * @param string         $message
-     * @param int            $code
-     * @param Exception|null $previous
-     */
-    public function __construct($message, $code = 0, Exception $previous = null)
-    {
-        if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0', '<')) {
-            parent::__construct($message, $code);
-        } else {
-            parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    error_handler
-     *
-     * @param $code
-     * @param $message
-     * @param $file
-     * @param $line
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function error_handler($code, $message, $file, $line)
-    {
-        $type = EE_Error::error_type($code);
-        $site = site_url();
-        switch ($site) {
-            case 'http://ee4.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4decaf.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4hf.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4a.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4ad.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4b.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4bd.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4d.eventespresso.com/' :
-            case 'http://ee4dd.eventespresso.com/' :
-                $to = 'developers@eventespresso.com';
-                break;
-            default :
-                $to = get_option('admin_email');
-        }
-        $subject = $type . ' ' . $message . ' in ' . EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION . ' on ' . site_url();
-        $msg = EE_Error::_format_error($type, $message, $file, $line);
-        if (function_exists('wp_mail')) {
-            add_filter('wp_mail_content_type', array('EE_Error', 'set_content_type'));
-            wp_mail($to, $subject, $msg);
-        }
-        echo '<div id="message" class="espresso-notices error"><p>';
-        echo $type . ': ' . $message . '<br />' . $file . ' line ' . $line;
-        echo '<br /></p></div>';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * error_type
-     * http://www.php.net/manual/en/errorfunc.constants.php#109430
-     *
-     * @param $code
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function error_type($code)
-    {
-        switch ($code) {
-            case E_ERROR: // 1 //
-                return 'E_ERROR';
-            case E_WARNING: // 2 //
-                return 'E_WARNING';
-            case E_PARSE: // 4 //
-                return 'E_PARSE';
-            case E_NOTICE: // 8 //
-                return 'E_NOTICE';
-            case E_CORE_ERROR: // 16 //
-                return 'E_CORE_ERROR';
-            case E_CORE_WARNING: // 32 //
-                return 'E_CORE_WARNING';
-            case E_COMPILE_ERROR: // 64 //
-                return 'E_COMPILE_ERROR';
-            case E_COMPILE_WARNING: // 128 //
-                return 'E_COMPILE_WARNING';
-            case E_USER_ERROR: // 256 //
-                return 'E_USER_ERROR';
-            case E_USER_WARNING: // 512 //
-                return 'E_USER_WARNING';
-            case E_USER_NOTICE: // 1024 //
-                return 'E_USER_NOTICE';
-            case E_STRICT: // 2048 //
-                return 'E_STRICT';
-            case E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR: // 4096 //
-                return 'E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR';
-            case E_DEPRECATED: // 8192 //
-                return 'E_DEPRECATED';
-            case E_USER_DEPRECATED: // 16384 //
-                return 'E_USER_DEPRECATED';
-            case E_ALL: // 16384 //
-                return 'E_ALL';
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    fatal_error_handler
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function fatal_error_handler()
-    {
-        $last_error = error_get_last();
-        if ($last_error['type'] === E_ERROR) {
-            EE_Error::error_handler(E_ERROR, $last_error['message'], $last_error['file'], $last_error['line']);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * _format_error
-     *
-     * @param $code
-     * @param $message
-     * @param $file
-     * @param $line
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private static function _format_error($code, $message, $file, $line)
-    {
-        $html = "<table cellpadding='5'><thead bgcolor='#f8f8f8'><th>Item</th><th align='left'>Details</th></thead><tbody>";
-        $html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>Code</b></td><td>$code</td></tr>";
-        $html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>Error</b></td><td>$message</td></tr>";
-        $html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>File</b></td><td>$file</td></tr>";
-        $html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>Line</b></td><td>$line</td></tr>";
-        $html .= '</tbody></table>';
-        return $html;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * set_content_type
-     *
-     * @param $content_type
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function set_content_type($content_type)
-    {
-        return 'text/html';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_error()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Error__get_error__show_normal_exceptions', false)) {
-            throw $this;
-        }
-        // get separate user and developer messages if they exist
-        $msg = explode('||', $this->getMessage());
-        $user_msg = $msg[0];
-        $dev_msg = isset($msg[1]) ? $msg[1] : $msg[0];
-        $msg = WP_DEBUG ? $dev_msg : $user_msg;
-        // add details to _all_exceptions array
-        $x_time = time();
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['name'] = get_class($this);
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['file'] = $this->getFile();
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['line'] = $this->getLine();
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['msg'] = $msg;
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['code'] = $this->getCode();
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['trace'] = $this->getTrace();
-        self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['string'] = $this->getTraceAsString();
-        self::$_error_count++;
-        //add_action( 'shutdown', array( $this, 'display_errors' ));
-        $this->display_errors();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    has_error
-     *
-     * @param bool   $check_stored
-     * @param string $type_to_check
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public static function has_error($check_stored = false, $type_to_check = 'errors')
-    {
-        $has_error = isset(self::$_espresso_notices[$type_to_check])
-                     && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices[$type_to_check])
-            ? true
-            : false;
-        if ($check_stored && ! $has_error) {
-            $notices = (array)get_option('ee_notices', array());
-            foreach ($notices as $type => $notice) {
-                if ($type === $type_to_check && $notice) {
-                    return true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $has_error;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    display_errors
-     *
-     * @echo   string
-     * @throws \ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_errors()
-    {
-        $trace_details = '';
-        $output = '
+	/**
+	 *    name of the file to log exceptions to
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	private static $_exception_log_file = 'espresso_error_log.txt';
+
+	/**
+	 *    stores details for all exception
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private static $_all_exceptions = array();
+
+	/**
+	 *    tracks number of errors
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	private static $_error_count = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 *    has shutdown action been added ?
+	 *
+	 * @var array $_espresso_notices
+	 */
+	private static $_espresso_notices = array('success' => false, 'errors' => false, 'attention' => false);
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @override default exception handling
+	 * @param string         $message
+	 * @param int            $code
+	 * @param Exception|null $previous
+	 */
+	public function __construct($message, $code = 0, Exception $previous = null)
+	{
+		if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0', '<')) {
+			parent::__construct($message, $code);
+		} else {
+			parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    error_handler
+	 *
+	 * @param $code
+	 * @param $message
+	 * @param $file
+	 * @param $line
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function error_handler($code, $message, $file, $line)
+	{
+		$type = EE_Error::error_type($code);
+		$site = site_url();
+		switch ($site) {
+			case 'http://ee4.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4decaf.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4hf.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4a.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4ad.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4b.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4bd.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4d.eventespresso.com/' :
+			case 'http://ee4dd.eventespresso.com/' :
+				$to = 'developers@eventespresso.com';
+				break;
+			default :
+				$to = get_option('admin_email');
+		}
+		$subject = $type . ' ' . $message . ' in ' . EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION . ' on ' . site_url();
+		$msg = EE_Error::_format_error($type, $message, $file, $line);
+		if (function_exists('wp_mail')) {
+			add_filter('wp_mail_content_type', array('EE_Error', 'set_content_type'));
+			wp_mail($to, $subject, $msg);
+		}
+		echo '<div id="message" class="espresso-notices error"><p>';
+		echo $type . ': ' . $message . '<br />' . $file . ' line ' . $line;
+		echo '<br /></p></div>';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * error_type
+	 * http://www.php.net/manual/en/errorfunc.constants.php#109430
+	 *
+	 * @param $code
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function error_type($code)
+	{
+		switch ($code) {
+			case E_ERROR: // 1 //
+				return 'E_ERROR';
+			case E_WARNING: // 2 //
+				return 'E_WARNING';
+			case E_PARSE: // 4 //
+				return 'E_PARSE';
+			case E_NOTICE: // 8 //
+				return 'E_NOTICE';
+			case E_CORE_ERROR: // 16 //
+				return 'E_CORE_ERROR';
+			case E_CORE_WARNING: // 32 //
+				return 'E_CORE_WARNING';
+			case E_COMPILE_ERROR: // 64 //
+				return 'E_COMPILE_ERROR';
+			case E_COMPILE_WARNING: // 128 //
+				return 'E_COMPILE_WARNING';
+			case E_USER_ERROR: // 256 //
+				return 'E_USER_ERROR';
+			case E_USER_WARNING: // 512 //
+				return 'E_USER_WARNING';
+			case E_USER_NOTICE: // 1024 //
+				return 'E_USER_NOTICE';
+			case E_STRICT: // 2048 //
+				return 'E_STRICT';
+			case E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR: // 4096 //
+				return 'E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR';
+			case E_DEPRECATED: // 8192 //
+				return 'E_DEPRECATED';
+			case E_USER_DEPRECATED: // 16384 //
+				return 'E_USER_DEPRECATED';
+			case E_ALL: // 16384 //
+				return 'E_ALL';
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    fatal_error_handler
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function fatal_error_handler()
+	{
+		$last_error = error_get_last();
+		if ($last_error['type'] === E_ERROR) {
+			EE_Error::error_handler(E_ERROR, $last_error['message'], $last_error['file'], $last_error['line']);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _format_error
+	 *
+	 * @param $code
+	 * @param $message
+	 * @param $file
+	 * @param $line
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private static function _format_error($code, $message, $file, $line)
+	{
+		$html = "<table cellpadding='5'><thead bgcolor='#f8f8f8'><th>Item</th><th align='left'>Details</th></thead><tbody>";
+		$html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>Code</b></td><td>$code</td></tr>";
+		$html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>Error</b></td><td>$message</td></tr>";
+		$html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>File</b></td><td>$file</td></tr>";
+		$html .= "<tr valign='top'><td><b>Line</b></td><td>$line</td></tr>";
+		$html .= '</tbody></table>';
+		return $html;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set_content_type
+	 *
+	 * @param $content_type
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function set_content_type($content_type)
+	{
+		return 'text/html';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_error()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Error__get_error__show_normal_exceptions', false)) {
+			throw $this;
+		}
+		// get separate user and developer messages if they exist
+		$msg = explode('||', $this->getMessage());
+		$user_msg = $msg[0];
+		$dev_msg = isset($msg[1]) ? $msg[1] : $msg[0];
+		$msg = WP_DEBUG ? $dev_msg : $user_msg;
+		// add details to _all_exceptions array
+		$x_time = time();
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['name'] = get_class($this);
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['file'] = $this->getFile();
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['line'] = $this->getLine();
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['msg'] = $msg;
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['code'] = $this->getCode();
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['trace'] = $this->getTrace();
+		self::$_all_exceptions[$x_time]['string'] = $this->getTraceAsString();
+		self::$_error_count++;
+		//add_action( 'shutdown', array( $this, 'display_errors' ));
+		$this->display_errors();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    has_error
+	 *
+	 * @param bool   $check_stored
+	 * @param string $type_to_check
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public static function has_error($check_stored = false, $type_to_check = 'errors')
+	{
+		$has_error = isset(self::$_espresso_notices[$type_to_check])
+					 && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices[$type_to_check])
+			? true
+			: false;
+		if ($check_stored && ! $has_error) {
+			$notices = (array)get_option('ee_notices', array());
+			foreach ($notices as $type => $notice) {
+				if ($type === $type_to_check && $notice) {
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $has_error;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    display_errors
+	 *
+	 * @echo   string
+	 * @throws \ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_errors()
+	{
+		$trace_details = '';
+		$output = '
 <style type="text/css">
 	#ee-error-message {
 		max-width:90% !important;
@@ -331,19 +331,19 @@ 
 	}
 </style>
 <div id="ee-error-message" class="error">';
-        if (! WP_DEBUG) {
-            $output .= '
+		if (! WP_DEBUG) {
+			$output .= '
 	<p>';
-        }
-        // cycle thru errors
-        foreach (self::$_all_exceptions as $time => $ex) {
-            $error_code = '';
-            // process trace info
-            if (empty($ex['trace'])) {
-                $trace_details .= __('Sorry, but no trace information was available for this exception.',
-                    'event_espresso');
-            } else {
-                $trace_details .= '
+		}
+		// cycle thru errors
+		foreach (self::$_all_exceptions as $time => $ex) {
+			$error_code = '';
+			// process trace info
+			if (empty($ex['trace'])) {
+				$trace_details .= __('Sorry, but no trace information was available for this exception.',
+					'event_espresso');
+			} else {
+				$trace_details .= '
 			<div id="ee-trace-details">
 			<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
 				<tr>
@@ -353,38 +353,38 @@ 
 					<th scope="col" align="left">Class</th>
 					<th scope="col" align="left">Method( arguments )</th>
 				</tr>';
-                $last_on_stack = count($ex['trace']) - 1;
-                // reverse array so that stack is in proper chronological order
-                $sorted_trace = array_reverse($ex['trace']);
-                foreach ($sorted_trace as $nmbr => $trace) {
-                    $file = isset($trace['file']) ? $trace['file'] : '';
-                    $class = isset($trace['class']) ? $trace['class'] : '';
-                    $type = isset($trace['type']) ? $trace['type'] : '';
-                    $function = isset($trace['function']) ? $trace['function'] : '';
-                    $args = isset($trace['args']) ? $this->_convert_args_to_string($trace['args']) : '';
-                    $line = isset($trace['line']) ? $trace['line'] : '';
-                    $zebra = ($nmbr % 2) ? ' odd' : '';
-                    if (empty($file) && ! empty($class)) {
-                        $a = new ReflectionClass($class);
-                        $file = $a->getFileName();
-                        if (empty($line) && ! empty($function)) {
-                            $b = new ReflectionMethod($class, $function);
-                            $line = $b->getStartLine();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($nmbr === $last_on_stack) {
-                        $file = $ex['file'] !== '' ? $ex['file'] : $file;
-                        $line = $ex['line'] !== '' ? $ex['line'] : $line;
-                        $error_code = self::generate_error_code($file, $trace['function'], $line);
-                    }
-                    $nmbr_dsply = ! empty($nmbr) ? $nmbr : '&nbsp;';
-                    $line_dsply = ! empty($line) ? $line : '&nbsp;';
-                    $file_dsply = ! empty($file) ? $file : '&nbsp;';
-                    $class_dsply = ! empty($class) ? $class : '&nbsp;';
-                    $type_dsply = ! empty($type) ? $type : '&nbsp;';
-                    $function_dsply = ! empty($function) ? $function : '&nbsp;';
-                    $args_dsply = ! empty($args) ? '( ' . $args . ' )' : '';
-                    $trace_details .= '
+				$last_on_stack = count($ex['trace']) - 1;
+				// reverse array so that stack is in proper chronological order
+				$sorted_trace = array_reverse($ex['trace']);
+				foreach ($sorted_trace as $nmbr => $trace) {
+					$file = isset($trace['file']) ? $trace['file'] : '';
+					$class = isset($trace['class']) ? $trace['class'] : '';
+					$type = isset($trace['type']) ? $trace['type'] : '';
+					$function = isset($trace['function']) ? $trace['function'] : '';
+					$args = isset($trace['args']) ? $this->_convert_args_to_string($trace['args']) : '';
+					$line = isset($trace['line']) ? $trace['line'] : '';
+					$zebra = ($nmbr % 2) ? ' odd' : '';
+					if (empty($file) && ! empty($class)) {
+						$a = new ReflectionClass($class);
+						$file = $a->getFileName();
+						if (empty($line) && ! empty($function)) {
+							$b = new ReflectionMethod($class, $function);
+							$line = $b->getStartLine();
+						}
+					}
+					if ($nmbr === $last_on_stack) {
+						$file = $ex['file'] !== '' ? $ex['file'] : $file;
+						$line = $ex['line'] !== '' ? $ex['line'] : $line;
+						$error_code = self::generate_error_code($file, $trace['function'], $line);
+					}
+					$nmbr_dsply = ! empty($nmbr) ? $nmbr : '&nbsp;';
+					$line_dsply = ! empty($line) ? $line : '&nbsp;';
+					$file_dsply = ! empty($file) ? $file : '&nbsp;';
+					$class_dsply = ! empty($class) ? $class : '&nbsp;';
+					$type_dsply = ! empty($type) ? $type : '&nbsp;';
+					$function_dsply = ! empty($function) ? $function : '&nbsp;';
+					$args_dsply = ! empty($args) ? '( ' . $args . ' )' : '';
+					$trace_details .= '
 					<tr>
 						<td align="right" class="' . $zebra . '">' . $nmbr_dsply . '</td>
 						<td align="right" class="' . $zebra . '">' . $line_dsply . '</td>
@@ -392,674 +392,674 @@ 
 						<td align="left" class="' . $zebra . '">' . $class_dsply . '</td>
 						<td align="left" class="' . $zebra . '">' . $type_dsply . $function_dsply . $args_dsply . '</td>
 					</tr>';
-                }
-                $trace_details .= '
+				}
+				$trace_details .= '
 			 </table>
 			</div>';
-            }
-            $ex['code'] = $ex['code'] ? $ex['code'] : $error_code;
-            // add generic non-identifying messages for non-privileged users
-            if (! WP_DEBUG) {
-                $output .= '<span class="ee-error-user-msg-spn">'
-                           . trim($ex['msg'])
-                           . '</span> &nbsp; <sup>'
-                           . $ex['code']
-                           . '</sup><br />';
-            } else {
-                // or helpful developer messages if debugging is on
-                $output .= '
+			}
+			$ex['code'] = $ex['code'] ? $ex['code'] : $error_code;
+			// add generic non-identifying messages for non-privileged users
+			if (! WP_DEBUG) {
+				$output .= '<span class="ee-error-user-msg-spn">'
+						   . trim($ex['msg'])
+						   . '</span> &nbsp; <sup>'
+						   . $ex['code']
+						   . '</sup><br />';
+			} else {
+				// or helpful developer messages if debugging is on
+				$output .= '
 		<div class="ee-error-dev-msg-dv">
 			<p class="ee-error-dev-msg-pg">
 				<strong class="ee-error-dev-msg-str">An '
-                           . $ex['name']
-                           . ' exception was thrown!</strong>  &nbsp; <span>code: '
-                           . $ex['code']
-                           . '</span><br />
+						   . $ex['name']
+						   . ' exception was thrown!</strong>  &nbsp; <span>code: '
+						   . $ex['code']
+						   . '</span><br />
 				<span class="big-text">"'
-                           . trim($ex['msg'])
-                           . '"</span><br/>
+						   . trim($ex['msg'])
+						   . '"</span><br/>
 				<a id="display-ee-error-trace-'
-                           . self::$_error_count
-                           . $time
-                           . '" class="display-ee-error-trace-lnk small-text" rel="ee-error-trace-'
-                           . self::$_error_count
-                           . $time
-                           . '">
+						   . self::$_error_count
+						   . $time
+						   . '" class="display-ee-error-trace-lnk small-text" rel="ee-error-trace-'
+						   . self::$_error_count
+						   . $time
+						   . '">
 					'
-                           . __('click to view backtrace and class/method details', 'event_espresso')
-                           . '
+						   . __('click to view backtrace and class/method details', 'event_espresso')
+						   . '
 				</a><br />
 				<span class="small-text lt-grey-text">'
-                           . $ex['file']
-                           . ' &nbsp; ( line no: '
-                           . $ex['line']
-                           . ' )</span>
+						   . $ex['file']
+						   . ' &nbsp; ( line no: '
+						   . $ex['line']
+						   . ' )</span>
 			</p>
 			<div id="ee-error-trace-'
-                           . self::$_error_count
-                           . $time
-                           . '-dv" class="ee-error-trace-dv" style="display: none;">
+						   . self::$_error_count
+						   . $time
+						   . '-dv" class="ee-error-trace-dv" style="display: none;">
 				'
-                           . $trace_details;
-                if (! empty($class)) {
-                    $output .= '
+						   . $trace_details;
+				if (! empty($class)) {
+					$output .= '
 				<div style="padding:3px; margin:0 0 1em; border:1px solid #666; background:#fff; border-radius:3px;">
 					<div style="padding:1em 2em; border:1px solid #666; background:#f9f9f9;">
 						<h3>Class Details</h3>';
-                    $a = new ReflectionClass($class);
-                    $output .= '
+					$a = new ReflectionClass($class);
+					$output .= '
 						<pre>' . $a . '</pre>
 					</div>
 				</div>';
-                }
-                $output .= '
+				}
+				$output .= '
 			</div>
 		</div>
 		<br />';
-            }
-            $this->write_to_error_log($time, $ex);
-        }
-        // remove last linebreak
-        $output = substr($output, 0, -6);
-        if (! WP_DEBUG) {
-            $output .= '
+			}
+			$this->write_to_error_log($time, $ex);
+		}
+		// remove last linebreak
+		$output = substr($output, 0, -6);
+		if (! WP_DEBUG) {
+			$output .= '
 	</p>';
-        }
-        $output .= '
+		}
+		$output .= '
 </div>';
-        $output .= self::_print_scripts(true);
-        if (defined('DOING_AJAX')) {
-            echo wp_json_encode(array('error' => $output));
-            exit();
-        }
-        echo $output;
-        die();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    generate string from exception trace args
-     *
-     * @param array $arguments
-     * @param bool  $array
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _convert_args_to_string($arguments = array(), $array = false)
-    {
-        $arg_string = '';
-        if (! empty($arguments)) {
-            $args = array();
-            foreach ($arguments as $arg) {
-                if (! empty($arg)) {
-                    if (is_string($arg)) {
-                        $args[] = " '" . $arg . "'";
-                    } elseif (is_array($arg)) {
-                        $args[] = 'ARRAY(' . $this->_convert_args_to_string($arg, true);
-                    } elseif ($arg === null) {
-                        $args[] = ' NULL';
-                    } elseif (is_bool($arg)) {
-                        $args[] = ($arg) ? ' TRUE' : ' FALSE';
-                    } elseif (is_object($arg)) {
-                        $args[] = ' OBJECT ' . get_class($arg);
-                    } elseif (is_resource($arg)) {
-                        $args[] = get_resource_type($arg);
-                    } else {
-                        $args[] = $arg;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            $arg_string = implode(', ', $args);
-        }
-        if ($array) {
-            $arg_string .= ' )';
-        }
-        return $arg_string;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    add error message
-     *
-     * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
-     *                            separate messages for user || dev
-     * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
-     * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
-     * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function add_error($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
-    {
-        self::_add_notice('errors', $msg, $file, $func, $line);
-        self::$_error_count++;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * If WP_DEBUG is active, throws an exception. If WP_DEBUG is off, just
-     * adds an error
-     *
-     * @param string $msg
-     * @param string $file
-     * @param string $func
-     * @param string $line
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function throw_exception_if_debugging($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
-    {
-        if (WP_DEBUG) {
-            throw new EE_Error($msg);
-        }
-        EE_Error::add_error($msg, $file, $func, $line);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    add success message
-     *
-     * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
-     *                            separate messages for user || dev
-     * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
-     * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
-     * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function add_success($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
-    {
-        self::_add_notice('success', $msg, $file, $func, $line);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    add attention message
-     *
-     * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
-     *                            separate messages for user || dev
-     * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
-     * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
-     * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function add_attention($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
-    {
-        self::_add_notice('attention', $msg, $file, $func, $line);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    add success message
-     *
-     * @param        string $type whether the message is for a success or error notification
-     * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
-     *                            separate messages for user || dev
-     * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
-     * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
-     * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    private static function _add_notice($type = 'success', $msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
-    {
-        if (empty($msg)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EE_Error::add_' . $type . '()',
-                sprintf(
-                    __('Notifications are not much use without a message! Please add a message to the EE_Error::add_%s() call made in %s on line %d',
-                        'event_espresso'),
-                    $type,
-                    $file,
-                    $line
-                ),
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-            );
-        }
-        if ($type === 'errors' && (empty($file) || empty($func) || empty($line))) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EE_Error::add_error()',
-                __('You need to provide the file name, function name, and line number that the error occurred on in order to better assist with debugging.',
-                    'event_espresso'),
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-            );
-        }
-        // get separate user and developer messages if they exist
-        $msg = explode('||', $msg);
-        $user_msg = $msg[0];
-        $dev_msg = isset($msg[1]) ? $msg[1] : $msg[0];
-        /**
-         * Do an action so other code can be triggered when a notice is created
-         *
-         * @param string $type     can be 'errors', 'attention', or 'success'
-         * @param string $user_msg message displayed to user when WP_DEBUG is off
-         * @param string $user_msg message displayed to user when WP_DEBUG is on
-         * @param string $file     file where error was generated
-         * @param string $func     function where error was generated
-         * @param string $line     line where error was generated
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Error___add_notice', $type, $user_msg, $dev_msg, $file, $func, $line);
-        $msg = WP_DEBUG ? $dev_msg : $user_msg;
-        // add notice if message exists
-        if (! empty($msg)) {
-            // get error code
-            $notice_code = EE_Error::generate_error_code($file, $func, $line);
-            if (WP_DEBUG && $type === 'errors') {
-                $msg .= '<br/><span class="tiny-text">' . $notice_code . '</span>';
-            }
-            // add notice. Index by code if it's not blank
-            if ($notice_code) {
-                self::$_espresso_notices[$type][$notice_code] = $msg;
-            } else {
-                self::$_espresso_notices[$type][] = $msg;
-            }
-            add_action('wp_footer', array('EE_Error', 'enqueue_error_scripts'), 1);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    in some case it may be necessary to overwrite the existing success messages
-     *
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function overwrite_success()
-    {
-        self::$_espresso_notices['success'] = false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    in some case it may be necessary to overwrite the existing attention messages
-     *
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function overwrite_attention()
-    {
-        self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] = false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    in some case it may be necessary to overwrite the existing error messages
-     *
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function overwrite_errors()
-    {
-        self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] = false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    reset_notices
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function reset_notices()
-    {
-        self::$_espresso_notices['success'] = false;
-        self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] = false;
-        self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] = false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    has_errors
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public static function has_notices()
-    {
-        $has_notices = 0;
-        // check for success messages
-        $has_notices = self::$_espresso_notices['success'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['success']) ? 3
-            : $has_notices;
-        // check for attention messages
-        $has_notices = self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['attention']) ? 2
-            : $has_notices;
-        // check for error messages
-        $has_notices = self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['errors']) ? 1
-            : $has_notices;
-        return $has_notices;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns non formatted error notices as they were sent into the EE_Error object.
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.0
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function get_vanilla_notices()
-    {
-        return array(
-            'success'   => isset(self::$_espresso_notices['success']) ? self::$_espresso_notices['success'] : array(),
-            'attention' => isset(self::$_espresso_notices['attention']) ? self::$_espresso_notices['attention']
-                : array(),
-            'errors'    => isset(self::$_espresso_notices['errors']) ? self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] : array(),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    compile all error or success messages into one string
-     *
-     * @see EE_Error::get_raw_notices if you want the raw notices without any preparations made to them
-     * @param        boolean $format_output     whether or not to format the messages for display in the WP admin
-     * @param        boolean $save_to_transient whether or not to save notices to the db for retrieval on next request
-     *                                          - ONLY do this just before redirecting
-     * @param        boolean $remove_empty      whether or not to unset empty messages
-     * @return        array
-     */
-    public static function get_notices($format_output = true, $save_to_transient = false, $remove_empty = true)
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-        $success_messages = '';
-        $attention_messages = '';
-        $error_messages = '';
-        $print_scripts = false;
-        // either save notices to the db
-        if ($save_to_transient) {
-            update_option('ee_notices', self::$_espresso_notices);
-            return array();
-        }
-        // grab any notices that have been previously saved
-        if ($notices = get_option('ee_notices', false)) {
-            foreach ($notices as $type => $notice) {
-                if (is_array($notice) && ! empty($notice)) {
-                    // make sure that existing notice type is an array
-                    self::$_espresso_notices[$type] = is_array(self::$_espresso_notices[$type])
-                                                      && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices[$type])
-                        ? self::$_espresso_notices[$type] : array();
-                    // merge stored notices with any newly created ones
-                    self::$_espresso_notices[$type] = array_merge(self::$_espresso_notices[$type], $notice);
-                    $print_scripts = true;
-                }
-            }
-            // now clear any stored notices
-            update_option('ee_notices', false);
-        }
-        // check for success messages
-        if (self::$_espresso_notices['success'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['success'])) {
-            // combine messages
-            $success_messages .= implode(self::$_espresso_notices['success'], '<br /><br />');
-            $print_scripts = true;
-        }
-        // check for attention messages
-        if (self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['attention'])) {
-            // combine messages
-            $attention_messages .= implode(self::$_espresso_notices['attention'], '<br /><br />');
-            $print_scripts = true;
-        }
-        // check for error messages
-        if (self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['errors'])) {
-            $error_messages .= count(self::$_espresso_notices['errors']) > 1
-                ? __('The following errors have occurred:<br />', 'event_espresso')
-                : __('An error has occurred:<br />', 'event_espresso');
-            // combine messages
-            $error_messages .= implode(self::$_espresso_notices['errors'], '<br /><br />');
-            $print_scripts = true;
-        }
-        if ($format_output) {
-            $notices = '<div id="espresso-notices">';
-            $close = is_admin() ? ''
-                : '<a class="close-espresso-notice hide-if-no-js"><span class="dashicons dashicons-no"></span></a>';
-            if ($success_messages !== '') {
-                $css_id = is_admin() ? 'message' : 'espresso-notices-success';
-                $css_class = is_admin() ? 'updated fade' : 'success fade-away';
-                //showMessage( $success_messages );
-                $notices .= '<div id="'
-                            . $css_id
-                            . '" class="espresso-notices '
-                            . $css_class
-                            . '" style="display:none;"><p>'
-                            . $success_messages
-                            . '</p>'
-                            . $close
-                            . '</div>';
-            }
-            if ($attention_messages !== '') {
-                $css_id = is_admin() ? 'message' : 'espresso-notices-attention';
-                $css_class = is_admin() ? 'updated ee-notices-attention' : 'attention fade-away';
-                //showMessage( $error_messages, TRUE );
-                $notices .= '<div id="'
-                            . $css_id
-                            . '" class="espresso-notices '
-                            . $css_class
-                            . '" style="display:none;"><p>'
-                            . $attention_messages
-                            . '</p>'
-                            . $close
-                            . '</div>';
-            }
-            if ($error_messages !== '') {
-                $css_id = is_admin() ? 'message' : 'espresso-notices-error';
-                $css_class = is_admin() ? 'error' : 'error fade-away';
-                //showMessage( $error_messages, TRUE );
-                $notices .= '<div id="'
-                            . $css_id
-                            . '" class="espresso-notices '
-                            . $css_class
-                            . '" style="display:none;"><p>'
-                            . $error_messages
-                            . '</p>'
-                            . $close
-                            . '</div>';
-            }
-            $notices .= '</div>';
-        } else {
-            $notices = array(
-                'success'   => $success_messages,
-                'attention' => $attention_messages,
-                'errors'    => $error_messages,
-            );
-            if ($remove_empty) {
-                // remove empty notices
-                foreach ($notices as $type => $notice) {
-                    if (empty($notice)) {
-                        unset($notices[$type]);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if ($print_scripts) {
-            self::_print_scripts();
-        }
-        return $notices;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    add_persistent_admin_notice
-     *
-     * @param        string $pan_name     the name, or key of the Persistent Admin Notice to be stored
-     * @param        string $pan_message  the message to be stored persistently until dismissed
-     * @param bool          $force_update allows one to enforce the reappearance of a persistent message.
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function add_persistent_admin_notice($pan_name = '', $pan_message, $force_update = false)
-    {
-        if (! empty($pan_name) && ! empty($pan_message)) {
-            $persistent_admin_notices = get_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', array());
-            //maybe initialize persistent_admin_notices
-            if (empty($persistent_admin_notices)) {
-                add_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', array(), '', 'no');
-            }
-            $pan_name = sanitize_key($pan_name);
-            if (! array_key_exists($pan_name, $persistent_admin_notices) || $force_update) {
-                $persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name] = $pan_message;
-                update_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', $persistent_admin_notices);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    dismiss_persistent_admin_notice
-     *
-     * @param        string $pan_name the name, or key of the Persistent Admin Notice to be dismissed
-     * @param bool          $purge
-     * @param bool          $return_immediately
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function dismiss_persistent_admin_notice($pan_name = '', $purge = false, $return_immediately = false)
-    {
-        $pan_name = EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->is_set('ee_nag_notice')
-            ? EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->get('ee_nag_notice') : $pan_name;
-        if (! empty($pan_name)) {
-            $persistent_admin_notices = get_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', array());
-            // check if notice we wish to dismiss is actually in the $persistent_admin_notices array
-            if (is_array($persistent_admin_notices) && isset($persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name])) {
-                // completely delete nag notice, or just NULL message so that it can NOT be added again ?
-                if ($purge) {
-                    unset($persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name]);
-                } else {
-                    $persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name] = null;
-                }
-                if (update_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', $persistent_admin_notices) === false) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(__('The persistent admin notice for "%s" could not be deleted.',
-                        'event_espresso'), $pan_name), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if ($return_immediately) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->ajax) {
-            // grab any notices and concatenate into string
-            echo wp_json_encode(array('errors' => implode('<br />', EE_Error::get_notices(false))));
-            exit();
-        }
-        // save errors to a transient to be displayed on next request (after redirect)
-        EE_Error::get_notices(false, true);
-        $return_url = EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->is_set('return_url')
-            ? EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->get('return_url') : '';
-        wp_safe_redirect(urldecode($return_url));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * display_persistent_admin_notices
-     *
-     * @param  string $pan_name    the name, or key of the Persistent Admin Notice to be stored
-     * @param  string $pan_message the message to be stored persistently until dismissed
-     * @param  string $return_url  URL to go back to after nag notice is dismissed
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function display_persistent_admin_notices($pan_name = '', $pan_message = '', $return_url = '')
-    {
-        if (! empty($pan_name) && ! empty($pan_message)) {
-            $args = array(
-                'nag_notice'    => $pan_name,
-                'return_url'    => urlencode($return_url),
-                'ajax_url'      => WP_AJAX_URL,
-                'unknown_error' => esc_html__(
-                    'An unknown error has occurred on the server while attempting to dismiss this notice.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-            );
-            EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings = array_merge(
-                EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings,
-                array('ee_dismiss' => $args)
-            );
-            return '
+		$output .= self::_print_scripts(true);
+		if (defined('DOING_AJAX')) {
+			echo wp_json_encode(array('error' => $output));
+			exit();
+		}
+		echo $output;
+		die();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    generate string from exception trace args
+	 *
+	 * @param array $arguments
+	 * @param bool  $array
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _convert_args_to_string($arguments = array(), $array = false)
+	{
+		$arg_string = '';
+		if (! empty($arguments)) {
+			$args = array();
+			foreach ($arguments as $arg) {
+				if (! empty($arg)) {
+					if (is_string($arg)) {
+						$args[] = " '" . $arg . "'";
+					} elseif (is_array($arg)) {
+						$args[] = 'ARRAY(' . $this->_convert_args_to_string($arg, true);
+					} elseif ($arg === null) {
+						$args[] = ' NULL';
+					} elseif (is_bool($arg)) {
+						$args[] = ($arg) ? ' TRUE' : ' FALSE';
+					} elseif (is_object($arg)) {
+						$args[] = ' OBJECT ' . get_class($arg);
+					} elseif (is_resource($arg)) {
+						$args[] = get_resource_type($arg);
+					} else {
+						$args[] = $arg;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			$arg_string = implode(', ', $args);
+		}
+		if ($array) {
+			$arg_string .= ' )';
+		}
+		return $arg_string;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    add error message
+	 *
+	 * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
+	 *                            separate messages for user || dev
+	 * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
+	 * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
+	 * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function add_error($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
+	{
+		self::_add_notice('errors', $msg, $file, $func, $line);
+		self::$_error_count++;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If WP_DEBUG is active, throws an exception. If WP_DEBUG is off, just
+	 * adds an error
+	 *
+	 * @param string $msg
+	 * @param string $file
+	 * @param string $func
+	 * @param string $line
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function throw_exception_if_debugging($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
+	{
+		if (WP_DEBUG) {
+			throw new EE_Error($msg);
+		}
+		EE_Error::add_error($msg, $file, $func, $line);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    add success message
+	 *
+	 * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
+	 *                            separate messages for user || dev
+	 * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
+	 * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
+	 * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function add_success($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
+	{
+		self::_add_notice('success', $msg, $file, $func, $line);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    add attention message
+	 *
+	 * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
+	 *                            separate messages for user || dev
+	 * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
+	 * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
+	 * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function add_attention($msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
+	{
+		self::_add_notice('attention', $msg, $file, $func, $line);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    add success message
+	 *
+	 * @param        string $type whether the message is for a success or error notification
+	 * @param        string $msg  the message to display to users or developers - adding a double pipe || (OR) creates
+	 *                            separate messages for user || dev
+	 * @param        string $file the file that the error occurred in - just use __FILE__
+	 * @param        string $func the function/method that the error occurred in - just use __FUNCTION__
+	 * @param        string $line the line number where the error occurred - just use __LINE__
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	private static function _add_notice($type = 'success', $msg = null, $file = null, $func = null, $line = null)
+	{
+		if (empty($msg)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EE_Error::add_' . $type . '()',
+				sprintf(
+					__('Notifications are not much use without a message! Please add a message to the EE_Error::add_%s() call made in %s on line %d',
+						'event_espresso'),
+					$type,
+					$file,
+					$line
+				),
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+			);
+		}
+		if ($type === 'errors' && (empty($file) || empty($func) || empty($line))) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EE_Error::add_error()',
+				__('You need to provide the file name, function name, and line number that the error occurred on in order to better assist with debugging.',
+					'event_espresso'),
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+			);
+		}
+		// get separate user and developer messages if they exist
+		$msg = explode('||', $msg);
+		$user_msg = $msg[0];
+		$dev_msg = isset($msg[1]) ? $msg[1] : $msg[0];
+		/**
+		 * Do an action so other code can be triggered when a notice is created
+		 *
+		 * @param string $type     can be 'errors', 'attention', or 'success'
+		 * @param string $user_msg message displayed to user when WP_DEBUG is off
+		 * @param string $user_msg message displayed to user when WP_DEBUG is on
+		 * @param string $file     file where error was generated
+		 * @param string $func     function where error was generated
+		 * @param string $line     line where error was generated
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Error___add_notice', $type, $user_msg, $dev_msg, $file, $func, $line);
+		$msg = WP_DEBUG ? $dev_msg : $user_msg;
+		// add notice if message exists
+		if (! empty($msg)) {
+			// get error code
+			$notice_code = EE_Error::generate_error_code($file, $func, $line);
+			if (WP_DEBUG && $type === 'errors') {
+				$msg .= '<br/><span class="tiny-text">' . $notice_code . '</span>';
+			}
+			// add notice. Index by code if it's not blank
+			if ($notice_code) {
+				self::$_espresso_notices[$type][$notice_code] = $msg;
+			} else {
+				self::$_espresso_notices[$type][] = $msg;
+			}
+			add_action('wp_footer', array('EE_Error', 'enqueue_error_scripts'), 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    in some case it may be necessary to overwrite the existing success messages
+	 *
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function overwrite_success()
+	{
+		self::$_espresso_notices['success'] = false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    in some case it may be necessary to overwrite the existing attention messages
+	 *
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function overwrite_attention()
+	{
+		self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] = false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    in some case it may be necessary to overwrite the existing error messages
+	 *
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function overwrite_errors()
+	{
+		self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] = false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    reset_notices
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function reset_notices()
+	{
+		self::$_espresso_notices['success'] = false;
+		self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] = false;
+		self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] = false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    has_errors
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public static function has_notices()
+	{
+		$has_notices = 0;
+		// check for success messages
+		$has_notices = self::$_espresso_notices['success'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['success']) ? 3
+			: $has_notices;
+		// check for attention messages
+		$has_notices = self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['attention']) ? 2
+			: $has_notices;
+		// check for error messages
+		$has_notices = self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['errors']) ? 1
+			: $has_notices;
+		return $has_notices;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns non formatted error notices as they were sent into the EE_Error object.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.0
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function get_vanilla_notices()
+	{
+		return array(
+			'success'   => isset(self::$_espresso_notices['success']) ? self::$_espresso_notices['success'] : array(),
+			'attention' => isset(self::$_espresso_notices['attention']) ? self::$_espresso_notices['attention']
+				: array(),
+			'errors'    => isset(self::$_espresso_notices['errors']) ? self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] : array(),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    compile all error or success messages into one string
+	 *
+	 * @see EE_Error::get_raw_notices if you want the raw notices without any preparations made to them
+	 * @param        boolean $format_output     whether or not to format the messages for display in the WP admin
+	 * @param        boolean $save_to_transient whether or not to save notices to the db for retrieval on next request
+	 *                                          - ONLY do this just before redirecting
+	 * @param        boolean $remove_empty      whether or not to unset empty messages
+	 * @return        array
+	 */
+	public static function get_notices($format_output = true, $save_to_transient = false, $remove_empty = true)
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+		$success_messages = '';
+		$attention_messages = '';
+		$error_messages = '';
+		$print_scripts = false;
+		// either save notices to the db
+		if ($save_to_transient) {
+			update_option('ee_notices', self::$_espresso_notices);
+			return array();
+		}
+		// grab any notices that have been previously saved
+		if ($notices = get_option('ee_notices', false)) {
+			foreach ($notices as $type => $notice) {
+				if (is_array($notice) && ! empty($notice)) {
+					// make sure that existing notice type is an array
+					self::$_espresso_notices[$type] = is_array(self::$_espresso_notices[$type])
+													  && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices[$type])
+						? self::$_espresso_notices[$type] : array();
+					// merge stored notices with any newly created ones
+					self::$_espresso_notices[$type] = array_merge(self::$_espresso_notices[$type], $notice);
+					$print_scripts = true;
+				}
+			}
+			// now clear any stored notices
+			update_option('ee_notices', false);
+		}
+		// check for success messages
+		if (self::$_espresso_notices['success'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['success'])) {
+			// combine messages
+			$success_messages .= implode(self::$_espresso_notices['success'], '<br /><br />');
+			$print_scripts = true;
+		}
+		// check for attention messages
+		if (self::$_espresso_notices['attention'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['attention'])) {
+			// combine messages
+			$attention_messages .= implode(self::$_espresso_notices['attention'], '<br /><br />');
+			$print_scripts = true;
+		}
+		// check for error messages
+		if (self::$_espresso_notices['errors'] && ! empty(self::$_espresso_notices['errors'])) {
+			$error_messages .= count(self::$_espresso_notices['errors']) > 1
+				? __('The following errors have occurred:<br />', 'event_espresso')
+				: __('An error has occurred:<br />', 'event_espresso');
+			// combine messages
+			$error_messages .= implode(self::$_espresso_notices['errors'], '<br /><br />');
+			$print_scripts = true;
+		}
+		if ($format_output) {
+			$notices = '<div id="espresso-notices">';
+			$close = is_admin() ? ''
+				: '<a class="close-espresso-notice hide-if-no-js"><span class="dashicons dashicons-no"></span></a>';
+			if ($success_messages !== '') {
+				$css_id = is_admin() ? 'message' : 'espresso-notices-success';
+				$css_class = is_admin() ? 'updated fade' : 'success fade-away';
+				//showMessage( $success_messages );
+				$notices .= '<div id="'
+							. $css_id
+							. '" class="espresso-notices '
+							. $css_class
+							. '" style="display:none;"><p>'
+							. $success_messages
+							. '</p>'
+							. $close
+							. '</div>';
+			}
+			if ($attention_messages !== '') {
+				$css_id = is_admin() ? 'message' : 'espresso-notices-attention';
+				$css_class = is_admin() ? 'updated ee-notices-attention' : 'attention fade-away';
+				//showMessage( $error_messages, TRUE );
+				$notices .= '<div id="'
+							. $css_id
+							. '" class="espresso-notices '
+							. $css_class
+							. '" style="display:none;"><p>'
+							. $attention_messages
+							. '</p>'
+							. $close
+							. '</div>';
+			}
+			if ($error_messages !== '') {
+				$css_id = is_admin() ? 'message' : 'espresso-notices-error';
+				$css_class = is_admin() ? 'error' : 'error fade-away';
+				//showMessage( $error_messages, TRUE );
+				$notices .= '<div id="'
+							. $css_id
+							. '" class="espresso-notices '
+							. $css_class
+							. '" style="display:none;"><p>'
+							. $error_messages
+							. '</p>'
+							. $close
+							. '</div>';
+			}
+			$notices .= '</div>';
+		} else {
+			$notices = array(
+				'success'   => $success_messages,
+				'attention' => $attention_messages,
+				'errors'    => $error_messages,
+			);
+			if ($remove_empty) {
+				// remove empty notices
+				foreach ($notices as $type => $notice) {
+					if (empty($notice)) {
+						unset($notices[$type]);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if ($print_scripts) {
+			self::_print_scripts();
+		}
+		return $notices;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    add_persistent_admin_notice
+	 *
+	 * @param        string $pan_name     the name, or key of the Persistent Admin Notice to be stored
+	 * @param        string $pan_message  the message to be stored persistently until dismissed
+	 * @param bool          $force_update allows one to enforce the reappearance of a persistent message.
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function add_persistent_admin_notice($pan_name = '', $pan_message, $force_update = false)
+	{
+		if (! empty($pan_name) && ! empty($pan_message)) {
+			$persistent_admin_notices = get_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', array());
+			//maybe initialize persistent_admin_notices
+			if (empty($persistent_admin_notices)) {
+				add_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', array(), '', 'no');
+			}
+			$pan_name = sanitize_key($pan_name);
+			if (! array_key_exists($pan_name, $persistent_admin_notices) || $force_update) {
+				$persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name] = $pan_message;
+				update_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', $persistent_admin_notices);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    dismiss_persistent_admin_notice
+	 *
+	 * @param        string $pan_name the name, or key of the Persistent Admin Notice to be dismissed
+	 * @param bool          $purge
+	 * @param bool          $return_immediately
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function dismiss_persistent_admin_notice($pan_name = '', $purge = false, $return_immediately = false)
+	{
+		$pan_name = EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->is_set('ee_nag_notice')
+			? EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->get('ee_nag_notice') : $pan_name;
+		if (! empty($pan_name)) {
+			$persistent_admin_notices = get_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', array());
+			// check if notice we wish to dismiss is actually in the $persistent_admin_notices array
+			if (is_array($persistent_admin_notices) && isset($persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name])) {
+				// completely delete nag notice, or just NULL message so that it can NOT be added again ?
+				if ($purge) {
+					unset($persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name]);
+				} else {
+					$persistent_admin_notices[$pan_name] = null;
+				}
+				if (update_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', $persistent_admin_notices) === false) {
+					EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(__('The persistent admin notice for "%s" could not be deleted.',
+						'event_espresso'), $pan_name), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if ($return_immediately) {
+			return;
+		}
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->ajax) {
+			// grab any notices and concatenate into string
+			echo wp_json_encode(array('errors' => implode('<br />', EE_Error::get_notices(false))));
+			exit();
+		}
+		// save errors to a transient to be displayed on next request (after redirect)
+		EE_Error::get_notices(false, true);
+		$return_url = EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->is_set('return_url')
+			? EE_Registry::instance()->REQ->get('return_url') : '';
+		wp_safe_redirect(urldecode($return_url));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * display_persistent_admin_notices
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $pan_name    the name, or key of the Persistent Admin Notice to be stored
+	 * @param  string $pan_message the message to be stored persistently until dismissed
+	 * @param  string $return_url  URL to go back to after nag notice is dismissed
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function display_persistent_admin_notices($pan_name = '', $pan_message = '', $return_url = '')
+	{
+		if (! empty($pan_name) && ! empty($pan_message)) {
+			$args = array(
+				'nag_notice'    => $pan_name,
+				'return_url'    => urlencode($return_url),
+				'ajax_url'      => WP_AJAX_URL,
+				'unknown_error' => esc_html__(
+					'An unknown error has occurred on the server while attempting to dismiss this notice.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+			);
+			EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings = array_merge(
+				EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings,
+				array('ee_dismiss' => $args)
+			);
+			return '
 			<div id="'
-                   . $pan_name
-                   . '" class="espresso-notices updated ee-nag-notice clearfix" style="border-left: 4px solid #fcb93c;">
+				   . $pan_name
+				   . '" class="espresso-notices updated ee-nag-notice clearfix" style="border-left: 4px solid #fcb93c;">
 				<p>'
-                   . $pan_message
-                   . '</p>
+				   . $pan_message
+				   . '</p>
 				<a class="dismiss-ee-nag-notice hide-if-no-js" style="float: right; cursor: pointer; text-decoration:none;" rel="'
-                   . $pan_name
-                   . '">
+				   . $pan_name
+				   . '">
 					<span class="dashicons dashicons-dismiss" style="position:relative; top:-1px; margin-right:.25em;"></span>'
-                   . __('Dismiss', 'event_espresso')
-                   . '
+				   . __('Dismiss', 'event_espresso')
+				   . '
 				</a>
 				<div style="clear:both;"></div>
 			</div>';
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get_persistent_admin_notices
-     *
-     * @param string $return_url
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function get_persistent_admin_notices($return_url = '')
-    {
-        $notices = '';
-        // check for persistent admin notices
-        //filter the list though so plugins can notify the admin in a different way if they want
-        $persistent_admin_notices = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Error__get_persistent_admin_notices',
-            get_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', false),
-            'ee_pers_admin_notices',
-            $return_url
-        );
-        if ($persistent_admin_notices) {
-            // load scripts
-            wp_register_script(
-                'espresso_core',
-                EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/espresso_core.js',
-                array('jquery'),
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-                true
-            );
-            wp_register_script(
-                'ee_error_js',
-                EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/EE_Error.js',
-                array('espresso_core'),
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-                true
-            );
-            wp_enqueue_script('ee_error_js');
-            // and display notices
-            foreach ($persistent_admin_notices as $pan_name => $pan_message) {
-                $notices .= self::display_persistent_admin_notices($pan_name, $pan_message, $return_url);
-            }
-        }
-        return $notices;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * _print_scripts
-     *
-     * @param    bool $force_print
-     * @return    string
-     */
-    private static function _print_scripts($force_print = false)
-    {
-        if (! $force_print && (did_action('admin_enqueue_scripts') || did_action('wp_enqueue_scripts'))) {
-            if (wp_script_is('ee_error_js', 'enqueued')) {
-                return '';
-            }
-            if (wp_script_is('ee_error_js', 'registered')) {
-                wp_enqueue_style('espresso_default');
-                wp_enqueue_style('espresso_custom_css');
-                wp_enqueue_script('ee_error_js');
-                wp_localize_script('ee_error_js', 'ee_settings', array('wp_debug' => WP_DEBUG));
-            }
-        } else {
-            return '
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get_persistent_admin_notices
+	 *
+	 * @param string $return_url
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function get_persistent_admin_notices($return_url = '')
+	{
+		$notices = '';
+		// check for persistent admin notices
+		//filter the list though so plugins can notify the admin in a different way if they want
+		$persistent_admin_notices = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Error__get_persistent_admin_notices',
+			get_option('ee_pers_admin_notices', false),
+			'ee_pers_admin_notices',
+			$return_url
+		);
+		if ($persistent_admin_notices) {
+			// load scripts
+			wp_register_script(
+				'espresso_core',
+				EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/espresso_core.js',
+				array('jquery'),
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+				true
+			);
+			wp_register_script(
+				'ee_error_js',
+				EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/EE_Error.js',
+				array('espresso_core'),
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+				true
+			);
+			wp_enqueue_script('ee_error_js');
+			// and display notices
+			foreach ($persistent_admin_notices as $pan_name => $pan_message) {
+				$notices .= self::display_persistent_admin_notices($pan_name, $pan_message, $return_url);
+			}
+		}
+		return $notices;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _print_scripts
+	 *
+	 * @param    bool $force_print
+	 * @return    string
+	 */
+	private static function _print_scripts($force_print = false)
+	{
+		if (! $force_print && (did_action('admin_enqueue_scripts') || did_action('wp_enqueue_scripts'))) {
+			if (wp_script_is('ee_error_js', 'enqueued')) {
+				return '';
+			}
+			if (wp_script_is('ee_error_js', 'registered')) {
+				wp_enqueue_style('espresso_default');
+				wp_enqueue_style('espresso_custom_css');
+				wp_enqueue_script('ee_error_js');
+				wp_localize_script('ee_error_js', 'ee_settings', array('wp_debug' => WP_DEBUG));
+			}
+		} else {
+			return '
 <script>
 /* <![CDATA[ */
 var ee_settings = {"wp_debug":"' . WP_DEBUG . '"};
@@ -1069,143 +1069,143 @@ 
 <script src="' . EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/espresso_core.js' . '?ver=' . espresso_version() . '" type="text/javascript"></script>
 <script src="' . EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/EE_Error.js' . '?ver=' . espresso_version() . '" type="text/javascript"></script>
 ';
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    enqueue_error_scripts
-     *
-     * @return        void
-     */
-    public static function enqueue_error_scripts()
-    {
-        self::_print_scripts();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    create error code from filepath, function name,
-     *    and line number where exception or error was thrown
-     *
-     * @param string $file
-     * @param string $func
-     * @param string $line
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function generate_error_code($file = '', $func = '', $line = '')
-    {
-        $file = explode('.', basename($file));
-        $error_code = ! empty($file[0]) ? $file[0] : '';
-        $error_code .= ! empty($func) ? ' - ' . $func : '';
-        $error_code .= ! empty($line) ? ' - ' . $line : '';
-        return $error_code;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *    write exception details to log file
-     *
-     * @param int   $time
-     * @param array $ex
-     * @param bool  $clear
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function write_to_error_log($time = 0, $ex = array(), $clear = false)
-    {
-        if (empty($ex)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (! $time) {
-            $time = time();
-        }
-        $exception_log = '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
-                         . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= '[' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $time) . ']  Exception Details' . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= 'Message: ' . $ex['msg'] . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= 'Code: ' . $ex['code'] . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= 'File: ' . $ex['file'] . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= 'Line No: ' . $ex['line'] . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= 'Stack trace: ' . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= $ex['string'] . PHP_EOL;
-        $exception_log .= '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
-                          . PHP_EOL;
-        try {
-            EEH_File::ensure_file_exists_and_is_writable(
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs' . DS . self::$_exception_log_file
-            );
-            EEH_File::add_htaccess_deny_from_all(EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs');
-            if (! $clear) {
-                //get existing log file and append new log info
-                $exception_log = EEH_File::get_file_contents(
-                    EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs' . DS . self::$_exception_log_file
-                ) . $exception_log;
-            }
-            EEH_File::write_to_file(
-                EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs' . DS . self::$_exception_log_file,
-                $exception_log
-            );
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(__('Event Espresso error logging could not be setup because: %s',
-                'event_espresso'), $e->getMessage()));
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is just a wrapper for the EEH_Debug_Tools::instance()->doing_it_wrong() method.
-     * doing_it_wrong() is used in those cases where a normal PHP error won't get thrown,
-     * but the code execution is done in a manner that could lead to unexpected results
-     * (i.e. running to early, or too late in WP or EE loading process).
-     * A good test for knowing whether to use this method is:
-     * 1. Is there going to be a PHP error if something isn't setup/used correctly?
-     * Yes -> use EE_Error::add_error() or throw new EE_Error()
-     * 2. If this is loaded before something else, it won't break anything,
-     * but just wont' do what its supposed to do? Yes -> use EE_Error::doing_it_wrong()
-     *
-     * @uses   constant WP_DEBUG test if wp_debug is on or not
-     * @param string $function      The function that was called
-     * @param string $message       A message explaining what has been done incorrectly
-     * @param string $version       The version of Event Espresso where the error was added
-     * @param string $applies_when  a version string for when you want the doing_it_wrong notice to begin appearing
-     *                              for a deprecated function. This allows deprecation to occur during one version,
-     *                              but not have any notices appear until a later version. This allows developers
-     *                              extra time to update their code before notices appear.
-     * @param int    $error_type
-     */
-    public static function doing_it_wrong(
-        $function,
-        $message,
-        $version,
-        $applies_when = '',
-        $error_type = null
-    ) {
-        if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
-            EEH_Debug_Tools::instance()->doing_it_wrong($function, $message, $version, $applies_when, $error_type);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Like get_notices, but returns an array of all the notices of the given type.
-     *
-     * @return array {
-     * @type array $success   all the success messages
-     * @type array $errors    all the error messages
-     * @type array $attention all the attention messages
-     * }
-     */
-    public static function get_raw_notices()
-    {
-        return self::$_espresso_notices;
-    }
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    enqueue_error_scripts
+	 *
+	 * @return        void
+	 */
+	public static function enqueue_error_scripts()
+	{
+		self::_print_scripts();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    create error code from filepath, function name,
+	 *    and line number where exception or error was thrown
+	 *
+	 * @param string $file
+	 * @param string $func
+	 * @param string $line
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function generate_error_code($file = '', $func = '', $line = '')
+	{
+		$file = explode('.', basename($file));
+		$error_code = ! empty($file[0]) ? $file[0] : '';
+		$error_code .= ! empty($func) ? ' - ' . $func : '';
+		$error_code .= ! empty($line) ? ' - ' . $line : '';
+		return $error_code;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    write exception details to log file
+	 *
+	 * @param int   $time
+	 * @param array $ex
+	 * @param bool  $clear
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function write_to_error_log($time = 0, $ex = array(), $clear = false)
+	{
+		if (empty($ex)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		if (! $time) {
+			$time = time();
+		}
+		$exception_log = '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
+						 . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= '[' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $time) . ']  Exception Details' . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= 'Message: ' . $ex['msg'] . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= 'Code: ' . $ex['code'] . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= 'File: ' . $ex['file'] . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= 'Line No: ' . $ex['line'] . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= 'Stack trace: ' . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= $ex['string'] . PHP_EOL;
+		$exception_log .= '----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'
+						  . PHP_EOL;
+		try {
+			EEH_File::ensure_file_exists_and_is_writable(
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs' . DS . self::$_exception_log_file
+			);
+			EEH_File::add_htaccess_deny_from_all(EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs');
+			if (! $clear) {
+				//get existing log file and append new log info
+				$exception_log = EEH_File::get_file_contents(
+					EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs' . DS . self::$_exception_log_file
+				) . $exception_log;
+			}
+			EEH_File::write_to_file(
+				EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'logs' . DS . self::$_exception_log_file,
+				$exception_log
+			);
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(__('Event Espresso error logging could not be setup because: %s',
+				'event_espresso'), $e->getMessage()));
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is just a wrapper for the EEH_Debug_Tools::instance()->doing_it_wrong() method.
+	 * doing_it_wrong() is used in those cases where a normal PHP error won't get thrown,
+	 * but the code execution is done in a manner that could lead to unexpected results
+	 * (i.e. running to early, or too late in WP or EE loading process).
+	 * A good test for knowing whether to use this method is:
+	 * 1. Is there going to be a PHP error if something isn't setup/used correctly?
+	 * Yes -> use EE_Error::add_error() or throw new EE_Error()
+	 * 2. If this is loaded before something else, it won't break anything,
+	 * but just wont' do what its supposed to do? Yes -> use EE_Error::doing_it_wrong()
+	 *
+	 * @uses   constant WP_DEBUG test if wp_debug is on or not
+	 * @param string $function      The function that was called
+	 * @param string $message       A message explaining what has been done incorrectly
+	 * @param string $version       The version of Event Espresso where the error was added
+	 * @param string $applies_when  a version string for when you want the doing_it_wrong notice to begin appearing
+	 *                              for a deprecated function. This allows deprecation to occur during one version,
+	 *                              but not have any notices appear until a later version. This allows developers
+	 *                              extra time to update their code before notices appear.
+	 * @param int    $error_type
+	 */
+	public static function doing_it_wrong(
+		$function,
+		$message,
+		$version,
+		$applies_when = '',
+		$error_type = null
+	) {
+		if (defined('WP_DEBUG') && WP_DEBUG) {
+			EEH_Debug_Tools::instance()->doing_it_wrong($function, $message, $version, $applies_when, $error_type);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Like get_notices, but returns an array of all the notices of the given type.
+	 *
+	 * @return array {
+	 * @type array $success   all the success messages
+	 * @type array $errors    all the error messages
+	 * @type array $attention all the attention messages
+	 * }
+	 */
+	public static function get_raw_notices()
+	{
+		return self::$_espresso_notices;
+	}
 
 
 
@@ -1221,27 +1221,27 @@ 
  */
 function espresso_error_enqueue_scripts()
 {
-    // js for error handling
-    wp_register_script(
-        'espresso_core',
-        EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/espresso_core.js',
-        array('jquery'),
-        EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-        false
-    );
-    wp_register_script(
-        'ee_error_js',
-        EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/EE_Error.js',
-        array('espresso_core'),
-        EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-        false
-    );
+	// js for error handling
+	wp_register_script(
+		'espresso_core',
+		EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/espresso_core.js',
+		array('jquery'),
+		EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+		false
+	);
+	wp_register_script(
+		'ee_error_js',
+		EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/EE_Error.js',
+		array('espresso_core'),
+		EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+		false
+	);
 }
 
 if (is_admin()) {
-    add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', 'espresso_error_enqueue_scripts', 2);
+	add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', 'espresso_error_enqueue_scripts', 2);
 } else {
-    add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'espresso_error_enqueue_scripts', 2);
+	add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'espresso_error_enqueue_scripts', 2);
 }
 
 

core/admin/EE_Admin_Page_CPT.core.php

Indentation +1417 added lines, -1417 removed lines

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 
 <?php if ( ! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
-    exit('No direct script access allowed');
+	exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -24,470 +24,470 @@ 
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     * This gets set in _setup_cpt
-     * It will contain the object for the custom post type.
-     *
-     * @var EE_CPT_Base
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_object;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * a boolean flag to set whether the current route is a cpt route or not.
-     *
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_route = false;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This property allows cpt classes to define multiple routes as cpt routes.
-     * //in this array we define what the custom post type for this route is.
-     * array(
-     * 'route_name' => 'custom_post_type_slug'
-     * )
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_routes = array();
-
+	/**
+	 * This gets set in _setup_cpt
+	 * It will contain the object for the custom post type.
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_object;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * a boolean flag to set whether the current route is a cpt route or not.
+	 *
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_route = false;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This property allows cpt classes to define multiple routes as cpt routes.
+	 * //in this array we define what the custom post type for this route is.
+	 * array(
+	 * 'route_name' => 'custom_post_type_slug'
+	 * )
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_routes = array();
+
 
 
-    /**
-     * This simply defines what the corresponding routes WP will be redirected to after completing a post save/update.
-     * in this format:
-     * array(
-     * 'post_type_slug' => 'edit_route'
-     * )
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_edit_routes = array();
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * If child classes set the name of their main model via the $_cpt_obj_models property, EE_Admin_Page_CPT will
-     * attempt to retrieve the related object model for the edit pages and assign it to _cpt_page_object. the
-     * _cpt_model_names property should be in the following format: array(
-     * 'route_defined_by_action_param' => 'Model_Name')
-     *
-     * @var array $_cpt_model_names
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_model_names = array();
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_CPT_Base
-     */
-    protected $_cpt_model_obj = false;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will hold an array of autosave containers that will be used to obtain input values and hook into the WP
-     * autosave so we can save our inputs on the save_post hook!  Children classes should add to this array by using
-     * the _register_autosave_containers() method so that we don't override any other containers already registered.
-     * Registration of containers should be done before load_page_dependencies() is run.
-     *
-     * @var array()
-     */
-    protected $_autosave_containers = array();
-    protected $_autosave_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Array mapping from admin actions to their equivalent wp core pages for custom post types. So when a user visits
-     * a page for an action, it will appear as if they were visiting the wp core page for that custom post type
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_pagenow_map;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('save_post') hook and runs after the custom post type has been
-     * saved.  Child classes are required to declare this method.  Typically you would use this to save any additional
-     * data. Keep in mind also that "save_post" runs on EVERY post update to the database. ALSO very important.  When a
-     * post transitions from scheduled to published, the save_post action is fired but you will NOT have any _POST data
-     * containing any extra info you may have from other meta saves.  So MAKE sure that you handle this accordingly.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @abstract
-     * @param  string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was saved (so you can link relationally)
-     * @param  EE_CPT_Base $post    The post object of the cpt that was saved.
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract protected function _insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('trashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been trashed.
-     *
-     * @abstract
-     * @access public
-     * @param  string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was trashed
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract public function trash_cpt_item($post_id);
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('untrashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been untrashed
-     *
-     * @param  string $post_id theID of the cpt that was untrashed
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract public function restore_cpt_item($post_id);
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('delete_cpt_item') hook and runs after a cpt has been fully deleted
-     * from the db
-     *
-     * @param  string $post_id the ID of the cpt that was deleted
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract public function delete_cpt_item($post_id);
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just utilizing the method EE_Admin exposes for doing things before page setup.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _before_page_setup()
-    {
-        $page = isset($this->_req_data['page']) ? $this->_req_data['page'] : $this->page_slug;
-        $this->_cpt_routes = array_merge(array(
-            'create_new' => $this->page_slug,
-            'edit'       => $this->page_slug,
-            'trash'      => $this->page_slug,
-        ), $this->_cpt_routes);
-        //let's see if the current route has a value for cpt_object_slug if it does we use that instead of the page
-        $this->_cpt_object = isset($this->_req_data['action']) && isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
-            ? get_post_type_object($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
-            : get_post_type_object($page);
-        //tweak pagenow for page loading.
-        if ( ! $this->_pagenow_map) {
-            $this->_pagenow_map = array(
-                'create_new' => 'post-new.php',
-                'edit'       => 'post.php',
-                'trash'      => 'post.php',
-            );
-        }
-        add_action('current_screen', array($this, 'modify_pagenow'));
-        //TODO the below will need to be reworked to account for the cpt routes that are NOT based off of page but action param.
-        //get current page from autosave
-        $current_page = isset($this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data']['ee-cpt-hidden-inputs']['current_page'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data']['ee-cpt-hidden-inputs']['current_page']
-            : null;
-        $this->_current_page = isset($this->_req_data['current_page'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['current_page']
-            : $current_page;
-        //autosave... make sure its only for the correct page
-        //if ( ! empty($this->_current_page) && $this->_current_page == $this->page_slug) {
-            //setup autosave ajax hook
-            //add_action('wp_ajax_ee-autosave', array( $this, 'do_extra_autosave_stuff' ), 10 ); //TODO reactivate when 4.2 autosave is implemented
-        //}
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Simply ensure that we simulate the correct post route for cpt screens
-     *
-     * @param WP_Screen $current_screen
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function modify_pagenow($current_screen)
-    {
-        global $pagenow, $hook_suffix;
-        //possibly reset pagenow.
-        if ( ! empty($this->_req_data['page'])
-             && $this->_req_data['page'] == $this->page_slug
-             && ! empty($this->_req_data['action'])
-             && isset($this->_pagenow_map[$this->_req_data['action']])
-        ) {
-            $pagenow = $this->_pagenow_map[$this->_req_data['action']];
-            $hook_suffix = $pagenow;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method is used to register additional autosave containers to the _autosave_containers property.
-     *
-     * @todo We should automate this at some point by creating a wrapper for add_post_metabox and in our wrapper we
-     *       automatically register the id for the post metabox as a container.
-     * @param  array $ids an array of ids for containers that hold form inputs we want autosave to pickup.  Typically
-     *                    you would send along the id of a metabox container.
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _register_autosave_containers($ids)
-    {
-        $this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_fields, (array)$ids);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Something nifty.  We're going to loop through all the registered metaboxes and if the CALLBACK is an instance of
-     * EE_Admin_Page OR EE_Admin_Hooks, then we'll add the id to our _autosave_containers array.
-     */
-    protected function _set_autosave_containers()
-    {
-        global $wp_meta_boxes;
-        $containers = array();
-        if (empty($wp_meta_boxes)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $current_metaboxes = isset($wp_meta_boxes[$this->page_slug]) ? $wp_meta_boxes[$this->page_slug] : array();
-        foreach ($current_metaboxes as $box_context) {
-            foreach ($box_context as $box_details) {
-                foreach ($box_details as $box) {
-                    if (
-                        is_array($box['callback'])
-                        && (
-                            $box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Page
-                            || $box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Hooks
-                        )
-                    ) {
-                        $containers[] = $box['id'];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_containers, $containers);
-        //add hidden inputs container
-        $this->_autosave_containers[] = 'ee-cpt-hidden-inputs';
-    }
-
-
-
-    protected function _load_autosave_scripts_styles()
-    {
-        /*wp_register_script('cpt-autosave', EE_ADMIN_URL . 'assets/ee-cpt-autosave.js', array('ee-serialize-full-array', 'event_editor_js'), EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, TRUE );
+	/**
+	 * This simply defines what the corresponding routes WP will be redirected to after completing a post save/update.
+	 * in this format:
+	 * array(
+	 * 'post_type_slug' => 'edit_route'
+	 * )
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_edit_routes = array();
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If child classes set the name of their main model via the $_cpt_obj_models property, EE_Admin_Page_CPT will
+	 * attempt to retrieve the related object model for the edit pages and assign it to _cpt_page_object. the
+	 * _cpt_model_names property should be in the following format: array(
+	 * 'route_defined_by_action_param' => 'Model_Name')
+	 *
+	 * @var array $_cpt_model_names
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_model_names = array();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_cpt_model_obj = false;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will hold an array of autosave containers that will be used to obtain input values and hook into the WP
+	 * autosave so we can save our inputs on the save_post hook!  Children classes should add to this array by using
+	 * the _register_autosave_containers() method so that we don't override any other containers already registered.
+	 * Registration of containers should be done before load_page_dependencies() is run.
+	 *
+	 * @var array()
+	 */
+	protected $_autosave_containers = array();
+	protected $_autosave_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Array mapping from admin actions to their equivalent wp core pages for custom post types. So when a user visits
+	 * a page for an action, it will appear as if they were visiting the wp core page for that custom post type
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_pagenow_map;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('save_post') hook and runs after the custom post type has been
+	 * saved.  Child classes are required to declare this method.  Typically you would use this to save any additional
+	 * data. Keep in mind also that "save_post" runs on EVERY post update to the database. ALSO very important.  When a
+	 * post transitions from scheduled to published, the save_post action is fired but you will NOT have any _POST data
+	 * containing any extra info you may have from other meta saves.  So MAKE sure that you handle this accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @abstract
+	 * @param  string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was saved (so you can link relationally)
+	 * @param  EE_CPT_Base $post    The post object of the cpt that was saved.
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract protected function _insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('trashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been trashed.
+	 *
+	 * @abstract
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param  string $post_id The ID of the cpt that was trashed
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract public function trash_cpt_item($post_id);
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('untrashed_post') hook and runs after a cpt has been untrashed
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $post_id theID of the cpt that was untrashed
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract public function restore_cpt_item($post_id);
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is hooked into the WordPress do_action('delete_cpt_item') hook and runs after a cpt has been fully deleted
+	 * from the db
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $post_id the ID of the cpt that was deleted
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract public function delete_cpt_item($post_id);
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just utilizing the method EE_Admin exposes for doing things before page setup.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _before_page_setup()
+	{
+		$page = isset($this->_req_data['page']) ? $this->_req_data['page'] : $this->page_slug;
+		$this->_cpt_routes = array_merge(array(
+			'create_new' => $this->page_slug,
+			'edit'       => $this->page_slug,
+			'trash'      => $this->page_slug,
+		), $this->_cpt_routes);
+		//let's see if the current route has a value for cpt_object_slug if it does we use that instead of the page
+		$this->_cpt_object = isset($this->_req_data['action']) && isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+			? get_post_type_object($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+			: get_post_type_object($page);
+		//tweak pagenow for page loading.
+		if ( ! $this->_pagenow_map) {
+			$this->_pagenow_map = array(
+				'create_new' => 'post-new.php',
+				'edit'       => 'post.php',
+				'trash'      => 'post.php',
+			);
+		}
+		add_action('current_screen', array($this, 'modify_pagenow'));
+		//TODO the below will need to be reworked to account for the cpt routes that are NOT based off of page but action param.
+		//get current page from autosave
+		$current_page = isset($this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data']['ee-cpt-hidden-inputs']['current_page'])
+			? $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data']['ee-cpt-hidden-inputs']['current_page']
+			: null;
+		$this->_current_page = isset($this->_req_data['current_page'])
+			? $this->_req_data['current_page']
+			: $current_page;
+		//autosave... make sure its only for the correct page
+		//if ( ! empty($this->_current_page) && $this->_current_page == $this->page_slug) {
+			//setup autosave ajax hook
+			//add_action('wp_ajax_ee-autosave', array( $this, 'do_extra_autosave_stuff' ), 10 ); //TODO reactivate when 4.2 autosave is implemented
+		//}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Simply ensure that we simulate the correct post route for cpt screens
+	 *
+	 * @param WP_Screen $current_screen
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function modify_pagenow($current_screen)
+	{
+		global $pagenow, $hook_suffix;
+		//possibly reset pagenow.
+		if ( ! empty($this->_req_data['page'])
+			 && $this->_req_data['page'] == $this->page_slug
+			 && ! empty($this->_req_data['action'])
+			 && isset($this->_pagenow_map[$this->_req_data['action']])
+		) {
+			$pagenow = $this->_pagenow_map[$this->_req_data['action']];
+			$hook_suffix = $pagenow;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method is used to register additional autosave containers to the _autosave_containers property.
+	 *
+	 * @todo We should automate this at some point by creating a wrapper for add_post_metabox and in our wrapper we
+	 *       automatically register the id for the post metabox as a container.
+	 * @param  array $ids an array of ids for containers that hold form inputs we want autosave to pickup.  Typically
+	 *                    you would send along the id of a metabox container.
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _register_autosave_containers($ids)
+	{
+		$this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_fields, (array)$ids);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Something nifty.  We're going to loop through all the registered metaboxes and if the CALLBACK is an instance of
+	 * EE_Admin_Page OR EE_Admin_Hooks, then we'll add the id to our _autosave_containers array.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_autosave_containers()
+	{
+		global $wp_meta_boxes;
+		$containers = array();
+		if (empty($wp_meta_boxes)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$current_metaboxes = isset($wp_meta_boxes[$this->page_slug]) ? $wp_meta_boxes[$this->page_slug] : array();
+		foreach ($current_metaboxes as $box_context) {
+			foreach ($box_context as $box_details) {
+				foreach ($box_details as $box) {
+					if (
+						is_array($box['callback'])
+						&& (
+							$box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Page
+							|| $box['callback'][0] instanceof EE_Admin_Hooks
+						)
+					) {
+						$containers[] = $box['id'];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_containers, $containers);
+		//add hidden inputs container
+		$this->_autosave_containers[] = 'ee-cpt-hidden-inputs';
+	}
+
+
+
+	protected function _load_autosave_scripts_styles()
+	{
+		/*wp_register_script('cpt-autosave', EE_ADMIN_URL . 'assets/ee-cpt-autosave.js', array('ee-serialize-full-array', 'event_editor_js'), EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, TRUE );
         wp_enqueue_script('cpt-autosave');/**/ //todo re-enable when we start doing autosave again in 4.2
 
-        //filter _autosave_containers
-        $containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
-            $this->_autosave_containers, $this);
-        $containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__' . get_class($this) . '___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
-            $containers, $this);
-
-        wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'EE_AUTOSAVE_IDS',
-            $containers); //todo once we enable autosaves, this needs to be switched to localize with "cpt-autosave"
-
-        $unsaved_data_msg = array(
-            'eventmsg'     => sprintf(__("The changes you made to this %s will be lost if you navigate away from this page.",
-                'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
-            'inputChanged' => 0,
-        );
-        wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'UNSAVED_DATA_MSG', $unsaved_data_msg);
-    }
-
-
-
-    public function load_page_dependencies()
-    {
-        try {
-            $this->_load_page_dependencies();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            $e->get_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * overloading the EE_Admin_Page parent load_page_dependencies so we can get the cpt stuff added in appropriately
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _load_page_dependencies()
-    {
-        //we only add stuff if this is a cpt_route!
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_route) {
-            parent::_load_page_dependencies();
-            return;
-        }
-        // now let's do some automatic filters into the wp_system
-        // and we'll check to make sure the CHILD class
-        // automatically has the required methods in place.
-        // the following filters are for setting all the redirects
-        // on DEFAULT WP custom post type actions
-        // let's add a hidden input to the post-edit form
-        // so we know when we have to trigger our custom redirects!
-        // Otherwise the redirects will happen on ALL post saves which wouldn't be good of course!
-        add_action('edit_form_after_title', array($this, 'cpt_post_form_hidden_input'));
-        // inject our Admin page nav tabs...
-        // let's make sure the nav tabs are set if they aren't already
-        // if ( empty( $this->_nav_tabs ) ) $this->_set_nav_tabs();
-        add_action('post_edit_form_tag', array($this, 'inject_nav_tabs'));
-        // modify the post_updated messages array
-        add_action('post_updated_messages', array($this, 'post_update_messages'), 10);
-        // add shortlink button to cpt edit screens.  We can do this as a universal thing BECAUSE,
-        // cpts use the same format for shortlinks as posts!
-        add_filter('pre_get_shortlink', array($this, 'add_shortlink_button_to_editor'), 10, 4);
-        // This basically allows us to change the title of the "publish" metabox area
-        // on CPT pages by setting a 'publishbox' value in the $_labels property array in the child class.
-        if ( ! empty($this->_labels['publishbox'])) {
-            $box_label = is_array($this->_labels['publishbox'])
-                         && isset($this->_labels['publishbox'][$this->_req_action])
-                    ? $this->_labels['publishbox'][$this->_req_action]
-                    : $this->_labels['publishbox'];
-            add_meta_box(
-                'submitdiv',
-                $box_label,
-                'post_submit_meta_box',
-                $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action],
-                'side',
-                'core'
-            );
-        }
-        //let's add page_templates metabox if this cpt added support for it.
-        if ($this->_supports_page_templates($this->_cpt_object->name)) {
-            add_meta_box(
-                'page_templates',
-                __('Page Template', 'event_espresso'),
-                array($this, 'page_template_meta_box'),
-                $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action],
-                'side',
-                'default'
-            );
-        }
-        //this is a filter that allows the addition of extra html after the permalink field on the wp post edit-form
-        if (method_exists($this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons')) {
-            add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', array($this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons'), 10, 4);
-        }
-        //add preview button
-        add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', array($this, 'preview_button_html'), 5, 4);
-        //insert our own post_stati dropdown
-        add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', array($this, 'custom_post_stati_dropdown'), 10);
-        //This allows adding additional information to the publish post submitbox on the wp post edit form
-        if (method_exists($this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box')) {
-            add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', array($this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box'), 10);
-        }
-        // This allows for adding additional stuff after the title field on the wp post edit form.
-        // This is also before the wp_editor for post description field.
-        if (method_exists($this, 'edit_form_after_title')) {
-            add_action('edit_form_after_title', array($this, 'edit_form_after_title'), 10);
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filtering WP's esc_url to capture urls pointing to core wp routes so they point to our route.
-         */
-        add_filter('clean_url', array($this, 'switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours'), 10, 3);
-        parent::_load_page_dependencies();
-        // notice we are ALSO going to load the pagenow hook set for this route
-        // (see _before_page_setup for the reset of the pagenow global ).
-        // This is for any plugins that are doing things properly
-        // and hooking into the load page hook for core wp cpt routes.
-        global $pagenow;
-        do_action('load-' . $pagenow);
-        $this->modify_current_screen();
-        add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', array($this, 'setup_autosave_hooks'), 30);
-        //we route REALLY early.
-        try {
-            $this->_route_admin_request();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            $e->get_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Since we don't want users going to default core wp routes, this will check any wp urls run through the
-     * esc_url() method and if we see a url matching a pattern for our routes, we'll modify it to point to OUR
-     * route instead.
-     *
-     * @param string $good_protocol_url The escaped url.
-     * @param string $original_url      The original url.
-     * @param string $_context          The context sent to the esc_url method.
-     * @return string possibly a new url for our route.
-     */
-    public function switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours($good_protocol_url, $original_url, $_context)
-    {
-        $routes_to_match = array(
-            0 => array(
-                'edit.php?post_type=espresso_attendees',
-                'admin.php?page=espresso_registrations&action=contact_list',
-            ),
-            1 => array(
-                'edit.php?post_type=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
-                'admin.php?page=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
-            ),
-        );
-        foreach ($routes_to_match as $route_matches) {
-            if (strpos($good_protocol_url, $route_matches[0]) !== false) {
-                return str_replace($route_matches[0], $route_matches[1], $good_protocol_url);
-            }
-        }
-        return $good_protocol_url;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determine whether the current cpt supports page templates or not.
-     *
-     * @since %VER%
-     * @param string $cpt_name The cpt slug we're checking on.
-     * @return bool True supported, false not.
-     */
-    private function _supports_page_templates($cpt_name)
-    {
-
-        $cpt_args = EE_Register_CPTs::get_CPTs();
-        $cpt_args = isset($cpt_args[$cpt_name]) ? $cpt_args[$cpt_name]['args'] : array();
-        $cpt_has_support = ! empty($cpt_args['page_templates']);
-
-        //if the installed version of WP is > 4.7 we do some additional checks.
-        if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7','>=')) {
-            $post_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_post_templates();
-            //if there are $post_templates for this cpt, then we return false for this method because
-            //that means we aren't going to load our page template manager and leave that up to the native
-            //cpt template manager.
-            $cpt_has_support = ! isset($post_templates[$cpt_name]) ? $cpt_has_support : false;
-        }
-
-        return $cpt_has_support;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the page_templates metabox selector.
-     *
-     * @since %VER%
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function page_template_meta_box()
-    {
-        global $post;
-        $template = '';
-
-        if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7','>=')) {
-            $page_template_count = count(get_page_templates());
-        } else {
-            $page_template_count = count(get_page_templates($post));
-        };
-
-        if ($page_template_count) {
-            $page_template = get_post_meta($post->ID, '_wp_page_template', true);
-            $template      = ! empty($page_template) ? $page_template : '';
-        }
-        ?>
+		//filter _autosave_containers
+		$containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
+			$this->_autosave_containers, $this);
+		$containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__' . get_class($this) . '___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
+			$containers, $this);
+
+		wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'EE_AUTOSAVE_IDS',
+			$containers); //todo once we enable autosaves, this needs to be switched to localize with "cpt-autosave"
+
+		$unsaved_data_msg = array(
+			'eventmsg'     => sprintf(__("The changes you made to this %s will be lost if you navigate away from this page.",
+				'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
+			'inputChanged' => 0,
+		);
+		wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'UNSAVED_DATA_MSG', $unsaved_data_msg);
+	}
+
+
+
+	public function load_page_dependencies()
+	{
+		try {
+			$this->_load_page_dependencies();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			$e->get_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * overloading the EE_Admin_Page parent load_page_dependencies so we can get the cpt stuff added in appropriately
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _load_page_dependencies()
+	{
+		//we only add stuff if this is a cpt_route!
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_route) {
+			parent::_load_page_dependencies();
+			return;
+		}
+		// now let's do some automatic filters into the wp_system
+		// and we'll check to make sure the CHILD class
+		// automatically has the required methods in place.
+		// the following filters are for setting all the redirects
+		// on DEFAULT WP custom post type actions
+		// let's add a hidden input to the post-edit form
+		// so we know when we have to trigger our custom redirects!
+		// Otherwise the redirects will happen on ALL post saves which wouldn't be good of course!
+		add_action('edit_form_after_title', array($this, 'cpt_post_form_hidden_input'));
+		// inject our Admin page nav tabs...
+		// let's make sure the nav tabs are set if they aren't already
+		// if ( empty( $this->_nav_tabs ) ) $this->_set_nav_tabs();
+		add_action('post_edit_form_tag', array($this, 'inject_nav_tabs'));
+		// modify the post_updated messages array
+		add_action('post_updated_messages', array($this, 'post_update_messages'), 10);
+		// add shortlink button to cpt edit screens.  We can do this as a universal thing BECAUSE,
+		// cpts use the same format for shortlinks as posts!
+		add_filter('pre_get_shortlink', array($this, 'add_shortlink_button_to_editor'), 10, 4);
+		// This basically allows us to change the title of the "publish" metabox area
+		// on CPT pages by setting a 'publishbox' value in the $_labels property array in the child class.
+		if ( ! empty($this->_labels['publishbox'])) {
+			$box_label = is_array($this->_labels['publishbox'])
+						 && isset($this->_labels['publishbox'][$this->_req_action])
+					? $this->_labels['publishbox'][$this->_req_action]
+					: $this->_labels['publishbox'];
+			add_meta_box(
+				'submitdiv',
+				$box_label,
+				'post_submit_meta_box',
+				$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action],
+				'side',
+				'core'
+			);
+		}
+		//let's add page_templates metabox if this cpt added support for it.
+		if ($this->_supports_page_templates($this->_cpt_object->name)) {
+			add_meta_box(
+				'page_templates',
+				__('Page Template', 'event_espresso'),
+				array($this, 'page_template_meta_box'),
+				$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action],
+				'side',
+				'default'
+			);
+		}
+		//this is a filter that allows the addition of extra html after the permalink field on the wp post edit-form
+		if (method_exists($this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons')) {
+			add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', array($this, 'extra_permalink_field_buttons'), 10, 4);
+		}
+		//add preview button
+		add_filter('get_sample_permalink_html', array($this, 'preview_button_html'), 5, 4);
+		//insert our own post_stati dropdown
+		add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', array($this, 'custom_post_stati_dropdown'), 10);
+		//This allows adding additional information to the publish post submitbox on the wp post edit form
+		if (method_exists($this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box')) {
+			add_action('post_submitbox_misc_actions', array($this, 'extra_misc_actions_publish_box'), 10);
+		}
+		// This allows for adding additional stuff after the title field on the wp post edit form.
+		// This is also before the wp_editor for post description field.
+		if (method_exists($this, 'edit_form_after_title')) {
+			add_action('edit_form_after_title', array($this, 'edit_form_after_title'), 10);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filtering WP's esc_url to capture urls pointing to core wp routes so they point to our route.
+		 */
+		add_filter('clean_url', array($this, 'switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours'), 10, 3);
+		parent::_load_page_dependencies();
+		// notice we are ALSO going to load the pagenow hook set for this route
+		// (see _before_page_setup for the reset of the pagenow global ).
+		// This is for any plugins that are doing things properly
+		// and hooking into the load page hook for core wp cpt routes.
+		global $pagenow;
+		do_action('load-' . $pagenow);
+		$this->modify_current_screen();
+		add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', array($this, 'setup_autosave_hooks'), 30);
+		//we route REALLY early.
+		try {
+			$this->_route_admin_request();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			$e->get_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Since we don't want users going to default core wp routes, this will check any wp urls run through the
+	 * esc_url() method and if we see a url matching a pattern for our routes, we'll modify it to point to OUR
+	 * route instead.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $good_protocol_url The escaped url.
+	 * @param string $original_url      The original url.
+	 * @param string $_context          The context sent to the esc_url method.
+	 * @return string possibly a new url for our route.
+	 */
+	public function switch_core_wp_urls_with_ours($good_protocol_url, $original_url, $_context)
+	{
+		$routes_to_match = array(
+			0 => array(
+				'edit.php?post_type=espresso_attendees',
+				'admin.php?page=espresso_registrations&action=contact_list',
+			),
+			1 => array(
+				'edit.php?post_type=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
+				'admin.php?page=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
+			),
+		);
+		foreach ($routes_to_match as $route_matches) {
+			if (strpos($good_protocol_url, $route_matches[0]) !== false) {
+				return str_replace($route_matches[0], $route_matches[1], $good_protocol_url);
+			}
+		}
+		return $good_protocol_url;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine whether the current cpt supports page templates or not.
+	 *
+	 * @since %VER%
+	 * @param string $cpt_name The cpt slug we're checking on.
+	 * @return bool True supported, false not.
+	 */
+	private function _supports_page_templates($cpt_name)
+	{
+
+		$cpt_args = EE_Register_CPTs::get_CPTs();
+		$cpt_args = isset($cpt_args[$cpt_name]) ? $cpt_args[$cpt_name]['args'] : array();
+		$cpt_has_support = ! empty($cpt_args['page_templates']);
+
+		//if the installed version of WP is > 4.7 we do some additional checks.
+		if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7','>=')) {
+			$post_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_post_templates();
+			//if there are $post_templates for this cpt, then we return false for this method because
+			//that means we aren't going to load our page template manager and leave that up to the native
+			//cpt template manager.
+			$cpt_has_support = ! isset($post_templates[$cpt_name]) ? $cpt_has_support : false;
+		}
+
+		return $cpt_has_support;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the page_templates metabox selector.
+	 *
+	 * @since %VER%
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function page_template_meta_box()
+	{
+		global $post;
+		$template = '';
+
+		if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7','>=')) {
+			$page_template_count = count(get_page_templates());
+		} else {
+			$page_template_count = count(get_page_templates($post));
+		};
+
+		if ($page_template_count) {
+			$page_template = get_post_meta($post->ID, '_wp_page_template', true);
+			$template      = ! empty($page_template) ? $page_template : '';
+		}
+		?>
         <p><strong><?php _e('Template') ?></strong></p>
         <label class="screen-reader-text" for="page_template"><?php _e('Page Template') ?></label><select
             name="page_template" id="page_template">
@@ -495,450 +495,450 @@ 
         <?php page_template_dropdown($template); ?>
     </select>
         <?php
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * if this post is a draft or scheduled post then we provide a preview button for user to click
-     * Method is called from parent and is hooked into the wp 'get_sample_permalink_html' filter.
-     *
-     * @param  string $return    the current html
-     * @param  int    $id        the post id for the page
-     * @param  string $new_title What the title is
-     * @param  string $new_slug  what the slug is
-     * @return string            The new html string for the permalink area
-     */
-    public function preview_button_html($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
-    {
-        $post = get_post($id);
-        if ('publish' !== get_post_status($post)) {
-            //include shims for the `get_preview_post_link` function
-            require_once( EE_CORE . 'wordpress-shims.php' );
-            $return .= '<span_id="view-post-btn"><a target="_blank" href="'
-                       . get_preview_post_link($id)
-                       . '" class="button button-small">'
-                       . __('Preview', 'event_espresso')
-                       . '</a></span>'
-                       . "\n";
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * add our custom post stati dropdown on the wp post page for this cpt
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function custom_post_stati_dropdown()
-    {
-
-        $statuses         = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
-        $cur_status_label = array_key_exists($this->_cpt_model_obj->status(), $statuses)
-            ? $statuses[$this->_cpt_model_obj->status()]
-            : '';
-        $template_args    = array(
-            'cur_status'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->status(),
-            'statuses'              => $statuses,
-            'cur_status_label'      => $cur_status_label,
-            'localized_status_save' => sprintf(__('Save %s', 'event_espresso'), $cur_status_label),
-        );
-        //we'll add a trash post status (WP doesn't add one for some reason)
-        if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->status() === 'trash') {
-            $template_args['cur_status_label'] = __('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
-            $statuses['trash']                 = __('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
-            $template_args['statuses']         = $statuses;
-        }
-
-        $template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE . 'status_dropdown.template.php';
-        EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
-    }
-
-
-
-    public function setup_autosave_hooks()
-    {
-        $this->_set_autosave_containers();
-        $this->_load_autosave_scripts_styles();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is run on all WordPress autosaves AFTER the autosave is complete and sends along a $_POST object (available
-     * in $this->_req_data) containing: post_ID of the saved post autosavenonce for the saved post We'll do the check
-     * for the nonce in here, but then this method looks for two things:
-     * 1. Execute a method (if exists) matching 'ee_autosave_' and appended with the given route. OR
-     * 2. do_actions() for global or class specific actions that have been registered (for plugins/addons not in an
-     * EE_Admin_Page class. PLEASE NOTE: Data will be returned using the _return_json() object and so the
-     * $_template_args property should be used to hold the $data array.  We're expecting the following things set in
-     * template args.
-     *    1. $template_args['error'] = IF there is an error you can add the message in here.
-     *    2. $template_args['data']['items'] = an array of items that are setup in key index pairs of 'where_values_go'
-     *    => 'values_to_add'.  In other words, for the datetime metabox we'll have something like
-     *    $this->_template_args['data']['items'] = array(
-     *        'event-datetime-ids' => '1,2,3';
-     *    );
-     *    Keep in mind the following things:
-     *    - "where" index is for the input with the id as that string.
-     *    - "what" index is what will be used for the value of that input.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function do_extra_autosave_stuff()
-    {
-        //next let's check for the autosave nonce (we'll use _verify_nonce )
-        $nonce = isset($this->_req_data['autosavenonce'])
-                ? $this->_req_data['autosavenonce']
-                : null;
-        $this->_verify_nonce($nonce, 'autosave');
-        //make sure we define doing autosave (cause WP isn't triggering this we want to make sure we define it)
-        if ( ! defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE')) {
-            define('DOING_AUTOSAVE', true);
-        }
-        //if we made it here then the nonce checked out.  Let's run our methods and actions
-        $autosave = "_ee_autosave_{$this->_current_view}";
-        if (method_exists($this, $autosave)) {
-            $this->$autosave();
-        } else {
-            $this->_template_args['success'] = true;
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__global_after', $this);
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_' . get_class($this), $this);
-        //now let's return json
-        $this->_return_json();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting up default routes and pages that utilize the core WP admin pages.
-     * Child classes can override the defaults (in cases for adding metaboxes etc.)
-     * but take care that you include the defaults here otherwise your core WP admin pages for the cpt won't work!
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _extend_page_config_for_cpt()
-    {
-        //before doing anything we need to make sure this runs ONLY when the loaded page matches the set page_slug
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['page']) && $this->_req_data['page'] !== $this->page_slug) {
-            return;
-        }
-        //set page routes and page config but ONLY if we're not viewing a custom setup cpt route as defined in _cpt_routes
-        if ( ! empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
-            $this->_page_routes = array_merge(array(
-                'create_new' => '_create_new_cpt_item',
-                'edit'       => '_edit_cpt_item',
-            ), $this->_page_routes);
-            $this->_page_config = array_merge(array(
-                'create_new' => array(
-                    'nav'           => array(
-                        'label' => $this->_cpt_object->labels->add_new_item,
-                        'order' => 5,
-                    ),
-                    'require_nonce' => false,
-                ),
-                'edit'       => array(
-                    'nav'           => array(
-                        'label'      => $this->_cpt_object->labels->edit_item,
-                        'order'      => 5,
-                        'persistent' => false,
-                        'url'        => '',
-                    ),
-                    'require_nonce' => false,
-                ),
-            ),
-                $this->_page_config
-            );
-        }
-        //load the next section only if this is a matching cpt route as set in the cpt routes array.
-        if ( ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action])) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->_cpt_route = isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]) ? true : false;
-        //add_action('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page___load_page_dependencies__after_load', array( $this, 'modify_current_screen') );
-        if (empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
-            $msg = sprintf(__('This page has been set as being related to a registered custom post type, however, the custom post type object could not be retrieved. There are two possible reasons for this:  1. The "%s" does not match a registered post type. or 2. The custom post type is not registered for the "%s" action as indexed in the "$_cpt_routes" property on this class (%s).'),
-                $this->page_slug, $this->_req_action, get_class($this));
-            throw new EE_Error($msg);
-        }
-        if ($this->_cpt_route) {
-            $id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
-            $this->_set_model_object($id);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the _cpt_model_object property using what has been set for the _cpt_model_name and a given id.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param int  $id The id to retrieve the model object for. If empty we set a default object.
-     * @param bool $ignore_route_check
-     * @param string $req_type whether the current route is for inserting, updating, or deleting the CPT
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_model_object($id = null, $ignore_route_check = false, $req_type = '')
-    {
-        $model = null;
-        if (
-            empty($this->_cpt_model_names)
-            || (
-                ! $ignore_route_check
-                && ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action])
-            ) || (
-                $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
-                && $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() === $id
-            )
-        ) {
-            //get out cuz we either don't have a model name OR the object has already been set and it has the same id as what has been sent.
-            return;
-        }
-        //if ignore_route_check is true, then get the model name via EE_Register_CPTs
-        if ($ignore_route_check) {
-            $model_names = EE_Register_CPTs::get_cpt_model_names();
-            $post_type   = get_post_type($id);
-            if (isset($model_names[$post_type])) {
-                $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_names[$post_type]);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_cpt_model_names[$this->_req_action]);
-        }
-        if ($model instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj = ! empty($id) ? $model->get_one_by_ID($id) : $model->create_default_object();
-        }
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__set_model_object__after_set_object',
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj,
-            $req_type
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * admin_init_global
-     * This runs all the code that we want executed within the WP admin_init hook.
-     * This method executes for ALL EE Admin pages.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function admin_init_global()
-    {
-        $post = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? get_post($this->_req_data['post']) : null;
-        //its possible this is a new save so let's catch that instead
-        $post = isset($this->_req_data['post_ID']) ? get_post($this->_req_data['post_ID']) : $post;
-        $post_type = $post ? $post->post_type : false;
-        $current_route = isset($this->_req_data['current_route'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['current_route']
-            : 'shouldneverwork';
-        $route_to_check = $post_type && isset($this->_cpt_routes[$current_route])
-            ? $this->_cpt_routes[$current_route]
-            : '';
-        add_filter('get_delete_post_link', array($this, 'modify_delete_post_link'), 10, 3);
-        add_filter('get_edit_post_link', array($this, 'modify_edit_post_link'), 10, 3);
-        if ($post_type === $route_to_check) {
-            add_filter('redirect_post_location', array($this, 'cpt_post_location_redirect'), 10, 2);
-        }
-        //now let's filter redirect if we're on a revision page and the revision is for an event CPT.
-        $revision = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
-        if ( ! empty($revision)) {
-            $action = isset($this->_req_data['action']) ? $this->_req_data['action'] : null;
-            //doing a restore?
-            if ( ! empty($action) && $action === 'restore') {
-                //get post for revision
-                $rev_post = get_post($revision);
-                $rev_parent = get_post($rev_post->post_parent);
-                //only do our redirect filter AND our restore revision action if the post_type for the parent is one of our cpts.
-                if ($rev_parent && $rev_parent->post_type === $this->page_slug) {
-                    add_filter('wp_redirect', array($this, 'revision_redirect'), 10, 2);
-                    //restores of revisions
-                    add_action('wp_restore_post_revision', array($this, 'restore_revision'), 10, 2);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //NOTE we ONLY want to run these hooks if we're on the right class for the given post type.  Otherwise we could see some really freaky things happen!
-        if ($post_type && $post_type === $route_to_check) {
-            //$post_id, $post
-            add_action('save_post', array($this, 'insert_update'), 10, 3);
-            //$post_id
-            add_action('trashed_post', array($this, 'before_trash_cpt_item'), 10);
-            add_action('trashed_post', array($this, 'dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts'), 10);
-            add_action('untrashed_post', array($this, 'before_restore_cpt_item'), 10);
-            add_action('after_delete_post', array($this, 'before_delete_cpt_item'), 10);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the WordPress trashed_post hook.
-     * Execute some basic checks before calling the trash_cpt_item declared in the child class.
-     *
-     * @param int $post_id
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function before_trash_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'trash');
-        //if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->trash_cpt_item($post_id);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the WordPress untrashed_post hook.
-     * Execute some basic checks before calling the restore_cpt_method in the child class.
-     *
-     * @param $post_id
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function before_restore_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'restore');
-        //if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->restore_cpt_item($post_id);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the WordPress after_delete_post hook.
-     * Execute some basic checks before calling the delete_cpt_item method in the child class.
-     *
-     * @param $post_id
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function before_delete_cpt_item($post_id)
-    {
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'delete');
-        //if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->delete_cpt_item($post_id);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply verifies if the cpt_model_object is instantiated for the given page and throws an error message
-     * accordingly.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function verify_cpt_object()
-    {
-        $label = ! empty($this->_cpt_object) ? $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name : $this->page_label;
-        // verify event object
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('Something has gone wrong with the page load because we are unable to set up the object for the %1$s.  This usually happens when the given id for the page route is NOT for the correct custom post type for this page',
-                    'event_espresso'), $label));
-        }
-        //if auto-draft then throw an error
-        if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->get('status') === 'auto-draft') {
-            EE_Error::overwrite_errors();
-            EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(__('This %1$s was saved without a title, description, or excerpt which means that none of the extra details you added were saved properly.  All autodrafts will show up in the "draft" view of your event list table.  You can delete them from there. Please click the "Add %1$s" button to refresh and restart.'),
-                    $label), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * admin_footer_scripts_global
-     * Anything triggered by the 'admin_print_footer_scripts' WP hook should be put in here. This particular method
-     * will apply on ALL EE_Admin pages.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function admin_footer_scripts_global()
-    {
-        $this->_add_admin_page_ajax_loading_img();
-        $this->_add_admin_page_overlay();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * add in any global scripts for cpt routes
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function load_global_scripts_styles()
-    {
-        parent::load_global_scripts_styles();
-        if ($this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            //setup custom post status object for localize script but only if we've got a cpt object
-            $statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
-            if ( ! empty($statuses)) {
-                //get ALL statuses!
-                $statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_all_post_statuses();
-                //setup object
-                $ee_cpt_statuses = array();
-                foreach ($statuses as $status => $label) {
-                    $ee_cpt_statuses[$status] = array(
-                        'label'      => $label,
-                        'save_label' => sprintf(__('Save as %s', 'event_espresso'), $label),
-                    );
-                }
-                wp_localize_script('ee_admin_js', 'eeCPTstatuses', $ee_cpt_statuses);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is a wrapper for the insert/update routes for cpt items so we can add things that are common to ALL
-     * insert/updates
-     *
-     * @param  int     $post_id ID of post being updated
-     * @param  WP_Post $post    Post object from WP
-     * @param  bool    $update  Whether this is an update or a new save.
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function insert_update($post_id, $post, $update)
-    {
-        //make sure that if this is a revision OR trash action that we don't do any updates!
-        if (
-            isset($this->_req_data['action'])
-            && (
-                $this->_req_data['action'] === 'restore'
-                || $this->_req_data['action'] === 'trash'
-            )
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'insert_update');
-        //if our cpt object is not instantiated and its NOT the same post_id as what is triggering this callback, then exit.
-        if ($update
-            && (
-                ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
-                || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id
-            )
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        //check for autosave and update our req_data property accordingly.
-        /*if ( defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE && isset( $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data'] ) ) {
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * if this post is a draft or scheduled post then we provide a preview button for user to click
+	 * Method is called from parent and is hooked into the wp 'get_sample_permalink_html' filter.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $return    the current html
+	 * @param  int    $id        the post id for the page
+	 * @param  string $new_title What the title is
+	 * @param  string $new_slug  what the slug is
+	 * @return string            The new html string for the permalink area
+	 */
+	public function preview_button_html($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
+	{
+		$post = get_post($id);
+		if ('publish' !== get_post_status($post)) {
+			//include shims for the `get_preview_post_link` function
+			require_once( EE_CORE . 'wordpress-shims.php' );
+			$return .= '<span_id="view-post-btn"><a target="_blank" href="'
+					   . get_preview_post_link($id)
+					   . '" class="button button-small">'
+					   . __('Preview', 'event_espresso')
+					   . '</a></span>'
+					   . "\n";
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * add our custom post stati dropdown on the wp post page for this cpt
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function custom_post_stati_dropdown()
+	{
+
+		$statuses         = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
+		$cur_status_label = array_key_exists($this->_cpt_model_obj->status(), $statuses)
+			? $statuses[$this->_cpt_model_obj->status()]
+			: '';
+		$template_args    = array(
+			'cur_status'            => $this->_cpt_model_obj->status(),
+			'statuses'              => $statuses,
+			'cur_status_label'      => $cur_status_label,
+			'localized_status_save' => sprintf(__('Save %s', 'event_espresso'), $cur_status_label),
+		);
+		//we'll add a trash post status (WP doesn't add one for some reason)
+		if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->status() === 'trash') {
+			$template_args['cur_status_label'] = __('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
+			$statuses['trash']                 = __('Trashed', 'event_espresso');
+			$template_args['statuses']         = $statuses;
+		}
+
+		$template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE . 'status_dropdown.template.php';
+		EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
+	}
+
+
+
+	public function setup_autosave_hooks()
+	{
+		$this->_set_autosave_containers();
+		$this->_load_autosave_scripts_styles();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is run on all WordPress autosaves AFTER the autosave is complete and sends along a $_POST object (available
+	 * in $this->_req_data) containing: post_ID of the saved post autosavenonce for the saved post We'll do the check
+	 * for the nonce in here, but then this method looks for two things:
+	 * 1. Execute a method (if exists) matching 'ee_autosave_' and appended with the given route. OR
+	 * 2. do_actions() for global or class specific actions that have been registered (for plugins/addons not in an
+	 * EE_Admin_Page class. PLEASE NOTE: Data will be returned using the _return_json() object and so the
+	 * $_template_args property should be used to hold the $data array.  We're expecting the following things set in
+	 * template args.
+	 *    1. $template_args['error'] = IF there is an error you can add the message in here.
+	 *    2. $template_args['data']['items'] = an array of items that are setup in key index pairs of 'where_values_go'
+	 *    => 'values_to_add'.  In other words, for the datetime metabox we'll have something like
+	 *    $this->_template_args['data']['items'] = array(
+	 *        'event-datetime-ids' => '1,2,3';
+	 *    );
+	 *    Keep in mind the following things:
+	 *    - "where" index is for the input with the id as that string.
+	 *    - "what" index is what will be used for the value of that input.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function do_extra_autosave_stuff()
+	{
+		//next let's check for the autosave nonce (we'll use _verify_nonce )
+		$nonce = isset($this->_req_data['autosavenonce'])
+				? $this->_req_data['autosavenonce']
+				: null;
+		$this->_verify_nonce($nonce, 'autosave');
+		//make sure we define doing autosave (cause WP isn't triggering this we want to make sure we define it)
+		if ( ! defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE')) {
+			define('DOING_AUTOSAVE', true);
+		}
+		//if we made it here then the nonce checked out.  Let's run our methods and actions
+		$autosave = "_ee_autosave_{$this->_current_view}";
+		if (method_exists($this, $autosave)) {
+			$this->$autosave();
+		} else {
+			$this->_template_args['success'] = true;
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__global_after', $this);
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_' . get_class($this), $this);
+		//now let's return json
+		$this->_return_json();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting up default routes and pages that utilize the core WP admin pages.
+	 * Child classes can override the defaults (in cases for adding metaboxes etc.)
+	 * but take care that you include the defaults here otherwise your core WP admin pages for the cpt won't work!
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _extend_page_config_for_cpt()
+	{
+		//before doing anything we need to make sure this runs ONLY when the loaded page matches the set page_slug
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['page']) && $this->_req_data['page'] !== $this->page_slug) {
+			return;
+		}
+		//set page routes and page config but ONLY if we're not viewing a custom setup cpt route as defined in _cpt_routes
+		if ( ! empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
+			$this->_page_routes = array_merge(array(
+				'create_new' => '_create_new_cpt_item',
+				'edit'       => '_edit_cpt_item',
+			), $this->_page_routes);
+			$this->_page_config = array_merge(array(
+				'create_new' => array(
+					'nav'           => array(
+						'label' => $this->_cpt_object->labels->add_new_item,
+						'order' => 5,
+					),
+					'require_nonce' => false,
+				),
+				'edit'       => array(
+					'nav'           => array(
+						'label'      => $this->_cpt_object->labels->edit_item,
+						'order'      => 5,
+						'persistent' => false,
+						'url'        => '',
+					),
+					'require_nonce' => false,
+				),
+			),
+				$this->_page_config
+			);
+		}
+		//load the next section only if this is a matching cpt route as set in the cpt routes array.
+		if ( ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action])) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->_cpt_route = isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]) ? true : false;
+		//add_action('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page___load_page_dependencies__after_load', array( $this, 'modify_current_screen') );
+		if (empty($this->_cpt_object)) {
+			$msg = sprintf(__('This page has been set as being related to a registered custom post type, however, the custom post type object could not be retrieved. There are two possible reasons for this:  1. The "%s" does not match a registered post type. or 2. The custom post type is not registered for the "%s" action as indexed in the "$_cpt_routes" property on this class (%s).'),
+				$this->page_slug, $this->_req_action, get_class($this));
+			throw new EE_Error($msg);
+		}
+		if ($this->_cpt_route) {
+			$id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
+			$this->_set_model_object($id);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the _cpt_model_object property using what has been set for the _cpt_model_name and a given id.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param int  $id The id to retrieve the model object for. If empty we set a default object.
+	 * @param bool $ignore_route_check
+	 * @param string $req_type whether the current route is for inserting, updating, or deleting the CPT
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_model_object($id = null, $ignore_route_check = false, $req_type = '')
+	{
+		$model = null;
+		if (
+			empty($this->_cpt_model_names)
+			|| (
+				! $ignore_route_check
+				&& ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action])
+			) || (
+				$this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
+				&& $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() === $id
+			)
+		) {
+			//get out cuz we either don't have a model name OR the object has already been set and it has the same id as what has been sent.
+			return;
+		}
+		//if ignore_route_check is true, then get the model name via EE_Register_CPTs
+		if ($ignore_route_check) {
+			$model_names = EE_Register_CPTs::get_cpt_model_names();
+			$post_type   = get_post_type($id);
+			if (isset($model_names[$post_type])) {
+				$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_names[$post_type]);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($this->_cpt_model_names[$this->_req_action]);
+		}
+		if ($model instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj = ! empty($id) ? $model->get_one_by_ID($id) : $model->create_default_object();
+		}
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__set_model_object__after_set_object',
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj,
+			$req_type
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * admin_init_global
+	 * This runs all the code that we want executed within the WP admin_init hook.
+	 * This method executes for ALL EE Admin pages.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function admin_init_global()
+	{
+		$post = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? get_post($this->_req_data['post']) : null;
+		//its possible this is a new save so let's catch that instead
+		$post = isset($this->_req_data['post_ID']) ? get_post($this->_req_data['post_ID']) : $post;
+		$post_type = $post ? $post->post_type : false;
+		$current_route = isset($this->_req_data['current_route'])
+			? $this->_req_data['current_route']
+			: 'shouldneverwork';
+		$route_to_check = $post_type && isset($this->_cpt_routes[$current_route])
+			? $this->_cpt_routes[$current_route]
+			: '';
+		add_filter('get_delete_post_link', array($this, 'modify_delete_post_link'), 10, 3);
+		add_filter('get_edit_post_link', array($this, 'modify_edit_post_link'), 10, 3);
+		if ($post_type === $route_to_check) {
+			add_filter('redirect_post_location', array($this, 'cpt_post_location_redirect'), 10, 2);
+		}
+		//now let's filter redirect if we're on a revision page and the revision is for an event CPT.
+		$revision = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
+		if ( ! empty($revision)) {
+			$action = isset($this->_req_data['action']) ? $this->_req_data['action'] : null;
+			//doing a restore?
+			if ( ! empty($action) && $action === 'restore') {
+				//get post for revision
+				$rev_post = get_post($revision);
+				$rev_parent = get_post($rev_post->post_parent);
+				//only do our redirect filter AND our restore revision action if the post_type for the parent is one of our cpts.
+				if ($rev_parent && $rev_parent->post_type === $this->page_slug) {
+					add_filter('wp_redirect', array($this, 'revision_redirect'), 10, 2);
+					//restores of revisions
+					add_action('wp_restore_post_revision', array($this, 'restore_revision'), 10, 2);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//NOTE we ONLY want to run these hooks if we're on the right class for the given post type.  Otherwise we could see some really freaky things happen!
+		if ($post_type && $post_type === $route_to_check) {
+			//$post_id, $post
+			add_action('save_post', array($this, 'insert_update'), 10, 3);
+			//$post_id
+			add_action('trashed_post', array($this, 'before_trash_cpt_item'), 10);
+			add_action('trashed_post', array($this, 'dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts'), 10);
+			add_action('untrashed_post', array($this, 'before_restore_cpt_item'), 10);
+			add_action('after_delete_post', array($this, 'before_delete_cpt_item'), 10);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the WordPress trashed_post hook.
+	 * Execute some basic checks before calling the trash_cpt_item declared in the child class.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $post_id
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function before_trash_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'trash');
+		//if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->trash_cpt_item($post_id);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the WordPress untrashed_post hook.
+	 * Execute some basic checks before calling the restore_cpt_method in the child class.
+	 *
+	 * @param $post_id
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function before_restore_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'restore');
+		//if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->restore_cpt_item($post_id);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the WordPress after_delete_post hook.
+	 * Execute some basic checks before calling the delete_cpt_item method in the child class.
+	 *
+	 * @param $post_id
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function before_delete_cpt_item($post_id)
+	{
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'delete');
+		//if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base || $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->delete_cpt_item($post_id);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply verifies if the cpt_model_object is instantiated for the given page and throws an error message
+	 * accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function verify_cpt_object()
+	{
+		$label = ! empty($this->_cpt_object) ? $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name : $this->page_label;
+		// verify event object
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('Something has gone wrong with the page load because we are unable to set up the object for the %1$s.  This usually happens when the given id for the page route is NOT for the correct custom post type for this page',
+					'event_espresso'), $label));
+		}
+		//if auto-draft then throw an error
+		if ($this->_cpt_model_obj->get('status') === 'auto-draft') {
+			EE_Error::overwrite_errors();
+			EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(__('This %1$s was saved without a title, description, or excerpt which means that none of the extra details you added were saved properly.  All autodrafts will show up in the "draft" view of your event list table.  You can delete them from there. Please click the "Add %1$s" button to refresh and restart.'),
+					$label), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * admin_footer_scripts_global
+	 * Anything triggered by the 'admin_print_footer_scripts' WP hook should be put in here. This particular method
+	 * will apply on ALL EE_Admin pages.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function admin_footer_scripts_global()
+	{
+		$this->_add_admin_page_ajax_loading_img();
+		$this->_add_admin_page_overlay();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * add in any global scripts for cpt routes
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function load_global_scripts_styles()
+	{
+		parent::load_global_scripts_styles();
+		if ($this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			//setup custom post status object for localize script but only if we've got a cpt object
+			$statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_custom_post_statuses();
+			if ( ! empty($statuses)) {
+				//get ALL statuses!
+				$statuses = $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_all_post_statuses();
+				//setup object
+				$ee_cpt_statuses = array();
+				foreach ($statuses as $status => $label) {
+					$ee_cpt_statuses[$status] = array(
+						'label'      => $label,
+						'save_label' => sprintf(__('Save as %s', 'event_espresso'), $label),
+					);
+				}
+				wp_localize_script('ee_admin_js', 'eeCPTstatuses', $ee_cpt_statuses);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a wrapper for the insert/update routes for cpt items so we can add things that are common to ALL
+	 * insert/updates
+	 *
+	 * @param  int     $post_id ID of post being updated
+	 * @param  WP_Post $post    Post object from WP
+	 * @param  bool    $update  Whether this is an update or a new save.
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function insert_update($post_id, $post, $update)
+	{
+		//make sure that if this is a revision OR trash action that we don't do any updates!
+		if (
+			isset($this->_req_data['action'])
+			&& (
+				$this->_req_data['action'] === 'restore'
+				|| $this->_req_data['action'] === 'trash'
+			)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$this->_set_model_object($post_id, true, 'insert_update');
+		//if our cpt object is not instantiated and its NOT the same post_id as what is triggering this callback, then exit.
+		if ($update
+			&& (
+				! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base
+				|| $this->_cpt_model_obj->ID() !== $post_id
+			)
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		//check for autosave and update our req_data property accordingly.
+		/*if ( defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE && isset( $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data'] ) ) {
             foreach( (array) $this->_req_data['ee_autosave_data'] as $id => $values ) {
 
                 foreach ( (array) $values as $key => $value ) {
@@ -948,527 +948,527 @@ 
 
         }/**/ //TODO reactivate after autosave is implemented in 4.2
 
-        //take care of updating any selected page_template IF this cpt supports it.
-        if ($this->_supports_page_templates($post->post_type) && ! empty($this->_req_data['page_template'])) {
-            //wp version aware.
-            if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7', '>=')) {
-                $page_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates();
-            } else {
-                $post->page_template = $this->_req_data['page_template'];
-                $page_templates      = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates($post);
-            }
-            if ('default' != $this->_req_data['page_template'] && ! isset($page_templates[$this->_req_data['page_template']])) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(__('Invalid Page Template.', 'event_espresso'), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            } else {
-                update_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_page_template', $this->_req_data['page_template']);
-            }
-        }
-        if (defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE) {
-            return;
-        } //TODO we'll remove this after reimplementing autosave in 4.2
-        $this->_insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This hooks into the wp_trash_post() function and removes the `_wp_trash_meta_status` and `_wp_trash_meta_time`
-     * post meta IF the trashed post is one of our CPT's - note this method should only be called with our cpt routes
-     * so we don't have to check for our CPT.
-     *
-     * @param  int $post_id ID of the post
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts($post_id)
-    {
-        //only do this if we're actually processing one of our CPTs
-        //if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
-            return;
-        }
-        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_status');
-        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_time');
-        //our cpts may have comments so let's take care of that too
-        delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_comments_status');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is a wrapper for the restore_cpt_revision route for cpt items so we can make sure that when a revision is
-     * triggered that we restore related items.  In order to work cpt classes MUST have a restore_cpt_revision method
-     * in them. We also have our OWN action in here so addons can hook into the restore process easily.
-     *
-     * @param  int $post_id     ID of cpt item
-     * @param  int $revision_id ID of revision being restored
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function restore_revision($post_id, $revision_id)
-    {
-        $this->_restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
-        //global action
-        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
-        //class specific action so you can limit hooking into a specific page.
-        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_' . get_class($this) . '__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @see restore_revision() for details
-     * @param  int $post_id     ID of cpt item
-     * @param  int $revision_id ID of revision for item
-     * @return void
-     */
-    abstract protected function _restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Execution of this method is added to the end of the load_page_dependencies method in the parent
-     * so that we can fix a bug where default core metaboxes were not being called in the sidebar.
-     * To fix we have to reset the current_screen using the page_slug
-     * (which is identical - or should be - to our registered_post_type id.)
-     * Also, since the core WP file loads the admin_header.php for WP
-     * (and there are a bunch of other things edit-form-advanced.php loads that need to happen really early)
-     * we need to load it NOW, hence our _route_admin_request in here. (Otherwise screen options won't be set).
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function modify_current_screen()
-    {
-        //ONLY do this if the current page_route IS a cpt route
-        if ( ! $this->_cpt_route) {
-            return;
-        }
-        //routing things REALLY early b/c this is a cpt admin page
-        set_current_screen($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]);
-        $this->_current_screen       = get_current_screen();
-        $this->_current_screen->base = 'event-espresso';
-        $this->_add_help_tabs(); //we make sure we add any help tabs back in!
-        /*try {
+		//take care of updating any selected page_template IF this cpt supports it.
+		if ($this->_supports_page_templates($post->post_type) && ! empty($this->_req_data['page_template'])) {
+			//wp version aware.
+			if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7', '>=')) {
+				$page_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates();
+			} else {
+				$post->page_template = $this->_req_data['page_template'];
+				$page_templates      = wp_get_theme()->get_page_templates($post);
+			}
+			if ('default' != $this->_req_data['page_template'] && ! isset($page_templates[$this->_req_data['page_template']])) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(__('Invalid Page Template.', 'event_espresso'), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			} else {
+				update_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_page_template', $this->_req_data['page_template']);
+			}
+		}
+		if (defined('DOING_AUTOSAVE') && DOING_AUTOSAVE) {
+			return;
+		} //TODO we'll remove this after reimplementing autosave in 4.2
+		$this->_insert_update_cpt_item($post_id, $post);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This hooks into the wp_trash_post() function and removes the `_wp_trash_meta_status` and `_wp_trash_meta_time`
+	 * post meta IF the trashed post is one of our CPT's - note this method should only be called with our cpt routes
+	 * so we don't have to check for our CPT.
+	 *
+	 * @param  int $post_id ID of the post
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function dont_permanently_delete_ee_cpts($post_id)
+	{
+		//only do this if we're actually processing one of our CPTs
+		//if our cpt object isn't existent then get out immediately.
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_model_obj instanceof EE_CPT_Base) {
+			return;
+		}
+		delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_status');
+		delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_time');
+		//our cpts may have comments so let's take care of that too
+		delete_post_meta($post_id, '_wp_trash_meta_comments_status');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a wrapper for the restore_cpt_revision route for cpt items so we can make sure that when a revision is
+	 * triggered that we restore related items.  In order to work cpt classes MUST have a restore_cpt_revision method
+	 * in them. We also have our OWN action in here so addons can hook into the restore process easily.
+	 *
+	 * @param  int $post_id     ID of cpt item
+	 * @param  int $revision_id ID of revision being restored
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function restore_revision($post_id, $revision_id)
+	{
+		$this->_restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
+		//global action
+		do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
+		//class specific action so you can limit hooking into a specific page.
+		do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_' . get_class($this) . '__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @see restore_revision() for details
+	 * @param  int $post_id     ID of cpt item
+	 * @param  int $revision_id ID of revision for item
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	abstract protected function _restore_cpt_item($post_id, $revision_id);
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Execution of this method is added to the end of the load_page_dependencies method in the parent
+	 * so that we can fix a bug where default core metaboxes were not being called in the sidebar.
+	 * To fix we have to reset the current_screen using the page_slug
+	 * (which is identical - or should be - to our registered_post_type id.)
+	 * Also, since the core WP file loads the admin_header.php for WP
+	 * (and there are a bunch of other things edit-form-advanced.php loads that need to happen really early)
+	 * we need to load it NOW, hence our _route_admin_request in here. (Otherwise screen options won't be set).
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function modify_current_screen()
+	{
+		//ONLY do this if the current page_route IS a cpt route
+		if ( ! $this->_cpt_route) {
+			return;
+		}
+		//routing things REALLY early b/c this is a cpt admin page
+		set_current_screen($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]);
+		$this->_current_screen       = get_current_screen();
+		$this->_current_screen->base = 'event-espresso';
+		$this->_add_help_tabs(); //we make sure we add any help tabs back in!
+		/*try {
             $this->_route_admin_request();
         } catch ( EE_Error $e ) {
             $e->get_error();
         }/**/
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This allows child classes to modify the default editor title that appears when people add a new or edit an
-     * existing CPT item.     * This uses the _labels property set by the child class via _define_page_props. Just make
-     * sure you have a key in _labels property that equals 'editor_title' and the value can be whatever you want the
-     * default to be.
-     *
-     * @param string $title The new title (or existing if there is no editor_title defined)
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function add_custom_editor_default_title($title)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_labels['editor_title'][$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]])
-            ? $this->_labels['editor_title'][$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]]
-            : $title;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * hooks into the wp_get_shortlink button and makes sure that the shortlink gets generated
-     *
-     * @param string $shortlink   The already generated shortlink
-     * @param int    $id          Post ID for this item
-     * @param string $context     The context for the link
-     * @param bool   $allow_slugs Whether to allow post slugs in the shortlink.
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function add_shortlink_button_to_editor($shortlink, $id, $context, $allow_slugs)
-    {
-        if ( ! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
-            $post = get_post($id);
-            if (isset($post->post_type) && $this->page_slug === $post->post_type) {
-                $shortlink = home_url('?p=' . $post->ID);
-            }
-        }
-        return $shortlink;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * overriding the parent route_admin_request method so we DON'T run the route twice on cpt core page loads (it's
-     * already run in modify_current_screen())
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function route_admin_request()
-    {
-        if ($this->_cpt_route) {
-            return;
-        }
-        try {
-            $this->_route_admin_request();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            $e->get_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Add a hidden form input to cpt core pages so that we know to do redirects to our routes on saves
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function cpt_post_form_hidden_input()
-    {
-        echo '<input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="' . $this->_admin_base_url . '" />';
-        //we're also going to add the route value and the current page so we can direct autosave parsing correctly
-        echo '<div id="ee-cpt-hidden-inputs">';
-        echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="' . $this->_current_view . '" />';
-        echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="' . $this->page_slug . '" />';
-        echo '</div>';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This allows us to redirect the location of revision restores when they happen so it goes to our CPT routes.
-     *
-     * @param  string $location Original location url
-     * @param  int    $status   Status for http header
-     * @return string           new (or original) url to redirect to.
-     */
-    public function revision_redirect($location, $status)
-    {
-        //get revision
-        $rev_id = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
-        //can't do anything without revision so let's get out if not present
-        if (empty($rev_id)) {
-            return $location;
-        }
-        //get rev_post_data
-        $rev = get_post($rev_id);
-        $admin_url = $this->_admin_base_url;
-        $query_args = array(
-            'action'   => 'edit',
-            'post'     => $rev->post_parent,
-            'revision' => $rev_id,
-            'message'  => 5,
-        );
-        $this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
-        return self::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Modify the edit post link generated by wp core function so that EE CPTs get setup differently.
-     *
-     * @param  string $link    the original generated link
-     * @param  int    $id      post id
-     * @param  string $context optional, defaults to display.  How to write the '&'
-     * @return string          the link
-     */
-    public function modify_edit_post_link($link, $id, $context)
-    {
-        $post = get_post($id);
-        if ( ! isset($this->_req_data['action'])
-             || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
-             || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']]
-        ) {
-            return $link;
-        }
-        $query_args = array(
-            'action' => isset($this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type])
-                ? $this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type]
-                : 'edit',
-            'post'   => $id,
-        );
-        return self::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $this->_admin_base_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Modify the trash link on our cpt edit pages so it has the required query var for triggering redirect properly on
-     * our routes.
-     *
-     * @param  string $delete_link  original delete link
-     * @param  int    $post_id      id of cpt object
-     * @param  bool   $force_delete whether this is forcing a hard delete instead of trash
-     * @return string new delete link
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function modify_delete_post_link($delete_link, $post_id, $force_delete)
-    {
-        $post = get_post($post_id);
-
-        if (empty($this->_req_data['action'])
-            || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
-            || ! $post instanceof WP_Post
-            || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']]
-        ) {
-            return $delete_link;
-        }
-        $this->_set_model_object($post->ID, true);
-
-        //returns something like `trash_event` or `trash_attendee` or `trash_venue`
-        $action = 'trash_' . str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
-
-        return EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page' => $this->_req_data['page'],
-                'action' => $action,
-                $this->_cpt_model_obj->get_model()->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-                    => $post->ID
-            ),
-            admin_url()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the callback for the 'redirect_post_location' filter in wp-admin/post.php
-     * so that we can hijack the default redirect locations for wp custom post types
-     * that WE'RE using and send back to OUR routes.  This should only be hooked in on the right route.
-     *
-     * @param  string $location This is the incoming currently set redirect location
-     * @param  string $post_id  This is the 'ID' value of the wp_posts table
-     * @return string           the new location to redirect to
-     */
-    public function cpt_post_location_redirect($location, $post_id)
-    {
-        //we DO have a match so let's setup the url
-        //we have to get the post to determine our route
-        $post       = get_post($post_id);
-        $edit_route = $this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type];
-        //shared query_args
-        $query_args = array('action' => $edit_route, 'post' => $post_id);
-        $admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['save']) || isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
-            $status = get_post_status($post_id);
-            if (isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
-                switch ($status) {
-                    case 'pending':
-                        $message = 8;
-                        break;
-                    case 'future':
-                        $message = 9;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        $message = 6;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $message = 'draft' === $status ? 10 : 1;
-            }
-        } else if (isset($this->_req_data['addmeta']) && $this->_req_data['addmeta']) {
-            $message = 2;
-            //			$append = '#postcustom';
-        } else if (isset($this->_req_data['deletemeta']) && $this->_req_data['deletemeta']) {
-            $message = 3;
-            //			$append = '#postcustom';
-        } elseif ($this->_req_data['action'] === 'post-quickpress-save-cont') {
-            $message = 7;
-        } else {
-            $message = 4;
-        }
-        //change the message if the post type is not viewable on the frontend
-        $this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($post->post_type);
-        $message           = $message === 1 && ! $this->_cpt_object->publicly_queryable ? 4 : $message;
-        $query_args = array_merge(array('message' => $message), $query_args);
-        $this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
-        return self::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method is called to inject nav tabs on core WP cpt pages
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function inject_nav_tabs()
-    {
-        //can we hijack and insert the nav_tabs?
-        $nav_tabs = $this->_get_main_nav_tabs();
-        //first close off existing form tag
-        $html = '>';
-        $html .= $nav_tabs;
-        //now let's handle the remaining tag ( missing ">" is CORRECT )
-        $html .= '<span></span';
-        echo $html;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just sets up the post update messages when an update form is loaded
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param  array $messages the original messages array
-     * @return array           the new messages array
-     */
-    public function post_update_messages($messages)
-    {
-        global $post;
-        $id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
-        $id = empty($id) && is_object($post) ? $post->ID : null;
-        //		$post_type = $post ? $post->post_type : false;
-        /*$current_route = isset($this->_req_data['current_route']) ? $this->_req_data['current_route'] : 'shouldneverwork';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This allows child classes to modify the default editor title that appears when people add a new or edit an
+	 * existing CPT item.     * This uses the _labels property set by the child class via _define_page_props. Just make
+	 * sure you have a key in _labels property that equals 'editor_title' and the value can be whatever you want the
+	 * default to be.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $title The new title (or existing if there is no editor_title defined)
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function add_custom_editor_default_title($title)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_labels['editor_title'][$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]])
+			? $this->_labels['editor_title'][$this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action]]
+			: $title;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * hooks into the wp_get_shortlink button and makes sure that the shortlink gets generated
+	 *
+	 * @param string $shortlink   The already generated shortlink
+	 * @param int    $id          Post ID for this item
+	 * @param string $context     The context for the link
+	 * @param bool   $allow_slugs Whether to allow post slugs in the shortlink.
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function add_shortlink_button_to_editor($shortlink, $id, $context, $allow_slugs)
+	{
+		if ( ! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
+			$post = get_post($id);
+			if (isset($post->post_type) && $this->page_slug === $post->post_type) {
+				$shortlink = home_url('?p=' . $post->ID);
+			}
+		}
+		return $shortlink;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * overriding the parent route_admin_request method so we DON'T run the route twice on cpt core page loads (it's
+	 * already run in modify_current_screen())
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function route_admin_request()
+	{
+		if ($this->_cpt_route) {
+			return;
+		}
+		try {
+			$this->_route_admin_request();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			$e->get_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a hidden form input to cpt core pages so that we know to do redirects to our routes on saves
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function cpt_post_form_hidden_input()
+	{
+		echo '<input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="' . $this->_admin_base_url . '" />';
+		//we're also going to add the route value and the current page so we can direct autosave parsing correctly
+		echo '<div id="ee-cpt-hidden-inputs">';
+		echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="' . $this->_current_view . '" />';
+		echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="' . $this->page_slug . '" />';
+		echo '</div>';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This allows us to redirect the location of revision restores when they happen so it goes to our CPT routes.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $location Original location url
+	 * @param  int    $status   Status for http header
+	 * @return string           new (or original) url to redirect to.
+	 */
+	public function revision_redirect($location, $status)
+	{
+		//get revision
+		$rev_id = isset($this->_req_data['revision']) ? $this->_req_data['revision'] : null;
+		//can't do anything without revision so let's get out if not present
+		if (empty($rev_id)) {
+			return $location;
+		}
+		//get rev_post_data
+		$rev = get_post($rev_id);
+		$admin_url = $this->_admin_base_url;
+		$query_args = array(
+			'action'   => 'edit',
+			'post'     => $rev->post_parent,
+			'revision' => $rev_id,
+			'message'  => 5,
+		);
+		$this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
+		return self::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Modify the edit post link generated by wp core function so that EE CPTs get setup differently.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $link    the original generated link
+	 * @param  int    $id      post id
+	 * @param  string $context optional, defaults to display.  How to write the '&'
+	 * @return string          the link
+	 */
+	public function modify_edit_post_link($link, $id, $context)
+	{
+		$post = get_post($id);
+		if ( ! isset($this->_req_data['action'])
+			 || ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+			 || $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']]
+		) {
+			return $link;
+		}
+		$query_args = array(
+			'action' => isset($this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type])
+				? $this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type]
+				: 'edit',
+			'post'   => $id,
+		);
+		return self::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $this->_admin_base_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Modify the trash link on our cpt edit pages so it has the required query var for triggering redirect properly on
+	 * our routes.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $delete_link  original delete link
+	 * @param  int    $post_id      id of cpt object
+	 * @param  bool   $force_delete whether this is forcing a hard delete instead of trash
+	 * @return string new delete link
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function modify_delete_post_link($delete_link, $post_id, $force_delete)
+	{
+		$post = get_post($post_id);
+
+		if (empty($this->_req_data['action'])
+			|| ! isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+			|| ! $post instanceof WP_Post
+			|| $post->post_type !== $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']]
+		) {
+			return $delete_link;
+		}
+		$this->_set_model_object($post->ID, true);
+
+		//returns something like `trash_event` or `trash_attendee` or `trash_venue`
+		$action = 'trash_' . str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
+
+		return EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page' => $this->_req_data['page'],
+				'action' => $action,
+				$this->_cpt_model_obj->get_model()->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+					=> $post->ID
+			),
+			admin_url()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback for the 'redirect_post_location' filter in wp-admin/post.php
+	 * so that we can hijack the default redirect locations for wp custom post types
+	 * that WE'RE using and send back to OUR routes.  This should only be hooked in on the right route.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $location This is the incoming currently set redirect location
+	 * @param  string $post_id  This is the 'ID' value of the wp_posts table
+	 * @return string           the new location to redirect to
+	 */
+	public function cpt_post_location_redirect($location, $post_id)
+	{
+		//we DO have a match so let's setup the url
+		//we have to get the post to determine our route
+		$post       = get_post($post_id);
+		$edit_route = $this->_cpt_edit_routes[$post->post_type];
+		//shared query_args
+		$query_args = array('action' => $edit_route, 'post' => $post_id);
+		$admin_url  = $this->_admin_base_url;
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['save']) || isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
+			$status = get_post_status($post_id);
+			if (isset($this->_req_data['publish'])) {
+				switch ($status) {
+					case 'pending':
+						$message = 8;
+						break;
+					case 'future':
+						$message = 9;
+						break;
+					default:
+						$message = 6;
+				}
+			} else {
+				$message = 'draft' === $status ? 10 : 1;
+			}
+		} else if (isset($this->_req_data['addmeta']) && $this->_req_data['addmeta']) {
+			$message = 2;
+			//			$append = '#postcustom';
+		} else if (isset($this->_req_data['deletemeta']) && $this->_req_data['deletemeta']) {
+			$message = 3;
+			//			$append = '#postcustom';
+		} elseif ($this->_req_data['action'] === 'post-quickpress-save-cont') {
+			$message = 7;
+		} else {
+			$message = 4;
+		}
+		//change the message if the post type is not viewable on the frontend
+		$this->_cpt_object = get_post_type_object($post->post_type);
+		$message           = $message === 1 && ! $this->_cpt_object->publicly_queryable ? 4 : $message;
+		$query_args = array_merge(array('message' => $message), $query_args);
+		$this->_process_notices($query_args, true);
+		return self::add_query_args_and_nonce($query_args, $admin_url);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method is called to inject nav tabs on core WP cpt pages
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function inject_nav_tabs()
+	{
+		//can we hijack and insert the nav_tabs?
+		$nav_tabs = $this->_get_main_nav_tabs();
+		//first close off existing form tag
+		$html = '>';
+		$html .= $nav_tabs;
+		//now let's handle the remaining tag ( missing ">" is CORRECT )
+		$html .= '<span></span';
+		echo $html;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just sets up the post update messages when an update form is loaded
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param  array $messages the original messages array
+	 * @return array           the new messages array
+	 */
+	public function post_update_messages($messages)
+	{
+		global $post;
+		$id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
+		$id = empty($id) && is_object($post) ? $post->ID : null;
+		//		$post_type = $post ? $post->post_type : false;
+		/*$current_route = isset($this->_req_data['current_route']) ? $this->_req_data['current_route'] : 'shouldneverwork';
 
         $route_to_check = $post_type && isset( $this->_cpt_routes[$current_route]) ? $this->_cpt_routes[$current_route] : '';/**/
-        $messages[$post->post_type] = array(
-            0 => '', //Unused. Messages start at index 1.
-            1 => sprintf(
-                __('%1$s updated. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            2 => __('Custom field updated'),
-            3 => __('Custom field deleted.'),
-            4 => sprintf(__('%1$s updated.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
-            5 => isset($_GET['revision']) ? sprintf(__('%s restored to revision from %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name, wp_post_revision_title((int)$_GET['revision'], false))
-                : false,
-            6 => sprintf(
-                __('%1$s published. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            7 => sprintf(__('%1$s saved.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
-            8 => sprintf(
-                __('%1$s submitted. %2$sPreview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))) . '">',
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            9 => sprintf(
-                __('%1$s scheduled for: %2$s. %3$s">Preview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<strong>' . date_i18n(__('M j, Y @ G:i'), strtotime($post->post_date)) . '</strong>',
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-            10 => sprintf(
-                __('%1$s draft updated. %2$s">Preview page%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
-                '</a>'
-            ),
-        );
-        return $messages;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * default method for the 'create_new' route for cpt admin pages.
-     * For reference what to include in here, see wp-admin/post-new.php
-     *
-     * @access  protected
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _create_new_cpt_item()
-    {
-        // gather template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
-        global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
-        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action];
-        $post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
-        $title            = $post_type_object->labels->add_new_item;
-        $editing          = true;
-        wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
-        $post    = $post = get_default_post_to_edit($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action], true);
-        $post_ID = $post->ID;
-        add_action('admin_print_styles', array($this, 'add_new_admin_page_global'));
-        //modify the default editor title field with default title.
-        add_filter('enter_title_here', array($this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'), 10);
-        include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
-    }
-
-
-
-    public function add_new_admin_page_global()
-    {
-        $admin_page = ! empty($this->_req_data['post']) ? 'post-php' : 'post-new-php';
-        ?>
+		$messages[$post->post_type] = array(
+			0 => '', //Unused. Messages start at index 1.
+			1 => sprintf(
+				__('%1$s updated. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			2 => __('Custom field updated'),
+			3 => __('Custom field deleted.'),
+			4 => sprintf(__('%1$s updated.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
+			5 => isset($_GET['revision']) ? sprintf(__('%s restored to revision from %s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name, wp_post_revision_title((int)$_GET['revision'], false))
+				: false,
+			6 => sprintf(
+				__('%1$s published. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			7 => sprintf(__('%1$s saved.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
+			8 => sprintf(
+				__('%1$s submitted. %2$sPreview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))) . '">',
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			9 => sprintf(
+				__('%1$s scheduled for: %2$s. %3$s">Preview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<strong>' . date_i18n(__('M j, Y @ G:i'), strtotime($post->post_date)) . '</strong>',
+				'<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
+				'</a>'
+			),
+			10 => sprintf(
+				__('%1$s draft updated. %2$s">Preview page%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
+				'<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
+				'</a>'
+			),
+		);
+		return $messages;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * default method for the 'create_new' route for cpt admin pages.
+	 * For reference what to include in here, see wp-admin/post-new.php
+	 *
+	 * @access  protected
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _create_new_cpt_item()
+	{
+		// gather template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
+		global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
+		$post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action];
+		$post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
+		$title            = $post_type_object->labels->add_new_item;
+		$editing          = true;
+		wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
+		$post    = $post = get_default_post_to_edit($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action], true);
+		$post_ID = $post->ID;
+		add_action('admin_print_styles', array($this, 'add_new_admin_page_global'));
+		//modify the default editor title field with default title.
+		add_filter('enter_title_here', array($this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'), 10);
+		include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
+	}
+
+
+
+	public function add_new_admin_page_global()
+	{
+		$admin_page = ! empty($this->_req_data['post']) ? 'post-php' : 'post-new-php';
+		?>
         <script type="text/javascript">
             adminpage = '<?php echo $admin_page; ?>';
         </script>
         <?php
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * default method for the 'edit' route for cpt admin pages
-     * For reference on what to put in here, refer to wp-admin/post.php
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return string   template for edit cpt form
-     */
-    protected function _edit_cpt_item()
-    {
-        global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
-        $post_id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
-        $post = ! empty($post_id) ? get_post($post_id, OBJECT, 'edit') : null;
-        if (empty ($post)) {
-            wp_die(__('You attempted to edit an item that doesn&#8217;t exist. Perhaps it was deleted?'));
-        }
-        if ( ! empty($_GET['get-post-lock'])) {
-            wp_set_post_lock($post_id);
-            wp_redirect(get_edit_post_link($post_id, 'url'));
-            exit();
-        }
-
-        // template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
-        $editing          = true;
-        $post_ID          = $post_id;
-        $post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action];
-        $post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
-
-        if ( ! wp_check_post_lock($post->ID)) {
-            $active_post_lock = wp_set_post_lock($post->ID);
-            //wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
-        }
-        $title = $this->_cpt_object->labels->edit_item;
-        add_action('admin_footer', '_admin_notice_post_locked');
-        if (isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
-            && ! isset($this->_labels['hide_add_button_on_cpt_route'][$this->_req_data['action']])
-        ) {
-            $create_new_action = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___edit_cpt_item__create_new_action',
-                'create_new', $this);
-            $post_new_file = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(array(
-                'action' => $create_new_action,
-                'page'   => $this->page_slug,
-            ), 'admin.php');
-        }
-        if (post_type_supports($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action], 'comments')) {
-            wp_enqueue_script('admin-comments');
-            enqueue_comment_hotkeys_js();
-        }
-        add_action('admin_print_styles', array($this, 'add_new_admin_page_global'));
-        //modify the default editor title field with default title.
-        add_filter('enter_title_here', array($this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'), 10);
-        include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * some getters
-     */
-    /**
-     * This returns the protected _cpt_model_obj property
-     *
-     * @return EE_CPT_Base
-     */
-    public function get_cpt_model_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-    }
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * default method for the 'edit' route for cpt admin pages
+	 * For reference on what to put in here, refer to wp-admin/post.php
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return string   template for edit cpt form
+	 */
+	protected function _edit_cpt_item()
+	{
+		global $post, $title, $is_IE, $post_type, $post_type_object;
+		$post_id = isset($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : null;
+		$post = ! empty($post_id) ? get_post($post_id, OBJECT, 'edit') : null;
+		if (empty ($post)) {
+			wp_die(__('You attempted to edit an item that doesn&#8217;t exist. Perhaps it was deleted?'));
+		}
+		if ( ! empty($_GET['get-post-lock'])) {
+			wp_set_post_lock($post_id);
+			wp_redirect(get_edit_post_link($post_id, 'url'));
+			exit();
+		}
+
+		// template vars for WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php'
+		$editing          = true;
+		$post_ID          = $post_id;
+		$post_type        = $this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action];
+		$post_type_object = $this->_cpt_object;
+
+		if ( ! wp_check_post_lock($post->ID)) {
+			$active_post_lock = wp_set_post_lock($post->ID);
+			//wp_enqueue_script('autosave');
+		}
+		$title = $this->_cpt_object->labels->edit_item;
+		add_action('admin_footer', '_admin_notice_post_locked');
+		if (isset($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_data['action']])
+			&& ! isset($this->_labels['hide_add_button_on_cpt_route'][$this->_req_data['action']])
+		) {
+			$create_new_action = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___edit_cpt_item__create_new_action',
+				'create_new', $this);
+			$post_new_file = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(array(
+				'action' => $create_new_action,
+				'page'   => $this->page_slug,
+			), 'admin.php');
+		}
+		if (post_type_supports($this->_cpt_routes[$this->_req_action], 'comments')) {
+			wp_enqueue_script('admin-comments');
+			enqueue_comment_hotkeys_js();
+		}
+		add_action('admin_print_styles', array($this, 'add_new_admin_page_global'));
+		//modify the default editor title field with default title.
+		add_filter('enter_title_here', array($this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'), 10);
+		include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * some getters
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * This returns the protected _cpt_model_obj property
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_CPT_Base
+	 */
+	public function get_cpt_model_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+	}
 
 }

Spacing +25 added lines, -25 removed lines

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ 
      */
     protected function _register_autosave_containers($ids)
     {
-        $this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_fields, (array)$ids);
+        $this->_autosave_containers = array_merge($this->_autosave_fields, (array) $ids);
     }
 
 
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ 
         //filter _autosave_containers
         $containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
             $this->_autosave_containers, $this);
-        $containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__' . get_class($this) . '___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
+        $containers = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__'.get_class($this).'___load_autosave_scripts_styles__containers',
             $containers, $this);
 
         wp_localize_script('event_editor_js', 'EE_AUTOSAVE_IDS',
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ 
         // This is for any plugins that are doing things properly
         // and hooking into the load page hook for core wp cpt routes.
         global $pagenow;
-        do_action('load-' . $pagenow);
+        do_action('load-'.$pagenow);
         $this->modify_current_screen();
         add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', array($this, 'setup_autosave_hooks'), 30);
         //we route REALLY early.
@@ -425,8 +425,8 @@ 
                 'admin.php?page=espresso_registrations&action=contact_list',
             ),
             1 => array(
-                'edit.php?post_type=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
-                'admin.php?page=' . $this->_cpt_object->name,
+                'edit.php?post_type='.$this->_cpt_object->name,
+                'admin.php?page='.$this->_cpt_object->name,
             ),
         );
         foreach ($routes_to_match as $route_matches) {
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ 
         $cpt_has_support = ! empty($cpt_args['page_templates']);
 
         //if the installed version of WP is > 4.7 we do some additional checks.
-        if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7','>=')) {
+        if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7', '>=')) {
             $post_templates = wp_get_theme()->get_post_templates();
             //if there are $post_templates for this cpt, then we return false for this method because
             //that means we aren't going to load our page template manager and leave that up to the native
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ 
         global $post;
         $template = '';
 
-        if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7','>=')) {
+        if (EE_Recommended_Versions::check_wp_version('4.7', '>=')) {
             $page_template_count = count(get_page_templates());
         } else {
             $page_template_count = count(get_page_templates($post));
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ 
         $post = get_post($id);
         if ('publish' !== get_post_status($post)) {
             //include shims for the `get_preview_post_link` function
-            require_once( EE_CORE . 'wordpress-shims.php' );
+            require_once(EE_CORE.'wordpress-shims.php');
             $return .= '<span_id="view-post-btn"><a target="_blank" href="'
                        . get_preview_post_link($id)
                        . '" class="button button-small">'
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ 
             $template_args['statuses']         = $statuses;
         }
 
-        $template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE . 'status_dropdown.template.php';
+        $template = EE_ADMIN_TEMPLATE.'status_dropdown.template.php';
         EEH_Template::display_template($template, $template_args);
     }
 
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ 
             $this->_template_args['success'] = true;
         }
         do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__global_after', $this);
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_' . get_class($this), $this);
+        do_action('AHEE__EE_Admin_Page_CPT__do_extra_autosave_stuff__after_'.get_class($this), $this);
         //now let's return json
         $this->_return_json();
     }
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ 
         //global action
         do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
         //class specific action so you can limit hooking into a specific page.
-        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_' . get_class($this) . '__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
+        do_action('AHEE_EE_Admin_Page_CPT_'.get_class($this).'__restore_revision', $post_id, $revision_id);
     }
 
 
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ 
         if ( ! empty($id) && get_option('permalink_structure') !== '') {
             $post = get_post($id);
             if (isset($post->post_type) && $this->page_slug === $post->post_type) {
-                $shortlink = home_url('?p=' . $post->ID);
+                $shortlink = home_url('?p='.$post->ID);
             }
         }
         return $shortlink;
@@ -1122,11 +1122,11 @@ 
      */
     public function cpt_post_form_hidden_input()
     {
-        echo '<input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="' . $this->_admin_base_url . '" />';
+        echo '<input type="hidden" name="ee_cpt_item_redirect_url" value="'.$this->_admin_base_url.'" />';
         //we're also going to add the route value and the current page so we can direct autosave parsing correctly
         echo '<div id="ee-cpt-hidden-inputs">';
-        echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="' . $this->_current_view . '" />';
-        echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="' . $this->page_slug . '" />';
+        echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_route" name="current_route" value="'.$this->_current_view.'" />';
+        echo '<input type="hidden" id="current_page" name="current_page" value="'.$this->page_slug.'" />';
         echo '</div>';
     }
 
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ 
         $this->_set_model_object($post->ID, true);
 
         //returns something like `trash_event` or `trash_attendee` or `trash_venue`
-        $action = 'trash_' . str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
+        $action = 'trash_'.str_replace('ee_', '', strtolower(get_class($this->_cpt_model_obj)));
 
         return EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
             array(
@@ -1324,39 +1324,39 @@ 
             1 => sprintf(
                 __('%1$s updated. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+                '<a href="'.esc_url(get_permalink($id)).'">',
                 '</a>'
             ),
             2 => __('Custom field updated'),
             3 => __('Custom field deleted.'),
             4 => sprintf(__('%1$s updated.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
             5 => isset($_GET['revision']) ? sprintf(__('%s restored to revision from %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name, wp_post_revision_title((int)$_GET['revision'], false))
+                $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name, wp_post_revision_title((int) $_GET['revision'], false))
                 : false,
             6 => sprintf(
                 __('%1$s published. %2$sView %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)) . '">',
+                '<a href="'.esc_url(get_permalink($id)).'">',
                 '</a>'
             ),
             7 => sprintf(__('%1$s saved.', 'event_espresso'), $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name),
             8 => sprintf(
                 __('%1$s submitted. %2$sPreview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))) . '">',
+                '<a target="_blank" href="'.esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))).'">',
                 '</a>'
             ),
             9 => sprintf(
                 __('%1$s scheduled for: %2$s. %3$s">Preview %1$s%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<strong>' . date_i18n(__('M j, Y @ G:i'), strtotime($post->post_date)) . '</strong>',
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
+                '<strong>'.date_i18n(__('M j, Y @ G:i'), strtotime($post->post_date)).'</strong>',
+                '<a target="_blank" href="'.esc_url(get_permalink($id)),
                 '</a>'
             ),
             10 => sprintf(
                 __('%1$s draft updated. %2$s">Preview page%3$s', 'event_espresso'),
                 $this->_cpt_object->labels->singular_name,
-                '<a target="_blank" href="' . esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
+                '<a target="_blank" href="'.esc_url(add_query_arg('preview', 'true', get_permalink($id))),
                 '</a>'
             ),
         );
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ 
         add_action('admin_print_styles', array($this, 'add_new_admin_page_global'));
         //modify the default editor title field with default title.
         add_filter('enter_title_here', array($this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'), 10);
-        include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
+        include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH.'edit-form-advanced.php';
     }
 
 
@@ -1453,7 +1453,7 @@ 
         add_action('admin_print_styles', array($this, 'add_new_admin_page_global'));
         //modify the default editor title field with default title.
         add_filter('enter_title_here', array($this, 'add_custom_editor_default_title'), 10);
-        include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH . 'edit-form-advanced.php';
+        include_once WP_ADMIN_PATH.'edit-form-advanced.php';
     }
 
 

caffeinated/admin/extend/registration_form/Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page.core.php

Indentation +1088 added lines, -1088 removed lines

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 <?php
 if (! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
-    exit('NO direct script access allowed');
+	exit('NO direct script access allowed');
 }
 
 /**
@@ -25,1093 +25,1093 @@ 
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     * @Constructor
-     * @param bool $routing indicate whether we want to just load the object and handle routing or just load the object.
-     * @access public
-     */
-    public function __construct($routing = true)
-    {
-        define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'registration_form' . DS);
-        define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ASSETS_PATH', REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN . 'assets' . DS);
-        define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'registration_form/assets/');
-        define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH', REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN . 'templates' . DS);
-        define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'registration_form/templates/');
-        parent::__construct($routing);
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _extend_page_config()
-    {
-        $this->_admin_base_path = REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN;
-        $qst_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['QST_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['QST_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['QST_ID'] : 0;
-        $qsg_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['QSG_ID'] : 0;
-
-        $new_page_routes    = array(
-            'question_groups'    => array(
-                'func'       => '_question_groups_overview_list_table',
-                'capability' => 'ee_read_question_groups',
-            ),
-            'add_question'       => array(
-                'func'       => '_edit_question',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_questions',
-            ),
-            'insert_question'    => array(
-                'func'       => '_insert_or_update_question',
-                'args'       => array('new_question' => true),
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_questions',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'duplicate_question' => array(
-                'func'       => '_duplicate_question',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_questions',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'trash_question'     => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_question',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question',
-                'obj_id'     => $qst_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'restore_question' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_questions',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question',
-                'obj_id'     => $qst_id,
-                'args'       => array('trash' => false),
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'delete_question' => array(
-                'func'       => '_delete_question',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question',
-                'obj_id'     => $qst_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'trash_questions' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_questions',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_questions',
-                'args'       => array('trash' => true),
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'restore_questions' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_questions',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_questions',
-                'args'       => array('trash' => false),
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'delete_questions' => array(
-                'func'       => '_delete_questions',
-                'args'       => array(),
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_questions',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'add_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_edit_question_group',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_groups',
-            ),
-
-            'edit_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_edit_question_group',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_group',
-                'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
-                'args'       => array('edit'),
-            ),
-
-            'delete_question_groups' => array(
-                'func'       => '_delete_question_groups',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_groups',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'delete_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_delete_question_groups',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_group',
-                'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'trash_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
-                'args'       => array('trash' => true),
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_group',
-                'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'restore_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
-                'args'       => array('trash' => false),
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_group',
-                'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'insert_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_insert_or_update_question_group',
-                'args'       => array('new_question_group' => true),
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_groups',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'update_question_group' => array(
-                'func'       => '_insert_or_update_question_group',
-                'args'       => array('new_question_group' => false),
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_group',
-                'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'trash_question_groups' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
-                'args'       => array('trash' => true),
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_groups',
-                'noheader'   => array('trash' => false),
-            ),
-
-            'restore_question_groups' => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
-                'args'       => array('trash' => false),
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_groups',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-
-            'espresso_update_question_group_order' => array(
-                'func'       => 'update_question_group_order',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_groups',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-
-            'view_reg_form_settings' => array(
-                'func'       => '_reg_form_settings',
-                'capability' => 'manage_options',
-            ),
-
-            'update_reg_form_settings' => array(
-                'func'       => '_update_reg_form_settings',
-                'capability' => 'manage_options',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-        );
-        $this->_page_routes = array_merge($this->_page_routes, $new_page_routes);
-
-        $new_page_config    = array(
-
-            'question_groups' => array(
-                'nav'           => array(
-                    'label' => esc_html__('Question Groups', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'order' => 20,
-                ),
-                'list_table'    => 'Registration_Form_Question_Groups_Admin_List_Table',
-                'help_tabs'     => array(
-                    'registration_form_question_groups_help_tab'                           => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Question Groups', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_question_groups',
-                    ),
-                    'registration_form_question_groups_table_column_headings_help_tab'     => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Question Groups Table Column Headings', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_question_groups_table_column_headings',
-                    ),
-                    'registration_form_question_groups_views_bulk_actions_search_help_tab' => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Question Groups Views & Bulk Actions & Search', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_question_groups_views_bulk_actions_search',
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Question_Groups_Help_Tour'),
-                'metaboxes'     => $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes,
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-                'qtips'         => array(
-                    'EE_Registration_Form_Tips',
-                ),
-            ),
-
-            'add_question' => array(
-                'nav'           => array(
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Add Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'order'      => 5,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                ),
-                'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
-                'help_tabs'     => array(
-                    'registration_form_add_question_help_tab' => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Add Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_add_question',
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Add_Question_Help_Tour'),
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ),
-
-            'add_question_group' => array(
-                'nav'           => array(
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Add Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'order'      => 5,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                ),
-                'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
-                'help_tabs'     => array(
-                    'registration_form_add_question_group_help_tab' => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Add Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_add_question_group',
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Add_Question_Group_Help_Tour'),
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ),
-
-            'edit_question_group' => array(
-                'nav'           => array(
-                    'label'      => esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'order'      => 5,
-                    'persistent' => false,
-                    'url'        => isset($this->_req_data['question_group_id']) ? add_query_arg(array('question_group_id' => $this->_req_data['question_group_id']),
-                        $this->_current_page_view_url) : $this->_admin_base_url,
-                ),
-                'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
-                'help_tabs'     => array(
-                    'registration_form_edit_question_group_help_tab' => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_edit_question_group',
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Edit_Question_Group_Help_Tour'),
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ),
-
-            'view_reg_form_settings' => array(
-                'nav'           => array(
-                    'label' => esc_html__('Reg Form Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'order' => 40,
-                ),
-                'labels'        => array(
-                    'publishbox' => esc_html__('Update Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-                'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
-                'help_tabs'     => array(
-                    'registration_form_reg_form_settings_help_tab' => array(
-                        'title'    => esc_html__('Registration Form Settings', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'filename' => 'registration_form_reg_form_settings',
-                    ),
-                ),
-                'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Settings_Help_Tour'),
-                'require_nonce' => false,
-            ),
-
-        );
-        $this->_page_config = array_merge($this->_page_config, $new_page_config);
-
-        //change the list table we're going to use so it's the NEW list table!
-        $this->_page_config['default']['list_table'] = 'Extend_Registration_Form_Questions_Admin_List_Table';
-
-
-        //additional labels
-        $new_labels               = array(
-            'add_question'          => esc_html__('Add New Question', 'event_espresso'),
-            'delete_question'       => esc_html__('Delete Question', 'event_espresso'),
-            'add_question_group'    => esc_html__('Add New Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-            'edit_question_group'   => esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-            'delete_question_group' => esc_html__('Delete Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
-        );
-        $this->_labels['buttons'] = array_merge($this->_labels['buttons'], $new_labels);
-
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _ajax_hooks()
-    {
-        add_action('wp_ajax_espresso_update_question_group_order', array($this, 'update_question_group_order'));
-    }
-
-
-    public function load_scripts_styles_question_groups()
-    {
-        wp_enqueue_script('espresso_ajax_table_sorting');
-    }
-
-
-    public function load_scripts_styles_add_question_group()
-    {
-        $this->load_scripts_styles_forms();
-        $this->load_sortable_question_script();
-    }
-
-    public function load_scripts_styles_edit_question_group()
-    {
-        $this->load_scripts_styles_forms();
-        $this->load_sortable_question_script();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * registers and enqueues script for questions
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function load_sortable_question_script()
-    {
-        wp_register_script('ee-question-sortable', REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ASSETS_URL . 'ee_question_order.js',
-            array('jquery-ui-sortable'), EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, true);
-        wp_enqueue_script('ee-question-sortable');
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _set_list_table_views_default()
-    {
-        $this->_views = array(
-            'all' => array(
-                'slug'        => 'all',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('View All Questions', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'trash_questions' => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_delete_questions',
-            'espresso_registration_form_trash_questions')
-        ) {
-            $this->_views['trash'] = array(
-                'slug'        => 'trash',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'delete_questions'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'restore_questions' => esc_html__('Restore', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _set_list_table_views_question_groups()
-    {
-        $this->_views = array(
-            'all' => array(
-                'slug'        => 'all',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('All', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'trash_question_groups' => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_delete_question_groups',
-            'espresso_registration_form_trash_question_groups')
-        ) {
-            $this->_views['trash'] = array(
-                'slug'        => 'trash',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'delete_question_groups'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'restore_question_groups' => esc_html__('Restore', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _questions_overview_list_table()
-    {
-        $this->_admin_page_title .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
-                'add_question',
-                'add_question',
-                array(),
-                'add-new-h2'
-            );
-        parent::_questions_overview_list_table();
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _question_groups_overview_list_table()
-    {
-        $this->_search_btn_label = esc_html__('Question Groups', 'event_espresso');
-        $this->_admin_page_title .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
-                'add_question_group',
-                'add_question_group',
-                array(),
-                'add-new-h2'
-            );
-        $this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _delete_question()
-    {
-        $success = $this->_delete_items($this->_question_model);
-        $this->_redirect_after_action(
-            $success,
-            $this->_question_model->item_name($success),
-            'deleted',
-            array('action' => 'default', 'status' => 'all')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _delete_questions()
-    {
-        $success = $this->_delete_items($this->_question_model);
-        $this->_redirect_after_action(
-            $success,
-            $this->_question_model->item_name($success),
-            'deleted permanently',
-            array('action' => 'default', 'status' => 'trash')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Performs the deletion of a single or multiple questions or question groups.
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model
-     * @return int number of items deleted permanently
-     */
-    private function _delete_items(EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model)
-    {
-        $success = 0;
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-        if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-            // if array has more than one element than success message should be plural
-            $success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-            // cycle thru bulk action checkboxes
-            while (list($ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-                if (! $this->_delete_item($ID, $model)) {
-                    $success = 0;
-                }
-            }
-
-        } elseif (! empty($this->_req_data['QSG_ID'])) {
-            $success = $this->_delete_item($this->_req_data['QSG_ID'], $model);
-
-        } elseif (! empty($this->_req_data['QST_ID'])) {
-            $success = $this->_delete_item($this->_req_data['QST_ID'], $model);
-        } else {
-            EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(esc_html__("No Questions or Question Groups were selected for deleting. This error usually shows when you've attempted to delete via bulk action but there were no selections.",
-                "event_espresso")), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-        }
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes the specified question (and its associated question options) or question group
-     *
-     * @param int                  $id
-     * @param EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    protected function _delete_item($id, $model)
-    {
-        if ($model instanceof EEM_Question) {
-            EEM_Question_Option::instance()->delete_permanently(array(array('QST_ID' => absint($id))));
-        }
-        return $model->delete_permanently_by_ID(absint($id));
-    }
-
-
-    /******************************    QUESTION GROUPS    ******************************/
-
-
-    protected function _edit_question_group($type = 'add')
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-        $ID = isset($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) ? absint($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) : false;
-
-        switch ($this->_req_action) {
-            case 'add_question_group' :
-                $this->_admin_page_title = esc_html__('Add Question Group', 'event_espresso');
-                break;
-            case 'edit_question_group' :
-                $this->_admin_page_title = esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso');
-                break;
-            default :
-                $this->_admin_page_title = ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $this->_req_action));
-        }
-        // add ID to title if editing
-        $this->_admin_page_title = $ID ? $this->_admin_page_title . ' # ' . $ID : $this->_admin_page_title;
-        if ($ID) {
-            /** @var EE_Question_Group $questionGroup */
-            $questionGroup            = $this->_question_group_model->get_one_by_ID($ID);
-            $additional_hidden_fields = array('QSG_ID' => array('type' => 'hidden', 'value' => $ID));
-            $this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_question_group', $additional_hidden_fields);
-        } else {
-            /** @var EE_Question_Group $questionGroup */
-            $questionGroup = EEM_Question_Group::instance()->create_default_object();
-            $questionGroup->set_order_to_latest();
-            $this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('insert_question_group');
-        }
-        $this->_template_args['values']         = $this->_yes_no_values;
-        $this->_template_args['all_questions']  = $questionGroup->questions_in_and_not_in_group();
-        $this->_template_args['QSG_ID']         = $ID ? $ID : true;
-        $this->_template_args['question_group'] = $questionGroup;
-
-        $redirect_URL = add_query_arg(array('action' => 'question_groups'), $this->_admin_base_url);
-        $this->_set_publish_post_box_vars('id', $ID, false, $redirect_URL);
-        $this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_Template::display_template(REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'question_groups_main_meta_box.template.php',
-            $this->_template_args, true);
-
-        // the details template wrapper
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    protected function _delete_question_groups()
-    {
-        $success = $this->_delete_items($this->_question_group_model);
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, $this->_question_group_model->item_name($success),
-            'deleted permanently', array('action' => 'question_groups', 'status' => 'trash'));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $new_question_group
-     */
-    protected function _insert_or_update_question_group($new_question_group = true)
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-        $set_column_values = $this->_set_column_values_for($this->_question_group_model);
-        if ($new_question_group) {
-            $QSG_ID  = $this->_question_group_model->insert($set_column_values);
-            $success = $QSG_ID ? 1 : 0;
-        } else {
-            $QSG_ID = absint($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']);
-            unset($set_column_values['QSG_ID']);
-            $success = $this->_question_group_model->update($set_column_values, array(array('QSG_ID' => $QSG_ID)));
-        }
-        $phone_question_id = EEM_Question::instance()->get_Question_ID_from_system_string(EEM_Attendee::system_question_phone);
-        // update the existing related questions
-        // BUT FIRST...  delete the phone question from the Question_Group_Question if it is being added to this question group (therefore removed from the existing group)
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['questions'], $this->_req_data['questions'][$phone_question_id])) {
-            // delete where QST ID = system phone question ID and Question Group ID is NOT this group
-            EEM_Question_Group_Question::instance()->delete(array(
-                array(
-                    'QST_ID' => $phone_question_id,
-                    'QSG_ID' => array('!=', $QSG_ID),
-                ),
-            ));
-        }
-        /** @type EE_Question_Group $question_group */
-        $question_group = $this->_question_group_model->get_one_by_ID($QSG_ID);
-        $questions      = $question_group->questions();
-        // make sure system phone question is added to list of questions for this group
-        if (! isset($questions[$phone_question_id])) {
-            $questions[$phone_question_id] = EEM_Question::instance()->get_one_by_ID($phone_question_id);
-        }
-
-        foreach ($questions as $question_ID => $question) {
-            // first we always check for order.
-            if (! empty($this->_req_data['question_orders'][$question_ID])) {
-                //update question order
-                $question_group->update_question_order($question_ID, $this->_req_data['question_orders'][$question_ID]);
-            }
-
-            // then we always check if adding or removing.
-            if (isset($this->_req_data['questions'], $this->_req_data['questions'][$question_ID])) {
-                $question_group->add_question($question_ID);
-            } else {
-                // not found, remove it (but only if not a system question for the personal group with the exception of lname system question - we allow removal of it)
-                if (
-                in_array(
-                    $question->system_ID(),
-                    EEM_Question::instance()->required_system_questions_in_system_question_group($question_group->system_group())
-                )
-                ) {
-                    continue;
-                } else {
-                    $question_group->remove_question($question_ID);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // save new related questions
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['questions'])) {
-            foreach ($this->_req_data['questions'] as $QST_ID) {
-                $question_group->add_question($QST_ID);
-                if (isset($this->_req_data['question_orders'][$QST_ID])) {
-                    $question_group->update_question_order($QST_ID, $this->_req_data['question_orders'][$QST_ID]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ($success !== false) {
-            $msg = $new_question_group ? sprintf(esc_html__('The %s has been created', 'event_espresso'),
-                $this->_question_group_model->item_name()) : sprintf(esc_html__('The %s has been updated',
-                'event_espresso'), $this->_question_group_model->item_name());
-            EE_Error::add_success($msg);
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array('action' => 'edit_question_group', 'QSG_ID' => $QSG_ID),
-            true);
-
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * duplicates a question and all its question options and redirects to the new question.
-     */
-    public function _duplicate_question()
-    {
-        $question_ID = (int)$this->_req_data['QST_ID'];
-        $question    = EEM_Question::instance()->get_one_by_ID($question_ID);
-        if ($question instanceof EE_Question) {
-            $new_question = $question->duplicate();
-            if ($new_question instanceof EE_Question) {
-                $this->_redirect_after_action(true, esc_html__('Question', 'event_espresso'),
-                    esc_html__('Duplicated', 'event_espresso'),
-                    array('action' => 'edit_question', 'QST_ID' => $new_question->ID()), true);
-            } else {
-                global $wpdb;
-                EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(esc_html__('Could not duplicate question with ID %1$d because: %2$s',
-                    'event_espresso'), $question_ID, $wpdb->last_error), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                $this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array('action' => 'default'), false);
-            }
-        } else {
-            EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(esc_html__('Could not duplicate question with ID %d because it didn\'t exist!',
-                'event_espresso'), $question_ID), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            $this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array('action' => 'default'), false);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $trash
-     */
-    protected function _trash_or_restore_question_groups($trash = true)
-    {
-        $this->_trash_or_restore_items($this->_question_group_model, $trash);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *_trash_question
-     */
-    protected function _trash_question()
-    {
-        $success    = $this->_question_model->delete_by_ID((int)$this->_req_data['QST_ID']);
-        $query_args = array('action' => 'default', 'status' => 'all');
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, $this->_question_model->item_name($success), 'trashed', $query_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $trash
-     */
-    protected function _trash_or_restore_questions($trash = true)
-    {
-        $this->_trash_or_restore_items($this->_question_model, $trash);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Internally used to delete or restore items, using the request data. Meant to be
-     * flexible between question or question groups
-     *
-     * @param EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model
-     * @param boolean              $trash whether to trash or restore
-     */
-    private function _trash_or_restore_items(EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model, $trash = true)
-    {
-
-        do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
-
-        $success = 1;
-        //Checkboxes
-        //echo "trash $trash";
-        //var_dump($this->_req_data['checkbox']);die;
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-            if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-                // if array has more than one element than success message should be plural
-                $success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-                // cycle thru bulk action checkboxes
-                while (list($ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-                    if (! $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($trash, absint($ID))) {
-                        $success = 0;
-                    }
-                }
-
-            } else {
-                // grab single id and delete
-                $ID = absint($this->_req_data['checkbox']);
-                if (! $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($trash, $ID)) {
-                    $success = 0;
-                }
-            }
-
-        } else {
-            // delete via trash link
-            // grab single id and delete
-            $ID = absint($this->_req_data[$model->primary_key_name()]);
-            if (! $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($trash, $ID)) {
-                $success = 0;
-            }
-
-        }
-
-
-        $action = $model instanceof EEM_Question ? 'default' : 'question_groups';//strtolower( $model->item_name(2) );
-        //echo "action :$action";
-        //$action = 'questions' ? 'default' : $action;
-        if ($trash) {
-            $action_desc = 'trashed';
-            $status      = 'trash';
-        } else {
-            $action_desc = 'restored';
-            $status      = 'all';
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, $model->item_name($success), $action_desc,
-            array('action' => $action, 'status' => $status));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param            $per_page
-     * @param int        $current_page
-     * @param bool|false $count
-     * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]|int
-     */
-    public function get_trashed_questions($per_page, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
-    {
-        $query_params = $this->get_query_params(EEM_Question::instance(), $per_page, $current_page);
-
-        if ($count) {
-            //note: this a subclass of EEM_Soft_Delete_Base, so this is actually only getting non-trashed items
-            $where   = isset($query_params[0]) ? array($query_params[0]) : array();
-            $results = $this->_question_model->count_deleted($where);
-        } else {
-            //note: this a subclass of EEM_Soft_Delete_Base, so this is actually only getting non-trashed items
-            $results = $this->_question_model->get_all_deleted($query_params);
-        }
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param            $per_page
-     * @param int        $current_page
-     * @param bool|false $count
-     * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]
-     */
-    public function get_question_groups($per_page, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
-    {
-        $questionGroupModel = EEM_Question_Group::instance();
-        $query_params       = $this->get_query_params($questionGroupModel, $per_page, $current_page);
-        if ($count) {
-            $where   = isset($query_params[0]) ? array($query_params[0]) : array();
-            $results = $questionGroupModel->count($where);
-        } else {
-            $results = $questionGroupModel->get_all($query_params);
-        }
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param      $per_page
-     * @param int  $current_page
-     * @param bool $count
-     * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]|int
-     */
-    public function get_trashed_question_groups($per_page, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
-    {
-        $questionGroupModel = EEM_Question_Group::instance();
-        $query_params       = $this->get_query_params($questionGroupModel, $per_page, $current_page);
-        if ($count) {
-            $where                 = isset($query_params[0]) ? array($query_params[0]) : array();
-            $query_params['limit'] = null;
-            $results               = $questionGroupModel->count_deleted($where);
-        } else {
-            $results = $questionGroupModel->get_all_deleted($query_params);
-        }
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * method for performing updates to question order
-     *
-     * @return array results array
-     */
-    public function update_question_group_order()
-    {
-
-        $success = esc_html__('Question group order was updated successfully.', 'event_espresso');
-
-        // grab our row IDs
-        $row_ids = isset($this->_req_data['row_ids']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['row_ids'])
-            ? explode(',', rtrim($this->_req_data['row_ids'], ','))
-            : array();
-
-        $perpage = ! empty($this->_req_data['perpage'])
-            ? (int)$this->_req_data['perpage']
-            : null;
-        $curpage = ! empty($this->_req_data['curpage'])
-            ? (int)$this->_req_data['curpage']
-            : null;
-
-        if (! empty($row_ids)) {
-            //figure out where we start the row_id count at for the current page.
-            $qsgcount = empty($curpage) ? 0 : ($curpage - 1) * $perpage;
-
-            $row_count = count($row_ids);
-            for ($i = 0; $i < $row_count; $i++) {
-                //Update the questions when re-ordering
-                $updated = EEM_Question_Group::instance()->update(
-                    array('QSG_order' => $qsgcount),
-                    array(array('QSG_ID' => $row_ids[$i]))
-                );
-                if ($updated === false) {
-                    $success = false;
-                }
-                $qsgcount++;
-            }
-        } else {
-            $success = false;
-        }
-
-        $errors = ! $success
-            ? esc_html__('An error occurred. The question group order was not updated.', 'event_espresso')
-            : false;
-
-        echo wp_json_encode(array('return_data' => false, 'success' => $success, 'errors' => $errors));
-        die();
-
-    }
-
-
-
-    /***************************************        REGISTRATION SETTINGS        ***************************************/
-
-
-    /**
-     * _reg_form_settings
-     *
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _reg_form_settings()
-    {
-        $this->_template_args['values'] = $this->_yes_no_values;
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___reg_form_settings_template',
-            array($this, 'email_validation_settings_form'),
-            2
-        );
-        $this->_template_args = (array)apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___reg_form_settings___template_args',
-            $this->_template_args
-        );
-        $this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_reg_form_settings');
-        $this->_set_publish_post_box_vars(null, false, false, null, false);
-        $this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_Template::display_template(
-            REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'reg_form_settings.template.php',
-            $this->_template_args,
-            true
-        );
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _update_reg_form_settings
-     */
-    protected function _update_reg_form_settings()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration = $this->update_email_validation_settings_form(
-            EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration
-        );
-        EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___update_reg_form_settings__CFG_registration',
-            EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration
-        );
-        $success                                   = $this->_update_espresso_configuration(
-            esc_html__('Registration Form Options', 'event_espresso'),
-            EE_Registry::instance()->CFG,
-            __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
-        );
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, esc_html__('Registration Form Options', 'event_espresso'), 'updated',
-            array('action' => 'view_reg_form_settings'));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * email_validation_settings_form
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @return    void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function email_validation_settings_form()
-    {
-        echo $this->_email_validation_settings_form()->get_html();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _email_validation_settings_form
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _email_validation_settings_form()
-    {
-        return new EE_Form_Section_Proper(
-            array(
-                'name'            => 'email_validation_settings',
-                'html_id'         => 'email_validation_settings',
-                'layout_strategy' => new EE_Admin_Two_Column_Layout(),
-                'subsections'     => apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___email_validation_settings_form__form_subsections',
-                    array(
-                        'email_validation_hdr'   => new EE_Form_Section_HTML(
-                            EEH_HTML::h2(esc_html__('Email Validation Settings', 'event_espresso'))
-                        ),
-                        'email_validation_level' => new EE_Select_Input(
-                            array(
-                                'basic'      => esc_html__('Basic', 'event_espresso'),
-                                'wp_default' => esc_html__('WordPress Default', 'event_espresso'),
-                                'i18n'       => esc_html__('International', 'event_espresso'),
-                                'i18n_dns'   => esc_html__('International + DNS Check', 'event_espresso'),
-                            ),
-                            array(
-                                'html_label_text' => esc_html__('Email Validation Level', 'event_espresso')
-                                                     . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link('email_validation_info'),
-                                'html_help_text'  => esc_html__('These levels range from basic validation ( ie: text@text.text ) to more advanced checks against international email addresses (ie: üñîçøðé@example.com ) with additional MX and A record checks to confirm the domain actually exists. More information on on each level can be found within the help section.',
-                                    'event_espresso'),
-                                'default'         => isset(EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->email_validation_level)
-                                    ? EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->email_validation_level
-                                    : 'wp_default',
-                                'required'        => false,
-                            )
-                        ),
-                    )
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_email_validation_settings_form
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @param \EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config
-     * @return \EE_Registration_Config
-     */
-    public function update_email_validation_settings_form(EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config)
-    {
-        $prev_email_validation_level = $EE_Registration_Config->email_validation_level;
-        try {
-            $email_validation_settings_form = $this->_email_validation_settings_form();
-            // if not displaying a form, then check for form submission
-            if ($email_validation_settings_form->was_submitted()) {
-                // capture form data
-                $email_validation_settings_form->receive_form_submission();
-                // validate form data
-                if ($email_validation_settings_form->is_valid()) {
-                    // grab validated data from form
-                    $valid_data = $email_validation_settings_form->valid_data();
-                    if (isset($valid_data['email_validation_level'])) {
-                        $email_validation_level = $valid_data['email_validation_level'];
-                        // now if they want to use international email addresses
-                        if ($email_validation_level === 'i18n' || $email_validation_level === 'i18n_dns') {
-                            // in case we need to reset their email validation level,
-                            // make sure that the previous value wasn't already set to one of the i18n options.
-                            if ($prev_email_validation_level === 'i18n' || $prev_email_validation_level === 'i18n_dns') {
-                                // if so, then reset it back to "basic" since that is the only other option that,
-                                // despite offering poor validation, supports i18n email addresses
-                                $prev_email_validation_level = 'basic';
-                            }
-                            // confirm our i18n email validation will work on the server
-                            if (! $this->_verify_pcre_support($EE_Registration_Config, $email_validation_level)) {
-                                // or reset email validation level to previous value
-                                $email_validation_level = $prev_email_validation_level;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        $EE_Registration_Config->email_validation_level = $email_validation_level;
-                    } else {
-                        EE_Error::add_error(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                'Invalid or missing Email Validation settings. Please refresh the form and try again.',
-                                'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
-                        );
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if ($email_validation_settings_form->submission_error_message() !== '') {
-                        EE_Error::add_error(
-                            $email_validation_settings_form->submission_error_message(),
-                            __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            $e->get_error();
-        }
-        return $EE_Registration_Config;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * confirms that the server's PHP version has the PCRE module enabled,
-     * and that the PCRE version works with our i18n email validation
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config
-     * @param string                  $email_validation_level
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _verify_pcre_support(EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config, $email_validation_level)
-    {
-        // first check that PCRE is enabled
-        if (! defined('PREG_BAD_UTF8_ERROR')) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'We\'re sorry, but it appears that your server\'s version of PHP was not compiled with PCRE unicode support.%1$sPlease contact your hosting company and ask them whether the PCRE compiled with your version of PHP on your server can be been built with the "--enable-unicode-properties" and "--enable-utf8" configuration switches to enable more complex regex expressions.%1$sIf they are unable, or unwilling to do so, then your server will not support international email addresses using UTF-8 unicode characters. This means you will either have to lower your email validation level to "Basic" or "WordPress Default", or switch to a hosting company that has/can enable PCRE unicode support on the server.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    '<br />'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        } else {
-            // PCRE support is enabled, but let's still
-            // perform a test to see if the server will support it.
-            // but first, save the updated validation level to the config,
-            // so that the validation strategy picks it up.
-            // this will get bumped back down if it doesn't work
-            $EE_Registration_Config->email_validation_level = $email_validation_level;
-            try {
-                $email_validator    = new EE_Email_Validation_Strategy();
-                $i18n_email_address = apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page__update_email_validation_settings_form__i18n_email_address',
-                    'jägerjürgen@deutschland.com'
-                );
-                $email_validator->validate($i18n_email_address);
-            } catch (Exception $e) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'We\'re sorry, but it appears that your server\'s configuration will not support the "International" or "International + DNS Check" email validation levels.%1$sTo correct this issue, please consult with your hosting company regarding your server\'s PCRE settings.%1$sIt is recommended that your PHP version be configured to use PCRE 8.10 or newer.%1$sMore information regarding PCRE versions and installation can be found here: %2$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        '<br />',
-                        '<a href="http://php.net/manual/en/pcre.installation.php" target="_blank">http://php.net/manual/en/pcre.installation.php</a>'
-                    ),
-                    __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
-                );
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @Constructor
+	 * @param bool $routing indicate whether we want to just load the object and handle routing or just load the object.
+	 * @access public
+	 */
+	public function __construct($routing = true)
+	{
+		define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'registration_form' . DS);
+		define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ASSETS_PATH', REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN . 'assets' . DS);
+		define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'registration_form/assets/');
+		define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH', REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN . 'templates' . DS);
+		define('REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'registration_form/templates/');
+		parent::__construct($routing);
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _extend_page_config()
+	{
+		$this->_admin_base_path = REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ADMIN;
+		$qst_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['QST_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['QST_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['QST_ID'] : 0;
+		$qsg_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) ? $this->_req_data['QSG_ID'] : 0;
+
+		$new_page_routes    = array(
+			'question_groups'    => array(
+				'func'       => '_question_groups_overview_list_table',
+				'capability' => 'ee_read_question_groups',
+			),
+			'add_question'       => array(
+				'func'       => '_edit_question',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_questions',
+			),
+			'insert_question'    => array(
+				'func'       => '_insert_or_update_question',
+				'args'       => array('new_question' => true),
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_questions',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'duplicate_question' => array(
+				'func'       => '_duplicate_question',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_questions',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'trash_question'     => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_question',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question',
+				'obj_id'     => $qst_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'restore_question' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_questions',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question',
+				'obj_id'     => $qst_id,
+				'args'       => array('trash' => false),
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'delete_question' => array(
+				'func'       => '_delete_question',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question',
+				'obj_id'     => $qst_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'trash_questions' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_questions',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_questions',
+				'args'       => array('trash' => true),
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'restore_questions' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_questions',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_questions',
+				'args'       => array('trash' => false),
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'delete_questions' => array(
+				'func'       => '_delete_questions',
+				'args'       => array(),
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_questions',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'add_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_edit_question_group',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_groups',
+			),
+
+			'edit_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_edit_question_group',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_group',
+				'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
+				'args'       => array('edit'),
+			),
+
+			'delete_question_groups' => array(
+				'func'       => '_delete_question_groups',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_groups',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'delete_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_delete_question_groups',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_group',
+				'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'trash_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
+				'args'       => array('trash' => true),
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_group',
+				'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'restore_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
+				'args'       => array('trash' => false),
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_group',
+				'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'insert_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_insert_or_update_question_group',
+				'args'       => array('new_question_group' => true),
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_groups',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'update_question_group' => array(
+				'func'       => '_insert_or_update_question_group',
+				'args'       => array('new_question_group' => false),
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_group',
+				'obj_id'     => $qsg_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'trash_question_groups' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
+				'args'       => array('trash' => true),
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_groups',
+				'noheader'   => array('trash' => false),
+			),
+
+			'restore_question_groups' => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_question_groups',
+				'args'       => array('trash' => false),
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_question_groups',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+
+			'espresso_update_question_group_order' => array(
+				'func'       => 'update_question_group_order',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_question_groups',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+
+			'view_reg_form_settings' => array(
+				'func'       => '_reg_form_settings',
+				'capability' => 'manage_options',
+			),
+
+			'update_reg_form_settings' => array(
+				'func'       => '_update_reg_form_settings',
+				'capability' => 'manage_options',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+		);
+		$this->_page_routes = array_merge($this->_page_routes, $new_page_routes);
+
+		$new_page_config    = array(
+
+			'question_groups' => array(
+				'nav'           => array(
+					'label' => esc_html__('Question Groups', 'event_espresso'),
+					'order' => 20,
+				),
+				'list_table'    => 'Registration_Form_Question_Groups_Admin_List_Table',
+				'help_tabs'     => array(
+					'registration_form_question_groups_help_tab'                           => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Question Groups', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_question_groups',
+					),
+					'registration_form_question_groups_table_column_headings_help_tab'     => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Question Groups Table Column Headings', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_question_groups_table_column_headings',
+					),
+					'registration_form_question_groups_views_bulk_actions_search_help_tab' => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Question Groups Views & Bulk Actions & Search', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_question_groups_views_bulk_actions_search',
+					),
+				),
+				'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Question_Groups_Help_Tour'),
+				'metaboxes'     => $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes,
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+				'qtips'         => array(
+					'EE_Registration_Form_Tips',
+				),
+			),
+
+			'add_question' => array(
+				'nav'           => array(
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Add Question', 'event_espresso'),
+					'order'      => 5,
+					'persistent' => false,
+				),
+				'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
+				'help_tabs'     => array(
+					'registration_form_add_question_help_tab' => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Add Question', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_add_question',
+					),
+				),
+				'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Add_Question_Help_Tour'),
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			),
+
+			'add_question_group' => array(
+				'nav'           => array(
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Add Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+					'order'      => 5,
+					'persistent' => false,
+				),
+				'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
+				'help_tabs'     => array(
+					'registration_form_add_question_group_help_tab' => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Add Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_add_question_group',
+					),
+				),
+				'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Add_Question_Group_Help_Tour'),
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			),
+
+			'edit_question_group' => array(
+				'nav'           => array(
+					'label'      => esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+					'order'      => 5,
+					'persistent' => false,
+					'url'        => isset($this->_req_data['question_group_id']) ? add_query_arg(array('question_group_id' => $this->_req_data['question_group_id']),
+						$this->_current_page_view_url) : $this->_admin_base_url,
+				),
+				'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
+				'help_tabs'     => array(
+					'registration_form_edit_question_group_help_tab' => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_edit_question_group',
+					),
+				),
+				'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Edit_Question_Group_Help_Tour'),
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			),
+
+			'view_reg_form_settings' => array(
+				'nav'           => array(
+					'label' => esc_html__('Reg Form Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+					'order' => 40,
+				),
+				'labels'        => array(
+					'publishbox' => esc_html__('Update Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+				'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
+				'help_tabs'     => array(
+					'registration_form_reg_form_settings_help_tab' => array(
+						'title'    => esc_html__('Registration Form Settings', 'event_espresso'),
+						'filename' => 'registration_form_reg_form_settings',
+					),
+				),
+				'help_tour'     => array('Registration_Form_Settings_Help_Tour'),
+				'require_nonce' => false,
+			),
+
+		);
+		$this->_page_config = array_merge($this->_page_config, $new_page_config);
+
+		//change the list table we're going to use so it's the NEW list table!
+		$this->_page_config['default']['list_table'] = 'Extend_Registration_Form_Questions_Admin_List_Table';
+
+
+		//additional labels
+		$new_labels               = array(
+			'add_question'          => esc_html__('Add New Question', 'event_espresso'),
+			'delete_question'       => esc_html__('Delete Question', 'event_espresso'),
+			'add_question_group'    => esc_html__('Add New Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+			'edit_question_group'   => esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+			'delete_question_group' => esc_html__('Delete Question Group', 'event_espresso'),
+		);
+		$this->_labels['buttons'] = array_merge($this->_labels['buttons'], $new_labels);
+
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _ajax_hooks()
+	{
+		add_action('wp_ajax_espresso_update_question_group_order', array($this, 'update_question_group_order'));
+	}
+
+
+	public function load_scripts_styles_question_groups()
+	{
+		wp_enqueue_script('espresso_ajax_table_sorting');
+	}
+
+
+	public function load_scripts_styles_add_question_group()
+	{
+		$this->load_scripts_styles_forms();
+		$this->load_sortable_question_script();
+	}
+
+	public function load_scripts_styles_edit_question_group()
+	{
+		$this->load_scripts_styles_forms();
+		$this->load_sortable_question_script();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * registers and enqueues script for questions
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function load_sortable_question_script()
+	{
+		wp_register_script('ee-question-sortable', REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_ASSETS_URL . 'ee_question_order.js',
+			array('jquery-ui-sortable'), EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, true);
+		wp_enqueue_script('ee-question-sortable');
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _set_list_table_views_default()
+	{
+		$this->_views = array(
+			'all' => array(
+				'slug'        => 'all',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('View All Questions', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'trash_questions' => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_delete_questions',
+			'espresso_registration_form_trash_questions')
+		) {
+			$this->_views['trash'] = array(
+				'slug'        => 'trash',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'delete_questions'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
+					'restore_questions' => esc_html__('Restore', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _set_list_table_views_question_groups()
+	{
+		$this->_views = array(
+			'all' => array(
+				'slug'        => 'all',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('All', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'trash_question_groups' => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_delete_question_groups',
+			'espresso_registration_form_trash_question_groups')
+		) {
+			$this->_views['trash'] = array(
+				'slug'        => 'trash',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'delete_question_groups'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
+					'restore_question_groups' => esc_html__('Restore', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _questions_overview_list_table()
+	{
+		$this->_admin_page_title .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
+				'add_question',
+				'add_question',
+				array(),
+				'add-new-h2'
+			);
+		parent::_questions_overview_list_table();
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _question_groups_overview_list_table()
+	{
+		$this->_search_btn_label = esc_html__('Question Groups', 'event_espresso');
+		$this->_admin_page_title .= ' ' . $this->get_action_link_or_button(
+				'add_question_group',
+				'add_question_group',
+				array(),
+				'add-new-h2'
+			);
+		$this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _delete_question()
+	{
+		$success = $this->_delete_items($this->_question_model);
+		$this->_redirect_after_action(
+			$success,
+			$this->_question_model->item_name($success),
+			'deleted',
+			array('action' => 'default', 'status' => 'all')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _delete_questions()
+	{
+		$success = $this->_delete_items($this->_question_model);
+		$this->_redirect_after_action(
+			$success,
+			$this->_question_model->item_name($success),
+			'deleted permanently',
+			array('action' => 'default', 'status' => 'trash')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Performs the deletion of a single or multiple questions or question groups.
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model
+	 * @return int number of items deleted permanently
+	 */
+	private function _delete_items(EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model)
+	{
+		$success = 0;
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+		if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+			// if array has more than one element than success message should be plural
+			$success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
+			// cycle thru bulk action checkboxes
+			while (list($ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+				if (! $this->_delete_item($ID, $model)) {
+					$success = 0;
+				}
+			}
+
+		} elseif (! empty($this->_req_data['QSG_ID'])) {
+			$success = $this->_delete_item($this->_req_data['QSG_ID'], $model);
+
+		} elseif (! empty($this->_req_data['QST_ID'])) {
+			$success = $this->_delete_item($this->_req_data['QST_ID'], $model);
+		} else {
+			EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(esc_html__("No Questions or Question Groups were selected for deleting. This error usually shows when you've attempted to delete via bulk action but there were no selections.",
+				"event_espresso")), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+		}
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes the specified question (and its associated question options) or question group
+	 *
+	 * @param int                  $id
+	 * @param EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_item($id, $model)
+	{
+		if ($model instanceof EEM_Question) {
+			EEM_Question_Option::instance()->delete_permanently(array(array('QST_ID' => absint($id))));
+		}
+		return $model->delete_permanently_by_ID(absint($id));
+	}
+
+
+	/******************************    QUESTION GROUPS    ******************************/
+
+
+	protected function _edit_question_group($type = 'add')
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+		$ID = isset($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) ? absint($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']) : false;
+
+		switch ($this->_req_action) {
+			case 'add_question_group' :
+				$this->_admin_page_title = esc_html__('Add Question Group', 'event_espresso');
+				break;
+			case 'edit_question_group' :
+				$this->_admin_page_title = esc_html__('Edit Question Group', 'event_espresso');
+				break;
+			default :
+				$this->_admin_page_title = ucwords(str_replace('_', ' ', $this->_req_action));
+		}
+		// add ID to title if editing
+		$this->_admin_page_title = $ID ? $this->_admin_page_title . ' # ' . $ID : $this->_admin_page_title;
+		if ($ID) {
+			/** @var EE_Question_Group $questionGroup */
+			$questionGroup            = $this->_question_group_model->get_one_by_ID($ID);
+			$additional_hidden_fields = array('QSG_ID' => array('type' => 'hidden', 'value' => $ID));
+			$this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_question_group', $additional_hidden_fields);
+		} else {
+			/** @var EE_Question_Group $questionGroup */
+			$questionGroup = EEM_Question_Group::instance()->create_default_object();
+			$questionGroup->set_order_to_latest();
+			$this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('insert_question_group');
+		}
+		$this->_template_args['values']         = $this->_yes_no_values;
+		$this->_template_args['all_questions']  = $questionGroup->questions_in_and_not_in_group();
+		$this->_template_args['QSG_ID']         = $ID ? $ID : true;
+		$this->_template_args['question_group'] = $questionGroup;
+
+		$redirect_URL = add_query_arg(array('action' => 'question_groups'), $this->_admin_base_url);
+		$this->_set_publish_post_box_vars('id', $ID, false, $redirect_URL);
+		$this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_Template::display_template(REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'question_groups_main_meta_box.template.php',
+			$this->_template_args, true);
+
+		// the details template wrapper
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	protected function _delete_question_groups()
+	{
+		$success = $this->_delete_items($this->_question_group_model);
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, $this->_question_group_model->item_name($success),
+			'deleted permanently', array('action' => 'question_groups', 'status' => 'trash'));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $new_question_group
+	 */
+	protected function _insert_or_update_question_group($new_question_group = true)
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+		$set_column_values = $this->_set_column_values_for($this->_question_group_model);
+		if ($new_question_group) {
+			$QSG_ID  = $this->_question_group_model->insert($set_column_values);
+			$success = $QSG_ID ? 1 : 0;
+		} else {
+			$QSG_ID = absint($this->_req_data['QSG_ID']);
+			unset($set_column_values['QSG_ID']);
+			$success = $this->_question_group_model->update($set_column_values, array(array('QSG_ID' => $QSG_ID)));
+		}
+		$phone_question_id = EEM_Question::instance()->get_Question_ID_from_system_string(EEM_Attendee::system_question_phone);
+		// update the existing related questions
+		// BUT FIRST...  delete the phone question from the Question_Group_Question if it is being added to this question group (therefore removed from the existing group)
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['questions'], $this->_req_data['questions'][$phone_question_id])) {
+			// delete where QST ID = system phone question ID and Question Group ID is NOT this group
+			EEM_Question_Group_Question::instance()->delete(array(
+				array(
+					'QST_ID' => $phone_question_id,
+					'QSG_ID' => array('!=', $QSG_ID),
+				),
+			));
+		}
+		/** @type EE_Question_Group $question_group */
+		$question_group = $this->_question_group_model->get_one_by_ID($QSG_ID);
+		$questions      = $question_group->questions();
+		// make sure system phone question is added to list of questions for this group
+		if (! isset($questions[$phone_question_id])) {
+			$questions[$phone_question_id] = EEM_Question::instance()->get_one_by_ID($phone_question_id);
+		}
+
+		foreach ($questions as $question_ID => $question) {
+			// first we always check for order.
+			if (! empty($this->_req_data['question_orders'][$question_ID])) {
+				//update question order
+				$question_group->update_question_order($question_ID, $this->_req_data['question_orders'][$question_ID]);
+			}
+
+			// then we always check if adding or removing.
+			if (isset($this->_req_data['questions'], $this->_req_data['questions'][$question_ID])) {
+				$question_group->add_question($question_ID);
+			} else {
+				// not found, remove it (but only if not a system question for the personal group with the exception of lname system question - we allow removal of it)
+				if (
+				in_array(
+					$question->system_ID(),
+					EEM_Question::instance()->required_system_questions_in_system_question_group($question_group->system_group())
+				)
+				) {
+					continue;
+				} else {
+					$question_group->remove_question($question_ID);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// save new related questions
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['questions'])) {
+			foreach ($this->_req_data['questions'] as $QST_ID) {
+				$question_group->add_question($QST_ID);
+				if (isset($this->_req_data['question_orders'][$QST_ID])) {
+					$question_group->update_question_order($QST_ID, $this->_req_data['question_orders'][$QST_ID]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ($success !== false) {
+			$msg = $new_question_group ? sprintf(esc_html__('The %s has been created', 'event_espresso'),
+				$this->_question_group_model->item_name()) : sprintf(esc_html__('The %s has been updated',
+				'event_espresso'), $this->_question_group_model->item_name());
+			EE_Error::add_success($msg);
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array('action' => 'edit_question_group', 'QSG_ID' => $QSG_ID),
+			true);
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * duplicates a question and all its question options and redirects to the new question.
+	 */
+	public function _duplicate_question()
+	{
+		$question_ID = (int)$this->_req_data['QST_ID'];
+		$question    = EEM_Question::instance()->get_one_by_ID($question_ID);
+		if ($question instanceof EE_Question) {
+			$new_question = $question->duplicate();
+			if ($new_question instanceof EE_Question) {
+				$this->_redirect_after_action(true, esc_html__('Question', 'event_espresso'),
+					esc_html__('Duplicated', 'event_espresso'),
+					array('action' => 'edit_question', 'QST_ID' => $new_question->ID()), true);
+			} else {
+				global $wpdb;
+				EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(esc_html__('Could not duplicate question with ID %1$d because: %2$s',
+					'event_espresso'), $question_ID, $wpdb->last_error), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+				$this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array('action' => 'default'), false);
+			}
+		} else {
+			EE_Error::add_error(sprintf(esc_html__('Could not duplicate question with ID %d because it didn\'t exist!',
+				'event_espresso'), $question_ID), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			$this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array('action' => 'default'), false);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $trash
+	 */
+	protected function _trash_or_restore_question_groups($trash = true)
+	{
+		$this->_trash_or_restore_items($this->_question_group_model, $trash);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *_trash_question
+	 */
+	protected function _trash_question()
+	{
+		$success    = $this->_question_model->delete_by_ID((int)$this->_req_data['QST_ID']);
+		$query_args = array('action' => 'default', 'status' => 'all');
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, $this->_question_model->item_name($success), 'trashed', $query_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $trash
+	 */
+	protected function _trash_or_restore_questions($trash = true)
+	{
+		$this->_trash_or_restore_items($this->_question_model, $trash);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Internally used to delete or restore items, using the request data. Meant to be
+	 * flexible between question or question groups
+	 *
+	 * @param EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model
+	 * @param boolean              $trash whether to trash or restore
+	 */
+	private function _trash_or_restore_items(EEM_Soft_Delete_Base $model, $trash = true)
+	{
+
+		do_action('AHEE_log', __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, '');
+
+		$success = 1;
+		//Checkboxes
+		//echo "trash $trash";
+		//var_dump($this->_req_data['checkbox']);die;
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+			if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+				// if array has more than one element than success message should be plural
+				$success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
+				// cycle thru bulk action checkboxes
+				while (list($ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+					if (! $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($trash, absint($ID))) {
+						$success = 0;
+					}
+				}
+
+			} else {
+				// grab single id and delete
+				$ID = absint($this->_req_data['checkbox']);
+				if (! $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($trash, $ID)) {
+					$success = 0;
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			// delete via trash link
+			// grab single id and delete
+			$ID = absint($this->_req_data[$model->primary_key_name()]);
+			if (! $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($trash, $ID)) {
+				$success = 0;
+			}
+
+		}
+
+
+		$action = $model instanceof EEM_Question ? 'default' : 'question_groups';//strtolower( $model->item_name(2) );
+		//echo "action :$action";
+		//$action = 'questions' ? 'default' : $action;
+		if ($trash) {
+			$action_desc = 'trashed';
+			$status      = 'trash';
+		} else {
+			$action_desc = 'restored';
+			$status      = 'all';
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, $model->item_name($success), $action_desc,
+			array('action' => $action, 'status' => $status));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param            $per_page
+	 * @param int        $current_page
+	 * @param bool|false $count
+	 * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]|int
+	 */
+	public function get_trashed_questions($per_page, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
+	{
+		$query_params = $this->get_query_params(EEM_Question::instance(), $per_page, $current_page);
+
+		if ($count) {
+			//note: this a subclass of EEM_Soft_Delete_Base, so this is actually only getting non-trashed items
+			$where   = isset($query_params[0]) ? array($query_params[0]) : array();
+			$results = $this->_question_model->count_deleted($where);
+		} else {
+			//note: this a subclass of EEM_Soft_Delete_Base, so this is actually only getting non-trashed items
+			$results = $this->_question_model->get_all_deleted($query_params);
+		}
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param            $per_page
+	 * @param int        $current_page
+	 * @param bool|false $count
+	 * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]
+	 */
+	public function get_question_groups($per_page, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
+	{
+		$questionGroupModel = EEM_Question_Group::instance();
+		$query_params       = $this->get_query_params($questionGroupModel, $per_page, $current_page);
+		if ($count) {
+			$where   = isset($query_params[0]) ? array($query_params[0]) : array();
+			$results = $questionGroupModel->count($where);
+		} else {
+			$results = $questionGroupModel->get_all($query_params);
+		}
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param      $per_page
+	 * @param int  $current_page
+	 * @param bool $count
+	 * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]|int
+	 */
+	public function get_trashed_question_groups($per_page, $current_page = 1, $count = false)
+	{
+		$questionGroupModel = EEM_Question_Group::instance();
+		$query_params       = $this->get_query_params($questionGroupModel, $per_page, $current_page);
+		if ($count) {
+			$where                 = isset($query_params[0]) ? array($query_params[0]) : array();
+			$query_params['limit'] = null;
+			$results               = $questionGroupModel->count_deleted($where);
+		} else {
+			$results = $questionGroupModel->get_all_deleted($query_params);
+		}
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * method for performing updates to question order
+	 *
+	 * @return array results array
+	 */
+	public function update_question_group_order()
+	{
+
+		$success = esc_html__('Question group order was updated successfully.', 'event_espresso');
+
+		// grab our row IDs
+		$row_ids = isset($this->_req_data['row_ids']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['row_ids'])
+			? explode(',', rtrim($this->_req_data['row_ids'], ','))
+			: array();
+
+		$perpage = ! empty($this->_req_data['perpage'])
+			? (int)$this->_req_data['perpage']
+			: null;
+		$curpage = ! empty($this->_req_data['curpage'])
+			? (int)$this->_req_data['curpage']
+			: null;
+
+		if (! empty($row_ids)) {
+			//figure out where we start the row_id count at for the current page.
+			$qsgcount = empty($curpage) ? 0 : ($curpage - 1) * $perpage;
+
+			$row_count = count($row_ids);
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $row_count; $i++) {
+				//Update the questions when re-ordering
+				$updated = EEM_Question_Group::instance()->update(
+					array('QSG_order' => $qsgcount),
+					array(array('QSG_ID' => $row_ids[$i]))
+				);
+				if ($updated === false) {
+					$success = false;
+				}
+				$qsgcount++;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$success = false;
+		}
+
+		$errors = ! $success
+			? esc_html__('An error occurred. The question group order was not updated.', 'event_espresso')
+			: false;
+
+		echo wp_json_encode(array('return_data' => false, 'success' => $success, 'errors' => $errors));
+		die();
+
+	}
+
+
+
+	/***************************************        REGISTRATION SETTINGS        ***************************************/
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _reg_form_settings
+	 *
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _reg_form_settings()
+	{
+		$this->_template_args['values'] = $this->_yes_no_values;
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___reg_form_settings_template',
+			array($this, 'email_validation_settings_form'),
+			2
+		);
+		$this->_template_args = (array)apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___reg_form_settings___template_args',
+			$this->_template_args
+		);
+		$this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_reg_form_settings');
+		$this->_set_publish_post_box_vars(null, false, false, null, false);
+		$this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_Template::display_template(
+			REGISTRATION_FORM_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'reg_form_settings.template.php',
+			$this->_template_args,
+			true
+		);
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _update_reg_form_settings
+	 */
+	protected function _update_reg_form_settings()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration = $this->update_email_validation_settings_form(
+			EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration
+		);
+		EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___update_reg_form_settings__CFG_registration',
+			EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration
+		);
+		$success                                   = $this->_update_espresso_configuration(
+			esc_html__('Registration Form Options', 'event_espresso'),
+			EE_Registry::instance()->CFG,
+			__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
+		);
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, esc_html__('Registration Form Options', 'event_espresso'), 'updated',
+			array('action' => 'view_reg_form_settings'));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * email_validation_settings_form
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @return    void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function email_validation_settings_form()
+	{
+		echo $this->_email_validation_settings_form()->get_html();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _email_validation_settings_form
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _email_validation_settings_form()
+	{
+		return new EE_Form_Section_Proper(
+			array(
+				'name'            => 'email_validation_settings',
+				'html_id'         => 'email_validation_settings',
+				'layout_strategy' => new EE_Admin_Two_Column_Layout(),
+				'subsections'     => apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page___email_validation_settings_form__form_subsections',
+					array(
+						'email_validation_hdr'   => new EE_Form_Section_HTML(
+							EEH_HTML::h2(esc_html__('Email Validation Settings', 'event_espresso'))
+						),
+						'email_validation_level' => new EE_Select_Input(
+							array(
+								'basic'      => esc_html__('Basic', 'event_espresso'),
+								'wp_default' => esc_html__('WordPress Default', 'event_espresso'),
+								'i18n'       => esc_html__('International', 'event_espresso'),
+								'i18n_dns'   => esc_html__('International + DNS Check', 'event_espresso'),
+							),
+							array(
+								'html_label_text' => esc_html__('Email Validation Level', 'event_espresso')
+													 . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link('email_validation_info'),
+								'html_help_text'  => esc_html__('These levels range from basic validation ( ie: text@text.text ) to more advanced checks against international email addresses (ie: üñîçøðé@example.com ) with additional MX and A record checks to confirm the domain actually exists. More information on on each level can be found within the help section.',
+									'event_espresso'),
+								'default'         => isset(EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->email_validation_level)
+									? EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->email_validation_level
+									: 'wp_default',
+								'required'        => false,
+							)
+						),
+					)
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_email_validation_settings_form
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param \EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config
+	 * @return \EE_Registration_Config
+	 */
+	public function update_email_validation_settings_form(EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config)
+	{
+		$prev_email_validation_level = $EE_Registration_Config->email_validation_level;
+		try {
+			$email_validation_settings_form = $this->_email_validation_settings_form();
+			// if not displaying a form, then check for form submission
+			if ($email_validation_settings_form->was_submitted()) {
+				// capture form data
+				$email_validation_settings_form->receive_form_submission();
+				// validate form data
+				if ($email_validation_settings_form->is_valid()) {
+					// grab validated data from form
+					$valid_data = $email_validation_settings_form->valid_data();
+					if (isset($valid_data['email_validation_level'])) {
+						$email_validation_level = $valid_data['email_validation_level'];
+						// now if they want to use international email addresses
+						if ($email_validation_level === 'i18n' || $email_validation_level === 'i18n_dns') {
+							// in case we need to reset their email validation level,
+							// make sure that the previous value wasn't already set to one of the i18n options.
+							if ($prev_email_validation_level === 'i18n' || $prev_email_validation_level === 'i18n_dns') {
+								// if so, then reset it back to "basic" since that is the only other option that,
+								// despite offering poor validation, supports i18n email addresses
+								$prev_email_validation_level = 'basic';
+							}
+							// confirm our i18n email validation will work on the server
+							if (! $this->_verify_pcre_support($EE_Registration_Config, $email_validation_level)) {
+								// or reset email validation level to previous value
+								$email_validation_level = $prev_email_validation_level;
+							}
+						}
+						$EE_Registration_Config->email_validation_level = $email_validation_level;
+					} else {
+						EE_Error::add_error(
+							esc_html__(
+								'Invalid or missing Email Validation settings. Please refresh the form and try again.',
+								'event_espresso'
+							),
+							__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
+						);
+					}
+				} else {
+					if ($email_validation_settings_form->submission_error_message() !== '') {
+						EE_Error::add_error(
+							$email_validation_settings_form->submission_error_message(),
+							__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			$e->get_error();
+		}
+		return $EE_Registration_Config;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * confirms that the server's PHP version has the PCRE module enabled,
+	 * and that the PCRE version works with our i18n email validation
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config
+	 * @param string                  $email_validation_level
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _verify_pcre_support(EE_Registration_Config $EE_Registration_Config, $email_validation_level)
+	{
+		// first check that PCRE is enabled
+		if (! defined('PREG_BAD_UTF8_ERROR')) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'We\'re sorry, but it appears that your server\'s version of PHP was not compiled with PCRE unicode support.%1$sPlease contact your hosting company and ask them whether the PCRE compiled with your version of PHP on your server can be been built with the "--enable-unicode-properties" and "--enable-utf8" configuration switches to enable more complex regex expressions.%1$sIf they are unable, or unwilling to do so, then your server will not support international email addresses using UTF-8 unicode characters. This means you will either have to lower your email validation level to "Basic" or "WordPress Default", or switch to a hosting company that has/can enable PCRE unicode support on the server.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					'<br />'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			// PCRE support is enabled, but let's still
+			// perform a test to see if the server will support it.
+			// but first, save the updated validation level to the config,
+			// so that the validation strategy picks it up.
+			// this will get bumped back down if it doesn't work
+			$EE_Registration_Config->email_validation_level = $email_validation_level;
+			try {
+				$email_validator    = new EE_Email_Validation_Strategy();
+				$i18n_email_address = apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__Extend_Registration_Form_Admin_Page__update_email_validation_settings_form__i18n_email_address',
+					'jägerjürgen@deutschland.com'
+				);
+				$email_validator->validate($i18n_email_address);
+			} catch (Exception $e) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'We\'re sorry, but it appears that your server\'s configuration will not support the "International" or "International + DNS Check" email validation levels.%1$sTo correct this issue, please consult with your hosting company regarding your server\'s PCRE settings.%1$sIt is recommended that your PHP version be configured to use PCRE 8.10 or newer.%1$sMore information regarding PCRE versions and installation can be found here: %2$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						'<br />',
+						'<a href="http://php.net/manual/en/pcre.installation.php" target="_blank">http://php.net/manual/en/pcre.installation.php</a>'
+					),
+					__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__
+				);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
 
 
 }

core/libraries/rest_api/Model_Data_Translator.php

Indentation +521 added lines, -521 removed lines

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 
 namespace EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api;
 
 if (! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
-    exit('No direct script access allowed');
+	exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 
 
@@ -26,525 +26,525 @@ 
 class Model_Data_Translator
 {
 
-    /**
-     * We used to use -1 for infinity in the rest api, but that's ambiguous for
-     * fields that COULD contain -1; so we use null
-     */
-    const ee_inf_in_rest = null;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares a possible array of input values from JSON for use by the models
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param mixed                $original_value_maybe_array
-     * @param string               $requested_version
-     * @param string               $timezone_string treat values as being in this timezone
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \DomainException
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_values_from_json(
-        $field_obj,
-        $original_value_maybe_array,
-        $requested_version,
-        $timezone_string = 'UTC'
-    ) {
-        if (is_array($original_value_maybe_array)) {
-            $new_value_maybe_array = array();
-            foreach ($original_value_maybe_array as $array_key => $array_item) {
-                $new_value_maybe_array[$array_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_from_json(
-                    $field_obj,
-                    $array_item,
-                    $requested_version,
-                    $timezone_string
-                );
-            }
-        } else {
-            $new_value_maybe_array = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_from_json(
-                $field_obj,
-                $original_value_maybe_array,
-                $requested_version,
-                $timezone_string
-            );
-        }
-        return $new_value_maybe_array;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares an array of field values FOR use in JSON/REST API
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param mixed                $original_value_maybe_array
-     * @param string               $request_version (eg 4.8.36)
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_values_for_json($field_obj, $original_value_maybe_array, $request_version)
-    {
-        if (is_array($original_value_maybe_array)) {
-            $new_value_maybe_array = array();
-            foreach ($original_value_maybe_array as $array_key => $array_item) {
-                $new_value_maybe_array[$array_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_for_json(
-                    $field_obj,
-                    $array_item,
-                    $request_version
-                );
-            }
-        } else {
-            $new_value_maybe_array = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_for_json(
-                $field_obj,
-                $original_value_maybe_array,
-                $request_version
-            );
-        }
-        return $new_value_maybe_array;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares incoming data from the json or $_REQUEST parameters for the models'
-     * "$query_params".
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param mixed                $original_value
-     * @param string               $requested_version
-     * @param string               $timezone_string treat values as being in this timezone
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \DomainException
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_value_from_json(
-        $field_obj,
-        $original_value,
-        $requested_version,
-        $timezone_string = 'UTC' // UTC
-    )
-    {
-        $timezone_string = $timezone_string !== '' ? $timezone_string : get_option('timezone_string', '');
-        $new_value = null;
-        if ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Infinite_Integer_Field
-            && in_array($original_value, array(null, ''), true)
-        ) {
-            $new_value = EE_INF;
-        } elseif ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            list($offset_sign, $offset_secs) = Model_Data_Translator::parse_timezone_offset(
-                $field_obj->get_timezone_offset(
-                    new \DateTimeZone($timezone_string)
-                )
-            );
-            $offset_string =
-                str_pad(
-                    floor($offset_secs / HOUR_IN_SECONDS),
-                    2,
-                    '0',
-                    STR_PAD_LEFT
-                )
-                . ':'
-                . str_pad(
-                    ($offset_secs % HOUR_IN_SECONDS) / MINUTE_IN_SECONDS,
-                    2,
-                    '0',
-                    STR_PAD_LEFT
-                );
-            $new_value = rest_parse_date($original_value . $offset_sign . $offset_string);
-        } else {
-            $new_value = $original_value;
-        }
-        return $new_value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * determines what's going on with them timezone strings
-     *
-     * @param int $timezone_offset
-     * @return array
-     */
-    private static function parse_timezone_offset($timezone_offset)
-    {
-        $first_char = substr((string)$timezone_offset, 0, 1);
-        if ($first_char === '+' || $first_char === '-') {
-            $offset_sign = $first_char;
-            $offset_secs = substr((string)$timezone_offset, 1);
-        } else {
-            $offset_sign = '+';
-            $offset_secs = $timezone_offset;
-        }
-        return array($offset_sign, $offset_secs);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares a field's value for display in the API.
-     * The $original_value should be in the model object's domain of values, see the explanation at the top of EEM_Base.
-     * However, for backward compatibility, we also attempt to handle $original_values from the
-     * model client-code domain, and from the database domain.
-     * E.g., when working with EE_Datetime_Fields, $original_value should be a DateTime or DbSafeDateTime
-     * (model object domain). However, for backward compatibility, we also accept a unix timestamp
-     * (old model object domain), MySQL datetime string (database domain) or string formatted according to the
-     * WP Datetime format (model client-code domain)
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param mixed                $original_value
-     * @param string               $requested_version
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_value_for_json($field_obj, $original_value, $requested_version)
-    {
-        if ($original_value === EE_INF) {
-            $new_value = Model_Data_Translator::ee_inf_in_rest;
-        } elseif ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            if (is_string($original_value)) {
-                //did they submit a string of a unix timestamp?
-                if (is_numeric($original_value)) {
-                    $datetime_obj = new \DateTime();
-                    $datetime_obj->setTimestamp((int)$original_value);
-                } else {
-                    //first, check if its a MySQL timestamp in GMT
-                    $datetime_obj = \DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', $original_value);
-                }
-                if (! $datetime_obj instanceof \DateTime) {
-                    //so it's not a unix timestamp or a MySQL timestamp. Maybe its in the field's date/time format?
-                    $datetime_obj = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($original_value);
-                }
-                $original_value = $datetime_obj;
-            }
-            if ($original_value instanceof \DateTime) {
-                $new_value = $original_value->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
-            } elseif (is_int($original_value)) {
-                $new_value = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $original_value);
-            } elseif($original_value === null || $original_value === '') {
-                $new_value = null;
-            } else {
-                //so it's not a datetime object, unix timestamp (as string or int),
-                //MySQL timestamp, or even a string in the field object's format. So no idea what it is
-                throw new \EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                            'The value "%1$s" for the field "%2$s" on model "%3$s" could not be understood. It should be a PHP DateTime, unix timestamp, MySQL date, or string in the format "%4$s".',
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                            'event_espressso'
-                        ),
-                        $original_value,
-                        $field_obj->get_name(),
-                        $field_obj->get_model_name(),
-                        $field_obj->get_time_format() . ' ' . $field_obj->get_time_format()
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $new_value = mysql_to_rfc3339($new_value);
-        } else {
-            $new_value = $original_value;
-        }
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\Model_Data_Translator__prepare_field_for_rest_api',
-            $new_value,
-            $field_obj,
-            $original_value,
-            $requested_version
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares condition-query-parameters (like what's in where and having) from
-     * the format expected in the API to use in the models
-     *
-     * @param array     $inputted_query_params_of_this_type
-     * @param \EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string    $requested_version
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \DomainException
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function prepare_conditions_query_params_for_models(
-        $inputted_query_params_of_this_type,
-        \EEM_Base $model,
-        $requested_version
-    ) {
-        $query_param_for_models = array();
-        foreach ($inputted_query_params_of_this_type as $query_param_key => $query_param_value) {
-            $query_param_sans_stars = Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param_key);
-            $field = Model_Data_Translator::deduce_field_from_query_param(
-                $query_param_sans_stars,
-                $model
-            );
-            //double-check is it a *_gmt field?
-            if (! $field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base
-                && Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($query_param_sans_stars)
-            ) {
-                //yep, take off '_gmt', and find the field
-                $query_param_key = Model_Data_Translator::remove_gmt_from_field_name($query_param_sans_stars);
-                $field = Model_Data_Translator::deduce_field_from_query_param(
-                    $query_param_key,
-                    $model
-                );
-                $timezone = 'UTC';
-            } else {
-                //so it's not a GMT field. Set the timezone on the model to the default
-                $timezone = \EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string();
-            }
-            if ($field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-                //did they specify an operator?
-                if (is_array($query_param_value)) {
-                    $op = $query_param_value[0];
-                    $translated_value = array($op);
-                    if (isset($query_param_value[1])) {
-                        $value = $query_param_value[1];
-                        $translated_value[1] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_values_from_json($field, $value,
-                            $requested_version, $timezone);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $translated_value = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_from_json($field, $query_param_value,
-                        $requested_version, $timezone);
-                }
-                $query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = $translated_value;
-            } else {
-                //so it's not for a field, assume it's a logic query param key
-                $query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_models($query_param_value,
-                    $model, $requested_version);
-            }
-        }
-        return $query_param_for_models;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Mostly checks if the last 4 characters are "_gmt", indicating its a
-     * gmt date field name
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public static function is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)
-    {
-        return substr(
-                   Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($field_name),
-                   -4,
-                   4
-               ) === '_gmt';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the last "_gmt" part of a field name (and if there is no "_gmt" at the end, leave it alone)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function remove_gmt_from_field_name($field_name)
-    {
-        if (! Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)) {
-            return $field_name;
-        }
-        $query_param_sans_stars = Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($field_name);
-        $query_param_sans_gmt_and_sans_stars = substr(
-            $query_param_sans_stars,
-            0,
-            strrpos(
-                $field_name,
-                '_gmt'
-            )
-        );
-        return str_replace($query_param_sans_stars, $query_param_sans_gmt_and_sans_stars, $field_name);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes a field name from the REST API and prepares it for the model querying
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_name_from_json($field_name)
-    {
-        if (Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)) {
-            return Model_Data_Translator::remove_gmt_from_field_name($field_name);
-        }
-        return $field_name;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes array of field names from REST API and prepares for models
-     *
-     * @param array $field_names
-     * @return array of field names (possibly include model prefixes)
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_names_from_json(array $field_names)
-    {
-        $new_array = array();
-        foreach ($field_names as $key => $field_name) {
-            $new_array[$key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_name_from_json($field_name);
-        }
-        return $new_array;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes array where array keys are field names (possibly with model path prefixes)
-     * from the REST API and prepares them for model querying
-     *
-     * @param array $field_names_as_keys
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function prepare_field_names_in_array_keys_from_json(array $field_names_as_keys)
-    {
-        $new_array = array();
-        foreach ($field_names_as_keys as $field_name => $value) {
-            $new_array[Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_name_from_json($field_name)] = $value;
-        }
-        return $new_array;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares an array of model query params for use in the REST API
-     *
-     * @param array     $model_query_params
-     * @param \EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string    $requested_version eg "4.8.36". If null is provided, defaults to the latest release of the EE4
-     *                                     REST API
-     * @return array which can be passed into the EE4 REST API when querying a model resource
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function prepare_query_params_for_rest_api(
-        array $model_query_params,
-        \EEM_Base $model,
-        $requested_version = null
-    ) {
-        if ($requested_version === null) {
-            $requested_version = \EED_Core_Rest_Api::latest_rest_api_version();
-        }
-        $rest_query_params = $model_query_params;
-        if (isset($model_query_params[0])) {
-            $rest_query_params['where'] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api(
-                $model_query_params[0],
-                $model,
-                $requested_version
-            );
-            unset($rest_query_params[0]);
-        }
-        if (isset($model_query_params['having'])) {
-            $rest_query_params['having'] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api(
-                $model_query_params['having'],
-                $model,
-                $requested_version
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\Model_Data_Translator__prepare_query_params_for_rest_api',
-            $rest_query_params, $model_query_params, $model, $requested_version);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares all the sub-conditions query parameters (eg having or where conditions) for use in the rest api
-     *
-     * @param array     $inputted_query_params_of_this_type eg like the "where" or "having" conditions query params
-     *                                                      passed into EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @param \EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string    $requested_version                  eg "4.8.36"
-     * @return array ready for use in the rest api query params
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api(
-        $inputted_query_params_of_this_type,
-        \EEM_Base $model,
-        $requested_version
-    ) {
-        $query_param_for_models = array();
-        foreach ($inputted_query_params_of_this_type as $query_param_key => $query_param_value) {
-            $field = Model_Data_Translator::deduce_field_from_query_param(
-                Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param_key),
-                $model
-            );
-            if ($field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-                //did they specify an operator?
-                if (is_array($query_param_value)) {
-                    $op = $query_param_value[0];
-                    $translated_value = array($op);
-                    if (isset($query_param_value[1])) {
-                        $value = $query_param_value[1];
-                        $translated_value[1] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_values_for_json($field, $value,
-                            $requested_version);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $translated_value = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_for_json($field, $query_param_value,
-                        $requested_version);
-                }
-                $query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = $translated_value;
-            } else {
-                //so it's not for a field, assume it's a logic query param key
-                $query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api($query_param_value,
-                    $model, $requested_version);
-            }
-        }
-        return $query_param_for_models;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $condition_query_param_key
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public static function remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($condition_query_param_key)
-    {
-        $pos_of_star = strpos($condition_query_param_key, '*');
-        if ($pos_of_star === false) {
-            return $condition_query_param_key;
-        } else {
-            $condition_query_param_sans_star = substr($condition_query_param_key, 0, $pos_of_star);
-            return $condition_query_param_sans_star;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes the input parameter and finds the model field that it indicates.
-     *
-     * @param string    $query_param_name like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
-     * @param \EEM_Base $model
-     * @return \EE_Model_Field_Base
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param_name, \EEM_Base $model)
-    {
-        //ok, now proceed with deducing which part is the model's name, and which is the field's name
-        //which will help us find the database table and column
-        $query_param_parts = explode('.', $query_param_name);
-        if (empty($query_param_parts)) {
-            throw new \EE_Error(sprintf(__('_extract_column_name is empty when trying to extract column and table name from %s',
-                'event_espresso'), $query_param_name));
-        }
-        $number_of_parts = count($query_param_parts);
-        $last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[count($query_param_parts) - 1];
-        if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
-            $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-        } else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
-            //the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
-            $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-            $model = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($query_param_parts[$number_of_parts - 2]);
-        }
-        try {
-            return $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        } catch (\EE_Error $e) {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * We used to use -1 for infinity in the rest api, but that's ambiguous for
+	 * fields that COULD contain -1; so we use null
+	 */
+	const ee_inf_in_rest = null;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares a possible array of input values from JSON for use by the models
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param mixed                $original_value_maybe_array
+	 * @param string               $requested_version
+	 * @param string               $timezone_string treat values as being in this timezone
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \DomainException
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_values_from_json(
+		$field_obj,
+		$original_value_maybe_array,
+		$requested_version,
+		$timezone_string = 'UTC'
+	) {
+		if (is_array($original_value_maybe_array)) {
+			$new_value_maybe_array = array();
+			foreach ($original_value_maybe_array as $array_key => $array_item) {
+				$new_value_maybe_array[$array_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_from_json(
+					$field_obj,
+					$array_item,
+					$requested_version,
+					$timezone_string
+				);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$new_value_maybe_array = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_from_json(
+				$field_obj,
+				$original_value_maybe_array,
+				$requested_version,
+				$timezone_string
+			);
+		}
+		return $new_value_maybe_array;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares an array of field values FOR use in JSON/REST API
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param mixed                $original_value_maybe_array
+	 * @param string               $request_version (eg 4.8.36)
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_values_for_json($field_obj, $original_value_maybe_array, $request_version)
+	{
+		if (is_array($original_value_maybe_array)) {
+			$new_value_maybe_array = array();
+			foreach ($original_value_maybe_array as $array_key => $array_item) {
+				$new_value_maybe_array[$array_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_for_json(
+					$field_obj,
+					$array_item,
+					$request_version
+				);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$new_value_maybe_array = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_for_json(
+				$field_obj,
+				$original_value_maybe_array,
+				$request_version
+			);
+		}
+		return $new_value_maybe_array;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares incoming data from the json or $_REQUEST parameters for the models'
+	 * "$query_params".
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param mixed                $original_value
+	 * @param string               $requested_version
+	 * @param string               $timezone_string treat values as being in this timezone
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \DomainException
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_value_from_json(
+		$field_obj,
+		$original_value,
+		$requested_version,
+		$timezone_string = 'UTC' // UTC
+	)
+	{
+		$timezone_string = $timezone_string !== '' ? $timezone_string : get_option('timezone_string', '');
+		$new_value = null;
+		if ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Infinite_Integer_Field
+			&& in_array($original_value, array(null, ''), true)
+		) {
+			$new_value = EE_INF;
+		} elseif ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			list($offset_sign, $offset_secs) = Model_Data_Translator::parse_timezone_offset(
+				$field_obj->get_timezone_offset(
+					new \DateTimeZone($timezone_string)
+				)
+			);
+			$offset_string =
+				str_pad(
+					floor($offset_secs / HOUR_IN_SECONDS),
+					2,
+					'0',
+					STR_PAD_LEFT
+				)
+				. ':'
+				. str_pad(
+					($offset_secs % HOUR_IN_SECONDS) / MINUTE_IN_SECONDS,
+					2,
+					'0',
+					STR_PAD_LEFT
+				);
+			$new_value = rest_parse_date($original_value . $offset_sign . $offset_string);
+		} else {
+			$new_value = $original_value;
+		}
+		return $new_value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * determines what's going on with them timezone strings
+	 *
+	 * @param int $timezone_offset
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	private static function parse_timezone_offset($timezone_offset)
+	{
+		$first_char = substr((string)$timezone_offset, 0, 1);
+		if ($first_char === '+' || $first_char === '-') {
+			$offset_sign = $first_char;
+			$offset_secs = substr((string)$timezone_offset, 1);
+		} else {
+			$offset_sign = '+';
+			$offset_secs = $timezone_offset;
+		}
+		return array($offset_sign, $offset_secs);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares a field's value for display in the API.
+	 * The $original_value should be in the model object's domain of values, see the explanation at the top of EEM_Base.
+	 * However, for backward compatibility, we also attempt to handle $original_values from the
+	 * model client-code domain, and from the database domain.
+	 * E.g., when working with EE_Datetime_Fields, $original_value should be a DateTime or DbSafeDateTime
+	 * (model object domain). However, for backward compatibility, we also accept a unix timestamp
+	 * (old model object domain), MySQL datetime string (database domain) or string formatted according to the
+	 * WP Datetime format (model client-code domain)
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param mixed                $original_value
+	 * @param string               $requested_version
+	 * @return mixed
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_value_for_json($field_obj, $original_value, $requested_version)
+	{
+		if ($original_value === EE_INF) {
+			$new_value = Model_Data_Translator::ee_inf_in_rest;
+		} elseif ($field_obj instanceof \EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			if (is_string($original_value)) {
+				//did they submit a string of a unix timestamp?
+				if (is_numeric($original_value)) {
+					$datetime_obj = new \DateTime();
+					$datetime_obj->setTimestamp((int)$original_value);
+				} else {
+					//first, check if its a MySQL timestamp in GMT
+					$datetime_obj = \DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', $original_value);
+				}
+				if (! $datetime_obj instanceof \DateTime) {
+					//so it's not a unix timestamp or a MySQL timestamp. Maybe its in the field's date/time format?
+					$datetime_obj = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($original_value);
+				}
+				$original_value = $datetime_obj;
+			}
+			if ($original_value instanceof \DateTime) {
+				$new_value = $original_value->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
+			} elseif (is_int($original_value)) {
+				$new_value = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $original_value);
+			} elseif($original_value === null || $original_value === '') {
+				$new_value = null;
+			} else {
+				//so it's not a datetime object, unix timestamp (as string or int),
+				//MySQL timestamp, or even a string in the field object's format. So no idea what it is
+				throw new \EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+							'The value "%1$s" for the field "%2$s" on model "%3$s" could not be understood. It should be a PHP DateTime, unix timestamp, MySQL date, or string in the format "%4$s".',
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+							'event_espressso'
+						),
+						$original_value,
+						$field_obj->get_name(),
+						$field_obj->get_model_name(),
+						$field_obj->get_time_format() . ' ' . $field_obj->get_time_format()
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$new_value = mysql_to_rfc3339($new_value);
+		} else {
+			$new_value = $original_value;
+		}
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\Model_Data_Translator__prepare_field_for_rest_api',
+			$new_value,
+			$field_obj,
+			$original_value,
+			$requested_version
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares condition-query-parameters (like what's in where and having) from
+	 * the format expected in the API to use in the models
+	 *
+	 * @param array     $inputted_query_params_of_this_type
+	 * @param \EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string    $requested_version
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \DomainException
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_conditions_query_params_for_models(
+		$inputted_query_params_of_this_type,
+		\EEM_Base $model,
+		$requested_version
+	) {
+		$query_param_for_models = array();
+		foreach ($inputted_query_params_of_this_type as $query_param_key => $query_param_value) {
+			$query_param_sans_stars = Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param_key);
+			$field = Model_Data_Translator::deduce_field_from_query_param(
+				$query_param_sans_stars,
+				$model
+			);
+			//double-check is it a *_gmt field?
+			if (! $field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base
+				&& Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($query_param_sans_stars)
+			) {
+				//yep, take off '_gmt', and find the field
+				$query_param_key = Model_Data_Translator::remove_gmt_from_field_name($query_param_sans_stars);
+				$field = Model_Data_Translator::deduce_field_from_query_param(
+					$query_param_key,
+					$model
+				);
+				$timezone = 'UTC';
+			} else {
+				//so it's not a GMT field. Set the timezone on the model to the default
+				$timezone = \EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string();
+			}
+			if ($field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+				//did they specify an operator?
+				if (is_array($query_param_value)) {
+					$op = $query_param_value[0];
+					$translated_value = array($op);
+					if (isset($query_param_value[1])) {
+						$value = $query_param_value[1];
+						$translated_value[1] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_values_from_json($field, $value,
+							$requested_version, $timezone);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$translated_value = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_from_json($field, $query_param_value,
+						$requested_version, $timezone);
+				}
+				$query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = $translated_value;
+			} else {
+				//so it's not for a field, assume it's a logic query param key
+				$query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_models($query_param_value,
+					$model, $requested_version);
+			}
+		}
+		return $query_param_for_models;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Mostly checks if the last 4 characters are "_gmt", indicating its a
+	 * gmt date field name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public static function is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)
+	{
+		return substr(
+				   Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($field_name),
+				   -4,
+				   4
+			   ) === '_gmt';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes the last "_gmt" part of a field name (and if there is no "_gmt" at the end, leave it alone)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function remove_gmt_from_field_name($field_name)
+	{
+		if (! Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)) {
+			return $field_name;
+		}
+		$query_param_sans_stars = Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($field_name);
+		$query_param_sans_gmt_and_sans_stars = substr(
+			$query_param_sans_stars,
+			0,
+			strrpos(
+				$field_name,
+				'_gmt'
+			)
+		);
+		return str_replace($query_param_sans_stars, $query_param_sans_gmt_and_sans_stars, $field_name);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes a field name from the REST API and prepares it for the model querying
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_name_from_json($field_name)
+	{
+		if (Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)) {
+			return Model_Data_Translator::remove_gmt_from_field_name($field_name);
+		}
+		return $field_name;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes array of field names from REST API and prepares for models
+	 *
+	 * @param array $field_names
+	 * @return array of field names (possibly include model prefixes)
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_names_from_json(array $field_names)
+	{
+		$new_array = array();
+		foreach ($field_names as $key => $field_name) {
+			$new_array[$key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_name_from_json($field_name);
+		}
+		return $new_array;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes array where array keys are field names (possibly with model path prefixes)
+	 * from the REST API and prepares them for model querying
+	 *
+	 * @param array $field_names_as_keys
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_field_names_in_array_keys_from_json(array $field_names_as_keys)
+	{
+		$new_array = array();
+		foreach ($field_names_as_keys as $field_name => $value) {
+			$new_array[Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_name_from_json($field_name)] = $value;
+		}
+		return $new_array;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares an array of model query params for use in the REST API
+	 *
+	 * @param array     $model_query_params
+	 * @param \EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string    $requested_version eg "4.8.36". If null is provided, defaults to the latest release of the EE4
+	 *                                     REST API
+	 * @return array which can be passed into the EE4 REST API when querying a model resource
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_query_params_for_rest_api(
+		array $model_query_params,
+		\EEM_Base $model,
+		$requested_version = null
+	) {
+		if ($requested_version === null) {
+			$requested_version = \EED_Core_Rest_Api::latest_rest_api_version();
+		}
+		$rest_query_params = $model_query_params;
+		if (isset($model_query_params[0])) {
+			$rest_query_params['where'] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api(
+				$model_query_params[0],
+				$model,
+				$requested_version
+			);
+			unset($rest_query_params[0]);
+		}
+		if (isset($model_query_params['having'])) {
+			$rest_query_params['having'] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api(
+				$model_query_params['having'],
+				$model,
+				$requested_version
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api\Model_Data_Translator__prepare_query_params_for_rest_api',
+			$rest_query_params, $model_query_params, $model, $requested_version);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepares all the sub-conditions query parameters (eg having or where conditions) for use in the rest api
+	 *
+	 * @param array     $inputted_query_params_of_this_type eg like the "where" or "having" conditions query params
+	 *                                                      passed into EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @param \EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string    $requested_version                  eg "4.8.36"
+	 * @return array ready for use in the rest api query params
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api(
+		$inputted_query_params_of_this_type,
+		\EEM_Base $model,
+		$requested_version
+	) {
+		$query_param_for_models = array();
+		foreach ($inputted_query_params_of_this_type as $query_param_key => $query_param_value) {
+			$field = Model_Data_Translator::deduce_field_from_query_param(
+				Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param_key),
+				$model
+			);
+			if ($field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+				//did they specify an operator?
+				if (is_array($query_param_value)) {
+					$op = $query_param_value[0];
+					$translated_value = array($op);
+					if (isset($query_param_value[1])) {
+						$value = $query_param_value[1];
+						$translated_value[1] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_values_for_json($field, $value,
+							$requested_version);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$translated_value = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_field_value_for_json($field, $query_param_value,
+						$requested_version);
+				}
+				$query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = $translated_value;
+			} else {
+				//so it's not for a field, assume it's a logic query param key
+				$query_param_for_models[$query_param_key] = Model_Data_Translator::prepare_conditions_query_params_for_rest_api($query_param_value,
+					$model, $requested_version);
+			}
+		}
+		return $query_param_for_models;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $condition_query_param_key
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public static function remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($condition_query_param_key)
+	{
+		$pos_of_star = strpos($condition_query_param_key, '*');
+		if ($pos_of_star === false) {
+			return $condition_query_param_key;
+		} else {
+			$condition_query_param_sans_star = substr($condition_query_param_key, 0, $pos_of_star);
+			return $condition_query_param_sans_star;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes the input parameter and finds the model field that it indicates.
+	 *
+	 * @param string    $query_param_name like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
+	 * @param \EEM_Base $model
+	 * @return \EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param_name, \EEM_Base $model)
+	{
+		//ok, now proceed with deducing which part is the model's name, and which is the field's name
+		//which will help us find the database table and column
+		$query_param_parts = explode('.', $query_param_name);
+		if (empty($query_param_parts)) {
+			throw new \EE_Error(sprintf(__('_extract_column_name is empty when trying to extract column and table name from %s',
+				'event_espresso'), $query_param_name));
+		}
+		$number_of_parts = count($query_param_parts);
+		$last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[count($query_param_parts) - 1];
+		if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
+			$field_name = $last_query_param_part;
+		} else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
+			//the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
+			$field_name = $last_query_param_part;
+			$model = \EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($query_param_parts[$number_of_parts - 2]);
+		}
+		try {
+			return $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		} catch (\EE_Error $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
 
 }

Spacing +10 added lines, -10 removed lines

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ 
 <?php
 namespace EventEspresso\core\libraries\rest_api;
 
-if (! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
+if ( ! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
     exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ 
                     '0',
                     STR_PAD_LEFT
                 );
-            $new_value = rest_parse_date($original_value . $offset_sign . $offset_string);
+            $new_value = rest_parse_date($original_value.$offset_sign.$offset_string);
         } else {
             $new_value = $original_value;
         }
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@ 
      */
     private static function parse_timezone_offset($timezone_offset)
     {
-        $first_char = substr((string)$timezone_offset, 0, 1);
+        $first_char = substr((string) $timezone_offset, 0, 1);
         if ($first_char === '+' || $first_char === '-') {
             $offset_sign = $first_char;
-            $offset_secs = substr((string)$timezone_offset, 1);
+            $offset_secs = substr((string) $timezone_offset, 1);
         } else {
             $offset_sign = '+';
             $offset_secs = $timezone_offset;
@@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ 
                 //did they submit a string of a unix timestamp?
                 if (is_numeric($original_value)) {
                     $datetime_obj = new \DateTime();
-                    $datetime_obj->setTimestamp((int)$original_value);
+                    $datetime_obj->setTimestamp((int) $original_value);
                 } else {
                     //first, check if its a MySQL timestamp in GMT
                     $datetime_obj = \DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', $original_value);
                 }
-                if (! $datetime_obj instanceof \DateTime) {
+                if ( ! $datetime_obj instanceof \DateTime) {
                     //so it's not a unix timestamp or a MySQL timestamp. Maybe its in the field's date/time format?
                     $datetime_obj = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($original_value);
                 }
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ 
                 $new_value = $original_value->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
             } elseif (is_int($original_value)) {
                 $new_value = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $original_value);
-            } elseif($original_value === null || $original_value === '') {
+            } elseif ($original_value === null || $original_value === '') {
                 $new_value = null;
             } else {
                 //so it's not a datetime object, unix timestamp (as string or int),
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ 
                         $original_value,
                         $field_obj->get_name(),
                         $field_obj->get_model_name(),
-                        $field_obj->get_time_format() . ' ' . $field_obj->get_time_format()
+                        $field_obj->get_time_format().' '.$field_obj->get_time_format()
                     )
                 );
             }
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ 
                 $model
             );
             //double-check is it a *_gmt field?
-            if (! $field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base
+            if ( ! $field instanceof \EE_Model_Field_Base
                 && Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($query_param_sans_stars)
             ) {
                 //yep, take off '_gmt', and find the field
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function remove_gmt_from_field_name($field_name)
     {
-        if (! Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)) {
+        if ( ! Model_Data_Translator::is_gmt_date_field_name($field_name)) {
             return $field_name;
         }
         $query_param_sans_stars = Model_Data_Translator::remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($field_name);

caffeinated/admin/extend/events/Extend_Events_Admin_Page.core.php

Indentation +1260 added lines, -1260 removed lines

@@ -14,1264 +14,1264 @@
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     * Extend_Events_Admin_Page constructor.
-     *
-     * @param bool $routing
-     */
-    public function __construct($routing = true)
-    {
-        parent::__construct($routing);
-        if (! defined('EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH')) {
-            define('EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'events/templates/');
-            define('EVENTS_CAF_ASSETS', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'events/assets/');
-            define('EVENTS_CAF_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'events/assets/');
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets routes.
-     */
-    protected function _extend_page_config()
-    {
-        $this->_admin_base_path = EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'events';
-        //is there a evt_id in the request?
-        $evt_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['EVT_ID']
-            : 0;
-        $evt_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : $evt_id;
-        //tkt_id?
-        $tkt_id             = ! empty($this->_req_data['TKT_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['TKT_ID'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['TKT_ID']
-            : 0;
-        $new_page_routes    = array(
-            'duplicate_event'          => array(
-                'func'       => '_duplicate_event',
-                'capability' => 'ee_edit_event',
-                'obj_id'     => $evt_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'ticket_list_table'        => array(
-                'func'       => '_tickets_overview_list_table',
-                'capability' => 'ee_read_default_tickets',
-            ),
-            'trash_ticket'             => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_ticket',
-                'obj_id'     => $tkt_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-                'args'       => array('trash' => true),
-            ),
-            'trash_tickets'            => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_tickets',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-                'args'       => array('trash' => true),
-            ),
-            'restore_ticket'           => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_ticket',
-                'obj_id'     => $tkt_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'restore_tickets'          => array(
-                'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_tickets',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'delete_ticket'            => array(
-                'func'       => '_delete_ticket',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_ticket',
-                'obj_id'     => $tkt_id,
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'delete_tickets'           => array(
-                'func'       => '_delete_ticket',
-                'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_tickets',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'import_page'              => array(
-                'func'       => '_import_page',
-                'capability' => 'import',
-            ),
-            'import'                   => array(
-                'func'       => '_import_events',
-                'capability' => 'import',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'import_events'            => array(
-                'func'       => '_import_events',
-                'capability' => 'import',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'export_events'            => array(
-                'func'       => '_events_export',
-                'capability' => 'export',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'export_categories'        => array(
-                'func'       => '_categories_export',
-                'capability' => 'export',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'sample_export_file'       => array(
-                'func'       => '_sample_export_file',
-                'capability' => 'export',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-            'update_template_settings' => array(
-                'func'       => '_update_template_settings',
-                'capability' => 'manage_options',
-                'noheader'   => true,
-            ),
-        );
-        $this->_page_routes = array_merge($this->_page_routes, $new_page_routes);
-        //partial route/config override
-        $this->_page_config['import_events']['metaboxes'] = $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes;
-        $this->_page_config['create_new']['metaboxes'][]  = '_premium_event_editor_meta_boxes';
-        $this->_page_config['create_new']['qtips'][]      = 'EE_Event_Editor_Tips';
-        $this->_page_config['edit']['qtips'][]            = 'EE_Event_Editor_Tips';
-        $this->_page_config['edit']['metaboxes'][]        = '_premium_event_editor_meta_boxes';
-        $this->_page_config['default']['list_table']      = 'Extend_Events_Admin_List_Table';
-        //add tickets tab but only if there are more than one default ticket!
-        $tkt_count = EEM_Ticket::instance()->count_deleted_and_undeleted(
-            array(array('TKT_is_default' => 1)),
-            'TKT_ID',
-            true
-        );
-        if ($tkt_count > 1) {
-            $new_page_config = array(
-                'ticket_list_table' => array(
-                    'nav'           => array(
-                        'label' => esc_html__('Default Tickets', 'event_espresso'),
-                        'order' => 60,
-                    ),
-                    'list_table'    => 'Tickets_List_Table',
-                    'require_nonce' => false,
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        //template settings
-        $new_page_config['template_settings'] = array(
-            'nav'           => array(
-                'label' => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
-                'order' => 30,
-            ),
-            'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
-            'help_tabs'     => array(
-                'general_settings_templates_help_tab' => array(
-                    'title'    => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'filename' => 'general_settings_templates',
-                ),
-            ),
-            'help_tour'     => array('Templates_Help_Tour'),
-            'require_nonce' => false,
-        );
-        $this->_page_config                   = array_merge($this->_page_config, $new_page_config);
-        //add filters and actions
-        //modifying _views
-        add_filter(
-            'FHEE_event_datetime_metabox_add_additional_date_time_template',
-            array($this, 'add_additional_datetime_button'),
-            10,
-            2
-        );
-        add_filter(
-            'FHEE_event_datetime_metabox_clone_button_template',
-            array($this, 'add_datetime_clone_button'),
-            10,
-            2
-        );
-        add_filter(
-            'FHEE_event_datetime_metabox_timezones_template',
-            array($this, 'datetime_timezones_template'),
-            10,
-            2
-        );
-        //filters for event list table
-        add_filter('FHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_List_Table__filters', array($this, 'list_table_filters'), 10, 2);
-        add_filter(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_List_Table__column_actions__action_links',
-            array($this, 'extra_list_table_actions'),
-            10,
-            2
-        );
-        //legend item
-        add_filter('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___event_legend_items__items', array($this, 'additional_legend_items'));
-        add_action('admin_init', array($this, 'admin_init'));
-        //heartbeat stuff
-        add_filter('heartbeat_received', array($this, 'heartbeat_response'), 10, 2);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * admin_init
-     */
-    public function admin_init()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings = array_merge(
-            EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings,
-            array(
-                'image_confirm'          => esc_html__(
-                    'Do you really want to delete this image? Please remember to update your event to complete the removal.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                'event_starts_on'        => esc_html__('Event Starts on', 'event_espresso'),
-                'event_ends_on'          => esc_html__('Event Ends on', 'event_espresso'),
-                'event_datetime_actions' => esc_html__('Actions', 'event_espresso'),
-                'event_clone_dt_msg'     => esc_html__('Clone this Event Date and Time', 'event_espresso'),
-                'remove_event_dt_msg'    => esc_html__('Remove this Event Time', 'event_espresso'),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will be used to listen for any heartbeat data packages coming via the WordPress heartbeat API and handle
-     * accordingly.
-     *
-     * @param array $response The existing heartbeat response array.
-     * @param array $data     The incoming data package.
-     * @return array  possibly appended response.
-     */
-    public function heartbeat_response($response, $data)
-    {
-        /**
-         * check whether count of tickets is approaching the potential
-         * limits for the server.
-         */
-        if (! empty($data['input_count'])) {
-            $response['max_input_vars_check'] = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->environment->max_input_vars_limit_check(
-                $data['input_count']
-            );
-        }
-        return $response;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Add per page screen options to the default ticket list table view.
-     */
-    protected function _add_screen_options_ticket_list_table()
-    {
-        $this->_per_page_screen_option();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $return
-     * @param int    $id
-     * @param string $new_title
-     * @param string $new_slug
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
-    {
-        $return = parent::extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug);
-        //make sure this is only when editing
-        if (! empty($id)) {
-            $href   = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-                array('action' => 'duplicate_event', 'EVT_ID' => $id),
-                $this->_admin_base_url
-            );
-            $title  = esc_attr__('Duplicate Event', 'event_espresso');
-            $return .= '<a href="'
-                       . $href
-                       . '" title="'
-                       . $title
-                       . '" id="ee-duplicate-event-button" class="button button-small"  value="duplicate_event">'
-                       . $title
-                       . '</button>';
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set the list table views for the default ticket list table view.
-     */
-    public function _set_list_table_views_ticket_list_table()
-    {
-        $this->_views = array(
-            'all'     => array(
-                'slug'        => 'all',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('All', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'trash_tickets' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            ),
-            'trashed' => array(
-                'slug'        => 'trashed',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => 0,
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'restore_tickets' => esc_html__('Restore from Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                    'delete_tickets'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Enqueue scripts and styles for the event editor.
-     */
-    public function load_scripts_styles_edit()
-    {
-        wp_register_script(
-            'ee-event-editor-heartbeat',
-            EVENTS_CAF_ASSETS_URL . 'event-editor-heartbeat.js',
-            array('ee_admin_js', 'heartbeat'),
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-            true
-        );
-        wp_enqueue_script('ee-accounting');
-        //styles
-        wp_enqueue_style('espresso-ui-theme');
-        wp_enqueue_script('event_editor_js');
-        wp_enqueue_script('ee-event-editor-heartbeat');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns template for the additional datetime.
-     * @param $template
-     * @param $template_args
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function add_additional_datetime_button($template, $template_args)
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_datetime_add_additional_time.template.php',
-            $template_args,
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the template for cloning a datetime.
-     * @param $template
-     * @param $template_args
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function add_datetime_clone_button($template, $template_args)
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_datetime_metabox_clone_button.template.php',
-            $template_args,
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the template for datetime timezones.
-     * @param $template
-     * @param $template_args
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function datetime_timezones_template($template, $template_args)
-    {
-        return EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_datetime_timezones.template.php',
-            $template_args,
-            true
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the views for the default list table view.
-     */
-    protected function _set_list_table_views_default()
-    {
-        parent::_set_list_table_views_default();
-        $new_views    = array(
-            'today' => array(
-                'slug'        => 'today',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('Today', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => $this->total_events_today(),
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            ),
-            'month' => array(
-                'slug'        => 'month',
-                'label'       => esc_html__('This Month', 'event_espresso'),
-                'count'       => $this->total_events_this_month(),
-                'bulk_action' => array(
-                    'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-        $this->_views = array_merge($this->_views, $new_views);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the extra action links for the default list table view.
-     * @param array     $action_links
-     * @param \EE_Event $event
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_list_table_actions(array $action_links, \EE_Event $event)
-    {
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
-            'ee_read_registrations',
-            'espresso_registrations_reports',
-            $event->ID()
-        )
-        ) {
-            $reports_query_args = array(
-                'action' => 'reports',
-                'EVT_ID' => $event->ID(),
-            );
-            $reports_link       = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce($reports_query_args, REG_ADMIN_URL);
-            $action_links[]     = '<a href="'
-                                  . $reports_link
-                                  . '" title="'
-                                  . esc_attr__('View Report', 'event_espresso')
-                                  . '"><div class="dashicons dashicons-chart-bar"></div></a>'
-                                  . "\n\t";
-        }
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_global_messages', 'view_filtered_messages')) {
-            EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('MSG_Template');
-            $action_links[] = EEH_MSG_Template::get_message_action_link(
-                'see_notifications_for',
-                null,
-                array('EVT_ID' => $event->ID())
-            );
-        }
-        return $action_links;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $items
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    public function additional_legend_items($items)
-    {
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
-            'ee_read_registrations',
-            'espresso_registrations_reports'
-        )
-        ) {
-            $items['reports'] = array(
-                'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-chart-bar',
-                'desc'  => esc_html__('Event Reports', 'event_espresso'),
-            );
-        }
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_global_messages', 'view_filtered_messages')) {
-            $related_for_icon = EEH_MSG_Template::get_message_action_icon('see_notifications_for');
-            if (isset($related_for_icon['css_class']) && isset($related_for_icon['label'])) {
-                $items['view_related_messages'] = array(
-                    'class' => $related_for_icon['css_class'],
-                    'desc'  => $related_for_icon['label'],
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $items;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is the callback method for the duplicate event route
-     * Method looks for 'EVT_ID' in the request and retrieves that event and its details and duplicates them
-     * into a new event.  We add a hook so that any plugins that add extra event details can hook into this
-     * action.  Note that the dupe will have **DUPLICATE** as its title and slug.
-     * After duplication the redirect is to the new event edit page.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @access protected
-     * @throws EE_Error If EE_Event is not available with given ID
-     */
-    protected function _duplicate_event()
-    {
-        // first make sure the ID for the event is in the request.
-        //  If it isn't then we need to bail and redirect back to overview list table (cause how did we get here?)
-        if (! isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'In order to duplicate an event an Event ID is required.  None was given.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            $this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array(), true);
-            return;
-        }
-        //k we've got EVT_ID so let's use that to get the event we'll duplicate
-        $orig_event = EEM_Event::instance()->get_one_by_ID($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']);
-        if (! $orig_event instanceof EE_Event) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('An EE_Event object could not be retrieved for the given ID (%s)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $this->_req_data['EVT_ID']
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        //k now let's clone the $orig_event before getting relations
-        $new_event = clone $orig_event;
-        //original datetimes
-        $orig_datetimes = $orig_event->get_many_related('Datetime');
-        //other original relations
-        $orig_ven = $orig_event->get_many_related('Venue');
-        //reset the ID and modify other details to make it clear this is a dupe
-        $new_event->set('EVT_ID', 0);
-        $new_name = $new_event->name() . ' ' . esc_html__('**DUPLICATE**', 'event_espresso');
-        $new_event->set('EVT_name', $new_name);
-        $new_event->set(
-            'EVT_slug',
-            wp_unique_post_slug(
-                sanitize_title($orig_event->name()),
-                0,
-                'publish',
-                'espresso_events',
-                0
-            )
-        );
-        $new_event->set('status', 'draft');
-        //duplicate discussion settings
-        $new_event->set('comment_status', $orig_event->get('comment_status'));
-        $new_event->set('ping_status', $orig_event->get('ping_status'));
-        //save the new event
-        $new_event->save();
-        //venues
-        foreach ($orig_ven as $ven) {
-            $new_event->_add_relation_to($ven, 'Venue');
-        }
-        $new_event->save();
-        //now we need to get the question group relations and handle that
-        //first primary question groups
-        $orig_primary_qgs = $orig_event->get_many_related(
-            'Question_Group',
-            array(array('Event_Question_Group.EQG_primary' => 1))
-        );
-        if (! empty($orig_primary_qgs)) {
-            foreach ($orig_primary_qgs as $id => $obj) {
-                if ($obj instanceof EE_Question_Group) {
-                    $new_event->_add_relation_to($obj, 'Question_Group', array('EQG_primary' => 1));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //next additional attendee question groups
-        $orig_additional_qgs = $orig_event->get_many_related(
-            'Question_Group',
-            array(array('Event_Question_Group.EQG_primary' => 0))
-        );
-        if (! empty($orig_additional_qgs)) {
-            foreach ($orig_additional_qgs as $id => $obj) {
-                if ($obj instanceof EE_Question_Group) {
-                    $new_event->_add_relation_to($obj, 'Question_Group', array('EQG_primary' => 0));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        $new_event->save();
-
-        //k now that we have the new event saved we can loop through the datetimes and start adding relations.
-        $cloned_tickets = array();
-        foreach ($orig_datetimes as $orig_dtt) {
-            if (! $orig_dtt instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $new_dtt   = clone $orig_dtt;
-            $orig_tkts = $orig_dtt->tickets();
-            //save new dtt then add to event
-            $new_dtt->set('DTT_ID', 0);
-            $new_dtt->set('DTT_sold', 0);
-            $new_dtt->set_reserved(0);
-            $new_dtt->save();
-            $new_event->_add_relation_to($new_dtt, 'Datetime');
-            $new_event->save();
-            //now let's get the ticket relations setup.
-            foreach ((array)$orig_tkts as $orig_tkt) {
-                //it's possible a datetime will have no tickets so let's verify we HAVE a ticket first.
-                if (! $orig_tkt instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                //is this ticket archived?  If it is then let's skip
-                if ($orig_tkt->get('TKT_deleted')) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // does this original ticket already exist in the clone_tickets cache?
-                //  If so we'll just use the new ticket from it.
-                if (isset($cloned_tickets[$orig_tkt->ID()])) {
-                    $new_tkt = $cloned_tickets[$orig_tkt->ID()];
-                } else {
-                    $new_tkt = clone $orig_tkt;
-                    //get relations on the $orig_tkt that we need to setup.
-                    $orig_prices = $orig_tkt->prices();
-                    $new_tkt->set('TKT_ID', 0);
-                    $new_tkt->set('TKT_sold', 0);
-                    $new_tkt->set('TKT_reserved', 0);
-                    $new_tkt->save(); //make sure new ticket has ID.
-                    //price relations on new ticket need to be setup.
-                    foreach ($orig_prices as $orig_price) {
-                        $new_price = clone $orig_price;
-                        $new_price->set('PRC_ID', 0);
-                        $new_price->save();
-                        $new_tkt->_add_relation_to($new_price, 'Price');
-                        $new_tkt->save();
-                    }
-
-                    do_action(
-                        'AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__duplicate_ticket__after',
-                        $orig_tkt,
-                        $new_tkt,
-                        $orig_prices,
-                        $orig_event,
-                        $orig_dtt,
-                        $new_dtt
-                    );
-                }
-                // k now we can add the new ticket as a relation to the new datetime
-                // and make sure its added to our cached $cloned_tickets array
-                // for use with later datetimes that have the same ticket.
-                $new_dtt->_add_relation_to($new_tkt, 'Ticket');
-                $new_dtt->save();
-                $cloned_tickets[$orig_tkt->ID()] = $new_tkt;
-            }
-        }
-        //clone taxonomy information
-        $taxonomies_to_clone_with = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__taxonomies_to_clone',
-            array('espresso_event_categories', 'espresso_event_type', 'post_tag')
-        );
-        //get terms for original event (notice)
-        $orig_terms = wp_get_object_terms($orig_event->ID(), $taxonomies_to_clone_with);
-        //loop through terms and add them to new event.
-        foreach ($orig_terms as $term) {
-            wp_set_object_terms($new_event->ID(), $term->term_id, $term->taxonomy, true);
-        }
-
-        //duplicate other core WP_Post items for this event.
-        //post thumbnail (feature image).
-        $feature_image_id = get_post_thumbnail_id($orig_event->ID());
-        if ($feature_image_id) {
-            update_post_meta($new_event->ID(), '_thumbnail_id', $feature_image_id);
-        }
-
-        //duplicate page_template setting
-        $page_template = get_post_meta($orig_event->ID(), '_wp_page_template', true);
-        if ($page_template) {
-            update_post_meta($new_event->ID(), '_wp_page_template', $page_template);
-        }
-
-        do_action('AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__after', $new_event, $orig_event);
-        //now let's redirect to the edit page for this duplicated event if we have a new event id.
-        if ($new_event->ID()) {
-            $redirect_args = array(
-                'post'   => $new_event->ID(),
-                'action' => 'edit',
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_success(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Event successfully duplicated.  Please review the details below and make any necessary edits',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                )
-            );
-        } else {
-            $redirect_args = array(
-                'action' => 'default',
-            );
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__('Not able to duplicate event.  Something went wrong.', 'event_espresso'),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', $redirect_args, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generates output for the import page.
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    protected function _import_page()
-    {
-        $title                                      = esc_html__('Import', 'event_espresso');
-        $intro                                      = esc_html__(
-            'If you have a previously exported Event Espresso 4 information in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) file format, you can upload the file here: ',
-            'event_espresso'
-        );
-        $form_url                                   = EVENTS_ADMIN_URL;
-        $action                                     = 'import_events';
-        $type                                       = 'csv';
-        $this->_template_args['form']               = EE_Import::instance()->upload_form(
-            $title, $intro, $form_url, $action, $type
-        );
-        $this->_template_args['sample_file_link']   = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array('action' => 'sample_export_file'),
-            $this->_admin_base_url
-        );
-        $content                                    = EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'import_page.template.php',
-            $this->_template_args,
-            true
-        );
-        $this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = $content;
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _import_events
-     * This handles displaying the screen and running imports for importing events.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _import_events()
-    {
-        require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Import.class.php');
-        $success = EE_Import::instance()->import();
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Import File', 'ran', array('action' => 'import_page'), true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _events_export
-     * Will export all (or just the given event) to a Excel compatible file.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _events_export()
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])) {
-            $event_ids = $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'];
-        } elseif (isset($this->_req_data['EVT_IDs'])) {
-            $event_ids = $this->_req_data['EVT_IDs'];
-        } else {
-            $event_ids = null;
-        }
-        //todo: I don't like doing this but it'll do until we modify EE_Export Class.
-        $new_request_args = array(
-            'export' => 'report',
-            'action' => 'all_event_data',
-            'EVT_ID' => $event_ids,
-        );
-        $this->_req_data  = array_merge($this->_req_data, $new_request_args);
-        if (is_readable(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php')) {
-            require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php');
-            $EE_Export = EE_Export::instance($this->_req_data);
-            $EE_Export->export();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * handle category exports()
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _categories_export()
-    {
-        //todo: I don't like doing this but it'll do until we modify EE_Export Class.
-        $new_request_args = array(
-            'export'       => 'report',
-            'action'       => 'categories',
-            'category_ids' => $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT_ID'],
-        );
-        $this->_req_data  = array_merge($this->_req_data, $new_request_args);
-        if (is_readable(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php')) {
-            require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php');
-            $EE_Export = EE_Export::instance($this->_req_data);
-            $EE_Export->export();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a sample CSV file for importing
-     */
-    protected function _sample_export_file()
-    {
-        //		require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php');
-        EE_Export::instance()->export_sample();
-    }
-
-
-    /*************        Template Settings        *************/
-    /**
-     * Generates template settings page output
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _template_settings()
-    {
-        $this->_template_args['values'] = $this->_yes_no_values;
-        /**
-         * Note leaving this filter in for backward compatibility this was moved in 4.6.x
-         * from General_Settings_Admin_Page to here.
-         */
-        $this->_template_args = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__General_Settings_Admin_Page__template_settings__template_args',
-            $this->_template_args
-        );
-        $this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_template_settings');
-        $this->_set_publish_post_box_vars(null, false, false, null, false);
-        $this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'template_settings.template.php',
-            $this->_template_args,
-            true
-        );
-        $this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handler for updating template settings.
-     */
-    protected function _update_template_settings()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Note leaving this filter in for backward compatibility this was moved in 4.6.x
-         * from General_Settings_Admin_Page to here.
-         */
-        EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->template_settings = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__General_Settings_Admin_Page__update_template_settings__data',
-            EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->template_settings,
-            $this->_req_data
-        );
-        //update custom post type slugs and detect if we need to flush rewrite rules
-        $old_slug                                          = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug;
-        EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug = empty($this->_req_data['event_cpt_slug'])
-            ? EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug
-            : sanitize_title_with_dashes($this->_req_data['event_cpt_slug']);
-        $what                                              = 'Template Settings';
-        $success                                           = $this->_update_espresso_configuration(
-            $what,
-            EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->template_settings,
-            __FILE__,
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            __LINE__
-        );
-        if (EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug != $old_slug) {
-            update_option('ee_flush_rewrite_rules', true);
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, $what, 'updated', array('action' => 'template_settings'));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _premium_event_editor_meta_boxes
-     * add all metaboxes related to the event_editor
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _premium_event_editor_meta_boxes()
-    {
-        $this->verify_cpt_object();
-        add_meta_box(
-            'espresso_event_editor_event_options',
-            esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
-            array($this, 'registration_options_meta_box'),
-            $this->page_slug,
-            'side',
-            'core'
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * override caf metabox
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function registration_options_meta_box()
-    {
-        $yes_no_values                                    = array(
-            array('id' => true, 'text' => esc_html__('Yes', 'event_espresso')),
-            array('id' => false, 'text' => esc_html__('No', 'event_espresso')),
-        );
-        $default_reg_status_values                        = EEM_Registration::reg_status_array(
-            array(
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_cancelled,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_declined,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete,
-                EEM_Registration::status_id_wait_list,
-            ),
-            true
-        );
-        $template_args['active_status']                   = $this->_cpt_model_obj->pretty_active_status(false);
-        $template_args['_event']                          = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
-        $template_args['additional_limit']                = $this->_cpt_model_obj->additional_limit();
-        $template_args['default_registration_status']     = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'default_reg_status',
-            $default_reg_status_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
-        );
-        $template_args['display_description']             = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'display_desc',
-            $yes_no_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->display_description()
-        );
-        $template_args['display_ticket_selector']         = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'display_ticket_selector',
-            $yes_no_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->display_ticket_selector(),
-            '',
-            '',
-            false
-        );
-        $template_args['EVT_default_registration_status'] = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
-            'EVT_default_registration_status',
-            $default_reg_status_values,
-            $this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
-        );
-        $template_args['additional_registration_options'] = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__registration_options_meta_box__additional_registration_options',
-            '',
-            $template_args,
-            $yes_no_values,
-            $default_reg_status_values
-        );
-        EEH_Template::display_template(
-            EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_registration_options.template.php',
-            $template_args
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * wp_list_table_mods for caf
-     * ============================
-     */
-    /**
-     * hook into list table filters and provide filters for caffeinated list table
-     *
-     * @param  array $old_filters    any existing filters present
-     * @param  array $list_table_obj the list table object
-     * @return array                  new filters
-     */
-    public function list_table_filters($old_filters, $list_table_obj)
-    {
-        $filters = array();
-        //first month/year filters
-        $filters[] = $this->espresso_event_months_dropdown();
-        $status    = isset($this->_req_data['status']) ? $this->_req_data['status'] : null;
-        //active status dropdown
-        if ($status !== 'draft') {
-            $filters[] = $this->active_status_dropdown(
-                isset($this->_req_data['active_status']) ? $this->_req_data['active_status'] : ''
-            );
-        }
-        //category filter
-        $filters[] = $this->category_dropdown();
-        return array_merge($old_filters, $filters);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * espresso_event_months_dropdown
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string                dropdown listing month/year selections for events.
-     */
-    public function espresso_event_months_dropdown()
-    {
-        // what we need to do is get all PRIMARY datetimes for all events to filter on.
-        // Note we need to include any other filters that are set!
-        $status = isset($this->_req_data['status']) ? $this->_req_data['status'] : null;
-        //categories?
-        $category = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_CAT']) && $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT'] > 0
-            ? $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT']
-            : null;
-        //active status?
-        $active_status = isset($this->_req_data['active_status']) ? $this->_req_data['active_status'] : null;
-        $cur_date      = isset($this->_req_data['month_range']) ? $this->_req_data['month_range'] : '';
-        return EEH_Form_Fields::generate_event_months_dropdown($cur_date, $status, $category, $active_status);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns a list of "active" statuses on the event
-     *
-     * @param  string $current_value whatever the current active status is
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function active_status_dropdown($current_value = '')
-    {
-        $select_name = 'active_status';
-        $values      = array(
-            'none'     => esc_html__('Show Active/Inactive', 'event_espresso'),
-            'active'   => esc_html__('Active', 'event_espresso'),
-            'upcoming' => esc_html__('Upcoming', 'event_espresso'),
-            'expired'  => esc_html__('Expired', 'event_espresso'),
-            'inactive' => esc_html__('Inactive', 'event_espresso'),
-        );
-        $id          = 'id="espresso-active-status-dropdown-filter"';
-        $class       = 'wide';
-        return EEH_Form_Fields::select_input($select_name, $values, $current_value, $id, $class);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * output a dropdown of the categories for the category filter on the event admin list table
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @return string html
-     */
-    public function category_dropdown()
-    {
-        $cur_cat = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_CAT']) ? $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT'] : -1;
-        return EEH_Form_Fields::generate_event_category_dropdown($cur_cat);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get total number of events today
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_events_today()
-    {
-        $start = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
-            'DTT_EVT_start',
-            date('Y-m-d') . ' 00:00:00',
-            'Y-m-d H:i:s',
-            'UTC'
-        );
-        $end   = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
-            'DTT_EVT_start',
-            date('Y-m-d') . ' 23:59:59',
-            'Y-m-d H:i:s',
-            'UTC'
-        );
-        $where = array(
-            'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => array('BETWEEN', array($start, $end)),
-        );
-        $count = EEM_Event::instance()->count(array($where, 'caps' => 'read_admin'), 'EVT_ID', true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get total number of events this month
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_events_this_month()
-    {
-        //Dates
-        $this_year_r     = date('Y');
-        $this_month_r    = date('m');
-        $days_this_month = date('t');
-        $start           = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
-            'DTT_EVT_start',
-            $this_year_r . '-' . $this_month_r . '-01 00:00:00',
-            'Y-m-d H:i:s',
-            'UTC'
-        );
-        $end             = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
-            'DTT_EVT_start',
-            $this_year_r . '-' . $this_month_r . '-' . $days_this_month . ' 23:59:59',
-            'Y-m-d H:i:s',
-            'UTC'
-        );
-        $where           = array(
-            'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => array('BETWEEN', array($start, $end)),
-        );
-        $count           = EEM_Event::instance()->count(array($where, 'caps' => 'read_admin'), 'EVT_ID', true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /** DEFAULT TICKETS STUFF **/
-
-    /**
-     * Output default tickets list table view.
-     */
-    public function _tickets_overview_list_table()
-    {
-        $this->_search_btn_label = esc_html__('Tickets', 'event_espresso');
-        $this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_no_sidebar();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int  $per_page
-     * @param bool $count
-     * @param bool $trashed
-     * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]|int
-     */
-    public function get_default_tickets($per_page = 10, $count = false, $trashed = false)
-    {
-        $orderby = empty($this->_req_data['orderby']) ? 'TKT_name' : $this->_req_data['orderby'];
-        $order   = empty($this->_req_data['order']) ? 'ASC' : $this->_req_data['order'];
-        switch ($orderby) {
-            case 'TKT_name':
-                $orderby = array('TKT_name' => $order);
-                break;
-            case 'TKT_price':
-                $orderby = array('TKT_price' => $order);
-                break;
-            case 'TKT_uses':
-                $orderby = array('TKT_uses' => $order);
-                break;
-            case 'TKT_min':
-                $orderby = array('TKT_min' => $order);
-                break;
-            case 'TKT_max':
-                $orderby = array('TKT_max' => $order);
-                break;
-            case 'TKT_qty':
-                $orderby = array('TKT_qty' => $order);
-                break;
-        }
-        $current_page = isset($this->_req_data['paged']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['paged'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['paged']
-            : 1;
-        $per_page     = isset($this->_req_data['perpage']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['perpage'])
-            ? $this->_req_data['perpage']
-            : $per_page;
-        $_where       = array(
-            'TKT_is_default' => 1,
-            'TKT_deleted'    => $trashed,
-        );
-        $offset       = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
-        $limit        = array($offset, $per_page);
-        if (isset($this->_req_data['s'])) {
-            $sstr         = '%' . $this->_req_data['s'] . '%';
-            $_where['OR'] = array(
-                'TKT_name'        => array('LIKE', $sstr),
-                'TKT_description' => array('LIKE', $sstr),
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params = array(
-            $_where,
-            'order_by' => $orderby,
-            'limit'    => $limit,
-            'group_by' => 'TKT_ID',
-        );
-        if ($count) {
-            return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count_deleted_and_undeleted(array($_where));
-        } else {
-            return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_deleted_and_undeleted($query_params);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $trash
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _trash_or_restore_ticket($trash = false)
-    {
-        $success = 1;
-        $TKT     = EEM_Ticket::instance();
-        //checkboxes?
-        if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-            //if array has more than one element then success message should be plural
-            $success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-            //cycle thru the boxes
-            while (list($TKT_ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-                if ($trash) {
-                    if (! $TKT->delete_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
-                        $success = 0;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if (! $TKT->restore_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
-                        $success = 0;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            //grab single id and trash
-            $TKT_ID = absint($this->_req_data['TKT_ID']);
-            if ($trash) {
-                if (! $TKT->delete_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
-                    $success = 0;
-                }
-            } else {
-                if (! $TKT->restore_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
-                    $success = 0;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $action_desc = $trash ? 'moved to the trash' : 'restored';
-        $query_args  = array(
-            'action' => 'ticket_list_table',
-            'status' => $trash ? '' : 'trashed',
-        );
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Tickets', $action_desc, $query_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Handles trashing default ticket.
-     */
-    protected function _delete_ticket()
-    {
-        $success = 1;
-        //checkboxes?
-        if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-            //if array has more than one element then success message should be plural
-            $success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-            //cycle thru the boxes
-            while (list($TKT_ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
-                //delete
-                if (! $this->_delete_the_ticket($TKT_ID)) {
-                    $success = 0;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            //grab single id and trash
-            $TKT_ID = absint($this->_req_data['TKT_ID']);
-            if (! $this->_delete_the_ticket($TKT_ID)) {
-                $success = 0;
-            }
-        }
-        $action_desc = 'deleted';
-        $query_args  = array(
-            'action' => 'ticket_list_table',
-            'status' => 'trashed',
-        );
-        //fail safe.  If the default ticket count === 1 then we need to redirect to event overview.
-        if (EEM_Ticket::instance()->count_deleted_and_undeleted(
-            array(array('TKT_is_default' => 1)),
-            'TKT_ID',
-            true
-        )
-        ) {
-            $query_args = array();
-        }
-        $this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Tickets', $action_desc, $query_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $TKT_ID
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete_the_ticket($TKT_ID)
-    {
-        $tkt = EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_one_by_ID($TKT_ID);
-        $tkt->_remove_relations('Datetime');
-        //delete all related prices first
-        $tkt->delete_related_permanently('Price');
-        return $tkt->delete_permanently();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Extend_Events_Admin_Page constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $routing
+	 */
+	public function __construct($routing = true)
+	{
+		parent::__construct($routing);
+		if (! defined('EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH')) {
+			define('EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'events/templates/');
+			define('EVENTS_CAF_ASSETS', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'events/assets/');
+			define('EVENTS_CAF_ASSETS_URL', EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND_URL . 'events/assets/');
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets routes.
+	 */
+	protected function _extend_page_config()
+	{
+		$this->_admin_base_path = EE_CORE_CAF_ADMIN_EXTEND . 'events';
+		//is there a evt_id in the request?
+		$evt_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])
+			? $this->_req_data['EVT_ID']
+			: 0;
+		$evt_id = ! empty($this->_req_data['post']) ? $this->_req_data['post'] : $evt_id;
+		//tkt_id?
+		$tkt_id             = ! empty($this->_req_data['TKT_ID']) && ! is_array($this->_req_data['TKT_ID'])
+			? $this->_req_data['TKT_ID']
+			: 0;
+		$new_page_routes    = array(
+			'duplicate_event'          => array(
+				'func'       => '_duplicate_event',
+				'capability' => 'ee_edit_event',
+				'obj_id'     => $evt_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'ticket_list_table'        => array(
+				'func'       => '_tickets_overview_list_table',
+				'capability' => 'ee_read_default_tickets',
+			),
+			'trash_ticket'             => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_ticket',
+				'obj_id'     => $tkt_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+				'args'       => array('trash' => true),
+			),
+			'trash_tickets'            => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_tickets',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+				'args'       => array('trash' => true),
+			),
+			'restore_ticket'           => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_ticket',
+				'obj_id'     => $tkt_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'restore_tickets'          => array(
+				'func'       => '_trash_or_restore_ticket',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_tickets',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'delete_ticket'            => array(
+				'func'       => '_delete_ticket',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_ticket',
+				'obj_id'     => $tkt_id,
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'delete_tickets'           => array(
+				'func'       => '_delete_ticket',
+				'capability' => 'ee_delete_default_tickets',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'import_page'              => array(
+				'func'       => '_import_page',
+				'capability' => 'import',
+			),
+			'import'                   => array(
+				'func'       => '_import_events',
+				'capability' => 'import',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'import_events'            => array(
+				'func'       => '_import_events',
+				'capability' => 'import',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'export_events'            => array(
+				'func'       => '_events_export',
+				'capability' => 'export',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'export_categories'        => array(
+				'func'       => '_categories_export',
+				'capability' => 'export',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'sample_export_file'       => array(
+				'func'       => '_sample_export_file',
+				'capability' => 'export',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+			'update_template_settings' => array(
+				'func'       => '_update_template_settings',
+				'capability' => 'manage_options',
+				'noheader'   => true,
+			),
+		);
+		$this->_page_routes = array_merge($this->_page_routes, $new_page_routes);
+		//partial route/config override
+		$this->_page_config['import_events']['metaboxes'] = $this->_default_espresso_metaboxes;
+		$this->_page_config['create_new']['metaboxes'][]  = '_premium_event_editor_meta_boxes';
+		$this->_page_config['create_new']['qtips'][]      = 'EE_Event_Editor_Tips';
+		$this->_page_config['edit']['qtips'][]            = 'EE_Event_Editor_Tips';
+		$this->_page_config['edit']['metaboxes'][]        = '_premium_event_editor_meta_boxes';
+		$this->_page_config['default']['list_table']      = 'Extend_Events_Admin_List_Table';
+		//add tickets tab but only if there are more than one default ticket!
+		$tkt_count = EEM_Ticket::instance()->count_deleted_and_undeleted(
+			array(array('TKT_is_default' => 1)),
+			'TKT_ID',
+			true
+		);
+		if ($tkt_count > 1) {
+			$new_page_config = array(
+				'ticket_list_table' => array(
+					'nav'           => array(
+						'label' => esc_html__('Default Tickets', 'event_espresso'),
+						'order' => 60,
+					),
+					'list_table'    => 'Tickets_List_Table',
+					'require_nonce' => false,
+				),
+			);
+		}
+		//template settings
+		$new_page_config['template_settings'] = array(
+			'nav'           => array(
+				'label' => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
+				'order' => 30,
+			),
+			'metaboxes'     => array_merge($this->_default_espresso_metaboxes, array('_publish_post_box')),
+			'help_tabs'     => array(
+				'general_settings_templates_help_tab' => array(
+					'title'    => esc_html__('Templates', 'event_espresso'),
+					'filename' => 'general_settings_templates',
+				),
+			),
+			'help_tour'     => array('Templates_Help_Tour'),
+			'require_nonce' => false,
+		);
+		$this->_page_config                   = array_merge($this->_page_config, $new_page_config);
+		//add filters and actions
+		//modifying _views
+		add_filter(
+			'FHEE_event_datetime_metabox_add_additional_date_time_template',
+			array($this, 'add_additional_datetime_button'),
+			10,
+			2
+		);
+		add_filter(
+			'FHEE_event_datetime_metabox_clone_button_template',
+			array($this, 'add_datetime_clone_button'),
+			10,
+			2
+		);
+		add_filter(
+			'FHEE_event_datetime_metabox_timezones_template',
+			array($this, 'datetime_timezones_template'),
+			10,
+			2
+		);
+		//filters for event list table
+		add_filter('FHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_List_Table__filters', array($this, 'list_table_filters'), 10, 2);
+		add_filter(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_List_Table__column_actions__action_links',
+			array($this, 'extra_list_table_actions'),
+			10,
+			2
+		);
+		//legend item
+		add_filter('FHEE__Events_Admin_Page___event_legend_items__items', array($this, 'additional_legend_items'));
+		add_action('admin_init', array($this, 'admin_init'));
+		//heartbeat stuff
+		add_filter('heartbeat_received', array($this, 'heartbeat_response'), 10, 2);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * admin_init
+	 */
+	public function admin_init()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings = array_merge(
+			EE_Registry::$i18n_js_strings,
+			array(
+				'image_confirm'          => esc_html__(
+					'Do you really want to delete this image? Please remember to update your event to complete the removal.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				'event_starts_on'        => esc_html__('Event Starts on', 'event_espresso'),
+				'event_ends_on'          => esc_html__('Event Ends on', 'event_espresso'),
+				'event_datetime_actions' => esc_html__('Actions', 'event_espresso'),
+				'event_clone_dt_msg'     => esc_html__('Clone this Event Date and Time', 'event_espresso'),
+				'remove_event_dt_msg'    => esc_html__('Remove this Event Time', 'event_espresso'),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will be used to listen for any heartbeat data packages coming via the WordPress heartbeat API and handle
+	 * accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $response The existing heartbeat response array.
+	 * @param array $data     The incoming data package.
+	 * @return array  possibly appended response.
+	 */
+	public function heartbeat_response($response, $data)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * check whether count of tickets is approaching the potential
+		 * limits for the server.
+		 */
+		if (! empty($data['input_count'])) {
+			$response['max_input_vars_check'] = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->environment->max_input_vars_limit_check(
+				$data['input_count']
+			);
+		}
+		return $response;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Add per page screen options to the default ticket list table view.
+	 */
+	protected function _add_screen_options_ticket_list_table()
+	{
+		$this->_per_page_screen_option();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $return
+	 * @param int    $id
+	 * @param string $new_title
+	 * @param string $new_slug
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug)
+	{
+		$return = parent::extra_permalink_field_buttons($return, $id, $new_title, $new_slug);
+		//make sure this is only when editing
+		if (! empty($id)) {
+			$href   = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+				array('action' => 'duplicate_event', 'EVT_ID' => $id),
+				$this->_admin_base_url
+			);
+			$title  = esc_attr__('Duplicate Event', 'event_espresso');
+			$return .= '<a href="'
+					   . $href
+					   . '" title="'
+					   . $title
+					   . '" id="ee-duplicate-event-button" class="button button-small"  value="duplicate_event">'
+					   . $title
+					   . '</button>';
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set the list table views for the default ticket list table view.
+	 */
+	public function _set_list_table_views_ticket_list_table()
+	{
+		$this->_views = array(
+			'all'     => array(
+				'slug'        => 'all',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('All', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'trash_tickets' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			),
+			'trashed' => array(
+				'slug'        => 'trashed',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => 0,
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'restore_tickets' => esc_html__('Restore from Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+					'delete_tickets'  => esc_html__('Delete Permanently', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Enqueue scripts and styles for the event editor.
+	 */
+	public function load_scripts_styles_edit()
+	{
+		wp_register_script(
+			'ee-event-editor-heartbeat',
+			EVENTS_CAF_ASSETS_URL . 'event-editor-heartbeat.js',
+			array('ee_admin_js', 'heartbeat'),
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+			true
+		);
+		wp_enqueue_script('ee-accounting');
+		//styles
+		wp_enqueue_style('espresso-ui-theme');
+		wp_enqueue_script('event_editor_js');
+		wp_enqueue_script('ee-event-editor-heartbeat');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns template for the additional datetime.
+	 * @param $template
+	 * @param $template_args
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public function add_additional_datetime_button($template, $template_args)
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_datetime_add_additional_time.template.php',
+			$template_args,
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the template for cloning a datetime.
+	 * @param $template
+	 * @param $template_args
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public function add_datetime_clone_button($template, $template_args)
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_datetime_metabox_clone_button.template.php',
+			$template_args,
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the template for datetime timezones.
+	 * @param $template
+	 * @param $template_args
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public function datetime_timezones_template($template, $template_args)
+	{
+		return EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_datetime_timezones.template.php',
+			$template_args,
+			true
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the views for the default list table view.
+	 */
+	protected function _set_list_table_views_default()
+	{
+		parent::_set_list_table_views_default();
+		$new_views    = array(
+			'today' => array(
+				'slug'        => 'today',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('Today', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => $this->total_events_today(),
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			),
+			'month' => array(
+				'slug'        => 'month',
+				'label'       => esc_html__('This Month', 'event_espresso'),
+				'count'       => $this->total_events_this_month(),
+				'bulk_action' => array(
+					'trash_events' => esc_html__('Move to Trash', 'event_espresso'),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+		$this->_views = array_merge($this->_views, $new_views);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the extra action links for the default list table view.
+	 * @param array     $action_links
+	 * @param \EE_Event $event
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_list_table_actions(array $action_links, \EE_Event $event)
+	{
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
+			'ee_read_registrations',
+			'espresso_registrations_reports',
+			$event->ID()
+		)
+		) {
+			$reports_query_args = array(
+				'action' => 'reports',
+				'EVT_ID' => $event->ID(),
+			);
+			$reports_link       = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce($reports_query_args, REG_ADMIN_URL);
+			$action_links[]     = '<a href="'
+								  . $reports_link
+								  . '" title="'
+								  . esc_attr__('View Report', 'event_espresso')
+								  . '"><div class="dashicons dashicons-chart-bar"></div></a>'
+								  . "\n\t";
+		}
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_global_messages', 'view_filtered_messages')) {
+			EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('MSG_Template');
+			$action_links[] = EEH_MSG_Template::get_message_action_link(
+				'see_notifications_for',
+				null,
+				array('EVT_ID' => $event->ID())
+			);
+		}
+		return $action_links;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $items
+	 * @return mixed
+	 */
+	public function additional_legend_items($items)
+	{
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can(
+			'ee_read_registrations',
+			'espresso_registrations_reports'
+		)
+		) {
+			$items['reports'] = array(
+				'class' => 'dashicons dashicons-chart-bar',
+				'desc'  => esc_html__('Event Reports', 'event_espresso'),
+			);
+		}
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CAP->current_user_can('ee_read_global_messages', 'view_filtered_messages')) {
+			$related_for_icon = EEH_MSG_Template::get_message_action_icon('see_notifications_for');
+			if (isset($related_for_icon['css_class']) && isset($related_for_icon['label'])) {
+				$items['view_related_messages'] = array(
+					'class' => $related_for_icon['css_class'],
+					'desc'  => $related_for_icon['label'],
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $items;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is the callback method for the duplicate event route
+	 * Method looks for 'EVT_ID' in the request and retrieves that event and its details and duplicates them
+	 * into a new event.  We add a hook so that any plugins that add extra event details can hook into this
+	 * action.  Note that the dupe will have **DUPLICATE** as its title and slug.
+	 * After duplication the redirect is to the new event edit page.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @throws EE_Error If EE_Event is not available with given ID
+	 */
+	protected function _duplicate_event()
+	{
+		// first make sure the ID for the event is in the request.
+		//  If it isn't then we need to bail and redirect back to overview list table (cause how did we get here?)
+		if (! isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'In order to duplicate an event an Event ID is required.  None was given.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			$this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', array(), true);
+			return;
+		}
+		//k we've got EVT_ID so let's use that to get the event we'll duplicate
+		$orig_event = EEM_Event::instance()->get_one_by_ID($this->_req_data['EVT_ID']);
+		if (! $orig_event instanceof EE_Event) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('An EE_Event object could not be retrieved for the given ID (%s)', 'event_espresso'),
+					$this->_req_data['EVT_ID']
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		//k now let's clone the $orig_event before getting relations
+		$new_event = clone $orig_event;
+		//original datetimes
+		$orig_datetimes = $orig_event->get_many_related('Datetime');
+		//other original relations
+		$orig_ven = $orig_event->get_many_related('Venue');
+		//reset the ID and modify other details to make it clear this is a dupe
+		$new_event->set('EVT_ID', 0);
+		$new_name = $new_event->name() . ' ' . esc_html__('**DUPLICATE**', 'event_espresso');
+		$new_event->set('EVT_name', $new_name);
+		$new_event->set(
+			'EVT_slug',
+			wp_unique_post_slug(
+				sanitize_title($orig_event->name()),
+				0,
+				'publish',
+				'espresso_events',
+				0
+			)
+		);
+		$new_event->set('status', 'draft');
+		//duplicate discussion settings
+		$new_event->set('comment_status', $orig_event->get('comment_status'));
+		$new_event->set('ping_status', $orig_event->get('ping_status'));
+		//save the new event
+		$new_event->save();
+		//venues
+		foreach ($orig_ven as $ven) {
+			$new_event->_add_relation_to($ven, 'Venue');
+		}
+		$new_event->save();
+		//now we need to get the question group relations and handle that
+		//first primary question groups
+		$orig_primary_qgs = $orig_event->get_many_related(
+			'Question_Group',
+			array(array('Event_Question_Group.EQG_primary' => 1))
+		);
+		if (! empty($orig_primary_qgs)) {
+			foreach ($orig_primary_qgs as $id => $obj) {
+				if ($obj instanceof EE_Question_Group) {
+					$new_event->_add_relation_to($obj, 'Question_Group', array('EQG_primary' => 1));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//next additional attendee question groups
+		$orig_additional_qgs = $orig_event->get_many_related(
+			'Question_Group',
+			array(array('Event_Question_Group.EQG_primary' => 0))
+		);
+		if (! empty($orig_additional_qgs)) {
+			foreach ($orig_additional_qgs as $id => $obj) {
+				if ($obj instanceof EE_Question_Group) {
+					$new_event->_add_relation_to($obj, 'Question_Group', array('EQG_primary' => 0));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		$new_event->save();
+
+		//k now that we have the new event saved we can loop through the datetimes and start adding relations.
+		$cloned_tickets = array();
+		foreach ($orig_datetimes as $orig_dtt) {
+			if (! $orig_dtt instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$new_dtt   = clone $orig_dtt;
+			$orig_tkts = $orig_dtt->tickets();
+			//save new dtt then add to event
+			$new_dtt->set('DTT_ID', 0);
+			$new_dtt->set('DTT_sold', 0);
+			$new_dtt->set_reserved(0);
+			$new_dtt->save();
+			$new_event->_add_relation_to($new_dtt, 'Datetime');
+			$new_event->save();
+			//now let's get the ticket relations setup.
+			foreach ((array)$orig_tkts as $orig_tkt) {
+				//it's possible a datetime will have no tickets so let's verify we HAVE a ticket first.
+				if (! $orig_tkt instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				//is this ticket archived?  If it is then let's skip
+				if ($orig_tkt->get('TKT_deleted')) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// does this original ticket already exist in the clone_tickets cache?
+				//  If so we'll just use the new ticket from it.
+				if (isset($cloned_tickets[$orig_tkt->ID()])) {
+					$new_tkt = $cloned_tickets[$orig_tkt->ID()];
+				} else {
+					$new_tkt = clone $orig_tkt;
+					//get relations on the $orig_tkt that we need to setup.
+					$orig_prices = $orig_tkt->prices();
+					$new_tkt->set('TKT_ID', 0);
+					$new_tkt->set('TKT_sold', 0);
+					$new_tkt->set('TKT_reserved', 0);
+					$new_tkt->save(); //make sure new ticket has ID.
+					//price relations on new ticket need to be setup.
+					foreach ($orig_prices as $orig_price) {
+						$new_price = clone $orig_price;
+						$new_price->set('PRC_ID', 0);
+						$new_price->save();
+						$new_tkt->_add_relation_to($new_price, 'Price');
+						$new_tkt->save();
+					}
+
+					do_action(
+						'AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__duplicate_ticket__after',
+						$orig_tkt,
+						$new_tkt,
+						$orig_prices,
+						$orig_event,
+						$orig_dtt,
+						$new_dtt
+					);
+				}
+				// k now we can add the new ticket as a relation to the new datetime
+				// and make sure its added to our cached $cloned_tickets array
+				// for use with later datetimes that have the same ticket.
+				$new_dtt->_add_relation_to($new_tkt, 'Ticket');
+				$new_dtt->save();
+				$cloned_tickets[$orig_tkt->ID()] = $new_tkt;
+			}
+		}
+		//clone taxonomy information
+		$taxonomies_to_clone_with = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__taxonomies_to_clone',
+			array('espresso_event_categories', 'espresso_event_type', 'post_tag')
+		);
+		//get terms for original event (notice)
+		$orig_terms = wp_get_object_terms($orig_event->ID(), $taxonomies_to_clone_with);
+		//loop through terms and add them to new event.
+		foreach ($orig_terms as $term) {
+			wp_set_object_terms($new_event->ID(), $term->term_id, $term->taxonomy, true);
+		}
+
+		//duplicate other core WP_Post items for this event.
+		//post thumbnail (feature image).
+		$feature_image_id = get_post_thumbnail_id($orig_event->ID());
+		if ($feature_image_id) {
+			update_post_meta($new_event->ID(), '_thumbnail_id', $feature_image_id);
+		}
+
+		//duplicate page_template setting
+		$page_template = get_post_meta($orig_event->ID(), '_wp_page_template', true);
+		if ($page_template) {
+			update_post_meta($new_event->ID(), '_wp_page_template', $page_template);
+		}
+
+		do_action('AHEE__Extend_Events_Admin_Page___duplicate_event__after', $new_event, $orig_event);
+		//now let's redirect to the edit page for this duplicated event if we have a new event id.
+		if ($new_event->ID()) {
+			$redirect_args = array(
+				'post'   => $new_event->ID(),
+				'action' => 'edit',
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_success(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Event successfully duplicated.  Please review the details below and make any necessary edits',
+					'event_espresso'
+				)
+			);
+		} else {
+			$redirect_args = array(
+				'action' => 'default',
+			);
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__('Not able to duplicate event.  Something went wrong.', 'event_espresso'),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action(false, '', '', $redirect_args, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generates output for the import page.
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	protected function _import_page()
+	{
+		$title                                      = esc_html__('Import', 'event_espresso');
+		$intro                                      = esc_html__(
+			'If you have a previously exported Event Espresso 4 information in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) file format, you can upload the file here: ',
+			'event_espresso'
+		);
+		$form_url                                   = EVENTS_ADMIN_URL;
+		$action                                     = 'import_events';
+		$type                                       = 'csv';
+		$this->_template_args['form']               = EE_Import::instance()->upload_form(
+			$title, $intro, $form_url, $action, $type
+		);
+		$this->_template_args['sample_file_link']   = EE_Admin_Page::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array('action' => 'sample_export_file'),
+			$this->_admin_base_url
+		);
+		$content                                    = EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'import_page.template.php',
+			$this->_template_args,
+			true
+		);
+		$this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = $content;
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _import_events
+	 * This handles displaying the screen and running imports for importing events.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _import_events()
+	{
+		require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Import.class.php');
+		$success = EE_Import::instance()->import();
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Import File', 'ran', array('action' => 'import_page'), true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _events_export
+	 * Will export all (or just the given event) to a Excel compatible file.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _events_export()
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['EVT_ID'])) {
+			$event_ids = $this->_req_data['EVT_ID'];
+		} elseif (isset($this->_req_data['EVT_IDs'])) {
+			$event_ids = $this->_req_data['EVT_IDs'];
+		} else {
+			$event_ids = null;
+		}
+		//todo: I don't like doing this but it'll do until we modify EE_Export Class.
+		$new_request_args = array(
+			'export' => 'report',
+			'action' => 'all_event_data',
+			'EVT_ID' => $event_ids,
+		);
+		$this->_req_data  = array_merge($this->_req_data, $new_request_args);
+		if (is_readable(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php')) {
+			require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php');
+			$EE_Export = EE_Export::instance($this->_req_data);
+			$EE_Export->export();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * handle category exports()
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _categories_export()
+	{
+		//todo: I don't like doing this but it'll do until we modify EE_Export Class.
+		$new_request_args = array(
+			'export'       => 'report',
+			'action'       => 'categories',
+			'category_ids' => $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT_ID'],
+		);
+		$this->_req_data  = array_merge($this->_req_data, $new_request_args);
+		if (is_readable(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php')) {
+			require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php');
+			$EE_Export = EE_Export::instance($this->_req_data);
+			$EE_Export->export();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a sample CSV file for importing
+	 */
+	protected function _sample_export_file()
+	{
+		//		require_once(EE_CLASSES . 'EE_Export.class.php');
+		EE_Export::instance()->export_sample();
+	}
+
+
+	/*************        Template Settings        *************/
+	/**
+	 * Generates template settings page output
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _template_settings()
+	{
+		$this->_template_args['values'] = $this->_yes_no_values;
+		/**
+		 * Note leaving this filter in for backward compatibility this was moved in 4.6.x
+		 * from General_Settings_Admin_Page to here.
+		 */
+		$this->_template_args = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__General_Settings_Admin_Page__template_settings__template_args',
+			$this->_template_args
+		);
+		$this->_set_add_edit_form_tags('update_template_settings');
+		$this->_set_publish_post_box_vars(null, false, false, null, false);
+		$this->_template_args['admin_page_content'] = EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'template_settings.template.php',
+			$this->_template_args,
+			true
+		);
+		$this->display_admin_page_with_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handler for updating template settings.
+	 */
+	protected function _update_template_settings()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Note leaving this filter in for backward compatibility this was moved in 4.6.x
+		 * from General_Settings_Admin_Page to here.
+		 */
+		EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->template_settings = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__General_Settings_Admin_Page__update_template_settings__data',
+			EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->template_settings,
+			$this->_req_data
+		);
+		//update custom post type slugs and detect if we need to flush rewrite rules
+		$old_slug                                          = EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug;
+		EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug = empty($this->_req_data['event_cpt_slug'])
+			? EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug
+			: sanitize_title_with_dashes($this->_req_data['event_cpt_slug']);
+		$what                                              = 'Template Settings';
+		$success                                           = $this->_update_espresso_configuration(
+			$what,
+			EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->template_settings,
+			__FILE__,
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			__LINE__
+		);
+		if (EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->core->event_cpt_slug != $old_slug) {
+			update_option('ee_flush_rewrite_rules', true);
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, $what, 'updated', array('action' => 'template_settings'));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _premium_event_editor_meta_boxes
+	 * add all metaboxes related to the event_editor
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _premium_event_editor_meta_boxes()
+	{
+		$this->verify_cpt_object();
+		add_meta_box(
+			'espresso_event_editor_event_options',
+			esc_html__('Event Registration Options', 'event_espresso'),
+			array($this, 'registration_options_meta_box'),
+			$this->page_slug,
+			'side',
+			'core'
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * override caf metabox
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public function registration_options_meta_box()
+	{
+		$yes_no_values                                    = array(
+			array('id' => true, 'text' => esc_html__('Yes', 'event_espresso')),
+			array('id' => false, 'text' => esc_html__('No', 'event_espresso')),
+		);
+		$default_reg_status_values                        = EEM_Registration::reg_status_array(
+			array(
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_cancelled,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_declined,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_incomplete,
+				EEM_Registration::status_id_wait_list,
+			),
+			true
+		);
+		$template_args['active_status']                   = $this->_cpt_model_obj->pretty_active_status(false);
+		$template_args['_event']                          = $this->_cpt_model_obj;
+		$template_args['additional_limit']                = $this->_cpt_model_obj->additional_limit();
+		$template_args['default_registration_status']     = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'default_reg_status',
+			$default_reg_status_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
+		);
+		$template_args['display_description']             = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'display_desc',
+			$yes_no_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->display_description()
+		);
+		$template_args['display_ticket_selector']         = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'display_ticket_selector',
+			$yes_no_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->display_ticket_selector(),
+			'',
+			'',
+			false
+		);
+		$template_args['EVT_default_registration_status'] = EEH_Form_Fields::select_input(
+			'EVT_default_registration_status',
+			$default_reg_status_values,
+			$this->_cpt_model_obj->default_registration_status()
+		);
+		$template_args['additional_registration_options'] = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__Events_Admin_Page__registration_options_meta_box__additional_registration_options',
+			'',
+			$template_args,
+			$yes_no_values,
+			$default_reg_status_values
+		);
+		EEH_Template::display_template(
+			EVENTS_CAF_TEMPLATE_PATH . 'event_registration_options.template.php',
+			$template_args
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * wp_list_table_mods for caf
+	 * ============================
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * hook into list table filters and provide filters for caffeinated list table
+	 *
+	 * @param  array $old_filters    any existing filters present
+	 * @param  array $list_table_obj the list table object
+	 * @return array                  new filters
+	 */
+	public function list_table_filters($old_filters, $list_table_obj)
+	{
+		$filters = array();
+		//first month/year filters
+		$filters[] = $this->espresso_event_months_dropdown();
+		$status    = isset($this->_req_data['status']) ? $this->_req_data['status'] : null;
+		//active status dropdown
+		if ($status !== 'draft') {
+			$filters[] = $this->active_status_dropdown(
+				isset($this->_req_data['active_status']) ? $this->_req_data['active_status'] : ''
+			);
+		}
+		//category filter
+		$filters[] = $this->category_dropdown();
+		return array_merge($old_filters, $filters);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * espresso_event_months_dropdown
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string                dropdown listing month/year selections for events.
+	 */
+	public function espresso_event_months_dropdown()
+	{
+		// what we need to do is get all PRIMARY datetimes for all events to filter on.
+		// Note we need to include any other filters that are set!
+		$status = isset($this->_req_data['status']) ? $this->_req_data['status'] : null;
+		//categories?
+		$category = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_CAT']) && $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT'] > 0
+			? $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT']
+			: null;
+		//active status?
+		$active_status = isset($this->_req_data['active_status']) ? $this->_req_data['active_status'] : null;
+		$cur_date      = isset($this->_req_data['month_range']) ? $this->_req_data['month_range'] : '';
+		return EEH_Form_Fields::generate_event_months_dropdown($cur_date, $status, $category, $active_status);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns a list of "active" statuses on the event
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $current_value whatever the current active status is
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function active_status_dropdown($current_value = '')
+	{
+		$select_name = 'active_status';
+		$values      = array(
+			'none'     => esc_html__('Show Active/Inactive', 'event_espresso'),
+			'active'   => esc_html__('Active', 'event_espresso'),
+			'upcoming' => esc_html__('Upcoming', 'event_espresso'),
+			'expired'  => esc_html__('Expired', 'event_espresso'),
+			'inactive' => esc_html__('Inactive', 'event_espresso'),
+		);
+		$id          = 'id="espresso-active-status-dropdown-filter"';
+		$class       = 'wide';
+		return EEH_Form_Fields::select_input($select_name, $values, $current_value, $id, $class);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * output a dropdown of the categories for the category filter on the event admin list table
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @return string html
+	 */
+	public function category_dropdown()
+	{
+		$cur_cat = isset($this->_req_data['EVT_CAT']) ? $this->_req_data['EVT_CAT'] : -1;
+		return EEH_Form_Fields::generate_event_category_dropdown($cur_cat);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get total number of events today
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_events_today()
+	{
+		$start = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
+			'DTT_EVT_start',
+			date('Y-m-d') . ' 00:00:00',
+			'Y-m-d H:i:s',
+			'UTC'
+		);
+		$end   = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
+			'DTT_EVT_start',
+			date('Y-m-d') . ' 23:59:59',
+			'Y-m-d H:i:s',
+			'UTC'
+		);
+		$where = array(
+			'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => array('BETWEEN', array($start, $end)),
+		);
+		$count = EEM_Event::instance()->count(array($where, 'caps' => 'read_admin'), 'EVT_ID', true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get total number of events this month
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_events_this_month()
+	{
+		//Dates
+		$this_year_r     = date('Y');
+		$this_month_r    = date('m');
+		$days_this_month = date('t');
+		$start           = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
+			'DTT_EVT_start',
+			$this_year_r . '-' . $this_month_r . '-01 00:00:00',
+			'Y-m-d H:i:s',
+			'UTC'
+		);
+		$end             = EEM_Datetime::instance()->convert_datetime_for_query(
+			'DTT_EVT_start',
+			$this_year_r . '-' . $this_month_r . '-' . $days_this_month . ' 23:59:59',
+			'Y-m-d H:i:s',
+			'UTC'
+		);
+		$where           = array(
+			'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => array('BETWEEN', array($start, $end)),
+		);
+		$count           = EEM_Event::instance()->count(array($where, 'caps' => 'read_admin'), 'EVT_ID', true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/** DEFAULT TICKETS STUFF **/
+
+	/**
+	 * Output default tickets list table view.
+	 */
+	public function _tickets_overview_list_table()
+	{
+		$this->_search_btn_label = esc_html__('Tickets', 'event_espresso');
+		$this->display_admin_list_table_page_with_no_sidebar();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int  $per_page
+	 * @param bool $count
+	 * @param bool $trashed
+	 * @return \EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class[]|int
+	 */
+	public function get_default_tickets($per_page = 10, $count = false, $trashed = false)
+	{
+		$orderby = empty($this->_req_data['orderby']) ? 'TKT_name' : $this->_req_data['orderby'];
+		$order   = empty($this->_req_data['order']) ? 'ASC' : $this->_req_data['order'];
+		switch ($orderby) {
+			case 'TKT_name':
+				$orderby = array('TKT_name' => $order);
+				break;
+			case 'TKT_price':
+				$orderby = array('TKT_price' => $order);
+				break;
+			case 'TKT_uses':
+				$orderby = array('TKT_uses' => $order);
+				break;
+			case 'TKT_min':
+				$orderby = array('TKT_min' => $order);
+				break;
+			case 'TKT_max':
+				$orderby = array('TKT_max' => $order);
+				break;
+			case 'TKT_qty':
+				$orderby = array('TKT_qty' => $order);
+				break;
+		}
+		$current_page = isset($this->_req_data['paged']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['paged'])
+			? $this->_req_data['paged']
+			: 1;
+		$per_page     = isset($this->_req_data['perpage']) && ! empty($this->_req_data['perpage'])
+			? $this->_req_data['perpage']
+			: $per_page;
+		$_where       = array(
+			'TKT_is_default' => 1,
+			'TKT_deleted'    => $trashed,
+		);
+		$offset       = ($current_page - 1) * $per_page;
+		$limit        = array($offset, $per_page);
+		if (isset($this->_req_data['s'])) {
+			$sstr         = '%' . $this->_req_data['s'] . '%';
+			$_where['OR'] = array(
+				'TKT_name'        => array('LIKE', $sstr),
+				'TKT_description' => array('LIKE', $sstr),
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params = array(
+			$_where,
+			'order_by' => $orderby,
+			'limit'    => $limit,
+			'group_by' => 'TKT_ID',
+		);
+		if ($count) {
+			return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count_deleted_and_undeleted(array($_where));
+		} else {
+			return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_deleted_and_undeleted($query_params);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $trash
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _trash_or_restore_ticket($trash = false)
+	{
+		$success = 1;
+		$TKT     = EEM_Ticket::instance();
+		//checkboxes?
+		if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+			//if array has more than one element then success message should be plural
+			$success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
+			//cycle thru the boxes
+			while (list($TKT_ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+				if ($trash) {
+					if (! $TKT->delete_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
+						$success = 0;
+					}
+				} else {
+					if (! $TKT->restore_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
+						$success = 0;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			//grab single id and trash
+			$TKT_ID = absint($this->_req_data['TKT_ID']);
+			if ($trash) {
+				if (! $TKT->delete_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
+					$success = 0;
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (! $TKT->restore_by_ID($TKT_ID)) {
+					$success = 0;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$action_desc = $trash ? 'moved to the trash' : 'restored';
+		$query_args  = array(
+			'action' => 'ticket_list_table',
+			'status' => $trash ? '' : 'trashed',
+		);
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Tickets', $action_desc, $query_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Handles trashing default ticket.
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_ticket()
+	{
+		$success = 1;
+		//checkboxes?
+		if (! empty($this->_req_data['checkbox']) && is_array($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+			//if array has more than one element then success message should be plural
+			$success = count($this->_req_data['checkbox']) > 1 ? 2 : 1;
+			//cycle thru the boxes
+			while (list($TKT_ID, $value) = each($this->_req_data['checkbox'])) {
+				//delete
+				if (! $this->_delete_the_ticket($TKT_ID)) {
+					$success = 0;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			//grab single id and trash
+			$TKT_ID = absint($this->_req_data['TKT_ID']);
+			if (! $this->_delete_the_ticket($TKT_ID)) {
+				$success = 0;
+			}
+		}
+		$action_desc = 'deleted';
+		$query_args  = array(
+			'action' => 'ticket_list_table',
+			'status' => 'trashed',
+		);
+		//fail safe.  If the default ticket count === 1 then we need to redirect to event overview.
+		if (EEM_Ticket::instance()->count_deleted_and_undeleted(
+			array(array('TKT_is_default' => 1)),
+			'TKT_ID',
+			true
+		)
+		) {
+			$query_args = array();
+		}
+		$this->_redirect_after_action($success, 'Tickets', $action_desc, $query_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $TKT_ID
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete_the_ticket($TKT_ID)
+	{
+		$tkt = EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_one_by_ID($TKT_ID);
+		$tkt->_remove_relations('Datetime');
+		//delete all related prices first
+		$tkt->delete_related_permanently('Price');
+		return $tkt->delete_permanently();
+	}
 }

espresso.php

Indentation +219 added lines, -219 removed lines

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 
 <?php if ( ! defined('ABSPATH')) {
-    exit('No direct script access allowed');
+	exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 /*
   Plugin Name:		Event Espresso
@@ -40,243 +40,243 @@ 
  * @since            4.0
  */
 if (function_exists('espresso_version')) {
-    /**
-     *    espresso_duplicate_plugin_error
-     *    displays if more than one version of EE is activated at the same time
-     */
-    function espresso_duplicate_plugin_error()
-    {
-        ?>
+	/**
+	 *    espresso_duplicate_plugin_error
+	 *    displays if more than one version of EE is activated at the same time
+	 */
+	function espresso_duplicate_plugin_error()
+	{
+		?>
         <div class="error">
             <p>
                 <?php echo esc_html__(
-                        'Can not run multiple versions of Event Espresso! One version has been automatically deactivated. Please verify that you have the correct version you want still active.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                ); ?>
+						'Can not run multiple versions of Event Espresso! One version has been automatically deactivated. Please verify that you have the correct version you want still active.',
+						'event_espresso'
+				); ?>
             </p>
         </div>
         <?php
-        espresso_deactivate_plugin(plugin_basename(__FILE__));
-    }
+		espresso_deactivate_plugin(plugin_basename(__FILE__));
+	}
 
-    add_action('admin_notices', 'espresso_duplicate_plugin_error', 1);
+	add_action('admin_notices', 'espresso_duplicate_plugin_error', 1);
 } else {
-    define('EE_MIN_PHP_VER_REQUIRED', '5.3.9');
-    if ( ! version_compare(PHP_VERSION, EE_MIN_PHP_VER_REQUIRED, '>=')) {
-        /**
-         * espresso_minimum_php_version_error
-         *
-         * @return void
-         */
-        function espresso_minimum_php_version_error()
-        {
-            ?>
+	define('EE_MIN_PHP_VER_REQUIRED', '5.3.9');
+	if ( ! version_compare(PHP_VERSION, EE_MIN_PHP_VER_REQUIRED, '>=')) {
+		/**
+		 * espresso_minimum_php_version_error
+		 *
+		 * @return void
+		 */
+		function espresso_minimum_php_version_error()
+		{
+			?>
             <div class="error">
                 <p>
                     <?php
-                    printf(
-                            esc_html__(
-                                    'We\'re sorry, but Event Espresso requires PHP version %1$s or greater in order to operate. You are currently running version %2$s.%3$sIn order to update your version of PHP, you will need to contact your current hosting provider.%3$sFor information on stable PHP versions, please go to %4$s.',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                            ),
-                            EE_MIN_PHP_VER_REQUIRED,
-                            PHP_VERSION,
-                            '<br/>',
-                            '<a href="http://php.net/downloads.php">http://php.net/downloads.php</a>'
-                    );
-                    ?>
+					printf(
+							esc_html__(
+									'We\'re sorry, but Event Espresso requires PHP version %1$s or greater in order to operate. You are currently running version %2$s.%3$sIn order to update your version of PHP, you will need to contact your current hosting provider.%3$sFor information on stable PHP versions, please go to %4$s.',
+									'event_espresso'
+							),
+							EE_MIN_PHP_VER_REQUIRED,
+							PHP_VERSION,
+							'<br/>',
+							'<a href="http://php.net/downloads.php">http://php.net/downloads.php</a>'
+					);
+					?>
                 </p>
             </div>
             <?php
-            espresso_deactivate_plugin(plugin_basename(__FILE__));
-        }
+			espresso_deactivate_plugin(plugin_basename(__FILE__));
+		}
 
-        add_action('admin_notices', 'espresso_minimum_php_version_error', 1);
-    } else {
-        /**
-         * espresso_version
-         * Returns the plugin version
-         *
-         * @return string
-         */
-        function espresso_version()
-        {
-            return apply_filters('FHEE__espresso__espresso_version', '4.9.45.rc.012');
-        }
+		add_action('admin_notices', 'espresso_minimum_php_version_error', 1);
+	} else {
+		/**
+		 * espresso_version
+		 * Returns the plugin version
+		 *
+		 * @return string
+		 */
+		function espresso_version()
+		{
+			return apply_filters('FHEE__espresso__espresso_version', '4.9.45.rc.012');
+		}
 
-        // define versions
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION', espresso_version());
-        define('EE_MIN_WP_VER_REQUIRED', '4.1');
-        define('EE_MIN_WP_VER_RECOMMENDED', '4.4.2');
-        define('EE_MIN_PHP_VER_RECOMMENDED', '5.4.44');
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE', __FILE__);
-        //used to be DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, but that caused issues on windows
-        if ( ! defined('DS')) {
-            define('DS', '/');
-        }
-        if ( ! defined('PS')) {
-            define('PS', PATH_SEPARATOR);
-        }
-        if ( ! defined('SP')) {
-            define('SP', ' ');
-        }
-        if ( ! defined('EENL')) {
-            define('EENL', "\n");
-        }
-        define('EE_SUPPORT_EMAIL', 'support@eventespresso.com');
-        // define the plugin directory and URL
-        define('EE_PLUGIN_BASENAME', plugin_basename(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE));
-        define('EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH', plugin_dir_path(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE));
-        define('EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL', plugin_dir_url(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE));
-        // main root folder paths
-        define('EE_ADMIN_PAGES', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'admin_pages' . DS);
-        define('EE_CORE', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'core' . DS);
-        define('EE_MODULES', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'modules' . DS);
-        define('EE_PUBLIC', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'public' . DS);
-        define('EE_SHORTCODES', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'shortcodes' . DS);
-        define('EE_WIDGETS', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'widgets' . DS);
-        define('EE_PAYMENT_METHODS', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'payment_methods' . DS);
-        define('EE_CAFF_PATH', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'caffeinated' . DS);
-        // core system paths
-        define('EE_ADMIN', EE_CORE . 'admin' . DS);
-        define('EE_CPTS', EE_CORE . 'CPTs' . DS);
-        define('EE_CLASSES', EE_CORE . 'db_classes' . DS);
-        define('EE_INTERFACES', EE_CORE . 'interfaces' . DS);
-        define('EE_BUSINESS', EE_CORE . 'business' . DS);
-        define('EE_MODELS', EE_CORE . 'db_models' . DS);
-        define('EE_HELPERS', EE_CORE . 'helpers' . DS);
-        define('EE_LIBRARIES', EE_CORE . 'libraries' . DS);
-        define('EE_TEMPLATES', EE_CORE . 'templates' . DS);
-        define('EE_THIRD_PARTY', EE_CORE . 'third_party_libs' . DS);
-        define('EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS', EE_TEMPLATES . 'global_assets' . DS);
-        define('EE_FORM_SECTIONS', EE_LIBRARIES . 'form_sections' . DS);
-        // gateways
-        define('EE_GATEWAYS', EE_MODULES . 'gateways' . DS);
-        define('EE_GATEWAYS_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'modules' . DS . 'gateways' . DS);
-        // asset URL paths
-        define('EE_TEMPLATES_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core' . DS . 'templates' . DS);
-        define('EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL', EE_TEMPLATES_URL . 'global_assets' . DS);
-        define('EE_IMAGES_URL', EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'images' . DS);
-        define('EE_THIRD_PARTY_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core' . DS . 'third_party_libs' . DS);
-        define('EE_HELPERS_ASSETS', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core/helpers/assets/');
-        define('EE_LIBRARIES_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core/libraries/');
-        // define upload paths
-        $uploads = wp_upload_dir();
-        // define the uploads directory and URL
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR', $uploads['basedir'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS);
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_URL', $uploads['baseurl'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS);
-        // define the templates directory and URL
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_TEMPLATE_DIR', $uploads['basedir'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'templates' . DS);
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_TEMPLATE_URL', $uploads['baseurl'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'templates' . DS);
-        // define the gateway directory and URL
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_GATEWAY_DIR', $uploads['basedir'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'gateways' . DS);
-        define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_GATEWAY_URL', $uploads['baseurl'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'gateways' . DS);
-        // languages folder/path
-        define('EE_LANGUAGES_SAFE_LOC', '..' . DS . 'uploads' . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'languages' . DS);
-        define('EE_LANGUAGES_SAFE_DIR', EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'languages' . DS);
-        //check for dompdf fonts in uploads
-        if (file_exists(EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'fonts' . DS)) {
-            define('DOMPDF_FONT_DIR', EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'fonts' . DS);
-        }
-        //ajax constants
-        define(
-                'EE_FRONT_AJAX',
-                isset($_REQUEST['ee_front_ajax']) || isset($_REQUEST['data']['ee_front_ajax']) ? true : false
-        );
-        define(
-                'EE_ADMIN_AJAX',
-                isset($_REQUEST['ee_admin_ajax']) || isset($_REQUEST['data']['ee_admin_ajax']) ? true : false
-        );
-        //just a handy constant occasionally needed for finding values representing infinity in the DB
-        //you're better to use this than its straight value (currently -1) in case you ever
-        //want to change its default value! or find when -1 means infinity
-        define('EE_INF_IN_DB', -1);
-        define('EE_INF', INF > (float)PHP_INT_MAX ? INF : PHP_INT_MAX);
-        define('EE_DEBUG', false);
-        // for older WP versions
-        if ( ! defined('MONTH_IN_SECONDS')) {
-            define('MONTH_IN_SECONDS', DAY_IN_SECONDS * 30);
-        }
-        /**
-         *    espresso_plugin_activation
-         *    adds a wp-option to indicate that EE has been activated via the WP admin plugins page
-         */
-        function espresso_plugin_activation()
-        {
-            update_option('ee_espresso_activation', true);
-        }
+		// define versions
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION', espresso_version());
+		define('EE_MIN_WP_VER_REQUIRED', '4.1');
+		define('EE_MIN_WP_VER_RECOMMENDED', '4.4.2');
+		define('EE_MIN_PHP_VER_RECOMMENDED', '5.4.44');
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE', __FILE__);
+		//used to be DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, but that caused issues on windows
+		if ( ! defined('DS')) {
+			define('DS', '/');
+		}
+		if ( ! defined('PS')) {
+			define('PS', PATH_SEPARATOR);
+		}
+		if ( ! defined('SP')) {
+			define('SP', ' ');
+		}
+		if ( ! defined('EENL')) {
+			define('EENL', "\n");
+		}
+		define('EE_SUPPORT_EMAIL', 'support@eventespresso.com');
+		// define the plugin directory and URL
+		define('EE_PLUGIN_BASENAME', plugin_basename(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE));
+		define('EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH', plugin_dir_path(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE));
+		define('EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL', plugin_dir_url(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE));
+		// main root folder paths
+		define('EE_ADMIN_PAGES', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'admin_pages' . DS);
+		define('EE_CORE', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'core' . DS);
+		define('EE_MODULES', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'modules' . DS);
+		define('EE_PUBLIC', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'public' . DS);
+		define('EE_SHORTCODES', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'shortcodes' . DS);
+		define('EE_WIDGETS', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'widgets' . DS);
+		define('EE_PAYMENT_METHODS', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'payment_methods' . DS);
+		define('EE_CAFF_PATH', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_PATH . 'caffeinated' . DS);
+		// core system paths
+		define('EE_ADMIN', EE_CORE . 'admin' . DS);
+		define('EE_CPTS', EE_CORE . 'CPTs' . DS);
+		define('EE_CLASSES', EE_CORE . 'db_classes' . DS);
+		define('EE_INTERFACES', EE_CORE . 'interfaces' . DS);
+		define('EE_BUSINESS', EE_CORE . 'business' . DS);
+		define('EE_MODELS', EE_CORE . 'db_models' . DS);
+		define('EE_HELPERS', EE_CORE . 'helpers' . DS);
+		define('EE_LIBRARIES', EE_CORE . 'libraries' . DS);
+		define('EE_TEMPLATES', EE_CORE . 'templates' . DS);
+		define('EE_THIRD_PARTY', EE_CORE . 'third_party_libs' . DS);
+		define('EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS', EE_TEMPLATES . 'global_assets' . DS);
+		define('EE_FORM_SECTIONS', EE_LIBRARIES . 'form_sections' . DS);
+		// gateways
+		define('EE_GATEWAYS', EE_MODULES . 'gateways' . DS);
+		define('EE_GATEWAYS_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'modules' . DS . 'gateways' . DS);
+		// asset URL paths
+		define('EE_TEMPLATES_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core' . DS . 'templates' . DS);
+		define('EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL', EE_TEMPLATES_URL . 'global_assets' . DS);
+		define('EE_IMAGES_URL', EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'images' . DS);
+		define('EE_THIRD_PARTY_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core' . DS . 'third_party_libs' . DS);
+		define('EE_HELPERS_ASSETS', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core/helpers/assets/');
+		define('EE_LIBRARIES_URL', EE_PLUGIN_DIR_URL . 'core/libraries/');
+		// define upload paths
+		$uploads = wp_upload_dir();
+		// define the uploads directory and URL
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR', $uploads['basedir'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS);
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_URL', $uploads['baseurl'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS);
+		// define the templates directory and URL
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_TEMPLATE_DIR', $uploads['basedir'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'templates' . DS);
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_TEMPLATE_URL', $uploads['baseurl'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'templates' . DS);
+		// define the gateway directory and URL
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_GATEWAY_DIR', $uploads['basedir'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'gateways' . DS);
+		define('EVENT_ESPRESSO_GATEWAY_URL', $uploads['baseurl'] . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'gateways' . DS);
+		// languages folder/path
+		define('EE_LANGUAGES_SAFE_LOC', '..' . DS . 'uploads' . DS . 'espresso' . DS . 'languages' . DS);
+		define('EE_LANGUAGES_SAFE_DIR', EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'languages' . DS);
+		//check for dompdf fonts in uploads
+		if (file_exists(EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'fonts' . DS)) {
+			define('DOMPDF_FONT_DIR', EVENT_ESPRESSO_UPLOAD_DIR . 'fonts' . DS);
+		}
+		//ajax constants
+		define(
+				'EE_FRONT_AJAX',
+				isset($_REQUEST['ee_front_ajax']) || isset($_REQUEST['data']['ee_front_ajax']) ? true : false
+		);
+		define(
+				'EE_ADMIN_AJAX',
+				isset($_REQUEST['ee_admin_ajax']) || isset($_REQUEST['data']['ee_admin_ajax']) ? true : false
+		);
+		//just a handy constant occasionally needed for finding values representing infinity in the DB
+		//you're better to use this than its straight value (currently -1) in case you ever
+		//want to change its default value! or find when -1 means infinity
+		define('EE_INF_IN_DB', -1);
+		define('EE_INF', INF > (float)PHP_INT_MAX ? INF : PHP_INT_MAX);
+		define('EE_DEBUG', false);
+		// for older WP versions
+		if ( ! defined('MONTH_IN_SECONDS')) {
+			define('MONTH_IN_SECONDS', DAY_IN_SECONDS * 30);
+		}
+		/**
+		 *    espresso_plugin_activation
+		 *    adds a wp-option to indicate that EE has been activated via the WP admin plugins page
+		 */
+		function espresso_plugin_activation()
+		{
+			update_option('ee_espresso_activation', true);
+		}
 
-        register_activation_hook(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE, 'espresso_plugin_activation');
-        /**
-         *    espresso_load_error_handling
-         *    this function loads EE's class for handling exceptions and errors
-         */
-        function espresso_load_error_handling()
-        {
-            // load debugging tools
-            if (WP_DEBUG === true && is_readable(EE_HELPERS . 'EEH_Debug_Tools.helper.php')) {
-                require_once(EE_HELPERS . 'EEH_Debug_Tools.helper.php');
-                EEH_Debug_Tools::instance();
-            }
-            // load error handling
-            if (is_readable(EE_CORE . 'EE_Error.core.php')) {
-                require_once(EE_CORE . 'EE_Error.core.php');
-            } else {
-                wp_die(esc_html__('The EE_Error core class could not be loaded.', 'event_espresso'));
-            }
-        }
+		register_activation_hook(EVENT_ESPRESSO_MAIN_FILE, 'espresso_plugin_activation');
+		/**
+		 *    espresso_load_error_handling
+		 *    this function loads EE's class for handling exceptions and errors
+		 */
+		function espresso_load_error_handling()
+		{
+			// load debugging tools
+			if (WP_DEBUG === true && is_readable(EE_HELPERS . 'EEH_Debug_Tools.helper.php')) {
+				require_once(EE_HELPERS . 'EEH_Debug_Tools.helper.php');
+				EEH_Debug_Tools::instance();
+			}
+			// load error handling
+			if (is_readable(EE_CORE . 'EE_Error.core.php')) {
+				require_once(EE_CORE . 'EE_Error.core.php');
+			} else {
+				wp_die(esc_html__('The EE_Error core class could not be loaded.', 'event_espresso'));
+			}
+		}
 
-        /**
-         *    espresso_load_required
-         *    given a class name and path, this function will load that file or throw an exception
-         *
-         * @param    string $classname
-         * @param    string $full_path_to_file
-         * @throws    EE_Error
-         */
-        function espresso_load_required($classname, $full_path_to_file)
-        {
-            static $error_handling_loaded = false;
-            if ( ! $error_handling_loaded) {
-                espresso_load_error_handling();
-                $error_handling_loaded = true;
-            }
-            if (is_readable($full_path_to_file)) {
-                require_once($full_path_to_file);
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error (
-                        sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                        'The %s class file could not be located or is not readable due to file permissions.',
-                                        'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                $classname
-                        )
-                );
-            }
-        }
+		/**
+		 *    espresso_load_required
+		 *    given a class name and path, this function will load that file or throw an exception
+		 *
+		 * @param    string $classname
+		 * @param    string $full_path_to_file
+		 * @throws    EE_Error
+		 */
+		function espresso_load_required($classname, $full_path_to_file)
+		{
+			static $error_handling_loaded = false;
+			if ( ! $error_handling_loaded) {
+				espresso_load_error_handling();
+				$error_handling_loaded = true;
+			}
+			if (is_readable($full_path_to_file)) {
+				require_once($full_path_to_file);
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error (
+						sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+										'The %s class file could not be located or is not readable due to file permissions.',
+										'event_espresso'
+								),
+								$classname
+						)
+				);
+			}
+		}
 
-        espresso_load_required('EEH_Base', EE_CORE . 'helpers' . DS . 'EEH_Base.helper.php');
-        espresso_load_required('EEH_File', EE_CORE . 'helpers' . DS . 'EEH_File.helper.php');
-        espresso_load_required('EE_Bootstrap', EE_CORE . 'EE_Bootstrap.core.php');
-        new EE_Bootstrap();
-    }
+		espresso_load_required('EEH_Base', EE_CORE . 'helpers' . DS . 'EEH_Base.helper.php');
+		espresso_load_required('EEH_File', EE_CORE . 'helpers' . DS . 'EEH_File.helper.php');
+		espresso_load_required('EE_Bootstrap', EE_CORE . 'EE_Bootstrap.core.php');
+		new EE_Bootstrap();
+	}
 }
 if ( ! function_exists('espresso_deactivate_plugin')) {
-    /**
-     *    deactivate_plugin
-     * usage:  espresso_deactivate_plugin( plugin_basename( __FILE__ ));
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $plugin_basename - the results of plugin_basename( __FILE__ ) for the plugin's main file
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    function espresso_deactivate_plugin($plugin_basename = '')
-    {
-        if ( ! function_exists('deactivate_plugins')) {
-            require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php');
-        }
-        unset($_GET['activate'], $_REQUEST['activate']);
-        deactivate_plugins($plugin_basename);
-    }
+	/**
+	 *    deactivate_plugin
+	 * usage:  espresso_deactivate_plugin( plugin_basename( __FILE__ ));
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $plugin_basename - the results of plugin_basename( __FILE__ ) for the plugin's main file
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	function espresso_deactivate_plugin($plugin_basename = '')
+	{
+		if ( ! function_exists('deactivate_plugins')) {
+			require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php');
+		}
+		unset($_GET['activate'], $_REQUEST['activate']);
+		deactivate_plugins($plugin_basename);
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file

core/db_models/EEM_Base.model.php

Indentation +5910 added lines, -5910 removed lines

@@ -32,5918 +32,5918 @@
 abstract class EEM_Base extends EE_Base implements ResettableInterface
 {
 
-    //admin posty
-    //basic -> grants access to mine -> if they don't have it, select none
-    //*_others -> grants access to others that aren't private, and all mine -> if they don't have it, select mine
-    //*_private -> grants full access -> if dont have it, select all mine and others' non-private
-    //*_published -> grants access to published -> if they dont have it, select non-published
-    //*_global/default/system -> grants access to global items -> if they don't have it, select non-global
-    //publish_{thing} -> can change status TO publish; SPECIAL CASE
-    //frontend posty
-    //by default has access to published
-    //basic -> grants access to mine that aren't published, and all published
-    //*_others ->grants access to others that aren't private, all mine
-    //*_private -> grants full access
-    //frontend non-posty
-    //like admin posty
-    //category-y
-    //assign -> grants access to join-table
-    //(delete, edit)
-    //payment-method-y
-    //for each registered payment method,
-    //ee_payment_method_{pmttype} -> if they don't have it, select all where they aren't of that type
-    /**
-     * Flag to indicate whether the values provided to EEM_Base have already been prepared
-     * by the model object or not (ie, the model object has used the field's _prepare_for_set function on the values).
-     * They almost always WILL NOT, but it's not necessarily a requirement.
-     * For example, if you want to run EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array(array('EVT_ID'=>$_GET['event_id'])));
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    private $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
-     * the data is just like form input that needs to have the model fields'
-     * prepare_for_set and prepare_for_use_in_db called on it
-     */
-    const not_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we
-     * assume this value is coming from a model object and doesn't need to have
-     * prepare_for_set called on it, just prepare_for_use_in_db is used
-     */
-    const prepared_by_model_object = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
-     * the values are already to be used in the database (ie no processing is done
-     * on them by the model's fields)
-     */
-    const prepared_for_use_in_db = 2;
-
-
-    protected $singular_item = 'Item';
-
-    protected $plural_item   = 'Items';
-
-    /**
-     * @type \EE_Table_Base[] $_tables array of EE_Table objects for defining which tables comprise this model.
-     */
-    protected $_tables;
-
-    /**
-     * with two levels: top-level has array keys which are database table aliases (ie, keys in _tables)
-     * and the value is an array. Each of those sub-arrays have keys of field names (eg 'ATT_ID', which should also be
-     * variable names on the model objects (eg, EE_Attendee), and the keys should be children of EE_Model_Field
-     *
-     * @var \EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
-     */
-    protected $_fields;
-
-    /**
-     * array of different kinds of relations
-     *
-     * @var \EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations;
-
-    /**
-     * @var \EE_Index[] $_indexes
-     */
-    protected $_indexes = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Default strategy for getting where conditions on this model. This strategy is used to get default
-     * where conditions which are added to get_all, update, and delete queries. They can be overridden
-     * by setting the same columns as used in these queries in the query yourself.
-     *
-     * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
-     */
-    protected $_default_where_conditions_strategy;
-
-    /**
-     * Strategy for getting conditions on this model when 'default_where_conditions' equals 'minimum'.
-     * This is particularly useful when you want something between 'none' and 'default'
-     *
-     * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
-     */
-    protected $_minimum_where_conditions_strategy;
-
-    /**
-     * String describing how to find the "owner" of this model's objects.
-     * When there is a foreign key on this model to the wp_users table, this isn't needed.
-     * But when there isn't, this indicates which related model, or transiently-related model,
-     * has the foreign key to the wp_users table.
-     * Eg, for EEM_Registration this would be 'Event' because registrations are directly
-     * related to events, and events have a foreign key to wp_users.
-     * On EEM_Transaction, this would be 'Transaction.Event'
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
-
-    /**
-     * This is a flag typically set by updates so that we don't load the where strategy on updates because updates
-     * don't need it (particularly CPT models)
-     *
-     * @var bool
-     */
-    protected $_ignore_where_strategy = false;
-
-    /**
-     * String used in caps relating to this model. Eg, if the caps relating to this
-     * model are 'ee_edit_events', 'ee_read_events', etc, it would be 'events'.
-     *
-     * @var string. If null it hasn't been initialized yet. If false then we
-     * have indicated capabilities don't apply to this
-     */
-    protected $_caps_slug = null;
-
-    /**
-     * 2d array where top-level keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(),
-     * and next-level keys are capability names, and each's value is a
-     * EE_Default_Where_Condition. If the requester requests to apply caps to the query,
-     * they specify which context to use (ie, frontend, backend, edit or delete)
-     * and then each capability in the corresponding sub-array that they're missing
-     * adds the where conditions onto the query.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cap_restrictions = array(
-        self::caps_read       => array(),
-        self::caps_read_admin => array(),
-        self::caps_edit       => array(),
-        self::caps_delete     => array(),
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Array defining which cap restriction generators to use to create default
-     * cap restrictions to put in EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions.
-     * Array-keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are a child of
-     * EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. If you don't want any cap restrictions generated
-     * automatically set this to false (not just null).
-     *
-     * @var EE_Restriction_Generator_Base[]
-     */
-    protected $_cap_restriction_generators = array();
-
-    /**
-     * constants used to categorize capability restrictions on EEM_Base::_caps_restrictions
-     */
-    const caps_read       = 'read';
-
-    const caps_read_admin = 'read_admin';
-
-    const caps_edit       = 'edit';
-
-    const caps_delete     = 'delete';
-
-    /**
-     * Keys are all the cap contexts (ie constants EEM_Base::_caps_*) and values are their 'action'
-     * as how they'd be used in capability names. Eg EEM_Base::caps_read ('read_frontend')
-     * maps to 'read' because when looking for relevant permissions we're going to use
-     * 'read' in teh capabilities names like 'ee_read_events' etc.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map = array(
-        self::caps_read       => 'read',
-        self::caps_read_admin => 'read',
-        self::caps_edit       => 'edit',
-        self::caps_delete     => 'delete',
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set via the constructor so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in when there
-     * are EE_Datetime_Fields in use.  This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming
-     * out of the created objects.  NOT all EEM_Base child classes use this property but any that use a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field data type will have access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-
-    /**
-     * This holds the id of the blog currently making the query.  Has no bearing on single site but is used for
-     * multisite.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected static $_model_query_blog_id;
-
-    /**
-     * A copy of _fields, except the array keys are the model names pointed to by
-     * the field
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    private $_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Cached list of all the fields on the model, indexed by their name
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    private $_cached_fields = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Cached list of all the fields on the model, except those that are
-     * marked as only pertinent to the database
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    private $_cached_fields_non_db_only = null;
-
-    /**
-     * A cached reference to the primary key for quick lookup
-     *
-     * @var EE_Model_Field_Base
-     */
-    private $_primary_key_field = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Flag indicating whether this model has a primary key or not
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_has_primary_key_field = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Whether or not this model is based off a table in WP core only (CPTs should set
-     * this to FALSE, but if we were to make an EE_WP_Post model, it should set this to true).
-     *
-     * @var boolean
-     */
-    protected $_wp_core_model = false;
-
-    /**
-     *    List of valid operators that can be used for querying.
-     * The keys are all operators we'll accept, the values are the real SQL
-     * operators used
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_valid_operators = array(
-        '='           => '=',
-        '<='          => '<=',
-        '<'           => '<',
-        '>='          => '>=',
-        '>'           => '>',
-        '!='          => '!=',
-        'LIKE'        => 'LIKE',
-        'like'        => 'LIKE',
-        'NOT_LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'not_like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'NOT LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'not like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
-        'IN'          => 'IN',
-        'in'          => 'IN',
-        'NOT_IN'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'not_in'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'NOT IN'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'not in'      => 'NOT IN',
-        'between'     => 'BETWEEN',
-        'BETWEEN'     => 'BETWEEN',
-        'IS_NOT_NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'is_not_null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'IS NOT NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'is not null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
-        'IS_NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'is_null'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'IS NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'is null'     => 'IS NULL',
-        'REGEXP'      => 'REGEXP',
-        'regexp'      => 'REGEXP',
-        'NOT_REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-        'not_regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-        'NOT REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-        'not regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * operators that work like 'IN', accepting a comma-separated list of values inside brackets. Eg '(1,2,3)'
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_in_style_operators = array('IN', 'NOT IN');
-
-    /**
-     * operators that work like 'BETWEEN'.  Typically used for datetime calculations, i.e. "BETWEEN '12-1-2011' AND
-     * '12-31-2012'"
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_between_style_operators = array('BETWEEN');
-
-    /**
-     * operators that are used for handling NUll and !NULL queries.  Typically used for when checking if a row exists
-     * on a join table.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_null_style_operators = array('IS NOT NULL', 'IS NULL');
-
-    /**
-     * Allowed values for $query_params['order'] for ordering in queries
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_allowed_order_values = array('asc', 'desc', 'ASC', 'DESC');
-
-    /**
-     * When these are keys in a WHERE or HAVING clause, they are handled much differently
-     * than regular field names. It is assumed that their values are an array of WHERE conditions
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private $_logic_query_param_keys = array('not', 'and', 'or', 'NOT', 'AND', 'OR');
-
-    /**
-     * Allowed keys in $query_params arrays passed into queries. Note that 0 is meant to always be a
-     * 'where', but 'where' clauses are so common that we thought we'd omit it
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private $_allowed_query_params = array(
-        0,
-        'limit',
-        'order_by',
-        'group_by',
-        'having',
-        'force_join',
-        'order',
-        'on_join_limit',
-        'default_where_conditions',
-        'caps',
-    );
-
-    /**
-     * All the data types that can be used in $wpdb->prepare statements.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    private $_valid_wpdb_data_types = array('%d', '%s', '%f');
-
-    /**
-     *    EE_Registry Object
-     *
-     * @var    object
-     * @access    protected
-     */
-    protected $EE = null;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Property which, when set, will have this model echo out the next X queries to the page for debugging.
-     *
-     * @var int
-     */
-    protected $_show_next_x_db_queries = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * When using _get_all_wpdb_results, you can specify a custom selection. If you do so,
-     * it gets saved on this property so those selections can be used in WHERE, GROUP_BY, etc.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_custom_selections = array();
-
-    /**
-     * key => value Entity Map using  array( EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id => array( ID => model object ) )
-     * caches every model object we've fetched from the DB on this request
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_entity_map;
-
-    /**
-     * constant used to show EEM_Base has not yet verified the db on this http request
-     */
-    const db_verified_none = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the EE core db on this http request,
-     * but not the addons' dbs
-     */
-    const db_verified_core = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the addons' dbs (and implicitly
-     * the EE core db too)
-     */
-    const db_verified_addons = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * indicates whether an EEM_Base child has already re-verified the DB
-     * is ok (we don't want to do it repetitively). Should be set to one the constants
-     * looking like EEM_Base::db_verified_*
-     *
-     * @var int - 0 = none, 1 = core, 2 = addons
-     */
-    protected static $_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_none;
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to ALL queried models
-     *        (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will only return non-trashed
-     *        registrations for non-trashed tickets for non-trashed datetimes)
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_all = 'all';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to THIS model only, but
-     *        no other models which are joined to (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
-     *        return non-trashed registrations, regardless of the related datetimes and tickets' statuses).
-     *        It is preferred to use EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others because, when joining to
-     *        models which share tables with other models, this can return data for the wrong model.
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_this_only = 'this_model_only';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to other models queried,
-     *        but not the current model (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
-     *        return all registrations related to non-trashed tickets and non-trashed datetimes)
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_others_only = 'other_models_only';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply minimum where conditions to all models queried.
-     *        For most models this the same as EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none, except for models which share
-     *        their table with other models, like the Event and Venue models. For example, when querying for events
-     *        ordered by their venues' name, this will be sure to only return real events with associated real venues
-     *        (regardless of whether those events and venues are trashed)
-     *        In contrast, using EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none would could return WP posts other than EE
-     *        events.
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_minimum_all = 'minimum';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply apply where conditions to other models, and full default
-     *        where conditions for the queried model (eg, when querying events ordered by venues' names, this will
-     *        return non-trashed events for any venues, regardless of whether those associated venues are trashed or
-     *        not)
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_minimum_others = 'full_this_minimum_others';
-
-    /**
-     * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to NOT apply any where conditions. This should very rarely be
-     *        used, because when querying from a model which shares its table with another model (eg Events and Venues)
-     *        it's possible it will return table entries for other models. You should use
-     *        EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all instead.
-     */
-    const default_where_conditions_none = 'none';
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * About all child constructors:
-     * they should define the _tables, _fields and _model_relations arrays.
-     * Should ALWAYS be called after child constructor.
-     * In order to make the child constructors to be as simple as possible, this parent constructor
-     * finalizes constructing all the object's attributes.
-     * Generally, rather than requiring a child to code
-     * $this->_tables = array(
-     *        'Event_Post_Table' => new EE_Table('Event_Post_Table','wp_posts')
-     *        ...);
-     *  (thus repeating itself in the array key and in the constructor of the new EE_Table,)
-     * each EE_Table has a function to set the table's alias after the constructor, using
-     * the array key ('Event_Post_Table'), instead of repeating it. The model fields and model relations
-     * do something similar.
-     *
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function __construct($timezone = null)
-    {
-        // check that the model has not been loaded too soon
-        if (! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
-            throw new EE_Error (
-                sprintf(
-                    __('The %1$s model can not be loaded before the "AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons" hook has been called. This gives other addons a chance to extend this model.',
-                        'event_espresso'),
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        /**
-         * Set blogid for models to current blog. However we ONLY do this if $_model_query_blog_id is not already set.
-         */
-        if (empty(EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id)) {
-            EEM_Base::set_model_query_blog_id();
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filters the list of tables on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead
-         * just use EE_Register_Model_Extension
-         *
-         * @var EE_Table_Base[] $_tables
-         */
-        $this->_tables = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
-            /** @var $table_obj EE_Table_Base */
-            $table_obj->_construct_finalize_with_alias($table_alias);
-            if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                /** @var $table_obj EE_Secondary_Table */
-                $table_obj->_construct_finalize_set_table_to_join_with($this->_get_main_table());
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filters the list of fields on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
-         * EE_Register_Model_Extension
-         *
-         * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
-         */
-        $this->_fields = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
-        $this->_invalidate_field_caches();
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $table_alias => $fields_for_table) {
-            if (! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Table alias %s does not exist in EEM_Base child's _tables array. Only tables defined are %s",
-                    'event_espresso'), $table_alias, implode(",", $this->_fields)));
-            }
-            foreach ($fields_for_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base | EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base */
-                //primary key field base has a slightly different _construct_finalize
-                /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                $field_obj->_construct_finalize($table_alias, $field_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
-            }
-        }
-        // everything is related to Extra_Meta
-        if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Extra_Meta') {
-            //make extra meta related to everything, but don't block deleting things just
-            //because they have related extra meta info. For now just orphan those extra meta
-            //in the future we should automatically delete them
-            $this->_model_relations['Extra_Meta'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
-        }
-        //and change logs
-        if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Change_Log') {
-            $this->_model_relations['Change_Log'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
-        }
-        /**
-         * Filters the list of relations on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
-         * EE_Register_Model_Extension
-         *
-         * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
-         */
-        $this->_model_relations = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__model_relations',
-            $this->_model_relations);
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            /** @var $relation_obj EE_Model_Relation_Base */
-            $relation_obj->_construct_finalize_set_models($this->get_this_model_name(), $model_name);
-        }
-        foreach ($this->_indexes as $index_name => $index_obj) {
-            /** @var $index_obj EE_Index */
-            $index_obj->_construct_finalize($index_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
-        }
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        //finalize default where condition strategy, or set default
-        if (! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
-            //nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
-            $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
-        }
-        $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
-        if (! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
-            //nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
-            $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
-        }
-        $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
-        //if the cap slug hasn't been set, and we haven't set it to false on purpose
-        //to indicate to NOT set it, set it to the logical default
-        if ($this->_caps_slug === null) {
-            $this->_caps_slug = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($this->get_this_model_name());
-        }
-        //initialize the standard cap restriction generators if none were specified by the child constructor
-        if ($this->_cap_restriction_generators !== false) {
-            foreach ($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() as $cap_context => $action) {
-                if (! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context])) {
-                    $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context] = apply_filters(
-                        'FHEE__EEM_Base___construct__standard_cap_restriction_generator',
-                        new EE_Restriction_Generator_Protected(),
-                        $cap_context,
-                        $this
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //if there are cap restriction generators, use them to make the default cap restrictions
-        if ($this->_cap_restriction_generators !== false) {
-            foreach ($this->_cap_restriction_generators as $context => $generator_object) {
-                if (! $generator_object) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            __('Index "%1$s" in the model %2$s\'s _cap_restriction_generators is not a child of EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. It should be that or NULL.',
-                                'event_espresso'),
-                            $context,
-                            $this->get_this_model_name()
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $action = $this->cap_action_for_context($context);
-                if (! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
-                    $generator_object->_construct_finalize($this, $action);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__end');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generates the cap restrictions for the given context, or if they were
-     * already generated just gets what's cached
-     *
-     * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts()
-     * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[]
-     */
-    protected function _generate_cap_restrictions($context)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context])
-            && $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]
-               instanceof
-               EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
-        ) {
-            return $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->generate_restrictions();
-        } else {
-            return array();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to set the $_model_query_blog_id static property.
-     *
-     * @param int $blog_id  If provided then will set the blog_id for the models to this id.  If not provided then the
-     *                      value for get_current_blog_id() will be used.
-     */
-    public static function set_model_query_blog_id($blog_id = 0)
-    {
-        EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id = $blog_id > 0 ? (int)$blog_id : get_current_blog_id();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whatever is set as the internal $model_query_blog_id.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public static function get_model_query_blog_id()
-    {
-        return EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This function is a singleton method used to instantiate the Espresso_model object
-     *
-     * @param string            $timezone string representing the timezone we want to set for returned Date Time Strings
-     *                                    (and any incoming timezone data that gets saved).
-     *                                    Note this just sends the timezone info to the date time model field objects.
-     *                                    Default is NULL
-     *                                    (and will be assumed using the set timezone in the 'timezone_string' wp option)
-     * @param ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory
-     * @return static (as in the concrete child class)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function instance($timezone = null, ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory = null)
-    {
-        // check if instance of Espresso_model already exists
-        if (! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
-            $model_field_factory = self::getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory);
-            // instantiate Espresso_model
-            static::$_instance = new static($timezone, $model_field_factory);
-        }
-        //we might have a timezone set, let set_timezone decide what to do with it
-        static::$_instance->set_timezone($timezone);
-        // Espresso_model object
-        return static::$_instance;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $model_field_factory
-     * @return ModelFieldFactory
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    private static function getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory)
-    {
-        return $model_field_factory instanceof ModelFieldFactory
-            ? $model_field_factory
-            : LoaderFactory::getLoader()->load('EventEspresso\core\services\database\ModelFieldFactory');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * resets the model and returns it
-     *
-     * @param null | string          $timezone
-     * @param ModelFieldFactory|null $model_field_factory
-     * @return EEM_Base|null (if the model was already instantiated, returns it, with
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * all its properties reset; if it wasn't instantiated, returns null)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public static function reset($timezone = null, ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory = null)
-    {
-        if (static::$_instance instanceof EEM_Base) {
-            //let's try to NOT swap out the current instance for a new one
-            //because if someone has a reference to it, we can't remove their reference
-            //so it's best to keep using the same reference, but change the original object
-            //reset all its properties to their original values as defined in the class
-            $r = new ReflectionClass(get_class(static::$_instance));
-            $static_properties = $r->getStaticProperties();
-            foreach ($r->getDefaultProperties() as $property => $value) {
-                //don't set instance to null like it was originally,
-                //but it's static anyways, and we're ignoring static properties (for now at least)
-                if (! isset($static_properties[$property])) {
-                    static::$_instance->{$property} = $value;
-                }
-            }
-            //and then directly call its constructor again, like we would if we were creating a new one
-            $model_field_factory = self::getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory);
-            static::$_instance->__construct($timezone, $model_field_factory);
-            return self::instance();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * retrieve the status details from esp_status table as an array IF this model has the status table as a relation.
-     *
-     * @param  boolean $translated return localized strings or JUST the array.
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status_array($translated = false)
-    {
-        if (! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        $model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
-        $status_type = str_replace(' ', '_', strtolower(str_replace('_', ' ', $model_name)));
-        $stati = EEM_Status::instance()->get_all(array(array('STS_type' => $status_type)));
-        $status_array = array();
-        foreach ($stati as $status) {
-            $status_array[$status->ID()] = $status->get('STS_code');
-        }
-        return $translated
-            ? EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status($status_array, false, 'sentence')
-            : $status_array;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the EE_Base_Class objects which match the $query_params, by querying the DB.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params             {
-     * @var array $0 (where) array {
-     *                                        eg: array('QST_display_text'=>'Are you bob?','QST_admin_text'=>'Determine
-     *                                        if user is bob') becomes SQL >> "...WHERE QST_display_text = 'Are you
-     *                                        bob?' AND QST_admin_text = 'Determine if user is bob'...") To add WHERE
-     *                                        conditions based on related models (and even
-     *                                        models-related-to-related-models) prepend the model's name onto the field
-     *                                        name. Eg,
-     *                                        EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array(array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>12))); becomes
-     *                                        SQL >> "SELECT * FROM wp_posts AS Event_CPT LEFT JOIN wp_esp_event_meta
-     *                                        AS Event_Meta ON Event_CPT.ID = Event_Meta.EVT_ID LEFT JOIN
-     *                                        wp_esp_event_venue AS Event_Venue ON Event_Venue.EVT_ID=Event_CPT.ID LEFT
-     *                                        JOIN wp_posts AS Venue_CPT ON Venue_CPT.ID=Event_Venue.VNU_ID LEFT JOIN
-     *                                        wp_esp_venue_meta AS Venue_Meta ON Venue_CPT.ID = Venue_Meta.VNU_ID WHERE
-     *                                        Venue_CPT.ID = 12 Notice that automatically took care of joining Events
-     *                                        to Venues (even when each of those models actually consisted of two
-     *                                        tables). Also, you may chain the model relations together. Eg instead of
-     *                                        just having
-     *                                        "Venue.VNU_ID", you could have
-     *                                        "Registration.Attendee.ATT_ID" as a field on a query for events (because
-     *                                        events are related to Registrations, which are related to Attendees). You
-     *                                        can take it even further with
-     *                                        "Registration.Transaction.Payment.PAY_amount" etc. To change the operator
-     *                                        (from the default of '='), change the value to an numerically-indexed
-     *                                        array, where the first item in the list is the operator. eg: array(
-     *                                        'QST_display_text' => array('LIKE','%bob%'), 'QST_ID' => array('<',34),
-     *                                        'QST_wp_user' => array('in',array(1,2,7,23))) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE
-     *                                        QST_display_text LIKE '%bob%' AND QST_ID < 34 AND QST_wp_user IN
-     *                                        (1,2,7,23)...". Valid operators so far: =, !=, <, <=, >, >=, LIKE, NOT
-     *                                        LIKE, IN (followed by numeric-indexed array), NOT IN (dido), BETWEEN
-     *                                        (followed by an array with exactly 2 date strings), IS NULL, and IS NOT
-     *                                        NULL Values can be a string, int, or float. They can also be arrays IFF
-     *                                        the operator is IN. Also, values can actually be field names. To indicate
-     *                                        the value is a field, simply provide a third array item (true) to the
-     *                                        operator-value array like so: eg: array( 'DTT_reg_limit' => array('>',
-     *                                        'DTT_sold', TRUE) ) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE DTT_reg_limit > DTT_sold"
-     *                                        Note: you can also use related model field names like you would any other
-     *                                        field name. eg:
-     *                                        array('Datetime.DTT_reg_limit'=>array('=','Datetime.DTT_sold',TRUE) could
-     *                                        be used if you were querying EEM_Tickets (because Datetime is directly related to tickets) Also, by default all the where conditions are AND'd together. To override this, add an array key 'OR' (or 'AND') and the array to be OR'd together eg: array('OR'=>array('TXN_ID' => 23 , 'TXN_timestamp__>' =>
-     *                                        345678912)) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE TXN_ID = 23 OR TXN_timestamp =
-     *                                        345678912...". Also, to negate an entire set of conditions, use 'NOT' as
-     *                                        an array key. eg: array('NOT'=>array('TXN_total' =>
-     *                                        50, 'TXN_paid'=>23) becomes SQL >> "...where ! (TXN_total =50 AND
-     *                                        TXN_paid =23) Note: the 'glue' used to join each condition will continue
-     *                                        to be what you last specified. IE, "AND"s by default, but if you had
-     *                                        previously specified to use ORs to join, ORs will continue to be used.
-     *                                        So, if you specify to use an "OR" to join conditions, it will continue to
-     *                                        "stick" until you specify an AND. eg
-     *                                        array('OR'=>array('NOT'=>array('TXN_total' => 50,
-     *                                        'TXN_paid'=>23)),AND=>array('TXN_ID'=>1,'STS_ID'=>'TIN') becomes SQL >>
-     *                                        "...where ! (TXN_total =50 OR TXN_paid =23) AND TXN_ID=1 AND
-     *                                        STS_ID='TIN'" They can be nested indefinitely. eg:
-     *                                        array('OR'=>array('TXN_total' => 23, 'NOT'=> array( 'TXN_timestamp'=> 345678912, 'AND'=>array('TXN_paid' => 53, 'STS_ID' => 'TIN')))) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE TXN_total = 23 OR ! (TXN_timestamp = 345678912 OR (TXN_paid = 53 AND STS_ID = 'TIN'))..." GOTCHA: because this is an array, array keys must be unique, making it impossible to place two or more where conditions applying to the same field. eg: array('PAY_timestamp'=>array('>',$start_date),'PAY_timestamp'=>array('<',$end_date),'PAY_timestamp'=>array('!=',$special_date)), as PHP enforces that the array keys must be unique, thus removing the first two array entries with key 'PAY_timestamp'. becomes SQL >> "PAY_timestamp !=  4234232", ignoring the first two PAY_timestamp conditions). To overcome this, you can add a '*' character to the end of the field's name, followed by anything. These will be removed when generating the SQL string, but allow for the array keys to be unique. eg: you could rewrite the previous query as: array('PAY_timestamp'=>array('>',$start_date),'PAY_timestamp*1st'=>array('<',$end_date),'PAY_timestamp*2nd'=>array('!=',$special_date)) which correctly becomes SQL >>
-     *                                        "PAY_timestamp > 123412341 AND PAY_timestamp < 2354235235234 AND
-     *                                        PAY_timestamp != 1241234123" This can be applied to condition operators
-     *                                        too, eg:
-     *                                        array('OR'=>array('REG_ID'=>3,'Transaction.TXN_ID'=>23),'OR*whatever'=>array('Attendee.ATT_fname'=>'bob','Attendee.ATT_lname'=>'wilson')));
-     * @var mixed   $limit                    int|array    adds a limit to the query just like the SQL limit clause, so
-     *                                        limits of "23", "25,50", and array(23,42) are all valid would become SQL
-     *                                        "...LIMIT 23", "...LIMIT 25,50", and "...LIMIT 23,42" respectively.
-     *                                        Remember when you provide two numbers for the limit, the 1st number is
-     *                                        the OFFSET, the 2nd is the LIMIT
-     * @var array   $on_join_limit            allows the setting of a special select join with a internal limit so you
-     *                                        can do paging on one-to-many multi-table-joins. Send an array in the
-     *                                        following format array('on_join_limit'
-     *                                        => array( 'table_alias', array(1,2) ) ).
-     * @var mixed   $order_by                 name of a column to order by, or an array where keys are field names and
-     *                                        values are either 'ASC' or 'DESC'.
-     *                                        'limit'=>array('STS_ID'=>'ASC','REG_date'=>'DESC'), which would becomes
-     *                                        SQL "...ORDER BY TXN_timestamp..." and "...ORDER BY STS_ID ASC, REG_date
-     *                                        DESC..." respectively. Like the
-     *                                        'where' conditions, these fields can be on related models. Eg
-     *                                        'order_by'=>array('Registration.Transaction.TXN_amount'=>'ASC') is
-     *                                        perfectly valid from any model related to 'Registration' (like Event,
-     *                                        Attendee, Price, Datetime, etc.)
-     * @var string  $order                    If 'order_by' is used and its value is a string (NOT an array), then
-     *                                        'order' specifies whether to order the field specified in 'order_by' in
-     *                                        ascending or descending order. Acceptable values are 'ASC' or 'DESC'. If,
-     *                                        'order_by' isn't used, but 'order' is, then it is assumed you want to
-     *                                        order by the primary key. Eg,
-     *                                        EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array('order_by'=>'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start','order'=>'ASC');
-     *                                        //(will join with the Datetime model's table(s) and order by its field
-     *                                        DTT_EVT_start) or
-     *                                        EEM_Registration::instance()->get_all(array('order'=>'ASC'));//will make
-     *                                        SQL "SELECT * FROM wp_esp_registration ORDER BY REG_ID ASC"
-     * @var mixed   $group_by                 name of field to order by, or an array of fields. Eg either
-     *                                        'group_by'=>'VNU_ID', or
-     *                                        'group_by'=>array('EVT_name','Registration.Transaction.TXN_total') Note:
-     *                                        if no
-     *                                        $group_by is specified, and a limit is set, automatically groups by the
-     *                                        model's primary key (or combined primary keys). This avoids some
-     *                                        weirdness that results when using limits, tons of joins, and no group by,
-     *                                        see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/9389
-     * @var array   $having                   exactly like WHERE parameters array, except these conditions apply to the
-     *                                        grouped results (whereas WHERE conditions apply to the pre-grouped
-     *                                        results)
-     * @var array   $force_join               forces a join with the models named. Should be a numerically-indexed
-     *                                        array where values are models to be joined in the query.Eg
-     *                                        array('Attendee','Payment','Datetime'). You may join with transient
-     *                                        models using period, eg "Registration.Transaction.Payment". You will
-     *                                        probably only want to do this in hopes of increasing efficiency, as
-     *                                        related models which belongs to the current model
-     *                                        (ie, the current model has a foreign key to them, like how Registration
-     *                                        belongs to Attendee) can be cached in order to avoid future queries
-     * @var string  $default_where_conditions can be set to 'none', 'this_model_only', 'other_models_only', or 'all'.
-     *                                        set this to 'none' to disable all default where conditions. Eg, usually
-     *                                        soft-deleted objects are filtered-out if you want to include them, set
-     *                                        this query param to 'none'. If you want to ONLY disable THIS model's
-     *                                        default where conditions set it to 'other_models_only'. If you only want
-     *                                        this model's default where conditions added to the query, use
-     *                                        'this_model_only'. If you want to use all default where conditions
-     *                                        (default), set to 'all'.
-     * @var string  $caps                     controls what capability requirements to apply to the query; ie, should
-     *                                        we just NOT apply any capabilities/permissions/restrictions and return
-     *                                        everything? Or should we only show the current user items they should be
-     *                                        able to view on the frontend, backend, edit, or delete? can be set to
-     *                                        'none' (default), 'read_frontend', 'read_backend', 'edit' or 'delete'
-     *                                        }
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]  *note that there is NO option to pass the output type. If you want results different
-     *                                        from EE_Base_Class[], use _get_all_wpdb_results()and make it public
-     *                                        again. Array keys are object IDs (if there is a primary key on the model.
-     *                                        if not, numerically indexed) Some full examples: get 10 transactions
-     *                                        which have Scottish attendees: EEM_Transaction::instance()->get_all(
-     *                                        array( array(
-     *                                        'OR'=>array(
-     *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname'=>array('like','Mc%'),
-     *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname*other'=>array('like','Mac%')
-     *                                        )
-     *                                        ),
-     *                                        'limit'=>10,
-     *                                        'group_by'=>'TXN_ID'
-     *                                        ));
-     *                                        get all the answers to the question titled "shirt size" for event with id
-     *                                        12, ordered by their answer EEM_Answer::instance()->get_all(array( array(
-     *                                        'Question.QST_display_text'=>'shirt size',
-     *                                        'Registration.Event.EVT_ID'=>12
-     *                                        ),
-     *                                        'order_by'=>array('ANS_value'=>'ASC')
-     *                                        ));
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all($query_params = array())
-    {
-        if (isset($query_params['limit'])
-            && ! isset($query_params['group_by'])
-        ) {
-            $query_params['group_by'] = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-        }
-        return $this->_create_objects($this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A, null));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Modifies the query parameters so we only get back model objects
-     * that "belong" to the current user
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all
-     */
-    public function alter_query_params_to_only_include_mine($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $wp_user_field_name = $this->wp_user_field_name();
-        if ($wp_user_field_name) {
-            $query_params[0][$wp_user_field_name] = get_current_user_id();
-        }
-        return $query_params;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the name of the field's name that points to the WP_User table
-     *  on this model (or follows the _model_chain_to_wp_user and uses that model's
-     * foreign key to the WP_User table)
-     *
-     * @return string|boolean string on success, boolean false when there is no
-     * foreign key to the WP_User table
-     */
-    public function wp_user_field_name()
-    {
-        try {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
-                $models_to_follow_to_wp_users = explode('.', $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user);
-                $last_model_name = end($models_to_follow_to_wp_users);
-                $model_with_fk_to_wp_users = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_name);
-                $model_chain_to_wp_user = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user . '.';
-            } else {
-                $model_with_fk_to_wp_users = $this;
-                $model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
-            }
-            $wp_user_field = $model_with_fk_to_wp_users->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
-            return $model_chain_to_wp_user . $wp_user_field->get_name();
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the _model_chain_to_wp_user string, which indicates which related model
-     * (or transiently-related model) has a foreign key to the wp_users table;
-     * useful for finding if model objects of this type are 'owned' by the current user.
-     * This is an empty string when the foreign key is on this model and when it isn't,
-     * but is only non-empty when this model's ownership is indicated by a RELATED model
-     * (or transiently-related model)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function model_chain_to_wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Whether this model is 'owned' by a specific wordpress user (even indirectly,
-     * like how registrations don't have a foreign key to wp_users, but the
-     * events they are for are), or is unrelated to wp users.
-     * generally available
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_owned()
-    {
-        if ($this->model_chain_to_wp_user()) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        try {
-            $this->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
-            return true;
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used internally to get WPDB results, because other functions, besides get_all, may want to do some queries, but
-     * may want to preserve the WPDB results (eg, update, which first queries to make sure we have all the tables on
-     * the model)
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params      like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
-     * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
-     * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
-     *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
-     *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
-     *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
-     *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
-     *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
-     *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
-     *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
-     * @return array | stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = array(), $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        // remember the custom selections, if any, and type cast as array
-        // (unless $columns_to_select is an object, then just set as an empty array)
-        // Note: (array) 'some string' === array( 'some string' )
-        $this->_custom_selections = ! is_object($columns_to_select) ? (array)$columns_to_select : array();
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        $select_expressions = $columns_to_select !== null
-            ? $this->_construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
-            : $this->_construct_default_select_sql($model_query_info);
-        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_results', array($SQL, $output));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array of rows from the database just like $wpdb->get_results would,
-     * but you can use the $query_params like on EEM_Base::get_all() to more easily
-     * take care of joins, field preparation etc.
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params      like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
-     * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
-     * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
-     *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
-     *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
-     *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
-     *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
-     *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
-     *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
-     *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
-     * @return array|stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = array(), $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, $output, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * For creating a custom select statement
-     *
-     * @param mixed $columns_to_select either a string to be inserted directly as the select statement,
-     *                                 or an array where keys are aliases, and values are arrays where 0=>the selection
-     *                                 SQL, and 1=>is the datatype
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
-    {
-        if (is_array($columns_to_select)) {
-            $select_sql_array = array();
-            foreach ($columns_to_select as $alias => $selection_and_datatype) {
-                if (! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            __(
-                                "Custom selection %s (alias %s) needs to be an array like array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%%d')",
-                                "event_espresso"
-                            ),
-                            $selection_and_datatype,
-                            $alias
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                if (! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            __(
-                                "Datatype %s (for selection '%s' and alias '%s') is not a valid wpdb datatype (eg %%s)",
-                                "event_espresso"
-                            ),
-                            $selection_and_datatype[1],
-                            $selection_and_datatype[0],
-                            $alias,
-                            implode(",", $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $select_sql_array[] = "{$selection_and_datatype[0]} AS $alias";
-            }
-            $columns_to_select_string = implode(", ", $select_sql_array);
-        } else {
-            $columns_to_select_string = $columns_to_select;
-        }
-        return $columns_to_select_string;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Convenient wrapper for getting the primary key field's name. Eg, on Registration, this would be 'REG_ID'
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function primary_key_name()
-    {
-        return $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given only its ID (or null if none is found).
-     * If there is no primary key on this model, $id is treated as primary key string
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id int or string, depending on the type of the model's primary key
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_by_ID($id)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_from_entity_map($id)) {
-            return $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return $this->get_one(
-            $this->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                $id,
-                array('default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Alters query parameters to only get items with this ID are returned.
-     * Takes into account that the ID might be a string produced by EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string(),
-     * or could just be a simple primary key ID
-     *
-     * @param int   $id
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return array of normal query params, @see EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID($id, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if (! isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $query_params[0] = array();
-        }
-        $conditions_from_id = $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id);
-        if ($conditions_from_id === null) {
-            $query_params[0][$this->primary_key_name()] = $id;
-        } else {
-            //no primary key, so the $id must be from the get_index_primary_key_string()
-            $query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive($query_params[0], $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id));
-        }
-        return $query_params;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given the $query_params. Only returns a single class, not an
-     * array. If no item is found, null is returned.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base's $query_params variable.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class|NULL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_one($query_params = array())
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::get_one',
-                sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
-            $query_params = array();
-        }
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $items = $this->get_all($query_params);
-        if (empty($items)) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        return array_shift($items);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of items in sequence from the given value as
-     * found in the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
-     *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
-     *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
-     *                                      columns you want returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        return $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '>',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            $limit,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of items in sequence from the given value
-     * as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
-     *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
-     *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
-     *                                      columns you want returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        return $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '<',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            $limit,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next item in sequence from the given value as found in the
-     * database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
-     *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
-     *                                      can indicate just the columns you
-     *                                      want and a single array indexed by
-     *                                      the columns will be returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $results = $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '>',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            1,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-        return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous item in sequence from the given value as found in
-     * the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
-     *                                      reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
-     *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
-     *                                      can indicate just the columns you
-     *                                      want and a single array indexed by
-     *                                      the columns will be returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $results = $this->_get_consecutive(
-            $current_field_value,
-            '<',
-            $field_to_order_by,
-            1,
-            $query_params,
-            $columns_to_select
-        );
-        return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the a consecutive number of items in sequence from the given
-     * value as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $current_field_value   Value used for the reference point.
-     * @param string $operand               What operand is used for the sequence.
-     * @param string $field_to_order_by     What field is used for the reference point.
-     * @param int    $limit                 How many to return.
-     * @param array  $query_params          Extra conditions on the query.
-     * @param null   $columns_to_select     If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
-     *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the columns you want returned.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_consecutive(
-        $current_field_value,
-        $operand = '>',
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        //if $field_to_order_by is empty then let's assume we're ordering by the primary key.
-        if (empty($field_to_order_by)) {
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $field_to_order_by = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-            } else {
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(__('EEM_Base::_get_consecutive() has been called with no $field_to_order_by argument and there is no primary key on the field.  Please provide the field you would like to use as the base for retrieving the next item(s).',
-                        'event_espresso'));
-                }
-                EE_Error::add_error(__('There was an error with the query.', 'event_espresso'));
-                return array();
-            }
-        }
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::_get_consecutive',
-                sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
-            $query_params = array();
-        }
-        //let's add the where query param for consecutive look up.
-        $query_params[0][$field_to_order_by] = array($operand, $current_field_value);
-        $query_params['limit'] = $limit;
-        //set direction
-        $incoming_orderby = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array)$query_params['order_by'] : array();
-        $query_params['order_by'] = $operand === '>'
-            ? array($field_to_order_by => 'ASC') + $incoming_orderby
-            : array($field_to_order_by => 'DESC') + $incoming_orderby;
-        //if $columns_to_select is empty then that means we're returning EE_Base_Class objects
-        if (empty($columns_to_select)) {
-            return $this->get_all($query_params);
-        }
-        //getting just the fields
-        return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the _timezone property after model object has been instantiated.
-     *
-     * @param null | string $timezone valid PHP DateTimeZone timezone string
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone)
-    {
-        if ($timezone !== null) {
-            $this->_timezone = $timezone;
-        }
-        //note we need to loop through relations and set the timezone on those objects as well.
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation) {
-            $relation->set_timezone($timezone);
-        }
-        //and finally we do the same for any datetime fields
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
-            if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field->set_timezone($timezone);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        //first validate if timezone is set.  If not, then let's set it be whatever is set on the model fields.
-        if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
-            foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
-                if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                    $this->set_timezone($field->get_timezone());
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        //if timezone STILL empty then return the default timezone for the site.
-        if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
-            $this->set_timezone(EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone());
-        }
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the date formats set for the given field name and also ensures that
-     * $this->_timezone property is set correctly.
-     *
-     * @since 4.6.x
-     * @param string $field_name The name of the field the formats are being retrieved for.
-     * @param bool   $pretty     Whether to return the pretty formats (true) or not (false).
-     * @throws EE_Error   If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
-     * @return array formats in an array with the date format first, and the time format last.
-     */
-    public function get_formats_for($field_name, $pretty = false)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        //if not a valid EE_Datetime_Field then throw error
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('The field sent into EEM_Base::get_formats_for (%s) is not registered as a EE_Datetime_Field. Please check the spelling and make sure you are submitting the right field name to retrieve date_formats for.',
-                'event_espresso'), $field_name));
-        }
-        //while we are here, let's make sure the timezone internally in EEM_Base matches what is stored on
-        //the field.
-        $this->_timezone = $field_settings->get_timezone();
-        return array($field_settings->get_date_format($pretty), $field_settings->get_time_format($pretty));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current time in a format setup for a query on this model.
-     * Usage of this method makes it easier to setup queries against EE_Datetime_Field columns because
-     * it will return:
-     *  - a formatted string in the timezone and format currently set on the EE_Datetime_Field for the given field for
-     *  NOW
-     *  - or a unix timestamp (equivalent to time())
-     * Note: When requesting a formatted string, if the date or time format doesn't include seconds, for example,
-     * the time returned, because it uses that format, will also NOT include seconds. For this reason, if you want
-     * the time returned to be the current time down to the exact second, set $timestamp to true.
-     * @since 4.6.x
-     * @param string $field_name       The field the current time is needed for.
-     * @param bool   $timestamp        True means to return a unix timestamp. Otherwise a
-     *                                 formatted string matching the set format for the field in the set timezone will
-     *                                 be returned.
-     * @param string $what             Whether to return the string in just the time format, the date format, or both.
-     * @throws EE_Error    If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
-     * @return int|string  If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type, then an EE_Error
-     *                                 exception is triggered.
-     */
-    public function current_time_for_query($field_name, $timestamp = false, $what = 'both')
-    {
-        $formats = $this->get_formats_for($field_name);
-        $DateTime = new DateTime("now", new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-        if ($timestamp) {
-            return $DateTime->format('U');
-        }
-        //not returning timestamp, so return formatted string in timezone.
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'time' :
-                return $DateTime->format($formats[1]);
-                break;
-            case 'date' :
-                return $DateTime->format($formats[0]);
-                break;
-            default :
-                return $DateTime->format(implode(' ', $formats));
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This receives a time string for a given field and ensures that it is setup to match what the internal settings
-     * for the model are.  Returns a DateTime object.
-     * Note: a gotcha for when you send in unix timestamp.  Remember a unix timestamp is already timezone agnostic,
-     * (functionally the equivalent of UTC+0).  So when you send it in, whatever timezone string you include is
-     * ignored.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      The field being setup.
-     * @param string $timestring      The date time string being used.
-     * @param string $incoming_format The format for the time string.
-     * @param string $timezone        By default, it is assumed the incoming time string is in timezone for
-     *                                the blog.  If this is not the case, then it can be specified here.  If incoming
-     *                                format is
-     *                                'U', this is ignored.
-     * @return DateTime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function convert_datetime_for_query($field_name, $timestring, $incoming_format, $timezone = '')
-    {
-        //just using this to ensure the timezone is set correctly internally
-        $this->get_formats_for($field_name);
-        //load EEH_DTT_Helper
-        $set_timezone = empty($timezone) ? EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone() : $timezone;
-        $incomingDateTime = date_create_from_format($incoming_format, $timestring, new DateTimeZone($set_timezone));
-        return \EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\DbSafeDateTime::createFromDateTime( $incomingDateTime->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone)) );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tables comprising this model. Array keys are the table aliases, and values are EE_Table objects
-     *
-     * @return EE_Table_Base[]
-     */
-    public function get_tables()
-    {
-        return $this->_tables;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates all the database entries (in each table for this model) according to $fields_n_values and optionally
-     * also updates all the model objects, where the criteria expressed in $query_params are met..
-     * Also note: if this model has multiple tables, this update verifies all the secondary tables have an entry for
-     * each row (in the primary table) we're trying to update; if not, it inserts an entry in the secondary table. Eg:
-     * if our model has 2 tables: wp_posts (primary), and wp_esp_event (secondary). Let's say we are trying to update a
-     * model object with EVT_ID = 1
-     * (which means where wp_posts has ID = 1, because wp_posts.ID is the primary key's column), which exists, but
-     * there is no entry in wp_esp_event for this entry in wp_posts. So, this update script will insert a row into
-     * wp_esp_event, using any available parameters from $fields_n_values (eg, if "EVT_limit" => 40 is in
-     * $fields_n_values, the new entry in wp_esp_event will set EVT_limit = 40, and use default for other columns which
-     * are not specified)
-     *
-     * @param array   $fields_n_values         keys are model fields (exactly like keys in EEM_Base::_fields, NOT db
-     *                                         columns!), values are strings, ints, floats, and maybe arrays if they
-     *                                         are to be serialized. Basically, the values are what you'd expect to be
-     *                                         values on the model, NOT necessarily what's in the DB. For example, if
-     *                                         we wanted to update only the TXN_details on any Transactions where its
-     *                                         ID=34, we'd use this method as follows:
-     *                                         EEM_Transaction::instance()->update(
-     *                                         array('TXN_details'=>array('detail1'=>'monkey','detail2'=>'banana'),
-     *                                         array(array('TXN_ID'=>34)));
-     * @param array   $query_params            very much like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
-     *                                         in client code into what's expected to be stored on each field. Eg,
-     *                                         consider updating Question's QST_admin_label field is of type
-     *                                         Simple_HTML. If you use this function to update that field to $new_value
-     *                                         = (note replace 8's with appropriate opening and closing tags in the
-     *                                         following example)"8script8alert('I hack all');8/script88b8boom
-     *                                         baby8/b8", then if you set $values_already_prepared_by_model_object to
-     *                                         TRUE, it is assumed that you've already called
-     *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value), which removes the
-     *                                         malicious javascript. However, if
-     *                                         $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is left as FALSE, then
-     *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value) will be called on it,
-     *                                         and every other field, before insertion. We provide this parameter
-     *                                         because model objects perform their prepare_for_set function on all
-     *                                         their values, and so don't need to be called again (and in many cases,
-     *                                         shouldn't be called again. Eg: if we escape HTML characters in the
-     *                                         prepare_for_set method...)
-     * @param boolean $keep_model_objs_in_sync if TRUE, makes sure we ALSO update model objects
-     *                                         in this model's entity map according to $fields_n_values that match
-     *                                         $query_params. This obviously has some overhead, so you can disable it
-     *                                         by setting this to FALSE, but be aware that model objects being used
-     *                                         could get out-of-sync with the database
-     * @return int how many rows got updated or FALSE if something went wrong with the query (wp returns FALSE or num
-     *                                         rows affected which *could* include 0 which DOES NOT mean the query was
-     *                                         bad)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update($fields_n_values, $query_params, $keep_model_objs_in_sync = true)
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::update',
-                sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
-            $query_params = array();
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action called before a model update call has been made.
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
-         * @param array    $query_params    @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__begin', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params);
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields about to be updated given the query parameters. You can provide the
-         * $query_params to $this->get_all() to find exactly which records will be updated
-         *
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values fields and their new values
-         * @param EEM_Base $model           the model being queried
-         * @param array    $query_params    see EEM_Base::get_all()
-         */
-        $fields_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__update__fields_n_values', $fields_n_values, $this,
-            $query_params);
-        //need to verify that, for any entry we want to update, there are entries in each secondary table.
-        //to do that, for each table, verify that it's PK isn't null.
-        $tables = $this->get_tables();
-        //and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
-        //NOTE: we should make this code more efficient by NOT querying twice
-        //before the real update, but that needs to first go through ALPHA testing
-        //as it's dangerous. says Mike August 8 2014
-        //we want to make sure the default_where strategy is ignored
-        $this->_ignore_where_strategy = true;
-        $wpdb_select_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-        foreach ($wpdb_select_results as $wpdb_result) {
-            // type cast stdClass as array
-            $wpdb_result = (array)$wpdb_result;
-            //get the model object's PK, as we'll want this if we need to insert a row into secondary tables
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
-            } else {
-                //if there's no primary key, we basically can't support having a 2nd table on the model (we could but it would be lots of work)
-                $main_table_pk_value = null;
-            }
-            //if there are more than 1 tables, we'll want to verify that each table for this model has an entry in the other tables
-            //and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
-            if (count($tables) > 1) {
-                //foreach matching row in the DB, ensure that each table's PK isn't null. If so, there must not be an entry
-                //in that table, and so we'll want to insert one
-                foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
-                    $this_table_pk_column = $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
-                    //if there is no private key for this table on the results, it means there's no entry
-                    //in this table, right? so insert a row in the current table, using any fields available
-                    if (! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
-                           && $wpdb_result[$this_table_pk_column])
-                    ) {
-                        $success = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($table_obj, $fields_n_values,
-                            $main_table_pk_value);
-                        //if we died here, report the error
-                        if (! $success) {
-                            return false;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            //				//and now check that if we have cached any models by that ID on the model, that
-            //				//they also get updated properly
-            //				$model_object = $this->get_from_entity_map( $main_table_pk_value );
-            //				if( $model_object ){
-            //					foreach( $fields_n_values as $field => $value ){
-            //						$model_object->set($field, $value);
-            //let's make sure default_where strategy is followed now
-            $this->_ignore_where_strategy = false;
-        }
-        //if we want to keep model objects in sync, AND
-        //if this wasn't called from a model object (to update itself)
-        //then we want to make sure we keep all the existing
-        //model objects in sync with the db
-        if ($keep_model_objs_in_sync && ! $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $model_objs_affected_ids = $this->get_col($query_params);
-            } else {
-                //we need to select a bunch of columns and then combine them into the the "index primary key string"s
-                $models_affected_key_columns = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A);
-                $model_objs_affected_ids = array();
-                foreach ($models_affected_key_columns as $row) {
-                    $combined_index_key = $this->get_index_primary_key_string($row);
-                    $model_objs_affected_ids[$combined_index_key] = $combined_index_key;
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
-                //wait wait wait- if nothing was affected let's stop here
-                return 0;
-            }
-            foreach ($model_objs_affected_ids as $id) {
-                $model_obj_in_entity_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-                if ($model_obj_in_entity_map) {
-                    foreach ($fields_n_values as $field => $new_value) {
-                        $model_obj_in_entity_map->set($field, $new_value);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            //if there is a primary key on this model, we can now do a slight optimization
-            if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                //we already know what we want to update. So let's make the query simpler so it's a little more efficient
-                $query_params = array(
-                    array($this->primary_key_name() => array('IN', $model_objs_affected_ids)),
-                    'limit'                    => count($model_objs_affected_ids),
-                    'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        $SQL = "UPDATE "
-               . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
-               . " SET "
-               . $this->_construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
-               . $model_query_info->get_where_sql();//note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
-        $rows_affected = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', array($SQL));
-        /**
-         * Action called after a model update call has been made.
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
-         * @param array    $query_params    @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-         * @param int      $rows_affected
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__end', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params, $rows_affected);
-        return $rows_affected;//how many supposedly got updated
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Analogous to $wpdb->get_col, returns a 1-dimensional array where teh values
-     * are teh values of the field specified (or by default the primary key field)
-     * that matched the query params. Note that you should pass the name of the
-     * model FIELD, not the database table's column name.
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @param string $field_to_select
-     * @return array just like $wpdb->get_col()
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_col($query_params = array(), $field_to_select = null)
-    {
-        if ($field_to_select) {
-            $field = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_select);
-        } elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-        } else {
-            //no primary key, just grab the first column
-            $field = reset($this->field_settings());
-        }
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        $select_expressions = $field->get_qualified_column();
-        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_col', array($SQL));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a single column value for a single row from the database
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params    @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @param string $field_to_select @see EEM_Base::get_col()
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_var($query_params = array(), $field_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $col = $this->get_col($query_params, $field_to_select);
-        if (! empty($col)) {
-            return reset($col);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Makes the SQL for after "UPDATE table_X inner join table_Y..." and before "...WHERE". Eg "Question.name='party
-     * time?', Question.desc='what do you think?',..." Values are filtered through wpdb->prepare to avoid against SQL
-     * injection, but currently no further filtering is done
-     *
-     * @global      $wpdb
-     * @param array $fields_n_values array keys are field names on this model, and values are what those fields should
-     *                               be updated to in the DB
-     * @return string of SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        $cols_n_values = array();
-        foreach ($fields_n_values as $field_name => $value) {
-            $field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
-            //if the value is NULL, we want to assign the value to that.
-            //wpdb->prepare doesn't really handle that properly
-            $prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
-            $value_sql = $prepared_value === null ? 'NULL'
-                : $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(), $prepared_value);
-            $cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column() . "=" . $value_sql;
-        }
-        return implode(",", $cols_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
-     * Performs a HARD delete, meaning the database row should always be removed,
-     * not just have a flag field on it switched
-     * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete_permanently()
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id
-     * @return boolean whether the row got deleted or not
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently_by_ID($id)
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently(
-            array(
-                array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id),
-                'limit' => 1,
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
-     * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete()
-     *
-     * @param mixed $id
-     * @return boolean whether the row got deleted or not
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_by_ID($id)
-    {
-        return $this->delete(
-            array(
-                array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id),
-                'limit' => 1,
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Identical to delete_permanently, but does a "soft" delete if possible,
-     * meaning if the model has a field that indicates its been "trashed" or
-     * "soft deleted", we will just set that instead of actually deleting the rows.
-     *
-     * @see EEM_Base::delete_permanently
-     * @param array   $query_params
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking
-     * @return int how many rows got deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes the model objects that meet the query params. Note: this method is overridden
-     * in EEM_Soft_Delete_Base so that soft-deleted model objects are instead only flagged
-     * as archived, not actually deleted
-     *
-     * @param array   $query_params   very much like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model info
-     *                                that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data); if false,
-     *                                deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its generally
-     *                                advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could easily corrupt your
-     *                                DB
-     * @return int how many rows got deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        /**
-         * Action called just before performing a real deletion query. You can use the
-         * model and its $query_params to find exactly which items will be deleted
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $query_params   @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-         * @param boolean  $allow_blocking whether or not to allow related model objects
-         *                                 to block (prevent) this deletion
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__begin', $this, $query_params, $allow_blocking);
-        //some MySQL databases may be running safe mode, which may restrict
-        //deletion if there is no KEY column used in the WHERE statement of a deletion.
-        //to get around this, we first do a SELECT, get all the IDs, and then run another query
-        //to delete them
-        $items_for_deletion = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
-        $deletion_where = $this->_setup_ids_for_delete($items_for_deletion, $allow_blocking);
-        if ($deletion_where) {
-            //echo "objects for deletion:";var_dump($objects_for_deletion);
-            $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-            $table_aliases = array_keys($this->_tables);
-            $SQL = "DELETE "
-                   . implode(", ", $table_aliases)
-                   . " FROM "
-                   . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
-                   . " WHERE "
-                   . $deletion_where;
-            //		/echo "delete sql:$SQL";
-            $rows_deleted = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', array($SQL));
-        } else {
-            $rows_deleted = 0;
-        }
-        //and lastly make sure those items are removed from the entity map; if they could be put into it at all
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            foreach ($items_for_deletion as $item_for_deletion_row) {
-                $pk_value = $item_for_deletion_row[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
-                if (isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$pk_value])) {
-                    unset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$pk_value]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action called just after performing a real deletion query. Although at this point the
-         * items should have been deleted
-         *
-         * @param EEM_Base $model
-         * @param array    $query_params @see EEM_Base::get_all()
-         * @param int      $rows_deleted
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__end', $this, $query_params, $rows_deleted);
-        return $rows_deleted;//how many supposedly got deleted
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks all the relations that throw error messages when there are blocking related objects
-     * for related model objects. If there are any related model objects on those relations,
-     * adds an EE_Error, and return true
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int $this_model_obj_or_id
-     * @param EE_Base_Class     $ignore_this_model_obj a model object like 'EE_Event', or 'EE_Term_Taxonomy', which
-     *                                                 should be ignored when determining whether there are related
-     *                                                 model objects which block this model object's deletion. Useful
-     *                                                 if you know A is related to B and are considering deleting A,
-     *                                                 but want to see if A has any other objects blocking its deletion
-     *                                                 before removing the relation between A and B
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_is_blocked_by_related_models($this_model_obj_or_id, $ignore_this_model_obj = null)
-    {
-        //first, if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, get its model
-        if ($ignore_this_model_obj && $ignore_this_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $ignored_model = $ignore_this_model_obj->get_model();
-        } else {
-            $ignored_model = null;
-        }
-        //now check all the relations of $this_model_obj_or_id and see if there
-        //are any related model objects blocking it?
-        $is_blocked = false;
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj->block_delete_if_related_models_exist()) {
-                //if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, then for the query
-                //on that model needs to be told to ignore $ignore_this_model_obj
-                if ($ignored_model && $relation_name === $ignored_model->get_this_model_name()) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id, array(
-                        array(
-                            $ignored_model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => array(
-                                '!=',
-                                $ignore_this_model_obj->ID(),
-                            ),
-                        ),
-                    ));
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id);
-                }
-                if ($related_model_objects) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error($relation_obj->get_deletion_error_message(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-                    $is_blocked = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $is_blocked;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets up our delete where sql and accounts for if we have secondary tables that will have rows deleted as
-     * well.
-     *
-     * @param  array  $objects_for_deletion This should be the values returned by $this->_get_all_wpdb_results()
-     * @param boolean $allow_blocking       if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model
-     *                                      info that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data);
-     *                                      if false, deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its
-     *                                      generally advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could
-     *                                      easily corrupt your DB
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string    everything that comes after the WHERE statement.
-     */
-    protected function _setup_ids_for_delete($objects_for_deletion, $allow_blocking = true)
-    {
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_table = $this->_get_main_table();
-            $other_tables = $this->_get_other_tables();
-            $deletes = $query = array();
-            foreach ($objects_for_deletion as $delete_object) {
-                //before we mark this object for deletion,
-                //make sure there's no related objects blocking its deletion (if we're checking)
-                if (
-                    $allow_blocking
-                    && $this->delete_is_blocked_by_related_models(
-                        $delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()]
-                    )
-                ) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                //primary table deletes
-                if (isset($delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()])) {
-                    $deletes[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
-                }
-                //other tables
-                if (! empty($other_tables)) {
-                    foreach ($other_tables as $ot) {
-                        //first check if we've got the foreign key column here.
-                        if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_fk_column()])) {
-                            $deletes[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_fk_column()];
-                        }
-                        // wait! it's entirely possible that we'll have a the primary key
-                        // for this table in here, if it's a foreign key for one of the other secondary tables
-                        if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()])) {
-                            $deletes[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
-                        }
-                        // finally, it is possible that the fk for this table is found
-                        // in the fully qualified pk column for the fk table, so let's see if that's there!
-                        if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_on_fk_table()])) {
-                            $deletes[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            //we should have deletes now, so let's just go through and setup the where statement
-            foreach ($deletes as $column => $values) {
-                //make sure we have unique $values;
-                $values = array_unique($values);
-                $query[] = $column . ' IN(' . implode(",", $values) . ')';
-            }
-            return ! empty($query) ? implode(' AND ', $query) : '';
-        }
-        if (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
-            $ways_to_identify_a_row = array();
-            $fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
-            //note: because there' sno primary key, that means nothing else  can be pointing to this model, right?
-            foreach ($objects_for_deletion as $delete_object) {
-                $values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row = array();
-                foreach ($fields as $cpk_field) {
-                    if ($cpk_field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-                        $values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row[] = $cpk_field->get_qualified_column()
-                                                           . "="
-                                                           . $delete_object[$cpk_field->get_qualified_column()];
-                    }
-                }
-                $ways_to_identify_a_row[] = "(" . implode(" AND ", $values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row) . ")";
-            }
-            return implode(" OR ", $ways_to_identify_a_row);
-        }
-        //so there's no primary key and no combined key...
-        //sorry, can't help you
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    "Cannot delete objects of type %s because there is no primary key NOR combined key",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ), get_class($this)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Count all the rows that match criteria expressed in $query_params (an array just like arg to EEM_Base::get_all).
-     * If $field_to_count isn't provided, the model's primary key is used. Otherwise, we count by field_to_count's
-     * column
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_count field on model to count by (not column name)
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count($query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        if ($field_to_count) {
-            $field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_count);
-            $column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        } elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $pk_field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-            $column_to_count = $pk_field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        } else {
-            //there's no primary key
-            //if we're counting distinct items, and there's no primary key,
-            //we need to list out the columns for distinction;
-            //otherwise we can just use star
-            if ($distinct) {
-                $columns_to_use = array();
-                foreach ($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $field_obj) {
-                    $columns_to_use[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-                }
-                $column_to_count = implode(',', $columns_to_use);
-            } else {
-                $column_to_count = '*';
-            }
-        }
-        $column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT " . $column_to_count : $column_to_count;
-        $SQL = "SELECT COUNT(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return (int)$this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sums up the value of the $field_to_sum (defaults to the primary key, which isn't terribly useful)
-     *
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @param string $field_to_sum name of field (array key in $_fields array)
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum($query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
-        if ($field_to_sum) {
-            $field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_sum);
-        } else {
-            $field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-        }
-        $column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        $SQL = "SELECT SUM(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        $return_value = $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
-        $data_type = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-        if ($data_type === '%d' || $data_type === '%s') {
-            return (float)$return_value;
-        }
-        //must be %f
-        return (float)$return_value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just calls the specified method on $wpdb with the given arguments
-     * Consolidates a little extra error handling code
-     *
-     * @param string $wpdb_method
-     * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @global wpdb  $wpdb
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    protected function _do_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        //if we're in maintenance mode level 2, DON'T run any queries
-        //because level 2 indicates the database needs updating and
-        //is probably out of sync with the code
-        if (! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Event Espresso Level 2 Maintenance mode is active. That means EE can not run ANY database queries until the necessary migration scripts have run which will take EE out of maintenance mode level 2. Please inform support of this error.",
-                "event_espresso")));
-        }
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There is no method named "%s" on Wordpress\' $wpdb object',
-                'event_espresso'), $wpdb_method));
-        }
-        if (WP_DEBUG) {
-            $old_show_errors_value = $wpdb->show_errors;
-            $wpdb->show_errors(false);
-        }
-        $result = $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-        $this->show_db_query_if_previously_requested($wpdb->last_query);
-        if (WP_DEBUG) {
-            $wpdb->show_errors($old_show_errors_value);
-            if (! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('WPDB Error: "%s"', 'event_espresso'), $wpdb->last_error));
-            }
-            if ($result === false) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('WPDB Error occurred, but no error message was logged by wpdb! The wpdb method called was "%1$s" and the arguments were "%2$s"',
-                    'event_espresso'), $wpdb_method, var_export($arguments_to_provide, true)));
-            }
-        } elseif ($result === false) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __('A database error has occurred. Turn on WP_DEBUG for more information.||A database error occurred doing wpdb method "%1$s", with arguments "%2$s". The error was "%3$s"',
-                        'event_espresso'),
-                    $wpdb_method,
-                    var_export($arguments_to_provide, true),
-                    $wpdb->last_error
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-        }
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Attempts to run the indicated WPDB method with the provided arguments,
-     * and if there's an error tries to verify the DB is correct. Uses
-     * the static property EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level to determine whether
-     * we should try to fix the EE core db, the addons, or just give up
-     *
-     * @param string $wpdb_method
-     * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return mixed
-     */
-    private function _process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        $wpdb->last_error = null;
-        $result = call_user_func_array(array($wpdb, $wpdb_method), $arguments_to_provide);
-        // was there an error running the query? but we don't care on new activations
-        // (we're going to setup the DB anyway on new activations)
-        if (($result === false || ! empty($wpdb->last_error))
-            && EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_new_activation
-        ) {
-            switch (EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level) {
-                case EEM_Base::db_verified_none :
-                    // let's double-check core's DB
-                    $error_message = $this->_verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Base::db_verified_core :
-                    // STILL NO LOVE?? verify all the addons too. Maybe they need to be fixed
-                    $error_message = $this->_verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Base::db_verified_addons :
-                    // ummmm... you in trouble
-                    return $result;
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (! empty($error_message)) {
-                EE_Log::instance()->log(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, $error_message, 'error');
-                trigger_error($error_message);
-            }
-            return $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
-        }
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the EE core database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
-     * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
-     *
-     * @param string $wpdb_method
-     * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        //ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the core db, in case the problem persists
-        EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_core;
-        $error_message = sprintf(
-            __('WPDB Error "%1$s" while running wpdb method "%2$s" with arguments %3$s. Automatically attempting to fix EE Core DB',
-                'event_espresso'),
-            $wpdb->last_error,
-            $wpdb_method,
-            wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
-        );
-        EE_System::instance()->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required(false, true);
-        return $error_message;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies the EE addons' database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
-     * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
-     *
-     * @param $wpdb_method
-     * @param $arguments_to_provide
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        //ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the addons dbs, in case the problem persists
-        EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_addons;
-        $error_message = sprintf(
-            __('WPDB AGAIN: Error "%1$s" while running the same method and arguments as before. Automatically attempting to fix EE Addons DB',
-                'event_espresso'),
-            $wpdb->last_error,
-            $wpdb_method,
-            wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
-        );
-        EE_System::instance()->initialize_addons();
-        return $error_message;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * In order to avoid repeating this code for the get_all, sum, and count functions, put the code parts
-     * that are identical in here. Returns a string of SQL of everything in a SELECT query except the beginning
-     * SELECT clause, eg " FROM wp_posts AS Event INNER JOIN ... WHERE ... ORDER BY ... LIMIT ... GROUP BY ... HAVING
-     * ..."
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
-    {
-        return " FROM " . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_where_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_having_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_limit_sql();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set to easily debug the next X queries ran from this model.
-     *
-     * @param int $count
-     */
-    public function show_next_x_db_queries($count = 1)
-    {
-        $this->_show_next_x_db_queries = $count;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $sql_query
-     */
-    public function show_db_query_if_previously_requested($sql_query)
-    {
-        if ($this->_show_next_x_db_queries > 0) {
-            echo $sql_query;
-            $this->_show_next_x_db_queries--;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
-     * There are the 3 cases:
-     * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $other_model_id_or_obj's primary_key. If
-     * $otherModelObject has no ID, it is first saved.
-     * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $other_model_id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $id_or_obj's primary_key. If $id_or_obj
-     * has no ID, it is first saved.
-     * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships: checks that there isn't already an entry in the join table, and adds one.
-     * If one of the model Objects has not yet been saved to the database, it is saved before adding the entry in the
-     * join table
-     *
-     * @param        EE_Base_Class                     /int $thisModelObject
-     * @param        EE_Base_Class                     /int $id_or_obj EE_base_Class or ID of other Model Object
-     * @param string $relationName                     , key in EEM_Base::_relations
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values This allows you to enter further query params for the relation
-     *                                                 to for relation to methods that allow you to further specify
-     *                                                 extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).  Keep in mind that the
-     *                                                 only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
-     *                                                 because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class which was added as a relation. Object referred to by $other_model_id_or_obj
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function add_relationship_to(
-        $id_or_obj,
-        $other_model_id_or_obj,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array()
-    ) {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        return $relation_obj->add_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $extra_join_model_fields_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
-     * There are the 3 cases:
-     * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $modelObject's foreign_key to null, if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws an
-     * error
-     * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $otherModelObject's foreign_key to null,if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws
-     * an error
-     * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships:removes any existing entry in the join table between the two models.
-     *
-     * @param        EE_Base_Class /int $id_or_obj
-     * @param        EE_Base_Class /int $other_model_id_or_obj EE_Base_Class or ID of other Model Object
-     * @param string $relationName key in EEM_Base::_relations
-     * @return boolean of success
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @param array  $where_query  This allows you to enter further query params for the relation to for relation to
-     *                             methods that allow you to further specify extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).
-     *                             Keep in mind that the only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
-     *                             because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
-     */
-    public function remove_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        return $relation_obj->remove_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $where_query);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed           $id_or_obj
-     * @param string          $relationName
-     * @param array           $where_query_params
-     * @param EE_Base_Class[] objects to which relations were removed
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function remove_relations($id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query_params = array())
-    {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        return $relation_obj->remove_relations($id_or_obj, $where_query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related items of the specified $model_name, using $query_params.
-     * Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $id_or_obj    EE_Base_Class child or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', 'Registration', etc. always singular
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = null)
-    {
-        $model_obj = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
-        $relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        return $relation_settings->get_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
-     * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params.
-     * However, if the model objects can't be deleted because of blocking related model objects, then
-     * they aren't deleted. (Unless the thing that would have been deleted can be soft-deleted, that still happens).
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
-     * @param string                   $model_name
-     * @param array                    $query_params
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model_obj = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
-        $relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        return $relation_settings->delete_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Hard deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
-     * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params. If
-     * the model objects can't be hard deleted because of blocking related model objects,
-     * just does a soft-delete on them instead.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
-     * @param string                   $model_name
-     * @param array                    $query_params
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model_obj = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
-        $relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        return $relation_settings->delete_related_permanently($model_obj, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param        int             /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
-     * @param string $model_name     like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related(
-        $id_or_obj,
-        $model_name,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $field_to_count = null,
-        $distinct = false
-    ) {
-        $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-        //we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
-        //except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
-            $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
-        }
-        $this_model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
-        $this_pk_field_name = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][$this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
-        return $related_model->count($query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param        int           /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
-     * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_sum name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::sum_related',
-                sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
-            $query_params = array();
-        }
-        //we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
-        //except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
-            $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
-        }
-        $this_model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
-        $this_pk_field_name = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][$this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
-        return $related_model->sum($query_params, $field_to_sum);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Uses $this->_relatedModels info to find the first related model object of relation $relationName to the given
-     * $modelObject
-     *
-     * @param int | EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj        EE_Base_Class child or its ID
-     * @param string              $other_model_name , key in $this->_relatedModels, eg 'Registration', or 'Events'
-     * @param array               $query_params     like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related(EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params)
-    {
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $results = $this->get_all_related($id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params);
-        if ($results) {
-            return array_shift($results);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model's name as it's expected in queries. For example, if this is EEM_Event model, that would be Event
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_this_model_name()
-    {
-        return str_replace("EEM_", "", get_class($this));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model field on this model which is of type EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
-     *
-     * @return EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_containing_related_model_name()
-    {
-        foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field) {
-            if ($field instanceof EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field) {
-                $field_with_model_name = $field;
-            }
-        }
-        if (! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name field on model %s", "event_espresso"),
-                $this->get_this_model_name()));
-        }
-        return $field_with_model_name;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Inserts a new entry into the database, for each table.
-     * Note: does not add the item to the entity map because that is done by EE_Base_Class::save() right after this.
-     * If client code uses EEM_Base::insert() directly, then although the item isn't in the entity map,
-     * we also know there is no model object with the newly inserted item's ID at the moment (because
-     * if there were, then they would already be in the DB and this would fail); and in the future if someone
-     * creates a model object with this ID (or grabs it from the DB) then it will be added to the
-     * entity map at that time anyways. SO, no need for EEM_Base::insert ot add to the entity map
-     *
-     * @param array $field_n_values keys are field names, values are their values (in the client code's domain if
-     *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is false, in the model object's domain if
-     *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is true. See comment about this at the top
-     *                              of EEM_Base)
-     * @return int new primary key on main table that got inserted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function insert($field_n_values)
-    {
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields and their values before inserting an item using the models
-         *
-         * @param array    $fields_n_values keys are the fields and values are their new values
-         * @param EEM_Base $model           the model used
-         */
-        $field_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__insert__fields_n_values', $field_n_values, $this);
-        if ($this->_satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values)) {
-            $main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
-            $new_id = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($main_table, $field_n_values, false);
-            if ($new_id !== false) {
-                foreach ($this->_get_other_tables() as $other_table) {
-                    $this->_insert_into_specific_table($other_table, $field_n_values, $new_id);
-                }
-            }
-            /**
-             * Done just after attempting to insert a new model object
-             *
-             * @param EEM_Base   $model           used
-             * @param array      $fields_n_values fields and their values
-             * @param int|string the              ID of the newly-inserted model object
-             */
-            do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__insert__end', $this, $field_n_values, $new_id);
-            return $new_id;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks that the result would satisfy the unique indexes on this model
-     *
-     * @param array  $field_n_values
-     * @param string $action
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values, $action = 'insert')
-    {
-        foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $index_name => $index) {
-            $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($field_n_values, $index->fields());
-            if ($this->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "Could not %s %s. %s uniqueness index failed. Fields %s must form a unique set, but an entry already exists with values %s.",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        $action,
-                        $this->_get_class_name(),
-                        $index_name,
-                        implode(",", $index->field_names()),
-                        http_build_query($uniqueness_where_params)
-                    ),
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __FUNCTION__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks the database for an item that conflicts (ie, if this item were
-     * saved to the DB would break some uniqueness requirement, like a primary key
-     * or an index primary key set) with the item specified. $id_obj_or_fields_array
-     * can be either an EE_Base_Class or an array of fields n values
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|array $obj_or_fields_array
-     * @param boolean             $include_primary_key whether to use the model object's primary key
-     *                                                 when looking for conflicts
-     *                                                 (ie, if false, we ignore the model object's primary key
-     *                                                 when finding "conflicts". If true, it's also considered).
-     *                                                 Only works for INT primary key,
-     *                                                 STRING primary keys cannot be ignored
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|array
-     */
-    public function get_one_conflicting($obj_or_fields_array, $include_primary_key = true)
-    {
-        if ($obj_or_fields_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array->model_field_array();
-        } elseif (is_array($obj_or_fields_array)) {
-            $fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        "%s get_all_conflicting should be called with a model object or an array of field names and values, you provided %d",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    get_class($this),
-                    $obj_or_fields_array
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $query_params = array();
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()
-            && ($include_primary_key
-                || $this->get_primary_key_field()
-                   instanceof
-                   EE_Primary_Key_String_Field)
-            && isset($fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])
-        ) {
-            $query_params[0]['OR'][$this->primary_key_name()] = $fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()];
-        }
-        foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $unique_index_name => $unique_index) {
-            $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($fields_n_values, $unique_index->fields());
-            $query_params[0]['OR']['AND*' . $unique_index_name] = $uniqueness_where_params;
-        }
-        //if there is nothing to base this search on, then we shouldn't find anything
-        if (empty($query_params)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $this->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Like count, but is optimized and returns a boolean instead of an int
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function exists($query_params)
-    {
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        return $this->count($query_params) > 0;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for exists, except ignores default query parameters so we're only considering ID
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function exists_by_ID($id)
-    {
-        return $this->exists(
-            array(
-                'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
-                array(
-                    $this->primary_key_name() => $id,
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Inserts a new row in $table, using the $cols_n_values which apply to that table.
-     * If a $new_id is supplied and if $table is an EE_Other_Table, we assume
-     * we need to add a foreign key column to point to $new_id (which should be the primary key's value
-     * on the main table)
-     * This is protected rather than private because private is not accessible to any child methods and there MAY be
-     * cases where we want to call it directly rather than via insert().
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param EE_Table_Base $table
-     * @param array         $fields_n_values each key should be in field's keys, and value should be an int, string or
-     *                                       float
-     * @param int           $new_id          for now we assume only int keys
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @global WPDB         $wpdb            only used to get the $wpdb->insert_id after performing an insert
-     * @return int ID of new row inserted, or FALSE on failure
-     */
-    protected function _insert_into_specific_table(EE_Table_Base $table, $fields_n_values, $new_id = 0)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $insertion_col_n_values = array();
-        $format_for_insertion = array();
-        $fields_on_table = $this->_get_fields_for_table($table->get_table_alias());
-        foreach ($fields_on_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            //check if its an auto-incrementing column, in which case we should just leave it to do its autoincrement thing
-            if ($field_obj->is_auto_increment()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
-            //if the value we want to assign it to is NULL, just don't mention it for the insertion
-            if ($prepared_value !== null) {
-                $insertion_col_n_values[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $prepared_value;
-                $format_for_insertion[] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-            }
-        }
-        if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table && $new_id) {
-            //its not the main table, so we should have already saved the main table's PK which we just inserted
-            //so add the fk to the main table as a column
-            $insertion_col_n_values[$table->get_fk_on_table()] = $new_id;
-            $format_for_insertion[] = '%d';//yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
-        }
-        //insert the new entry
-        $result = $this->_do_wpdb_query('insert',
-            array($table->get_table_name(), $insertion_col_n_values, $format_for_insertion));
-        if ($result === false) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        //ok, now what do we return for the ID of the newly-inserted thing?
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($this->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                return $wpdb->insert_id;
-            }
-            //it's not an auto-increment primary key, so
-            //it must have been supplied
-            return $fields_n_values[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()];
-        }
-        //we can't return a  primary key because there is none. instead return
-        //a unique string indicating this model
-        return $this->get_index_primary_key_string($fields_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Prepare the $field_obj 's value in $fields_n_values for use in the database.
-     * If the field doesn't allow NULL, try to use its default. (If it doesn't allow NULL,
-     * and there is no default, we pass it along. WPDB will take care of it)
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
-     * @param array               $fields_n_values
-     * @return mixed string|int|float depending on what the table column will be expecting
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values)
-    {
-        //if this field doesn't allow nullable, don't allow it
-        if (
-            ! $field_obj->is_nullable()
-            && (
-                ! isset($fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()])
-                || $fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()] === null
-            )
-        ) {
-            $fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-        }
-        $unprepared_value = isset($fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()])
-            ? $fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()]
-            : null;
-        return $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($unprepared_value, $field_obj);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Consolidates code for preparing  a value supplied to the model for use int eh db. Calls the field's
-     * prepare_for_use_in_db method on the value, and depending on $value_already_prepare_by_model_obj, may also call
-     * the field's prepare_for_set() method.
-     *
-     * @param mixed               $value value in the client code domain if $value_already_prepared_by_model_object is
-     *                                   false, otherwise a value in the model object's domain (see lengthy comment at
-     *                                   top of file)
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field field which will be doing the preparing of the value. If null, we assume
-     *                                   $value is a custom selection
-     * @return mixed a value ready for use in the database for insertions, updating, or in a where clause
-     */
-    private function _prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field)
-    {
-        if ($field && $field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            switch ($this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
-                /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-                case self::not_prepared_by_model_object:
-                    $value = $field->prepare_for_set($value);
-                //purposefully left out "return"
-                case self::prepared_by_model_object:
-                    /** @noinspection SuspiciousAssignmentsInspection */
-                    $value = $field->prepare_for_use_in_db($value);
-                case self::prepared_for_use_in_db:
-                    //leave the value alone
-            }
-            return $value;
-        }
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the main table on this model
-     *
-     * @return EE_Primary_Table
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_main_table()
-    {
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table) {
-            if ($table instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
-                return $table;
-            }
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There are no main tables on %s. They should be added to _tables array in the constructor',
-            'event_espresso'), get_class($this)));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * table
-     * returns EE_Primary_Table table name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function table()
-    {
-        return $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_name();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * table
-     * returns first EE_Secondary_Table table name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function second_table()
-    {
-        // grab second table from tables array
-        $second_table = end($this->_tables);
-        return $second_table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table ? $second_table->get_table_name() : null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_table_obj_by_alias
-     * returns table name given it's alias
-     *
-     * @param string $table_alias
-     * @return EE_Primary_Table | EE_Secondary_Table
-     */
-    public function get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias = '')
-    {
-        return isset($this->_tables[$table_alias]) ? $this->_tables[$table_alias] : null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tables of type EE_Other_Table from EEM_CPT_Basel_Model::_tables
-     *
-     * @return EE_Secondary_Table[]
-     */
-    protected function _get_other_tables()
-    {
-        $other_tables = array();
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table) {
-            if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                $other_tables[$table_alias] = $table;
-            }
-        }
-        return $other_tables;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds all the fields that correspond to the given table
-     *
-     * @param string $table_alias , array key in EEM_Base::_tables
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[]
-     */
-    public function _get_fields_for_table($table_alias)
-    {
-        return $this->_fields[$table_alias];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Recurses through all the where parameters, and finds all the related models we'll need
-     * to complete this query. Eg, given where parameters like array('EVT_ID'=>3) from within Event model, we won't
-     * need any related models. But if the array were array('Registrations.REG_ID'=>3), we'd need the related
-     * Registration model. If it were array('Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_ID'=>3), then we'd need the
-     * related Registration, Transaction, and Payment models.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_parameters['where']
-     * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _extract_related_models_from_query($query_params)
-    {
-        $query_info_carrier = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier();
-        if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
-            $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys($query_params[0], $query_info_carrier, 0);
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
-                    $query_params['group_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'group_by'
-                );
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_params['group_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'group_by'
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params)) {
-            $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                $query_params[0],
-                $query_info_carrier,
-                'having'
-            );
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'order_by'
-                );
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_info_carrier,
-                    'order_by'
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists('force_join', $query_params)) {
-            $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
-                $query_params['force_join'],
-                $query_info_carrier,
-                'force_join'
-            );
-        }
-        return $query_info_carrier;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * For extracting related models from WHERE (0), HAVING (having), ORDER BY (order_by) or forced joins (force_join)
-     *
-     * @param array                       $sub_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] or
-     *                                                      $query_params['having']
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     */
-    private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-        $sub_query_params,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
-        $query_param_type
-    ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            $sub_query_params = (array)$sub_query_params;
-            foreach ($sub_query_params as $param => $possibly_array_of_params) {
-                //$param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($param, $model_query_info_carrier,
-                    $query_param_type);
-                //if $possibly_array_of_params is an array, try recursing into it, searching for keys which
-                //indicate needed joins. Eg, array('NOT'=>array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)). In this case, we tried
-                //extracting models out of the 'NOT', which obviously wasn't successful, and then we recurse into the value
-                //of array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)
-                $query_param_sans_stars = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($param);
-                if (in_array($query_param_sans_stars, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-                    if (! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You used a special where query param %s, but the value isn't an array of where query params, it's just %s'. It should be an array, eg array('EVT_ID'=>23,'OR'=>array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>32,'Venue.VNU_name'=>'monkey_land'))",
-                            "event_espresso"),
-                            $param, $possibly_array_of_params));
-                    }
-                    $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                        $possibly_array_of_params,
-                        $model_query_info_carrier, $query_param_type
-                    );
-                } elseif ($query_param_type === 0 //ie WHERE
-                          && is_array($possibly_array_of_params)
-                          && isset($possibly_array_of_params[2])
-                          && $possibly_array_of_params[2] == true
-                ) {
-                    //then $possible_array_of_params looks something like array('<','DTT_sold',true)
-                    //indicating that $possible_array_of_params[1] is actually a field name,
-                    //from which we should extract query parameters!
-                    if (! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Improperly formed query parameter %s. It should be numerically indexed like array('<','DTT_sold',true); but you provided %s",
-                            "event_espresso"), $query_param_type, implode(",", $possibly_array_of_params)));
-                    }
-                    $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($possibly_array_of_params[1],
-                        $model_query_info_carrier, $query_param_type);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_query_info_carrier;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * For extracting related models from forced_joins, where the array values contain the info about what
-     * models to join with. Eg an array like array('Attendee','Price.Price_Type');
-     *
-     * @param array                       $sub_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] or
-     *                                                      $query_params['having']
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     */
-    private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
-        $sub_query_params,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
-        $query_param_type
-    ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            if (! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Query parameter %s should be an array, but it isn't.", "event_espresso"),
-                    $sub_query_params));
-            }
-            foreach ($sub_query_params as $param) {
-                //$param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($param, $model_query_info_carrier,
-                    $query_param_type);
-            }
-        }
-        return $model_query_info_carrier;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Extract all the query parts from $query_params (an array like whats passed to EEM_Base::get_all)
-     * and put into a EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier for easy extraction into a query. We create this object
-     * instead of directly constructing the SQL because often we need to extract info from the $query_params
-     * but use them in a different order. Eg, we need to know what models we are querying
-     * before we know what joins to perform. However, we need to know what data types correspond to which fields on
-     * other models before we can finalize the where clause SQL.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
-     */
-    public function _create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params)
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-                'EEM_Base::_create_model_query_info_carrier',
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        '$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    gettype($query_params)
-                ),
-                '4.6.0'
-            );
-            $query_params = array();
-        }
-        $where_query_params = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : array();
-        //first check if we should alter the query to account for caps or not
-        //because the caps might require us to do extra joins
-        if (isset($query_params['caps']) && $query_params['caps'] !== 'none') {
-            $query_params[0] = $where_query_params = array_replace_recursive(
-                $where_query_params,
-                $this->caps_where_conditions(
-                    $query_params['caps']
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $query_object = $this->_extract_related_models_from_query($query_params);
-        //verify where_query_params has NO numeric indexes.... that's simply not how you use it!
-        foreach ($where_query_params as $key => $value) {
-            if (is_int($key)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "WHERE query params must NOT be numerically-indexed. You provided the array key '%s' for value '%s' while querying model %s. All the query params provided were '%s' Please read documentation on EEM_Base::get_all.",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        $key,
-                        var_export($value, true),
-                        var_export($query_params, true),
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if (
-            array_key_exists('default_where_conditions', $query_params)
-            && ! empty($query_params['default_where_conditions'])
-        ) {
-            $use_default_where_conditions = $query_params['default_where_conditions'];
-        } else {
-            $use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
-        }
-        $where_query_params = array_merge(
-            $this->_get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
-                $query_object,
-                $use_default_where_conditions,
-                $where_query_params
-            ),
-            $where_query_params
-        );
-        $query_object->set_where_sql($this->_construct_where_clause($where_query_params));
-        // if this is a "on_join_limit" then we are limiting on on a specific table in a multi_table join.
-        // So we need to setup a subquery and use that for the main join.
-        // Note for now this only works on the primary table for the model.
-        // So for instance, you could set the limit array like this:
-        // array( 'on_join_limit' => array('Primary_Table_Alias', array(1,10) ) )
-        if (array_key_exists('on_join_limit', $query_params) && ! empty($query_params['on_join_limit'])) {
-            $query_object->set_main_model_join_sql(
-                $this->_construct_limit_join_select(
-                    $query_params['on_join_limit'][0],
-                    $query_params['on_join_limit'][1]
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        //set limit
-        if (array_key_exists('limit', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
-                if (! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
-                    $e = sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "Invalid DB query. You passed '%s' for the LIMIT, but only the following are valid: an integer, string representing an integer, a string like 'int,int', or an array like array(int,int)",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        http_build_query($query_params['limit'])
-                    );
-                    throw new EE_Error($e . "|" . $e);
-                }
-                //they passed us an array for the limit. Assume it's like array(50,25), meaning offset by 50, and get 25
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit'][0] . "," . $query_params['limit'][1]);
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['limit'])) {
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit']);
-            }
-        }
-        //set order by
-        if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                //if they're using 'order_by' as an array, they can't use 'order' (because 'order_by' must
-                //specify whether to ascend or descend on each field. Eg 'order_by'=>array('EVT_ID'=>'ASC'). So
-                //including 'order' wouldn't make any sense if 'order_by' has already specified which way to order!
-                if (array_key_exists('order', $query_params)) {
-                    throw new EE_Error(
-                        sprintf(
-                            __(
-                                "In querying %s, we are using query parameter 'order_by' as an array (keys:%s,values:%s), and so we can't use query parameter 'order' (value %s). You should just use the 'order_by' parameter ",
-                                "event_espresso"
-                            ),
-                            get_class($this),
-                            implode(", ", array_keys($query_params['order_by'])),
-                            implode(", ", $query_params['order_by']),
-                            $query_params['order']
-                        )
-                    );
-                }
-                $this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_object,
-                    'order_by'
-                );
-                //assume it's an array of fields to order by
-                $order_array = array();
-                foreach ($query_params['order_by'] as $field_name_to_order_by => $order) {
-                    $order = $this->_extract_order($order);
-                    $order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by) . SP . $order;
-                }
-                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . implode(",", $order_array));
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['order_by'])) {
-                $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_params['order_by'],
-                    $query_object,
-                    'order',
-                    $query_params['order_by']
-                );
-                $order = isset($query_params['order'])
-                    ? $this->_extract_order($query_params['order'])
-                    : 'DESC';
-                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(
-                    " ORDER BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']) . SP . $order
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        //if 'order_by' wasn't set, maybe they are just using 'order' on its own?
-        if (! array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)
-            && array_key_exists('order', $query_params)
-            && ! empty($query_params['order'])
-        ) {
-            $pk_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-            $order = $this->_extract_order($query_params['order']);
-            $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . $pk_field->get_qualified_column() . SP . $order);
-        }
-        //set group by
-        if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
-            if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                //it's an array, so assume we'll be grouping by a bunch of stuff
-                $group_by_array = array();
-                foreach ($query_params['group_by'] as $field_name_to_group_by) {
-                    $group_by_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_group_by);
-                }
-                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY " . implode(", ", $group_by_array));
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
-                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(
-                    " GROUP BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        //set having
-        if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params) && $query_params['having']) {
-            $query_object->set_having_sql($this->_construct_having_clause($query_params['having']));
-        }
-        //now, just verify they didn't pass anything wack
-        foreach ($query_params as $query_key => $query_value) {
-            if (! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "You passed %s as a query parameter to %s, which is illegal! The allowed query parameters are %s",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $query_key,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        //						print_r( $this->_allowed_query_params, TRUE )
-                        implode(',', $this->_allowed_query_params)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $main_model_join_sql = $query_object->get_main_model_join_sql();
-        if (empty($main_model_join_sql)) {
-            $query_object->set_main_model_join_sql($this->_construct_internal_join());
-        }
-        return $query_object;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the where conditions that should be imposed on the query based on the
-     * context (eg reading frontend, backend, edit or delete).
-     *
-     * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts()
-     * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all() 's $query_params[0]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function caps_where_conditions($context = self::caps_read)
-    {
-        EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
-        $cap_where_conditions = array();
-        $cap_restrictions = $this->caps_missing($context);
-        /**
-         * @var $cap_restrictions EE_Default_Where_Conditions[]
-         */
-        foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
-            $cap_where_conditions = array_replace_recursive($cap_where_conditions,
-                $restriction_if_no_cap->get_default_where_conditions());
-        }
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__caps_where_conditions__return', $cap_where_conditions, $this, $context,
-            $cap_restrictions);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies that $should_be_order_string is in $this->_allowed_order_values,
-     * otherwise throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param string $should_be_order_string
-     * @return string either ASC, asc, DESC or desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _extract_order($should_be_order_string)
-    {
-        if (in_array($should_be_order_string, $this->_allowed_order_values)) {
-            return $should_be_order_string;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    "While performing a query on '%s', tried to use '%s' as an order parameter. ",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ), get_class($this), $should_be_order_string
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Looks at all the models which are included in this query, and asks each
-     * for their universal_where_params, and returns them in the same format as $query_params[0] (where),
-     * so they can be merged
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
-     * @param string                      $use_default_where_conditions can be 'none','other_models_only', or 'all'.
-     *                                                                  'none' means NO default where conditions will
-     *                                                                  be used AT ALL during this query.
-     *                                                                  'other_models_only' means default where
-     *                                                                  conditions from other models will be used, but
-     *                                                                  not for this primary model. 'all', the default,
-     *                                                                  means default where conditions will apply as
-     *                                                                  normal
-     * @param array                       $where_query_params           like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return array like $query_params[0], see EEM_Base::get_all for documentation
-     */
-    private function _get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier,
-        $use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-        $where_query_params = array()
-    ) {
-        $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values = EEM_Base::valid_default_where_conditions();
-        if (! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You passed an invalid value to the query parameter 'default_where_conditions' of '%s'. Allowed values are %s",
-                "event_espresso"), $use_default_where_conditions,
-                implode(", ", $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)));
-        }
-        $universal_query_params = array();
-        if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
-            $universal_query_params = $this->_get_default_where_conditions();
-        } else if ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
-            $universal_query_params = $this->_get_minimum_where_conditions();
-        }
-        foreach ($query_info_carrier->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_path => $model_name) {
-            $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-            if ( $this->_should_use_default_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
-                $related_model_universal_where_params = $related_model->_get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-            } elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
-                $related_model_universal_where_params = $related_model->_get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-            } else {
-                //we don't want to add full or even minimum default where conditions from this model, so just continue
-                continue;
-            }
-            $overrides = $this->_override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
-                $related_model_universal_where_params,
-                $where_query_params,
-                $related_model,
-                $model_relation_path
-            );
-            $universal_query_params = EEH_Array::merge_arrays_and_overwrite_keys(
-                $universal_query_params,
-                $overrides
-            );
-        }
-        return $universal_query_params;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines whether or not we should use default where conditions for the model in question
-     * (this model, or other related models).
-     * Basically, we should use default where conditions on this model if they have requested to use them on all models,
-     * this model only, or to use minimum where conditions on all other models and normal where conditions on this one.
-     * We should use default where conditions on related models when they requested to use default where conditions
-     * on all models, or specifically just on other related models
-     * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
-     * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _should_use_default_where_conditions( $default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true )
-    {
-        return (
-                   $for_this_model
-                   && in_array(
-                       $default_where_conditions_value,
-                       array(
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-                       ),
-                       true
-                   )
-               )
-               || (
-                   ! $for_this_model
-                   && in_array(
-                       $default_where_conditions_value,
-                       array(
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
-                       ),
-                       true
-                   )
-               );
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Determines whether or not we should use default minimum conditions for the model in question
-     * (this model, or other related models).
-     * Basically, we should use minimum where conditions on this model only if they requested all models to use minimum
-     * where conditions.
-     * We should use minimum where conditions on related models if they requested to use minimum where conditions
-     * on this model or others
-     * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
-     * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _should_use_minimum_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
-    {
-        return (
-                   $for_this_model
-                   && $default_where_conditions_value === EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all
-               )
-               || (
-                   ! $for_this_model
-                   && in_array(
-                       $default_where_conditions_value,
-                       array(
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-                           EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
-                       ),
-                       true
-                   )
-               );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if any of the defaults have been overridden. If there are any that AREN'T overridden,
-     * then we also add a special where condition which allows for that model's primary key
-     * to be null (which is important for JOINs. Eg, if you want to see all Events ordered by Venue's name,
-     * then Event's with NO Venue won't appear unless you allow VNU_ID to be NULL)
-     *
-     * @param array    $default_where_conditions
-     * @param array    $provided_where_conditions
-     * @param EEM_Base $model
-     * @param string   $model_relation_path like 'Transaction.Payment.'
-     * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
-        $default_where_conditions,
-        $provided_where_conditions,
-        $model,
-        $model_relation_path
-    ) {
-        $null_friendly_where_conditions = array();
-        $none_overridden = true;
-        $or_condition_key_for_defaults = 'OR*' . get_class($model);
-        foreach ($default_where_conditions as $key => $val) {
-            if (isset($provided_where_conditions[$key])) {
-                $none_overridden = false;
-            } else {
-                $null_friendly_where_conditions[$or_condition_key_for_defaults]['AND'][$key] = $val;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($none_overridden && $default_where_conditions) {
-            if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-                $null_friendly_where_conditions[$or_condition_key_for_defaults][$model_relation_path
-                                                                                . "."
-                                                                                . $model->primary_key_name()] = array('IS NULL');
-            }/*else{
+	//admin posty
+	//basic -> grants access to mine -> if they don't have it, select none
+	//*_others -> grants access to others that aren't private, and all mine -> if they don't have it, select mine
+	//*_private -> grants full access -> if dont have it, select all mine and others' non-private
+	//*_published -> grants access to published -> if they dont have it, select non-published
+	//*_global/default/system -> grants access to global items -> if they don't have it, select non-global
+	//publish_{thing} -> can change status TO publish; SPECIAL CASE
+	//frontend posty
+	//by default has access to published
+	//basic -> grants access to mine that aren't published, and all published
+	//*_others ->grants access to others that aren't private, all mine
+	//*_private -> grants full access
+	//frontend non-posty
+	//like admin posty
+	//category-y
+	//assign -> grants access to join-table
+	//(delete, edit)
+	//payment-method-y
+	//for each registered payment method,
+	//ee_payment_method_{pmttype} -> if they don't have it, select all where they aren't of that type
+	/**
+	 * Flag to indicate whether the values provided to EEM_Base have already been prepared
+	 * by the model object or not (ie, the model object has used the field's _prepare_for_set function on the values).
+	 * They almost always WILL NOT, but it's not necessarily a requirement.
+	 * For example, if you want to run EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array(array('EVT_ID'=>$_GET['event_id'])));
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	private $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
+	 * the data is just like form input that needs to have the model fields'
+	 * prepare_for_set and prepare_for_use_in_db called on it
+	 */
+	const not_prepared_by_model_object = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we
+	 * assume this value is coming from a model object and doesn't need to have
+	 * prepare_for_set called on it, just prepare_for_use_in_db is used
+	 */
+	const prepared_by_model_object = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * when $_values_already_prepared_by_model_object equals this, we assume
+	 * the values are already to be used in the database (ie no processing is done
+	 * on them by the model's fields)
+	 */
+	const prepared_for_use_in_db = 2;
+
+
+	protected $singular_item = 'Item';
+
+	protected $plural_item   = 'Items';
+
+	/**
+	 * @type \EE_Table_Base[] $_tables array of EE_Table objects for defining which tables comprise this model.
+	 */
+	protected $_tables;
+
+	/**
+	 * with two levels: top-level has array keys which are database table aliases (ie, keys in _tables)
+	 * and the value is an array. Each of those sub-arrays have keys of field names (eg 'ATT_ID', which should also be
+	 * variable names on the model objects (eg, EE_Attendee), and the keys should be children of EE_Model_Field
+	 *
+	 * @var \EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
+	 */
+	protected $_fields;
+
+	/**
+	 * array of different kinds of relations
+	 *
+	 * @var \EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var \EE_Index[] $_indexes
+	 */
+	protected $_indexes = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Default strategy for getting where conditions on this model. This strategy is used to get default
+	 * where conditions which are added to get_all, update, and delete queries. They can be overridden
+	 * by setting the same columns as used in these queries in the query yourself.
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
+	 */
+	protected $_default_where_conditions_strategy;
+
+	/**
+	 * Strategy for getting conditions on this model when 'default_where_conditions' equals 'minimum'.
+	 * This is particularly useful when you want something between 'none' and 'default'
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Default_Where_Conditions
+	 */
+	protected $_minimum_where_conditions_strategy;
+
+	/**
+	 * String describing how to find the "owner" of this model's objects.
+	 * When there is a foreign key on this model to the wp_users table, this isn't needed.
+	 * But when there isn't, this indicates which related model, or transiently-related model,
+	 * has the foreign key to the wp_users table.
+	 * Eg, for EEM_Registration this would be 'Event' because registrations are directly
+	 * related to events, and events have a foreign key to wp_users.
+	 * On EEM_Transaction, this would be 'Transaction.Event'
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a flag typically set by updates so that we don't load the where strategy on updates because updates
+	 * don't need it (particularly CPT models)
+	 *
+	 * @var bool
+	 */
+	protected $_ignore_where_strategy = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * String used in caps relating to this model. Eg, if the caps relating to this
+	 * model are 'ee_edit_events', 'ee_read_events', etc, it would be 'events'.
+	 *
+	 * @var string. If null it hasn't been initialized yet. If false then we
+	 * have indicated capabilities don't apply to this
+	 */
+	protected $_caps_slug = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * 2d array where top-level keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(),
+	 * and next-level keys are capability names, and each's value is a
+	 * EE_Default_Where_Condition. If the requester requests to apply caps to the query,
+	 * they specify which context to use (ie, frontend, backend, edit or delete)
+	 * and then each capability in the corresponding sub-array that they're missing
+	 * adds the where conditions onto the query.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cap_restrictions = array(
+		self::caps_read       => array(),
+		self::caps_read_admin => array(),
+		self::caps_edit       => array(),
+		self::caps_delete     => array(),
+	);
+
+	/**
+	 * Array defining which cap restriction generators to use to create default
+	 * cap restrictions to put in EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions.
+	 * Array-keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are a child of
+	 * EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. If you don't want any cap restrictions generated
+	 * automatically set this to false (not just null).
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Restriction_Generator_Base[]
+	 */
+	protected $_cap_restriction_generators = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * constants used to categorize capability restrictions on EEM_Base::_caps_restrictions
+	 */
+	const caps_read       = 'read';
+
+	const caps_read_admin = 'read_admin';
+
+	const caps_edit       = 'edit';
+
+	const caps_delete     = 'delete';
+
+	/**
+	 * Keys are all the cap contexts (ie constants EEM_Base::_caps_*) and values are their 'action'
+	 * as how they'd be used in capability names. Eg EEM_Base::caps_read ('read_frontend')
+	 * maps to 'read' because when looking for relevant permissions we're going to use
+	 * 'read' in teh capabilities names like 'ee_read_events' etc.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map = array(
+		self::caps_read       => 'read',
+		self::caps_read_admin => 'read',
+		self::caps_edit       => 'edit',
+		self::caps_delete     => 'delete',
+	);
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set via the constructor so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in when there
+	 * are EE_Datetime_Fields in use.  This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming
+	 * out of the created objects.  NOT all EEM_Base child classes use this property but any that use a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field data type will have access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This holds the id of the blog currently making the query.  Has no bearing on single site but is used for
+	 * multisite.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $_model_query_blog_id;
+
+	/**
+	 * A copy of _fields, except the array keys are the model names pointed to by
+	 * the field
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	private $_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Cached list of all the fields on the model, indexed by their name
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	private $_cached_fields = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Cached list of all the fields on the model, except those that are
+	 * marked as only pertinent to the database
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	private $_cached_fields_non_db_only = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * A cached reference to the primary key for quick lookup
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 */
+	private $_primary_key_field = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Flag indicating whether this model has a primary key or not
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_has_primary_key_field = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether or not this model is based off a table in WP core only (CPTs should set
+	 * this to FALSE, but if we were to make an EE_WP_Post model, it should set this to true).
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean
+	 */
+	protected $_wp_core_model = false;
+
+	/**
+	 *    List of valid operators that can be used for querying.
+	 * The keys are all operators we'll accept, the values are the real SQL
+	 * operators used
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_valid_operators = array(
+		'='           => '=',
+		'<='          => '<=',
+		'<'           => '<',
+		'>='          => '>=',
+		'>'           => '>',
+		'!='          => '!=',
+		'LIKE'        => 'LIKE',
+		'like'        => 'LIKE',
+		'NOT_LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'not_like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'NOT LIKE'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'not like'    => 'NOT LIKE',
+		'IN'          => 'IN',
+		'in'          => 'IN',
+		'NOT_IN'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'not_in'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'NOT IN'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'not in'      => 'NOT IN',
+		'between'     => 'BETWEEN',
+		'BETWEEN'     => 'BETWEEN',
+		'IS_NOT_NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'is_not_null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'IS NOT NULL' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'is not null' => 'IS NOT NULL',
+		'IS_NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'is_null'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'IS NULL'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'is null'     => 'IS NULL',
+		'REGEXP'      => 'REGEXP',
+		'regexp'      => 'REGEXP',
+		'NOT_REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+		'not_regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+		'NOT REGEXP'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+		'not regexp'  => 'NOT REGEXP',
+	);
+
+	/**
+	 * operators that work like 'IN', accepting a comma-separated list of values inside brackets. Eg '(1,2,3)'
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_in_style_operators = array('IN', 'NOT IN');
+
+	/**
+	 * operators that work like 'BETWEEN'.  Typically used for datetime calculations, i.e. "BETWEEN '12-1-2011' AND
+	 * '12-31-2012'"
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_between_style_operators = array('BETWEEN');
+
+	/**
+	 * operators that are used for handling NUll and !NULL queries.  Typically used for when checking if a row exists
+	 * on a join table.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_null_style_operators = array('IS NOT NULL', 'IS NULL');
+
+	/**
+	 * Allowed values for $query_params['order'] for ordering in queries
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_allowed_order_values = array('asc', 'desc', 'ASC', 'DESC');
+
+	/**
+	 * When these are keys in a WHERE or HAVING clause, they are handled much differently
+	 * than regular field names. It is assumed that their values are an array of WHERE conditions
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $_logic_query_param_keys = array('not', 'and', 'or', 'NOT', 'AND', 'OR');
+
+	/**
+	 * Allowed keys in $query_params arrays passed into queries. Note that 0 is meant to always be a
+	 * 'where', but 'where' clauses are so common that we thought we'd omit it
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $_allowed_query_params = array(
+		0,
+		'limit',
+		'order_by',
+		'group_by',
+		'having',
+		'force_join',
+		'order',
+		'on_join_limit',
+		'default_where_conditions',
+		'caps',
+	);
+
+	/**
+	 * All the data types that can be used in $wpdb->prepare statements.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	private $_valid_wpdb_data_types = array('%d', '%s', '%f');
+
+	/**
+	 *    EE_Registry Object
+	 *
+	 * @var    object
+	 * @access    protected
+	 */
+	protected $EE = null;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Property which, when set, will have this model echo out the next X queries to the page for debugging.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected $_show_next_x_db_queries = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * When using _get_all_wpdb_results, you can specify a custom selection. If you do so,
+	 * it gets saved on this property so those selections can be used in WHERE, GROUP_BY, etc.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_custom_selections = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * key => value Entity Map using  array( EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id => array( ID => model object ) )
+	 * caches every model object we've fetched from the DB on this request
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_entity_map;
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used to show EEM_Base has not yet verified the db on this http request
+	 */
+	const db_verified_none = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the EE core db on this http request,
+	 * but not the addons' dbs
+	 */
+	const db_verified_core = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used to show EEM_Base has verified the addons' dbs (and implicitly
+	 * the EE core db too)
+	 */
+	const db_verified_addons = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * indicates whether an EEM_Base child has already re-verified the DB
+	 * is ok (we don't want to do it repetitively). Should be set to one the constants
+	 * looking like EEM_Base::db_verified_*
+	 *
+	 * @var int - 0 = none, 1 = core, 2 = addons
+	 */
+	protected static $_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_none;
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to ALL queried models
+	 *        (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will only return non-trashed
+	 *        registrations for non-trashed tickets for non-trashed datetimes)
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_all = 'all';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to THIS model only, but
+	 *        no other models which are joined to (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
+	 *        return non-trashed registrations, regardless of the related datetimes and tickets' statuses).
+	 *        It is preferred to use EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others because, when joining to
+	 *        models which share tables with other models, this can return data for the wrong model.
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_this_only = 'this_model_only';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply default where conditions to other models queried,
+	 *        but not the current model (eg, if retrieving registrations ordered by their datetimes, this will
+	 *        return all registrations related to non-trashed tickets and non-trashed datetimes)
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_others_only = 'other_models_only';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply minimum where conditions to all models queried.
+	 *        For most models this the same as EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none, except for models which share
+	 *        their table with other models, like the Event and Venue models. For example, when querying for events
+	 *        ordered by their venues' name, this will be sure to only return real events with associated real venues
+	 *        (regardless of whether those events and venues are trashed)
+	 *        In contrast, using EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none would could return WP posts other than EE
+	 *        events.
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_minimum_all = 'minimum';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to apply apply where conditions to other models, and full default
+	 *        where conditions for the queried model (eg, when querying events ordered by venues' names, this will
+	 *        return non-trashed events for any venues, regardless of whether those associated venues are trashed or
+	 *        not)
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_minimum_others = 'full_this_minimum_others';
+
+	/**
+	 * @const constant for 'default_where_conditions' to NOT apply any where conditions. This should very rarely be
+	 *        used, because when querying from a model which shares its table with another model (eg Events and Venues)
+	 *        it's possible it will return table entries for other models. You should use
+	 *        EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all instead.
+	 */
+	const default_where_conditions_none = 'none';
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * About all child constructors:
+	 * they should define the _tables, _fields and _model_relations arrays.
+	 * Should ALWAYS be called after child constructor.
+	 * In order to make the child constructors to be as simple as possible, this parent constructor
+	 * finalizes constructing all the object's attributes.
+	 * Generally, rather than requiring a child to code
+	 * $this->_tables = array(
+	 *        'Event_Post_Table' => new EE_Table('Event_Post_Table','wp_posts')
+	 *        ...);
+	 *  (thus repeating itself in the array key and in the constructor of the new EE_Table,)
+	 * each EE_Table has a function to set the table's alias after the constructor, using
+	 * the array key ('Event_Post_Table'), instead of repeating it. The model fields and model relations
+	 * do something similar.
+	 *
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($timezone = null)
+	{
+		// check that the model has not been loaded too soon
+		if (! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
+			throw new EE_Error (
+				sprintf(
+					__('The %1$s model can not be loaded before the "AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons" hook has been called. This gives other addons a chance to extend this model.',
+						'event_espresso'),
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Set blogid for models to current blog. However we ONLY do this if $_model_query_blog_id is not already set.
+		 */
+		if (empty(EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id)) {
+			EEM_Base::set_model_query_blog_id();
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filters the list of tables on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead
+		 * just use EE_Register_Model_Extension
+		 *
+		 * @var EE_Table_Base[] $_tables
+		 */
+		$this->_tables = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
+			/** @var $table_obj EE_Table_Base */
+			$table_obj->_construct_finalize_with_alias($table_alias);
+			if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+				/** @var $table_obj EE_Secondary_Table */
+				$table_obj->_construct_finalize_set_table_to_join_with($this->_get_main_table());
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filters the list of fields on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
+		 * EE_Register_Model_Extension
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
+		 */
+		$this->_fields = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
+		$this->_invalidate_field_caches();
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $table_alias => $fields_for_table) {
+			if (! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Table alias %s does not exist in EEM_Base child's _tables array. Only tables defined are %s",
+					'event_espresso'), $table_alias, implode(",", $this->_fields)));
+			}
+			foreach ($fields_for_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+				/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base | EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base */
+				//primary key field base has a slightly different _construct_finalize
+				/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
+				$field_obj->_construct_finalize($table_alias, $field_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
+			}
+		}
+		// everything is related to Extra_Meta
+		if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Extra_Meta') {
+			//make extra meta related to everything, but don't block deleting things just
+			//because they have related extra meta info. For now just orphan those extra meta
+			//in the future we should automatically delete them
+			$this->_model_relations['Extra_Meta'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
+		}
+		//and change logs
+		if (get_class($this) !== 'EEM_Change_Log') {
+			$this->_model_relations['Change_Log'] = new EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation(false);
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Filters the list of relations on a model. It is best to NOT use this directly and instead just use
+		 * EE_Register_Model_Extension
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
+		 */
+		$this->_model_relations = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__model_relations',
+			$this->_model_relations);
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
+			/** @var $relation_obj EE_Model_Relation_Base */
+			$relation_obj->_construct_finalize_set_models($this->get_this_model_name(), $model_name);
+		}
+		foreach ($this->_indexes as $index_name => $index_obj) {
+			/** @var $index_obj EE_Index */
+			$index_obj->_construct_finalize($index_name, $this->get_this_model_name());
+		}
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		//finalize default where condition strategy, or set default
+		if (! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
+			//nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
+			$this->_default_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
+		}
+		$this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
+		if (! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
+			//nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
+			$this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
+		}
+		$this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
+		//if the cap slug hasn't been set, and we haven't set it to false on purpose
+		//to indicate to NOT set it, set it to the logical default
+		if ($this->_caps_slug === null) {
+			$this->_caps_slug = EEH_Inflector::pluralize_and_lower($this->get_this_model_name());
+		}
+		//initialize the standard cap restriction generators if none were specified by the child constructor
+		if ($this->_cap_restriction_generators !== false) {
+			foreach ($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() as $cap_context => $action) {
+				if (! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context])) {
+					$this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context] = apply_filters(
+						'FHEE__EEM_Base___construct__standard_cap_restriction_generator',
+						new EE_Restriction_Generator_Protected(),
+						$cap_context,
+						$this
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//if there are cap restriction generators, use them to make the default cap restrictions
+		if ($this->_cap_restriction_generators !== false) {
+			foreach ($this->_cap_restriction_generators as $context => $generator_object) {
+				if (! $generator_object) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							__('Index "%1$s" in the model %2$s\'s _cap_restriction_generators is not a child of EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. It should be that or NULL.',
+								'event_espresso'),
+							$context,
+							$this->get_this_model_name()
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$action = $this->cap_action_for_context($context);
+				if (! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
+					$generator_object->_construct_finalize($this, $action);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__end');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generates the cap restrictions for the given context, or if they were
+	 * already generated just gets what's cached
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts()
+	 * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[]
+	 */
+	protected function _generate_cap_restrictions($context)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context])
+			&& $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]
+			   instanceof
+			   EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
+		) {
+			return $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->generate_restrictions();
+		} else {
+			return array();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to set the $_model_query_blog_id static property.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $blog_id  If provided then will set the blog_id for the models to this id.  If not provided then the
+	 *                      value for get_current_blog_id() will be used.
+	 */
+	public static function set_model_query_blog_id($blog_id = 0)
+	{
+		EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id = $blog_id > 0 ? (int)$blog_id : get_current_blog_id();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whatever is set as the internal $model_query_blog_id.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public static function get_model_query_blog_id()
+	{
+		return EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This function is a singleton method used to instantiate the Espresso_model object
+	 *
+	 * @param string            $timezone string representing the timezone we want to set for returned Date Time Strings
+	 *                                    (and any incoming timezone data that gets saved).
+	 *                                    Note this just sends the timezone info to the date time model field objects.
+	 *                                    Default is NULL
+	 *                                    (and will be assumed using the set timezone in the 'timezone_string' wp option)
+	 * @param ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory
+	 * @return static (as in the concrete child class)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function instance($timezone = null, ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory = null)
+	{
+		// check if instance of Espresso_model already exists
+		if (! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
+			$model_field_factory = self::getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory);
+			// instantiate Espresso_model
+			static::$_instance = new static($timezone, $model_field_factory);
+		}
+		//we might have a timezone set, let set_timezone decide what to do with it
+		static::$_instance->set_timezone($timezone);
+		// Espresso_model object
+		return static::$_instance;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $model_field_factory
+	 * @return ModelFieldFactory
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	private static function getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory)
+	{
+		return $model_field_factory instanceof ModelFieldFactory
+			? $model_field_factory
+			: LoaderFactory::getLoader()->load('EventEspresso\core\services\database\ModelFieldFactory');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * resets the model and returns it
+	 *
+	 * @param null | string          $timezone
+	 * @param ModelFieldFactory|null $model_field_factory
+	 * @return EEM_Base|null (if the model was already instantiated, returns it, with
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * all its properties reset; if it wasn't instantiated, returns null)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public static function reset($timezone = null, ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory = null)
+	{
+		if (static::$_instance instanceof EEM_Base) {
+			//let's try to NOT swap out the current instance for a new one
+			//because if someone has a reference to it, we can't remove their reference
+			//so it's best to keep using the same reference, but change the original object
+			//reset all its properties to their original values as defined in the class
+			$r = new ReflectionClass(get_class(static::$_instance));
+			$static_properties = $r->getStaticProperties();
+			foreach ($r->getDefaultProperties() as $property => $value) {
+				//don't set instance to null like it was originally,
+				//but it's static anyways, and we're ignoring static properties (for now at least)
+				if (! isset($static_properties[$property])) {
+					static::$_instance->{$property} = $value;
+				}
+			}
+			//and then directly call its constructor again, like we would if we were creating a new one
+			$model_field_factory = self::getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory);
+			static::$_instance->__construct($timezone, $model_field_factory);
+			return self::instance();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * retrieve the status details from esp_status table as an array IF this model has the status table as a relation.
+	 *
+	 * @param  boolean $translated return localized strings or JUST the array.
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status_array($translated = false)
+	{
+		if (! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		$model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
+		$status_type = str_replace(' ', '_', strtolower(str_replace('_', ' ', $model_name)));
+		$stati = EEM_Status::instance()->get_all(array(array('STS_type' => $status_type)));
+		$status_array = array();
+		foreach ($stati as $status) {
+			$status_array[$status->ID()] = $status->get('STS_code');
+		}
+		return $translated
+			? EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status($status_array, false, 'sentence')
+			: $status_array;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the EE_Base_Class objects which match the $query_params, by querying the DB.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params             {
+	 * @var array $0 (where) array {
+	 *                                        eg: array('QST_display_text'=>'Are you bob?','QST_admin_text'=>'Determine
+	 *                                        if user is bob') becomes SQL >> "...WHERE QST_display_text = 'Are you
+	 *                                        bob?' AND QST_admin_text = 'Determine if user is bob'...") To add WHERE
+	 *                                        conditions based on related models (and even
+	 *                                        models-related-to-related-models) prepend the model's name onto the field
+	 *                                        name. Eg,
+	 *                                        EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array(array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>12))); becomes
+	 *                                        SQL >> "SELECT * FROM wp_posts AS Event_CPT LEFT JOIN wp_esp_event_meta
+	 *                                        AS Event_Meta ON Event_CPT.ID = Event_Meta.EVT_ID LEFT JOIN
+	 *                                        wp_esp_event_venue AS Event_Venue ON Event_Venue.EVT_ID=Event_CPT.ID LEFT
+	 *                                        JOIN wp_posts AS Venue_CPT ON Venue_CPT.ID=Event_Venue.VNU_ID LEFT JOIN
+	 *                                        wp_esp_venue_meta AS Venue_Meta ON Venue_CPT.ID = Venue_Meta.VNU_ID WHERE
+	 *                                        Venue_CPT.ID = 12 Notice that automatically took care of joining Events
+	 *                                        to Venues (even when each of those models actually consisted of two
+	 *                                        tables). Also, you may chain the model relations together. Eg instead of
+	 *                                        just having
+	 *                                        "Venue.VNU_ID", you could have
+	 *                                        "Registration.Attendee.ATT_ID" as a field on a query for events (because
+	 *                                        events are related to Registrations, which are related to Attendees). You
+	 *                                        can take it even further with
+	 *                                        "Registration.Transaction.Payment.PAY_amount" etc. To change the operator
+	 *                                        (from the default of '='), change the value to an numerically-indexed
+	 *                                        array, where the first item in the list is the operator. eg: array(
+	 *                                        'QST_display_text' => array('LIKE','%bob%'), 'QST_ID' => array('<',34),
+	 *                                        'QST_wp_user' => array('in',array(1,2,7,23))) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE
+	 *                                        QST_display_text LIKE '%bob%' AND QST_ID < 34 AND QST_wp_user IN
+	 *                                        (1,2,7,23)...". Valid operators so far: =, !=, <, <=, >, >=, LIKE, NOT
+	 *                                        LIKE, IN (followed by numeric-indexed array), NOT IN (dido), BETWEEN
+	 *                                        (followed by an array with exactly 2 date strings), IS NULL, and IS NOT
+	 *                                        NULL Values can be a string, int, or float. They can also be arrays IFF
+	 *                                        the operator is IN. Also, values can actually be field names. To indicate
+	 *                                        the value is a field, simply provide a third array item (true) to the
+	 *                                        operator-value array like so: eg: array( 'DTT_reg_limit' => array('>',
+	 *                                        'DTT_sold', TRUE) ) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE DTT_reg_limit > DTT_sold"
+	 *                                        Note: you can also use related model field names like you would any other
+	 *                                        field name. eg:
+	 *                                        array('Datetime.DTT_reg_limit'=>array('=','Datetime.DTT_sold',TRUE) could
+	 *                                        be used if you were querying EEM_Tickets (because Datetime is directly related to tickets) Also, by default all the where conditions are AND'd together. To override this, add an array key 'OR' (or 'AND') and the array to be OR'd together eg: array('OR'=>array('TXN_ID' => 23 , 'TXN_timestamp__>' =>
+	 *                                        345678912)) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE TXN_ID = 23 OR TXN_timestamp =
+	 *                                        345678912...". Also, to negate an entire set of conditions, use 'NOT' as
+	 *                                        an array key. eg: array('NOT'=>array('TXN_total' =>
+	 *                                        50, 'TXN_paid'=>23) becomes SQL >> "...where ! (TXN_total =50 AND
+	 *                                        TXN_paid =23) Note: the 'glue' used to join each condition will continue
+	 *                                        to be what you last specified. IE, "AND"s by default, but if you had
+	 *                                        previously specified to use ORs to join, ORs will continue to be used.
+	 *                                        So, if you specify to use an "OR" to join conditions, it will continue to
+	 *                                        "stick" until you specify an AND. eg
+	 *                                        array('OR'=>array('NOT'=>array('TXN_total' => 50,
+	 *                                        'TXN_paid'=>23)),AND=>array('TXN_ID'=>1,'STS_ID'=>'TIN') becomes SQL >>
+	 *                                        "...where ! (TXN_total =50 OR TXN_paid =23) AND TXN_ID=1 AND
+	 *                                        STS_ID='TIN'" They can be nested indefinitely. eg:
+	 *                                        array('OR'=>array('TXN_total' => 23, 'NOT'=> array( 'TXN_timestamp'=> 345678912, 'AND'=>array('TXN_paid' => 53, 'STS_ID' => 'TIN')))) becomes SQL >> "...WHERE TXN_total = 23 OR ! (TXN_timestamp = 345678912 OR (TXN_paid = 53 AND STS_ID = 'TIN'))..." GOTCHA: because this is an array, array keys must be unique, making it impossible to place two or more where conditions applying to the same field. eg: array('PAY_timestamp'=>array('>',$start_date),'PAY_timestamp'=>array('<',$end_date),'PAY_timestamp'=>array('!=',$special_date)), as PHP enforces that the array keys must be unique, thus removing the first two array entries with key 'PAY_timestamp'. becomes SQL >> "PAY_timestamp !=  4234232", ignoring the first two PAY_timestamp conditions). To overcome this, you can add a '*' character to the end of the field's name, followed by anything. These will be removed when generating the SQL string, but allow for the array keys to be unique. eg: you could rewrite the previous query as: array('PAY_timestamp'=>array('>',$start_date),'PAY_timestamp*1st'=>array('<',$end_date),'PAY_timestamp*2nd'=>array('!=',$special_date)) which correctly becomes SQL >>
+	 *                                        "PAY_timestamp > 123412341 AND PAY_timestamp < 2354235235234 AND
+	 *                                        PAY_timestamp != 1241234123" This can be applied to condition operators
+	 *                                        too, eg:
+	 *                                        array('OR'=>array('REG_ID'=>3,'Transaction.TXN_ID'=>23),'OR*whatever'=>array('Attendee.ATT_fname'=>'bob','Attendee.ATT_lname'=>'wilson')));
+	 * @var mixed   $limit                    int|array    adds a limit to the query just like the SQL limit clause, so
+	 *                                        limits of "23", "25,50", and array(23,42) are all valid would become SQL
+	 *                                        "...LIMIT 23", "...LIMIT 25,50", and "...LIMIT 23,42" respectively.
+	 *                                        Remember when you provide two numbers for the limit, the 1st number is
+	 *                                        the OFFSET, the 2nd is the LIMIT
+	 * @var array   $on_join_limit            allows the setting of a special select join with a internal limit so you
+	 *                                        can do paging on one-to-many multi-table-joins. Send an array in the
+	 *                                        following format array('on_join_limit'
+	 *                                        => array( 'table_alias', array(1,2) ) ).
+	 * @var mixed   $order_by                 name of a column to order by, or an array where keys are field names and
+	 *                                        values are either 'ASC' or 'DESC'.
+	 *                                        'limit'=>array('STS_ID'=>'ASC','REG_date'=>'DESC'), which would becomes
+	 *                                        SQL "...ORDER BY TXN_timestamp..." and "...ORDER BY STS_ID ASC, REG_date
+	 *                                        DESC..." respectively. Like the
+	 *                                        'where' conditions, these fields can be on related models. Eg
+	 *                                        'order_by'=>array('Registration.Transaction.TXN_amount'=>'ASC') is
+	 *                                        perfectly valid from any model related to 'Registration' (like Event,
+	 *                                        Attendee, Price, Datetime, etc.)
+	 * @var string  $order                    If 'order_by' is used and its value is a string (NOT an array), then
+	 *                                        'order' specifies whether to order the field specified in 'order_by' in
+	 *                                        ascending or descending order. Acceptable values are 'ASC' or 'DESC'. If,
+	 *                                        'order_by' isn't used, but 'order' is, then it is assumed you want to
+	 *                                        order by the primary key. Eg,
+	 *                                        EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(array('order_by'=>'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start','order'=>'ASC');
+	 *                                        //(will join with the Datetime model's table(s) and order by its field
+	 *                                        DTT_EVT_start) or
+	 *                                        EEM_Registration::instance()->get_all(array('order'=>'ASC'));//will make
+	 *                                        SQL "SELECT * FROM wp_esp_registration ORDER BY REG_ID ASC"
+	 * @var mixed   $group_by                 name of field to order by, or an array of fields. Eg either
+	 *                                        'group_by'=>'VNU_ID', or
+	 *                                        'group_by'=>array('EVT_name','Registration.Transaction.TXN_total') Note:
+	 *                                        if no
+	 *                                        $group_by is specified, and a limit is set, automatically groups by the
+	 *                                        model's primary key (or combined primary keys). This avoids some
+	 *                                        weirdness that results when using limits, tons of joins, and no group by,
+	 *                                        see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/9389
+	 * @var array   $having                   exactly like WHERE parameters array, except these conditions apply to the
+	 *                                        grouped results (whereas WHERE conditions apply to the pre-grouped
+	 *                                        results)
+	 * @var array   $force_join               forces a join with the models named. Should be a numerically-indexed
+	 *                                        array where values are models to be joined in the query.Eg
+	 *                                        array('Attendee','Payment','Datetime'). You may join with transient
+	 *                                        models using period, eg "Registration.Transaction.Payment". You will
+	 *                                        probably only want to do this in hopes of increasing efficiency, as
+	 *                                        related models which belongs to the current model
+	 *                                        (ie, the current model has a foreign key to them, like how Registration
+	 *                                        belongs to Attendee) can be cached in order to avoid future queries
+	 * @var string  $default_where_conditions can be set to 'none', 'this_model_only', 'other_models_only', or 'all'.
+	 *                                        set this to 'none' to disable all default where conditions. Eg, usually
+	 *                                        soft-deleted objects are filtered-out if you want to include them, set
+	 *                                        this query param to 'none'. If you want to ONLY disable THIS model's
+	 *                                        default where conditions set it to 'other_models_only'. If you only want
+	 *                                        this model's default where conditions added to the query, use
+	 *                                        'this_model_only'. If you want to use all default where conditions
+	 *                                        (default), set to 'all'.
+	 * @var string  $caps                     controls what capability requirements to apply to the query; ie, should
+	 *                                        we just NOT apply any capabilities/permissions/restrictions and return
+	 *                                        everything? Or should we only show the current user items they should be
+	 *                                        able to view on the frontend, backend, edit, or delete? can be set to
+	 *                                        'none' (default), 'read_frontend', 'read_backend', 'edit' or 'delete'
+	 *                                        }
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]  *note that there is NO option to pass the output type. If you want results different
+	 *                                        from EE_Base_Class[], use _get_all_wpdb_results()and make it public
+	 *                                        again. Array keys are object IDs (if there is a primary key on the model.
+	 *                                        if not, numerically indexed) Some full examples: get 10 transactions
+	 *                                        which have Scottish attendees: EEM_Transaction::instance()->get_all(
+	 *                                        array( array(
+	 *                                        'OR'=>array(
+	 *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname'=>array('like','Mc%'),
+	 *                                        'Registration.Attendee.ATT_fname*other'=>array('like','Mac%')
+	 *                                        )
+	 *                                        ),
+	 *                                        'limit'=>10,
+	 *                                        'group_by'=>'TXN_ID'
+	 *                                        ));
+	 *                                        get all the answers to the question titled "shirt size" for event with id
+	 *                                        12, ordered by their answer EEM_Answer::instance()->get_all(array( array(
+	 *                                        'Question.QST_display_text'=>'shirt size',
+	 *                                        'Registration.Event.EVT_ID'=>12
+	 *                                        ),
+	 *                                        'order_by'=>array('ANS_value'=>'ASC')
+	 *                                        ));
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all($query_params = array())
+	{
+		if (isset($query_params['limit'])
+			&& ! isset($query_params['group_by'])
+		) {
+			$query_params['group_by'] = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+		}
+		return $this->_create_objects($this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A, null));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Modifies the query parameters so we only get back model objects
+	 * that "belong" to the current user
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 */
+	public function alter_query_params_to_only_include_mine($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$wp_user_field_name = $this->wp_user_field_name();
+		if ($wp_user_field_name) {
+			$query_params[0][$wp_user_field_name] = get_current_user_id();
+		}
+		return $query_params;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the name of the field's name that points to the WP_User table
+	 *  on this model (or follows the _model_chain_to_wp_user and uses that model's
+	 * foreign key to the WP_User table)
+	 *
+	 * @return string|boolean string on success, boolean false when there is no
+	 * foreign key to the WP_User table
+	 */
+	public function wp_user_field_name()
+	{
+		try {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
+				$models_to_follow_to_wp_users = explode('.', $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user);
+				$last_model_name = end($models_to_follow_to_wp_users);
+				$model_with_fk_to_wp_users = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_name);
+				$model_chain_to_wp_user = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user . '.';
+			} else {
+				$model_with_fk_to_wp_users = $this;
+				$model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
+			}
+			$wp_user_field = $model_with_fk_to_wp_users->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
+			return $model_chain_to_wp_user . $wp_user_field->get_name();
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the _model_chain_to_wp_user string, which indicates which related model
+	 * (or transiently-related model) has a foreign key to the wp_users table;
+	 * useful for finding if model objects of this type are 'owned' by the current user.
+	 * This is an empty string when the foreign key is on this model and when it isn't,
+	 * but is only non-empty when this model's ownership is indicated by a RELATED model
+	 * (or transiently-related model)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function model_chain_to_wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether this model is 'owned' by a specific wordpress user (even indirectly,
+	 * like how registrations don't have a foreign key to wp_users, but the
+	 * events they are for are), or is unrelated to wp users.
+	 * generally available
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_owned()
+	{
+		if ($this->model_chain_to_wp_user()) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		try {
+			$this->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
+			return true;
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used internally to get WPDB results, because other functions, besides get_all, may want to do some queries, but
+	 * may want to preserve the WPDB results (eg, update, which first queries to make sure we have all the tables on
+	 * the model)
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params      like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
+	 * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
+	 * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
+	 *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
+	 *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
+	 *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
+	 *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
+	 *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
+	 *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
+	 *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
+	 * @return array | stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = array(), $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		// remember the custom selections, if any, and type cast as array
+		// (unless $columns_to_select is an object, then just set as an empty array)
+		// Note: (array) 'some string' === array( 'some string' )
+		$this->_custom_selections = ! is_object($columns_to_select) ? (array)$columns_to_select : array();
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		$select_expressions = $columns_to_select !== null
+			? $this->_construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
+			: $this->_construct_default_select_sql($model_query_info);
+		$SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_results', array($SQL, $output));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array of rows from the database just like $wpdb->get_results would,
+	 * but you can use the $query_params like on EEM_Base::get_all() to more easily
+	 * take care of joins, field preparation etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params      like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
+	 * @param string $output            ARRAY_A, OBJECT_K, etc. Just like
+	 * @param mixed  $columns_to_select , What columns to select. By default, we select all columns specified by the
+	 *                                  fields on the model, and the models we joined to in the query. However, you can
+	 *                                  override this and set the select to "*", or a specific column name, like
+	 *                                  "ATT_ID", etc. If you would like to use these custom selections in WHERE,
+	 *                                  GROUP_BY, or HAVING clauses, you must instead provide an array. Array keys are
+	 *                                  the aliases used to refer to this selection, and values are to be
+	 *                                  numerically-indexed arrays, where 0 is the selection and 1 is the data type.
+	 *                                  Eg, array('count'=>array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%d'))
+	 * @return array|stdClass[] like results of $wpdb->get_results($sql,OBJECT), (ie, output type is OBJECT)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all_wpdb_results($query_params = array(), $output = ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, $output, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For creating a custom select statement
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $columns_to_select either a string to be inserted directly as the select statement,
+	 *                                 or an array where keys are aliases, and values are arrays where 0=>the selection
+	 *                                 SQL, and 1=>is the datatype
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
+	{
+		if (is_array($columns_to_select)) {
+			$select_sql_array = array();
+			foreach ($columns_to_select as $alias => $selection_and_datatype) {
+				if (! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							__(
+								"Custom selection %s (alias %s) needs to be an array like array('COUNT(REG_ID)','%%d')",
+								"event_espresso"
+							),
+							$selection_and_datatype,
+							$alias
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				if (! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							__(
+								"Datatype %s (for selection '%s' and alias '%s') is not a valid wpdb datatype (eg %%s)",
+								"event_espresso"
+							),
+							$selection_and_datatype[1],
+							$selection_and_datatype[0],
+							$alias,
+							implode(",", $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$select_sql_array[] = "{$selection_and_datatype[0]} AS $alias";
+			}
+			$columns_to_select_string = implode(", ", $select_sql_array);
+		} else {
+			$columns_to_select_string = $columns_to_select;
+		}
+		return $columns_to_select_string;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Convenient wrapper for getting the primary key field's name. Eg, on Registration, this would be 'REG_ID'
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function primary_key_name()
+	{
+		return $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given only its ID (or null if none is found).
+	 * If there is no primary key on this model, $id is treated as primary key string
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $id int or string, depending on the type of the model's primary key
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_by_ID($id)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_from_entity_map($id)) {
+			return $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return $this->get_one(
+			$this->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+				$id,
+				array('default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Alters query parameters to only get items with this ID are returned.
+	 * Takes into account that the ID might be a string produced by EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string(),
+	 * or could just be a simple primary key ID
+	 *
+	 * @param int   $id
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return array of normal query params, @see EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID($id, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if (! isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$query_params[0] = array();
+		}
+		$conditions_from_id = $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id);
+		if ($conditions_from_id === null) {
+			$query_params[0][$this->primary_key_name()] = $id;
+		} else {
+			//no primary key, so the $id must be from the get_index_primary_key_string()
+			$query_params[0] = array_replace_recursive($query_params[0], $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id));
+		}
+		return $query_params;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a single item for this model from the DB, given the $query_params. Only returns a single class, not an
+	 * array. If no item is found, null is returned.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base's $query_params variable.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class|NULL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_one($query_params = array())
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::get_one',
+				sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
+			$query_params = array();
+		}
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$items = $this->get_all($query_params);
+		if (empty($items)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return array_shift($items);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of items in sequence from the given value as
+	 * found in the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
+	 *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
+	 *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
+	 *                                      columns you want returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		return $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'>',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			$limit,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of items in sequence from the given value
+	 * as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit                  How many to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an array of
+	 *                                      EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
+	 *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the
+	 *                                      columns you want returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		return $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'<',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			$limit,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next item in sequence from the given value as found in the
+	 * database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
+	 *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
+	 *                                      can indicate just the columns you
+	 *                                      want and a single array indexed by
+	 *                                      the columns will be returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$results = $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'>',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			1,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+		return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous item in sequence from the given value as found in
+	 * the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $current_field_value    Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by      What field is used for the
+	 *                                      reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params           Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select      If left null, then an EE_Base_Class
+	 *                                      object is returned, otherwise you
+	 *                                      can indicate just the columns you
+	 *                                      want and a single array indexed by
+	 *                                      the columns will be returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|null|array()
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$results = $this->_get_consecutive(
+			$current_field_value,
+			'<',
+			$field_to_order_by,
+			1,
+			$query_params,
+			$columns_to_select
+		);
+		return empty($results) ? null : reset($results);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the a consecutive number of items in sequence from the given
+	 * value as found in the database matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $current_field_value   Value used for the reference point.
+	 * @param string $operand               What operand is used for the sequence.
+	 * @param string $field_to_order_by     What field is used for the reference point.
+	 * @param int    $limit                 How many to return.
+	 * @param array  $query_params          Extra conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null   $columns_to_select     If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned,
+	 *                                      otherwise you can indicate just the columns you want returned.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_consecutive(
+		$current_field_value,
+		$operand = '>',
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		//if $field_to_order_by is empty then let's assume we're ordering by the primary key.
+		if (empty($field_to_order_by)) {
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$field_to_order_by = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+			} else {
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					throw new EE_Error(__('EEM_Base::_get_consecutive() has been called with no $field_to_order_by argument and there is no primary key on the field.  Please provide the field you would like to use as the base for retrieving the next item(s).',
+						'event_espresso'));
+				}
+				EE_Error::add_error(__('There was an error with the query.', 'event_espresso'));
+				return array();
+			}
+		}
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::_get_consecutive',
+				sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
+			$query_params = array();
+		}
+		//let's add the where query param for consecutive look up.
+		$query_params[0][$field_to_order_by] = array($operand, $current_field_value);
+		$query_params['limit'] = $limit;
+		//set direction
+		$incoming_orderby = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array)$query_params['order_by'] : array();
+		$query_params['order_by'] = $operand === '>'
+			? array($field_to_order_by => 'ASC') + $incoming_orderby
+			: array($field_to_order_by => 'DESC') + $incoming_orderby;
+		//if $columns_to_select is empty then that means we're returning EE_Base_Class objects
+		if (empty($columns_to_select)) {
+			return $this->get_all($query_params);
+		}
+		//getting just the fields
+		return $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the _timezone property after model object has been instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @param null | string $timezone valid PHP DateTimeZone timezone string
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone)
+	{
+		if ($timezone !== null) {
+			$this->_timezone = $timezone;
+		}
+		//note we need to loop through relations and set the timezone on those objects as well.
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation) {
+			$relation->set_timezone($timezone);
+		}
+		//and finally we do the same for any datetime fields
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
+			if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field->set_timezone($timezone);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		//first validate if timezone is set.  If not, then let's set it be whatever is set on the model fields.
+		if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
+			foreach ($this->_fields as $field) {
+				if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+					$this->set_timezone($field->get_timezone());
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		//if timezone STILL empty then return the default timezone for the site.
+		if (empty($this->_timezone)) {
+			$this->set_timezone(EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone());
+		}
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the date formats set for the given field name and also ensures that
+	 * $this->_timezone property is set correctly.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6.x
+	 * @param string $field_name The name of the field the formats are being retrieved for.
+	 * @param bool   $pretty     Whether to return the pretty formats (true) or not (false).
+	 * @throws EE_Error   If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
+	 * @return array formats in an array with the date format first, and the time format last.
+	 */
+	public function get_formats_for($field_name, $pretty = false)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		//if not a valid EE_Datetime_Field then throw error
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('The field sent into EEM_Base::get_formats_for (%s) is not registered as a EE_Datetime_Field. Please check the spelling and make sure you are submitting the right field name to retrieve date_formats for.',
+				'event_espresso'), $field_name));
+		}
+		//while we are here, let's make sure the timezone internally in EEM_Base matches what is stored on
+		//the field.
+		$this->_timezone = $field_settings->get_timezone();
+		return array($field_settings->get_date_format($pretty), $field_settings->get_time_format($pretty));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current time in a format setup for a query on this model.
+	 * Usage of this method makes it easier to setup queries against EE_Datetime_Field columns because
+	 * it will return:
+	 *  - a formatted string in the timezone and format currently set on the EE_Datetime_Field for the given field for
+	 *  NOW
+	 *  - or a unix timestamp (equivalent to time())
+	 * Note: When requesting a formatted string, if the date or time format doesn't include seconds, for example,
+	 * the time returned, because it uses that format, will also NOT include seconds. For this reason, if you want
+	 * the time returned to be the current time down to the exact second, set $timestamp to true.
+	 * @since 4.6.x
+	 * @param string $field_name       The field the current time is needed for.
+	 * @param bool   $timestamp        True means to return a unix timestamp. Otherwise a
+	 *                                 formatted string matching the set format for the field in the set timezone will
+	 *                                 be returned.
+	 * @param string $what             Whether to return the string in just the time format, the date format, or both.
+	 * @throws EE_Error    If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type.
+	 * @return int|string  If the given field_name is not of the EE_Datetime_Field type, then an EE_Error
+	 *                                 exception is triggered.
+	 */
+	public function current_time_for_query($field_name, $timestamp = false, $what = 'both')
+	{
+		$formats = $this->get_formats_for($field_name);
+		$DateTime = new DateTime("now", new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+		if ($timestamp) {
+			return $DateTime->format('U');
+		}
+		//not returning timestamp, so return formatted string in timezone.
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'time' :
+				return $DateTime->format($formats[1]);
+				break;
+			case 'date' :
+				return $DateTime->format($formats[0]);
+				break;
+			default :
+				return $DateTime->format(implode(' ', $formats));
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This receives a time string for a given field and ensures that it is setup to match what the internal settings
+	 * for the model are.  Returns a DateTime object.
+	 * Note: a gotcha for when you send in unix timestamp.  Remember a unix timestamp is already timezone agnostic,
+	 * (functionally the equivalent of UTC+0).  So when you send it in, whatever timezone string you include is
+	 * ignored.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      The field being setup.
+	 * @param string $timestring      The date time string being used.
+	 * @param string $incoming_format The format for the time string.
+	 * @param string $timezone        By default, it is assumed the incoming time string is in timezone for
+	 *                                the blog.  If this is not the case, then it can be specified here.  If incoming
+	 *                                format is
+	 *                                'U', this is ignored.
+	 * @return DateTime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function convert_datetime_for_query($field_name, $timestring, $incoming_format, $timezone = '')
+	{
+		//just using this to ensure the timezone is set correctly internally
+		$this->get_formats_for($field_name);
+		//load EEH_DTT_Helper
+		$set_timezone = empty($timezone) ? EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone() : $timezone;
+		$incomingDateTime = date_create_from_format($incoming_format, $timestring, new DateTimeZone($set_timezone));
+		return \EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\DbSafeDateTime::createFromDateTime( $incomingDateTime->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone)) );
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tables comprising this model. Array keys are the table aliases, and values are EE_Table objects
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Table_Base[]
+	 */
+	public function get_tables()
+	{
+		return $this->_tables;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates all the database entries (in each table for this model) according to $fields_n_values and optionally
+	 * also updates all the model objects, where the criteria expressed in $query_params are met..
+	 * Also note: if this model has multiple tables, this update verifies all the secondary tables have an entry for
+	 * each row (in the primary table) we're trying to update; if not, it inserts an entry in the secondary table. Eg:
+	 * if our model has 2 tables: wp_posts (primary), and wp_esp_event (secondary). Let's say we are trying to update a
+	 * model object with EVT_ID = 1
+	 * (which means where wp_posts has ID = 1, because wp_posts.ID is the primary key's column), which exists, but
+	 * there is no entry in wp_esp_event for this entry in wp_posts. So, this update script will insert a row into
+	 * wp_esp_event, using any available parameters from $fields_n_values (eg, if "EVT_limit" => 40 is in
+	 * $fields_n_values, the new entry in wp_esp_event will set EVT_limit = 40, and use default for other columns which
+	 * are not specified)
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fields_n_values         keys are model fields (exactly like keys in EEM_Base::_fields, NOT db
+	 *                                         columns!), values are strings, ints, floats, and maybe arrays if they
+	 *                                         are to be serialized. Basically, the values are what you'd expect to be
+	 *                                         values on the model, NOT necessarily what's in the DB. For example, if
+	 *                                         we wanted to update only the TXN_details on any Transactions where its
+	 *                                         ID=34, we'd use this method as follows:
+	 *                                         EEM_Transaction::instance()->update(
+	 *                                         array('TXN_details'=>array('detail1'=>'monkey','detail2'=>'banana'),
+	 *                                         array(array('TXN_ID'=>34)));
+	 * @param array   $query_params            very much like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
+	 *                                         in client code into what's expected to be stored on each field. Eg,
+	 *                                         consider updating Question's QST_admin_label field is of type
+	 *                                         Simple_HTML. If you use this function to update that field to $new_value
+	 *                                         = (note replace 8's with appropriate opening and closing tags in the
+	 *                                         following example)"8script8alert('I hack all');8/script88b8boom
+	 *                                         baby8/b8", then if you set $values_already_prepared_by_model_object to
+	 *                                         TRUE, it is assumed that you've already called
+	 *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value), which removes the
+	 *                                         malicious javascript. However, if
+	 *                                         $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is left as FALSE, then
+	 *                                         EE_Simple_HTML_Field->prepare_for_set($new_value) will be called on it,
+	 *                                         and every other field, before insertion. We provide this parameter
+	 *                                         because model objects perform their prepare_for_set function on all
+	 *                                         their values, and so don't need to be called again (and in many cases,
+	 *                                         shouldn't be called again. Eg: if we escape HTML characters in the
+	 *                                         prepare_for_set method...)
+	 * @param boolean $keep_model_objs_in_sync if TRUE, makes sure we ALSO update model objects
+	 *                                         in this model's entity map according to $fields_n_values that match
+	 *                                         $query_params. This obviously has some overhead, so you can disable it
+	 *                                         by setting this to FALSE, but be aware that model objects being used
+	 *                                         could get out-of-sync with the database
+	 * @return int how many rows got updated or FALSE if something went wrong with the query (wp returns FALSE or num
+	 *                                         rows affected which *could* include 0 which DOES NOT mean the query was
+	 *                                         bad)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update($fields_n_values, $query_params, $keep_model_objs_in_sync = true)
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::update',
+				sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
+			$query_params = array();
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action called before a model update call has been made.
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
+		 * @param array    $query_params    @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__begin', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params);
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields about to be updated given the query parameters. You can provide the
+		 * $query_params to $this->get_all() to find exactly which records will be updated
+		 *
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values fields and their new values
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model           the model being queried
+		 * @param array    $query_params    see EEM_Base::get_all()
+		 */
+		$fields_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__update__fields_n_values', $fields_n_values, $this,
+			$query_params);
+		//need to verify that, for any entry we want to update, there are entries in each secondary table.
+		//to do that, for each table, verify that it's PK isn't null.
+		$tables = $this->get_tables();
+		//and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
+		//NOTE: we should make this code more efficient by NOT querying twice
+		//before the real update, but that needs to first go through ALPHA testing
+		//as it's dangerous. says Mike August 8 2014
+		//we want to make sure the default_where strategy is ignored
+		$this->_ignore_where_strategy = true;
+		$wpdb_select_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+		foreach ($wpdb_select_results as $wpdb_result) {
+			// type cast stdClass as array
+			$wpdb_result = (array)$wpdb_result;
+			//get the model object's PK, as we'll want this if we need to insert a row into secondary tables
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
+			} else {
+				//if there's no primary key, we basically can't support having a 2nd table on the model (we could but it would be lots of work)
+				$main_table_pk_value = null;
+			}
+			//if there are more than 1 tables, we'll want to verify that each table for this model has an entry in the other tables
+			//and if the other tables don't have a row for each table-to-be-updated, we'll insert one with whatever values available in the current update query
+			if (count($tables) > 1) {
+				//foreach matching row in the DB, ensure that each table's PK isn't null. If so, there must not be an entry
+				//in that table, and so we'll want to insert one
+				foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
+					$this_table_pk_column = $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
+					//if there is no private key for this table on the results, it means there's no entry
+					//in this table, right? so insert a row in the current table, using any fields available
+					if (! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
+						   && $wpdb_result[$this_table_pk_column])
+					) {
+						$success = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($table_obj, $fields_n_values,
+							$main_table_pk_value);
+						//if we died here, report the error
+						if (! $success) {
+							return false;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			//				//and now check that if we have cached any models by that ID on the model, that
+			//				//they also get updated properly
+			//				$model_object = $this->get_from_entity_map( $main_table_pk_value );
+			//				if( $model_object ){
+			//					foreach( $fields_n_values as $field => $value ){
+			//						$model_object->set($field, $value);
+			//let's make sure default_where strategy is followed now
+			$this->_ignore_where_strategy = false;
+		}
+		//if we want to keep model objects in sync, AND
+		//if this wasn't called from a model object (to update itself)
+		//then we want to make sure we keep all the existing
+		//model objects in sync with the db
+		if ($keep_model_objs_in_sync && ! $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$model_objs_affected_ids = $this->get_col($query_params);
+			} else {
+				//we need to select a bunch of columns and then combine them into the the "index primary key string"s
+				$models_affected_key_columns = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params, ARRAY_A);
+				$model_objs_affected_ids = array();
+				foreach ($models_affected_key_columns as $row) {
+					$combined_index_key = $this->get_index_primary_key_string($row);
+					$model_objs_affected_ids[$combined_index_key] = $combined_index_key;
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
+				//wait wait wait- if nothing was affected let's stop here
+				return 0;
+			}
+			foreach ($model_objs_affected_ids as $id) {
+				$model_obj_in_entity_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+				if ($model_obj_in_entity_map) {
+					foreach ($fields_n_values as $field => $new_value) {
+						$model_obj_in_entity_map->set($field, $new_value);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			//if there is a primary key on this model, we can now do a slight optimization
+			if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				//we already know what we want to update. So let's make the query simpler so it's a little more efficient
+				$query_params = array(
+					array($this->primary_key_name() => array('IN', $model_objs_affected_ids)),
+					'limit'                    => count($model_objs_affected_ids),
+					'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		$SQL = "UPDATE "
+			   . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
+			   . " SET "
+			   . $this->_construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
+			   . $model_query_info->get_where_sql();//note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
+		$rows_affected = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', array($SQL));
+		/**
+		 * Action called after a model update call has been made.
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values the updated fields and their new values
+		 * @param array    $query_params    @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+		 * @param int      $rows_affected
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__end', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params, $rows_affected);
+		return $rows_affected;//how many supposedly got updated
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Analogous to $wpdb->get_col, returns a 1-dimensional array where teh values
+	 * are teh values of the field specified (or by default the primary key field)
+	 * that matched the query params. Note that you should pass the name of the
+	 * model FIELD, not the database table's column name.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @param string $field_to_select
+	 * @return array just like $wpdb->get_col()
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_col($query_params = array(), $field_to_select = null)
+	{
+		if ($field_to_select) {
+			$field = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_select);
+		} elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+		} else {
+			//no primary key, just grab the first column
+			$field = reset($this->field_settings());
+		}
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		$select_expressions = $field->get_qualified_column();
+		$SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_col', array($SQL));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a single column value for a single row from the database
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params    @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @param string $field_to_select @see EEM_Base::get_col()
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_var($query_params = array(), $field_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$col = $this->get_col($query_params, $field_to_select);
+		if (! empty($col)) {
+			return reset($col);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Makes the SQL for after "UPDATE table_X inner join table_Y..." and before "...WHERE". Eg "Question.name='party
+	 * time?', Question.desc='what do you think?',..." Values are filtered through wpdb->prepare to avoid against SQL
+	 * injection, but currently no further filtering is done
+	 *
+	 * @global      $wpdb
+	 * @param array $fields_n_values array keys are field names on this model, and values are what those fields should
+	 *                               be updated to in the DB
+	 * @return string of SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		$cols_n_values = array();
+		foreach ($fields_n_values as $field_name => $value) {
+			$field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
+			//if the value is NULL, we want to assign the value to that.
+			//wpdb->prepare doesn't really handle that properly
+			$prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
+			$value_sql = $prepared_value === null ? 'NULL'
+				: $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(), $prepared_value);
+			$cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column() . "=" . $value_sql;
+		}
+		return implode(",", $cols_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
+	 * Performs a HARD delete, meaning the database row should always be removed,
+	 * not just have a flag field on it switched
+	 * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete_permanently()
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $id
+	 * @return boolean whether the row got deleted or not
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently_by_ID($id)
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently(
+			array(
+				array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id),
+				'limit' => 1,
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes a single row from the DB given the model object's primary key value. (eg, EE_Attendee->ID()'s value).
+	 * Wrapper for EEM_Base::delete()
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $id
+	 * @return boolean whether the row got deleted or not
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_by_ID($id)
+	{
+		return $this->delete(
+			array(
+				array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id),
+				'limit' => 1,
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Identical to delete_permanently, but does a "soft" delete if possible,
+	 * meaning if the model has a field that indicates its been "trashed" or
+	 * "soft deleted", we will just set that instead of actually deleting the rows.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEM_Base::delete_permanently
+	 * @param array   $query_params
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking
+	 * @return int how many rows got deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes the model objects that meet the query params. Note: this method is overridden
+	 * in EEM_Soft_Delete_Base so that soft-deleted model objects are instead only flagged
+	 * as archived, not actually deleted
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $query_params   very much like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model info
+	 *                                that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data); if false,
+	 *                                deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its generally
+	 *                                advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could easily corrupt your
+	 *                                DB
+	 * @return int how many rows got deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently($query_params, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Action called just before performing a real deletion query. You can use the
+		 * model and its $query_params to find exactly which items will be deleted
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $query_params   @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+		 * @param boolean  $allow_blocking whether or not to allow related model objects
+		 *                                 to block (prevent) this deletion
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__begin', $this, $query_params, $allow_blocking);
+		//some MySQL databases may be running safe mode, which may restrict
+		//deletion if there is no KEY column used in the WHERE statement of a deletion.
+		//to get around this, we first do a SELECT, get all the IDs, and then run another query
+		//to delete them
+		$items_for_deletion = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
+		$deletion_where = $this->_setup_ids_for_delete($items_for_deletion, $allow_blocking);
+		if ($deletion_where) {
+			//echo "objects for deletion:";var_dump($objects_for_deletion);
+			$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+			$table_aliases = array_keys($this->_tables);
+			$SQL = "DELETE "
+				   . implode(", ", $table_aliases)
+				   . " FROM "
+				   . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
+				   . " WHERE "
+				   . $deletion_where;
+			//		/echo "delete sql:$SQL";
+			$rows_deleted = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', array($SQL));
+		} else {
+			$rows_deleted = 0;
+		}
+		//and lastly make sure those items are removed from the entity map; if they could be put into it at all
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			foreach ($items_for_deletion as $item_for_deletion_row) {
+				$pk_value = $item_for_deletion_row[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
+				if (isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$pk_value])) {
+					unset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$pk_value]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action called just after performing a real deletion query. Although at this point the
+		 * items should have been deleted
+		 *
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model
+		 * @param array    $query_params @see EEM_Base::get_all()
+		 * @param int      $rows_deleted
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__end', $this, $query_params, $rows_deleted);
+		return $rows_deleted;//how many supposedly got deleted
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks all the relations that throw error messages when there are blocking related objects
+	 * for related model objects. If there are any related model objects on those relations,
+	 * adds an EE_Error, and return true
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int $this_model_obj_or_id
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class     $ignore_this_model_obj a model object like 'EE_Event', or 'EE_Term_Taxonomy', which
+	 *                                                 should be ignored when determining whether there are related
+	 *                                                 model objects which block this model object's deletion. Useful
+	 *                                                 if you know A is related to B and are considering deleting A,
+	 *                                                 but want to see if A has any other objects blocking its deletion
+	 *                                                 before removing the relation between A and B
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_is_blocked_by_related_models($this_model_obj_or_id, $ignore_this_model_obj = null)
+	{
+		//first, if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, get its model
+		if ($ignore_this_model_obj && $ignore_this_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$ignored_model = $ignore_this_model_obj->get_model();
+		} else {
+			$ignored_model = null;
+		}
+		//now check all the relations of $this_model_obj_or_id and see if there
+		//are any related model objects blocking it?
+		$is_blocked = false;
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj->block_delete_if_related_models_exist()) {
+				//if $ignore_this_model_obj was supplied, then for the query
+				//on that model needs to be told to ignore $ignore_this_model_obj
+				if ($ignored_model && $relation_name === $ignored_model->get_this_model_name()) {
+					$related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id, array(
+						array(
+							$ignored_model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => array(
+								'!=',
+								$ignore_this_model_obj->ID(),
+							),
+						),
+					));
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $relation_obj->get_all_related($this_model_obj_or_id);
+				}
+				if ($related_model_objects) {
+					EE_Error::add_error($relation_obj->get_deletion_error_message(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+					$is_blocked = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $is_blocked;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets up our delete where sql and accounts for if we have secondary tables that will have rows deleted as
+	 * well.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $objects_for_deletion This should be the values returned by $this->_get_all_wpdb_results()
+	 * @param boolean $allow_blocking       if TRUE, matched objects will only be deleted if there is no related model
+	 *                                      info that blocks it (ie, there' sno other data that depends on this data);
+	 *                                      if false, deletes regardless of other objects which may depend on it. Its
+	 *                                      generally advisable to always leave this as TRUE, otherwise you could
+	 *                                      easily corrupt your DB
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string    everything that comes after the WHERE statement.
+	 */
+	protected function _setup_ids_for_delete($objects_for_deletion, $allow_blocking = true)
+	{
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_table = $this->_get_main_table();
+			$other_tables = $this->_get_other_tables();
+			$deletes = $query = array();
+			foreach ($objects_for_deletion as $delete_object) {
+				//before we mark this object for deletion,
+				//make sure there's no related objects blocking its deletion (if we're checking)
+				if (
+					$allow_blocking
+					&& $this->delete_is_blocked_by_related_models(
+						$delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()]
+					)
+				) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				//primary table deletes
+				if (isset($delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()])) {
+					$deletes[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
+				}
+				//other tables
+				if (! empty($other_tables)) {
+					foreach ($other_tables as $ot) {
+						//first check if we've got the foreign key column here.
+						if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_fk_column()])) {
+							$deletes[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_fk_column()];
+						}
+						// wait! it's entirely possible that we'll have a the primary key
+						// for this table in here, if it's a foreign key for one of the other secondary tables
+						if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()])) {
+							$deletes[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
+						}
+						// finally, it is possible that the fk for this table is found
+						// in the fully qualified pk column for the fk table, so let's see if that's there!
+						if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_on_fk_table()])) {
+							$deletes[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			//we should have deletes now, so let's just go through and setup the where statement
+			foreach ($deletes as $column => $values) {
+				//make sure we have unique $values;
+				$values = array_unique($values);
+				$query[] = $column . ' IN(' . implode(",", $values) . ')';
+			}
+			return ! empty($query) ? implode(' AND ', $query) : '';
+		}
+		if (count($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields()) > 1) {
+			$ways_to_identify_a_row = array();
+			$fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
+			//note: because there' sno primary key, that means nothing else  can be pointing to this model, right?
+			foreach ($objects_for_deletion as $delete_object) {
+				$values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row = array();
+				foreach ($fields as $cpk_field) {
+					if ($cpk_field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+						$values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row[] = $cpk_field->get_qualified_column()
+														   . "="
+														   . $delete_object[$cpk_field->get_qualified_column()];
+					}
+				}
+				$ways_to_identify_a_row[] = "(" . implode(" AND ", $values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row) . ")";
+			}
+			return implode(" OR ", $ways_to_identify_a_row);
+		}
+		//so there's no primary key and no combined key...
+		//sorry, can't help you
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					"Cannot delete objects of type %s because there is no primary key NOR combined key",
+					"event_espresso"
+				), get_class($this)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Count all the rows that match criteria expressed in $query_params (an array just like arg to EEM_Base::get_all).
+	 * If $field_to_count isn't provided, the model's primary key is used. Otherwise, we count by field_to_count's
+	 * column
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_count field on model to count by (not column name)
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count($query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		if ($field_to_count) {
+			$field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_count);
+			$column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+		} elseif ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$pk_field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+			$column_to_count = $pk_field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+		} else {
+			//there's no primary key
+			//if we're counting distinct items, and there's no primary key,
+			//we need to list out the columns for distinction;
+			//otherwise we can just use star
+			if ($distinct) {
+				$columns_to_use = array();
+				foreach ($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields() as $field_obj) {
+					$columns_to_use[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+				}
+				$column_to_count = implode(',', $columns_to_use);
+			} else {
+				$column_to_count = '*';
+			}
+		}
+		$column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT " . $column_to_count : $column_to_count;
+		$SQL = "SELECT COUNT(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		return (int)$this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sums up the value of the $field_to_sum (defaults to the primary key, which isn't terribly useful)
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum name of field (array key in $_fields array)
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum($query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		$model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
+		if ($field_to_sum) {
+			$field_obj = $this->field_settings_for($field_to_sum);
+		} else {
+			$field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+		}
+		$column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
+		$SQL = "SELECT SUM(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+		$return_value = $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
+		$data_type = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+		if ($data_type === '%d' || $data_type === '%s') {
+			return (float)$return_value;
+		}
+		//must be %f
+		return (float)$return_value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just calls the specified method on $wpdb with the given arguments
+	 * Consolidates a little extra error handling code
+	 *
+	 * @param string $wpdb_method
+	 * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @global wpdb  $wpdb
+	 * @return mixed
+	 */
+	protected function _do_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		//if we're in maintenance mode level 2, DON'T run any queries
+		//because level 2 indicates the database needs updating and
+		//is probably out of sync with the code
+		if (! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Event Espresso Level 2 Maintenance mode is active. That means EE can not run ANY database queries until the necessary migration scripts have run which will take EE out of maintenance mode level 2. Please inform support of this error.",
+				"event_espresso")));
+		}
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There is no method named "%s" on Wordpress\' $wpdb object',
+				'event_espresso'), $wpdb_method));
+		}
+		if (WP_DEBUG) {
+			$old_show_errors_value = $wpdb->show_errors;
+			$wpdb->show_errors(false);
+		}
+		$result = $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+		$this->show_db_query_if_previously_requested($wpdb->last_query);
+		if (WP_DEBUG) {
+			$wpdb->show_errors($old_show_errors_value);
+			if (! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('WPDB Error: "%s"', 'event_espresso'), $wpdb->last_error));
+			}
+			if ($result === false) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('WPDB Error occurred, but no error message was logged by wpdb! The wpdb method called was "%1$s" and the arguments were "%2$s"',
+					'event_espresso'), $wpdb_method, var_export($arguments_to_provide, true)));
+			}
+		} elseif ($result === false) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					__('A database error has occurred. Turn on WP_DEBUG for more information.||A database error occurred doing wpdb method "%1$s", with arguments "%2$s". The error was "%3$s"',
+						'event_espresso'),
+					$wpdb_method,
+					var_export($arguments_to_provide, true),
+					$wpdb->last_error
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Attempts to run the indicated WPDB method with the provided arguments,
+	 * and if there's an error tries to verify the DB is correct. Uses
+	 * the static property EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level to determine whether
+	 * we should try to fix the EE core db, the addons, or just give up
+	 *
+	 * @param string $wpdb_method
+	 * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return mixed
+	 */
+	private function _process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		$wpdb->last_error = null;
+		$result = call_user_func_array(array($wpdb, $wpdb_method), $arguments_to_provide);
+		// was there an error running the query? but we don't care on new activations
+		// (we're going to setup the DB anyway on new activations)
+		if (($result === false || ! empty($wpdb->last_error))
+			&& EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() !== EE_System::req_type_new_activation
+		) {
+			switch (EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level) {
+				case EEM_Base::db_verified_none :
+					// let's double-check core's DB
+					$error_message = $this->_verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+					break;
+				case EEM_Base::db_verified_core :
+					// STILL NO LOVE?? verify all the addons too. Maybe they need to be fixed
+					$error_message = $this->_verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+					break;
+				case EEM_Base::db_verified_addons :
+					// ummmm... you in trouble
+					return $result;
+					break;
+			}
+			if (! empty($error_message)) {
+				EE_Log::instance()->log(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, $error_message, 'error');
+				trigger_error($error_message);
+			}
+			return $this->_process_wpdb_query($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide);
+		}
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the EE core database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
+	 * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
+	 *
+	 * @param string $wpdb_method
+	 * @param array  $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _verify_core_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		//ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the core db, in case the problem persists
+		EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_core;
+		$error_message = sprintf(
+			__('WPDB Error "%1$s" while running wpdb method "%2$s" with arguments %3$s. Automatically attempting to fix EE Core DB',
+				'event_espresso'),
+			$wpdb->last_error,
+			$wpdb_method,
+			wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
+		);
+		EE_System::instance()->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required(false, true);
+		return $error_message;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the EE addons' database is up-to-date and records that we've done it on
+	 * EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level
+	 *
+	 * @param $wpdb_method
+	 * @param $arguments_to_provide
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _verify_addons_db($wpdb_method, $arguments_to_provide)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		//ok remember that we've already attempted fixing the addons dbs, in case the problem persists
+		EEM_Base::$_db_verification_level = EEM_Base::db_verified_addons;
+		$error_message = sprintf(
+			__('WPDB AGAIN: Error "%1$s" while running the same method and arguments as before. Automatically attempting to fix EE Addons DB',
+				'event_espresso'),
+			$wpdb->last_error,
+			$wpdb_method,
+			wp_json_encode($arguments_to_provide)
+		);
+		EE_System::instance()->initialize_addons();
+		return $error_message;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * In order to avoid repeating this code for the get_all, sum, and count functions, put the code parts
+	 * that are identical in here. Returns a string of SQL of everything in a SELECT query except the beginning
+	 * SELECT clause, eg " FROM wp_posts AS Event INNER JOIN ... WHERE ... ORDER BY ... LIMIT ... GROUP BY ... HAVING
+	 * ..."
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
+	{
+		return " FROM " . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_where_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_having_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql() .
+			   $model_query_info->get_limit_sql();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set to easily debug the next X queries ran from this model.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $count
+	 */
+	public function show_next_x_db_queries($count = 1)
+	{
+		$this->_show_next_x_db_queries = $count;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $sql_query
+	 */
+	public function show_db_query_if_previously_requested($sql_query)
+	{
+		if ($this->_show_next_x_db_queries > 0) {
+			echo $sql_query;
+			$this->_show_next_x_db_queries--;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
+	 * There are the 3 cases:
+	 * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $other_model_id_or_obj's primary_key. If
+	 * $otherModelObject has no ID, it is first saved.
+	 * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $other_model_id_or_obj's foreign_key to be $id_or_obj's primary_key. If $id_or_obj
+	 * has no ID, it is first saved.
+	 * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships: checks that there isn't already an entry in the join table, and adds one.
+	 * If one of the model Objects has not yet been saved to the database, it is saved before adding the entry in the
+	 * join table
+	 *
+	 * @param        EE_Base_Class                     /int $thisModelObject
+	 * @param        EE_Base_Class                     /int $id_or_obj EE_base_Class or ID of other Model Object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     , key in EEM_Base::_relations
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values This allows you to enter further query params for the relation
+	 *                                                 to for relation to methods that allow you to further specify
+	 *                                                 extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).  Keep in mind that the
+	 *                                                 only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
+	 *                                                 because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class which was added as a relation. Object referred to by $other_model_id_or_obj
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function add_relationship_to(
+		$id_or_obj,
+		$other_model_id_or_obj,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array()
+	) {
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		return $relation_obj->add_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $extra_join_model_fields_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship of the correct type between $modelObject and $otherModelObject.
+	 * There are the 3 cases:
+	 * 'belongsTo' relationship: sets $modelObject's foreign_key to null, if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws an
+	 * error
+	 * 'hasMany' relationship: sets $otherModelObject's foreign_key to null,if that field is nullable.Otherwise throws
+	 * an error
+	 * 'hasAndBelongsToMany' relationships:removes any existing entry in the join table between the two models.
+	 *
+	 * @param        EE_Base_Class /int $id_or_obj
+	 * @param        EE_Base_Class /int $other_model_id_or_obj EE_Base_Class or ID of other Model Object
+	 * @param string $relationName key in EEM_Base::_relations
+	 * @return boolean of success
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @param array  $where_query  This allows you to enter further query params for the relation to for relation to
+	 *                             methods that allow you to further specify extra columns to join by (such as HABTM).
+	 *                             Keep in mind that the only acceptable query_params is strict "col" => "value" pairs
+	 *                             because these will be inserted in any new rows created as well.
+	 */
+	public function remove_relationship_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		return $relation_obj->remove_relation_to($id_or_obj, $other_model_id_or_obj, $where_query);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed           $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string          $relationName
+	 * @param array           $where_query_params
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class[] objects to which relations were removed
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function remove_relations($id_or_obj, $relationName, $where_query_params = array())
+	{
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		return $relation_obj->remove_relations($id_or_obj, $where_query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related items of the specified $model_name, using $query_params.
+	 * Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $id_or_obj    EE_Base_Class child or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', 'Registration', etc. always singular
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = null)
+	{
+		$model_obj = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
+		$relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		return $relation_settings->get_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
+	 * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params.
+	 * However, if the model objects can't be deleted because of blocking related model objects, then
+	 * they aren't deleted. (Unless the thing that would have been deleted can be soft-deleted, that still happens).
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string                   $model_name
+	 * @param array                    $query_params
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model_obj = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
+		$relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		return $relation_settings->delete_all_related($model_obj, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Hard deletes all the model objects across the relation indicated by $model_name
+	 * which are related to $id_or_obj which meet the criteria set in $query_params. If
+	 * the model objects can't be hard deleted because of blocking related model objects,
+	 * just does a soft-delete on them instead.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string                   $model_name
+	 * @param array                    $query_params
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model_obj = $this->ensure_is_obj($id_or_obj);
+		$relation_settings = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		return $relation_settings->delete_related_permanently($model_obj, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param        int             /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string $model_name     like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related(
+		$id_or_obj,
+		$model_name,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$field_to_count = null,
+		$distinct = false
+	) {
+		$related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
+		//we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
+		//except add a condition to say to match the current mod
+		if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+			$query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
+		}
+		$this_model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
+		$this_pk_field_name = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+		$query_params[0][$this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
+		return $related_model->count($query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param        int           /EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj
+	 * @param string $model_name   like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		$related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::sum_related',
+				sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
+			$query_params = array();
+		}
+		//we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
+		//except add a condition to say to match the current mod
+		if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+			$query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
+		}
+		$this_model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
+		$this_pk_field_name = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+		$query_params[0][$this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
+		return $related_model->sum($query_params, $field_to_sum);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Uses $this->_relatedModels info to find the first related model object of relation $relationName to the given
+	 * $modelObject
+	 *
+	 * @param int | EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj        EE_Base_Class child or its ID
+	 * @param string              $other_model_name , key in $this->_relatedModels, eg 'Registration', or 'Events'
+	 * @param array               $query_params     like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related(EE_Base_Class $id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params)
+	{
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$results = $this->get_all_related($id_or_obj, $other_model_name, $query_params);
+		if ($results) {
+			return array_shift($results);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model's name as it's expected in queries. For example, if this is EEM_Event model, that would be Event
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_this_model_name()
+	{
+		return str_replace("EEM_", "", get_class($this));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model field on this model which is of type EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_containing_related_model_name()
+	{
+		foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field) {
+			if ($field instanceof EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name_Field) {
+				$field_with_model_name = $field;
+			}
+		}
+		if (! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name field on model %s", "event_espresso"),
+				$this->get_this_model_name()));
+		}
+		return $field_with_model_name;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inserts a new entry into the database, for each table.
+	 * Note: does not add the item to the entity map because that is done by EE_Base_Class::save() right after this.
+	 * If client code uses EEM_Base::insert() directly, then although the item isn't in the entity map,
+	 * we also know there is no model object with the newly inserted item's ID at the moment (because
+	 * if there were, then they would already be in the DB and this would fail); and in the future if someone
+	 * creates a model object with this ID (or grabs it from the DB) then it will be added to the
+	 * entity map at that time anyways. SO, no need for EEM_Base::insert ot add to the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @param array $field_n_values keys are field names, values are their values (in the client code's domain if
+	 *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is false, in the model object's domain if
+	 *                              $values_already_prepared_by_model_object is true. See comment about this at the top
+	 *                              of EEM_Base)
+	 * @return int new primary key on main table that got inserted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function insert($field_n_values)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields and their values before inserting an item using the models
+		 *
+		 * @param array    $fields_n_values keys are the fields and values are their new values
+		 * @param EEM_Base $model           the model used
+		 */
+		$field_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__insert__fields_n_values', $field_n_values, $this);
+		if ($this->_satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values)) {
+			$main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
+			$new_id = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($main_table, $field_n_values, false);
+			if ($new_id !== false) {
+				foreach ($this->_get_other_tables() as $other_table) {
+					$this->_insert_into_specific_table($other_table, $field_n_values, $new_id);
+				}
+			}
+			/**
+			 * Done just after attempting to insert a new model object
+			 *
+			 * @param EEM_Base   $model           used
+			 * @param array      $fields_n_values fields and their values
+			 * @param int|string the              ID of the newly-inserted model object
+			 */
+			do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__insert__end', $this, $field_n_values, $new_id);
+			return $new_id;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks that the result would satisfy the unique indexes on this model
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $field_n_values
+	 * @param string $action
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values, $action = 'insert')
+	{
+		foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $index_name => $index) {
+			$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($field_n_values, $index->fields());
+			if ($this->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"Could not %s %s. %s uniqueness index failed. Fields %s must form a unique set, but an entry already exists with values %s.",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						$action,
+						$this->_get_class_name(),
+						$index_name,
+						implode(",", $index->field_names()),
+						http_build_query($uniqueness_where_params)
+					),
+					__FILE__,
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks the database for an item that conflicts (ie, if this item were
+	 * saved to the DB would break some uniqueness requirement, like a primary key
+	 * or an index primary key set) with the item specified. $id_obj_or_fields_array
+	 * can be either an EE_Base_Class or an array of fields n values
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|array $obj_or_fields_array
+	 * @param boolean             $include_primary_key whether to use the model object's primary key
+	 *                                                 when looking for conflicts
+	 *                                                 (ie, if false, we ignore the model object's primary key
+	 *                                                 when finding "conflicts". If true, it's also considered).
+	 *                                                 Only works for INT primary key,
+	 *                                                 STRING primary keys cannot be ignored
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|array
+	 */
+	public function get_one_conflicting($obj_or_fields_array, $include_primary_key = true)
+	{
+		if ($obj_or_fields_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array->model_field_array();
+		} elseif (is_array($obj_or_fields_array)) {
+			$fields_n_values = $obj_or_fields_array;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						"%s get_all_conflicting should be called with a model object or an array of field names and values, you provided %d",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					get_class($this),
+					$obj_or_fields_array
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$query_params = array();
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()
+			&& ($include_primary_key
+				|| $this->get_primary_key_field()
+				   instanceof
+				   EE_Primary_Key_String_Field)
+			&& isset($fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])
+		) {
+			$query_params[0]['OR'][$this->primary_key_name()] = $fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()];
+		}
+		foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $unique_index_name => $unique_index) {
+			$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($fields_n_values, $unique_index->fields());
+			$query_params[0]['OR']['AND*' . $unique_index_name] = $uniqueness_where_params;
+		}
+		//if there is nothing to base this search on, then we shouldn't find anything
+		if (empty($query_params)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $this->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Like count, but is optimized and returns a boolean instead of an int
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function exists($query_params)
+	{
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		return $this->count($query_params) > 0;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper for exists, except ignores default query parameters so we're only considering ID
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function exists_by_ID($id)
+	{
+		return $this->exists(
+			array(
+				'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none,
+				array(
+					$this->primary_key_name() => $id,
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Inserts a new row in $table, using the $cols_n_values which apply to that table.
+	 * If a $new_id is supplied and if $table is an EE_Other_Table, we assume
+	 * we need to add a foreign key column to point to $new_id (which should be the primary key's value
+	 * on the main table)
+	 * This is protected rather than private because private is not accessible to any child methods and there MAY be
+	 * cases where we want to call it directly rather than via insert().
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param EE_Table_Base $table
+	 * @param array         $fields_n_values each key should be in field's keys, and value should be an int, string or
+	 *                                       float
+	 * @param int           $new_id          for now we assume only int keys
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @global WPDB         $wpdb            only used to get the $wpdb->insert_id after performing an insert
+	 * @return int ID of new row inserted, or FALSE on failure
+	 */
+	protected function _insert_into_specific_table(EE_Table_Base $table, $fields_n_values, $new_id = 0)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		$insertion_col_n_values = array();
+		$format_for_insertion = array();
+		$fields_on_table = $this->_get_fields_for_table($table->get_table_alias());
+		foreach ($fields_on_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			//check if its an auto-incrementing column, in which case we should just leave it to do its autoincrement thing
+			if ($field_obj->is_auto_increment()) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
+			//if the value we want to assign it to is NULL, just don't mention it for the insertion
+			if ($prepared_value !== null) {
+				$insertion_col_n_values[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $prepared_value;
+				$format_for_insertion[] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+			}
+		}
+		if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table && $new_id) {
+			//its not the main table, so we should have already saved the main table's PK which we just inserted
+			//so add the fk to the main table as a column
+			$insertion_col_n_values[$table->get_fk_on_table()] = $new_id;
+			$format_for_insertion[] = '%d';//yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
+		}
+		//insert the new entry
+		$result = $this->_do_wpdb_query('insert',
+			array($table->get_table_name(), $insertion_col_n_values, $format_for_insertion));
+		if ($result === false) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		//ok, now what do we return for the ID of the newly-inserted thing?
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($this->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				return $wpdb->insert_id;
+			}
+			//it's not an auto-increment primary key, so
+			//it must have been supplied
+			return $fields_n_values[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()];
+		}
+		//we can't return a  primary key because there is none. instead return
+		//a unique string indicating this model
+		return $this->get_index_primary_key_string($fields_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Prepare the $field_obj 's value in $fields_n_values for use in the database.
+	 * If the field doesn't allow NULL, try to use its default. (If it doesn't allow NULL,
+	 * and there is no default, we pass it along. WPDB will take care of it)
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field_obj
+	 * @param array               $fields_n_values
+	 * @return mixed string|int|float depending on what the table column will be expecting
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values)
+	{
+		//if this field doesn't allow nullable, don't allow it
+		if (
+			! $field_obj->is_nullable()
+			&& (
+				! isset($fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()])
+				|| $fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()] === null
+			)
+		) {
+			$fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+		}
+		$unprepared_value = isset($fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()])
+			? $fields_n_values[$field_obj->get_name()]
+			: null;
+		return $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($unprepared_value, $field_obj);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Consolidates code for preparing  a value supplied to the model for use int eh db. Calls the field's
+	 * prepare_for_use_in_db method on the value, and depending on $value_already_prepare_by_model_obj, may also call
+	 * the field's prepare_for_set() method.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed               $value value in the client code domain if $value_already_prepared_by_model_object is
+	 *                                   false, otherwise a value in the model object's domain (see lengthy comment at
+	 *                                   top of file)
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base $field field which will be doing the preparing of the value. If null, we assume
+	 *                                   $value is a custom selection
+	 * @return mixed a value ready for use in the database for insertions, updating, or in a where clause
+	 */
+	private function _prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field)
+	{
+		if ($field && $field instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			switch ($this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object) {
+				/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+				case self::not_prepared_by_model_object:
+					$value = $field->prepare_for_set($value);
+				//purposefully left out "return"
+				case self::prepared_by_model_object:
+					/** @noinspection SuspiciousAssignmentsInspection */
+					$value = $field->prepare_for_use_in_db($value);
+				case self::prepared_for_use_in_db:
+					//leave the value alone
+			}
+			return $value;
+		}
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the main table on this model
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Primary_Table
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_main_table()
+	{
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table) {
+			if ($table instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
+				return $table;
+			}
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There are no main tables on %s. They should be added to _tables array in the constructor',
+			'event_espresso'), get_class($this)));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * table
+	 * returns EE_Primary_Table table name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function table()
+	{
+		return $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_name();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * table
+	 * returns first EE_Secondary_Table table name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function second_table()
+	{
+		// grab second table from tables array
+		$second_table = end($this->_tables);
+		return $second_table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table ? $second_table->get_table_name() : null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_table_obj_by_alias
+	 * returns table name given it's alias
+	 *
+	 * @param string $table_alias
+	 * @return EE_Primary_Table | EE_Secondary_Table
+	 */
+	public function get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias = '')
+	{
+		return isset($this->_tables[$table_alias]) ? $this->_tables[$table_alias] : null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tables of type EE_Other_Table from EEM_CPT_Basel_Model::_tables
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Secondary_Table[]
+	 */
+	protected function _get_other_tables()
+	{
+		$other_tables = array();
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table) {
+			if ($table instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+				$other_tables[$table_alias] = $table;
+			}
+		}
+		return $other_tables;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds all the fields that correspond to the given table
+	 *
+	 * @param string $table_alias , array key in EEM_Base::_tables
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[]
+	 */
+	public function _get_fields_for_table($table_alias)
+	{
+		return $this->_fields[$table_alias];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Recurses through all the where parameters, and finds all the related models we'll need
+	 * to complete this query. Eg, given where parameters like array('EVT_ID'=>3) from within Event model, we won't
+	 * need any related models. But if the array were array('Registrations.REG_ID'=>3), we'd need the related
+	 * Registration model. If it were array('Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_ID'=>3), then we'd need the
+	 * related Registration, Transaction, and Payment models.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_parameters['where']
+	 * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _extract_related_models_from_query($query_params)
+	{
+		$query_info_carrier = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier();
+		if (array_key_exists(0, $query_params)) {
+			$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys($query_params[0], $query_info_carrier, 0);
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
+					$query_params['group_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'group_by'
+				);
+			} elseif (! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_params['group_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'group_by'
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params)) {
+			$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+				$query_params[0],
+				$query_info_carrier,
+				'having'
+			);
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'order_by'
+				);
+			} elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_info_carrier,
+					'order_by'
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists('force_join', $query_params)) {
+			$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
+				$query_params['force_join'],
+				$query_info_carrier,
+				'force_join'
+			);
+		}
+		return $query_info_carrier;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For extracting related models from WHERE (0), HAVING (having), ORDER BY (order_by) or forced joins (force_join)
+	 *
+	 * @param array                       $sub_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] or
+	 *                                                      $query_params['having']
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 */
+	private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+		$sub_query_params,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
+		$query_param_type
+	) {
+		if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+			$sub_query_params = (array)$sub_query_params;
+			foreach ($sub_query_params as $param => $possibly_array_of_params) {
+				//$param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($param, $model_query_info_carrier,
+					$query_param_type);
+				//if $possibly_array_of_params is an array, try recursing into it, searching for keys which
+				//indicate needed joins. Eg, array('NOT'=>array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)). In this case, we tried
+				//extracting models out of the 'NOT', which obviously wasn't successful, and then we recurse into the value
+				//of array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)
+				$query_param_sans_stars = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($param);
+				if (in_array($query_param_sans_stars, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
+					if (! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
+						throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You used a special where query param %s, but the value isn't an array of where query params, it's just %s'. It should be an array, eg array('EVT_ID'=>23,'OR'=>array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>32,'Venue.VNU_name'=>'monkey_land'))",
+							"event_espresso"),
+							$param, $possibly_array_of_params));
+					}
+					$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+						$possibly_array_of_params,
+						$model_query_info_carrier, $query_param_type
+					);
+				} elseif ($query_param_type === 0 //ie WHERE
+						  && is_array($possibly_array_of_params)
+						  && isset($possibly_array_of_params[2])
+						  && $possibly_array_of_params[2] == true
+				) {
+					//then $possible_array_of_params looks something like array('<','DTT_sold',true)
+					//indicating that $possible_array_of_params[1] is actually a field name,
+					//from which we should extract query parameters!
+					if (! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
+						throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Improperly formed query parameter %s. It should be numerically indexed like array('<','DTT_sold',true); but you provided %s",
+							"event_espresso"), $query_param_type, implode(",", $possibly_array_of_params)));
+					}
+					$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($possibly_array_of_params[1],
+						$model_query_info_carrier, $query_param_type);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_query_info_carrier;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For extracting related models from forced_joins, where the array values contain the info about what
+	 * models to join with. Eg an array like array('Attendee','Price.Price_Type');
+	 *
+	 * @param array                       $sub_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] or
+	 *                                                      $query_params['having']
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $query_param_type one of $this->_allowed_query_params
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 */
+	private function _extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_values(
+		$sub_query_params,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
+		$query_param_type
+	) {
+		if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+			if (! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Query parameter %s should be an array, but it isn't.", "event_espresso"),
+					$sub_query_params));
+			}
+			foreach ($sub_query_params as $param) {
+				//$param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($param, $model_query_info_carrier,
+					$query_param_type);
+			}
+		}
+		return $model_query_info_carrier;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Extract all the query parts from $query_params (an array like whats passed to EEM_Base::get_all)
+	 * and put into a EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier for easy extraction into a query. We create this object
+	 * instead of directly constructing the SQL because often we need to extract info from the $query_params
+	 * but use them in a different order. Eg, we need to know what models we are querying
+	 * before we know what joins to perform. However, we need to know what data types correspond to which fields on
+	 * other models before we can finalize the where clause SQL.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier
+	 */
+	public function _create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params)
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+				'EEM_Base::_create_model_query_info_carrier',
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					gettype($query_params)
+				),
+				'4.6.0'
+			);
+			$query_params = array();
+		}
+		$where_query_params = isset($query_params[0]) ? $query_params[0] : array();
+		//first check if we should alter the query to account for caps or not
+		//because the caps might require us to do extra joins
+		if (isset($query_params['caps']) && $query_params['caps'] !== 'none') {
+			$query_params[0] = $where_query_params = array_replace_recursive(
+				$where_query_params,
+				$this->caps_where_conditions(
+					$query_params['caps']
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$query_object = $this->_extract_related_models_from_query($query_params);
+		//verify where_query_params has NO numeric indexes.... that's simply not how you use it!
+		foreach ($where_query_params as $key => $value) {
+			if (is_int($key)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"WHERE query params must NOT be numerically-indexed. You provided the array key '%s' for value '%s' while querying model %s. All the query params provided were '%s' Please read documentation on EEM_Base::get_all.",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						$key,
+						var_export($value, true),
+						var_export($query_params, true),
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if (
+			array_key_exists('default_where_conditions', $query_params)
+			&& ! empty($query_params['default_where_conditions'])
+		) {
+			$use_default_where_conditions = $query_params['default_where_conditions'];
+		} else {
+			$use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all;
+		}
+		$where_query_params = array_merge(
+			$this->_get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
+				$query_object,
+				$use_default_where_conditions,
+				$where_query_params
+			),
+			$where_query_params
+		);
+		$query_object->set_where_sql($this->_construct_where_clause($where_query_params));
+		// if this is a "on_join_limit" then we are limiting on on a specific table in a multi_table join.
+		// So we need to setup a subquery and use that for the main join.
+		// Note for now this only works on the primary table for the model.
+		// So for instance, you could set the limit array like this:
+		// array( 'on_join_limit' => array('Primary_Table_Alias', array(1,10) ) )
+		if (array_key_exists('on_join_limit', $query_params) && ! empty($query_params['on_join_limit'])) {
+			$query_object->set_main_model_join_sql(
+				$this->_construct_limit_join_select(
+					$query_params['on_join_limit'][0],
+					$query_params['on_join_limit'][1]
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		//set limit
+		if (array_key_exists('limit', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
+				if (! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
+					$e = sprintf(
+						__(
+							"Invalid DB query. You passed '%s' for the LIMIT, but only the following are valid: an integer, string representing an integer, a string like 'int,int', or an array like array(int,int)",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						http_build_query($query_params['limit'])
+					);
+					throw new EE_Error($e . "|" . $e);
+				}
+				//they passed us an array for the limit. Assume it's like array(50,25), meaning offset by 50, and get 25
+				$query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit'][0] . "," . $query_params['limit'][1]);
+			} elseif (! empty ($query_params['limit'])) {
+				$query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit']);
+			}
+		}
+		//set order by
+		if (array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				//if they're using 'order_by' as an array, they can't use 'order' (because 'order_by' must
+				//specify whether to ascend or descend on each field. Eg 'order_by'=>array('EVT_ID'=>'ASC'). So
+				//including 'order' wouldn't make any sense if 'order_by' has already specified which way to order!
+				if (array_key_exists('order', $query_params)) {
+					throw new EE_Error(
+						sprintf(
+							__(
+								"In querying %s, we are using query parameter 'order_by' as an array (keys:%s,values:%s), and so we can't use query parameter 'order' (value %s). You should just use the 'order_by' parameter ",
+								"event_espresso"
+							),
+							get_class($this),
+							implode(", ", array_keys($query_params['order_by'])),
+							implode(", ", $query_params['order_by']),
+							$query_params['order']
+						)
+					);
+				}
+				$this->_extract_related_models_from_sub_params_array_keys(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_object,
+					'order_by'
+				);
+				//assume it's an array of fields to order by
+				$order_array = array();
+				foreach ($query_params['order_by'] as $field_name_to_order_by => $order) {
+					$order = $this->_extract_order($order);
+					$order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by) . SP . $order;
+				}
+				$query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . implode(",", $order_array));
+			} elseif (! empty ($query_params['order_by'])) {
+				$this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_params['order_by'],
+					$query_object,
+					'order',
+					$query_params['order_by']
+				);
+				$order = isset($query_params['order'])
+					? $this->_extract_order($query_params['order'])
+					: 'DESC';
+				$query_object->set_order_by_sql(
+					" ORDER BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']) . SP . $order
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		//if 'order_by' wasn't set, maybe they are just using 'order' on its own?
+		if (! array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)
+			&& array_key_exists('order', $query_params)
+			&& ! empty($query_params['order'])
+		) {
+			$pk_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+			$order = $this->_extract_order($query_params['order']);
+			$query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . $pk_field->get_qualified_column() . SP . $order);
+		}
+		//set group by
+		if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
+			if (is_array($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				//it's an array, so assume we'll be grouping by a bunch of stuff
+				$group_by_array = array();
+				foreach ($query_params['group_by'] as $field_name_to_group_by) {
+					$group_by_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_group_by);
+				}
+				$query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY " . implode(", ", $group_by_array));
+			} elseif (! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
+				$query_object->set_group_by_sql(
+					" GROUP BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		//set having
+		if (array_key_exists('having', $query_params) && $query_params['having']) {
+			$query_object->set_having_sql($this->_construct_having_clause($query_params['having']));
+		}
+		//now, just verify they didn't pass anything wack
+		foreach ($query_params as $query_key => $query_value) {
+			if (! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"You passed %s as a query parameter to %s, which is illegal! The allowed query parameters are %s",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$query_key,
+						get_class($this),
+						//						print_r( $this->_allowed_query_params, TRUE )
+						implode(',', $this->_allowed_query_params)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$main_model_join_sql = $query_object->get_main_model_join_sql();
+		if (empty($main_model_join_sql)) {
+			$query_object->set_main_model_join_sql($this->_construct_internal_join());
+		}
+		return $query_object;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the where conditions that should be imposed on the query based on the
+	 * context (eg reading frontend, backend, edit or delete).
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts()
+	 * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all() 's $query_params[0]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function caps_where_conditions($context = self::caps_read)
+	{
+		EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
+		$cap_where_conditions = array();
+		$cap_restrictions = $this->caps_missing($context);
+		/**
+		 * @var $cap_restrictions EE_Default_Where_Conditions[]
+		 */
+		foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
+			$cap_where_conditions = array_replace_recursive($cap_where_conditions,
+				$restriction_if_no_cap->get_default_where_conditions());
+		}
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__caps_where_conditions__return', $cap_where_conditions, $this, $context,
+			$cap_restrictions);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Verifies that $should_be_order_string is in $this->_allowed_order_values,
+	 * otherwise throws an exception
+	 *
+	 * @param string $should_be_order_string
+	 * @return string either ASC, asc, DESC or desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _extract_order($should_be_order_string)
+	{
+		if (in_array($should_be_order_string, $this->_allowed_order_values)) {
+			return $should_be_order_string;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					"While performing a query on '%s', tried to use '%s' as an order parameter. ",
+					"event_espresso"
+				), get_class($this), $should_be_order_string
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Looks at all the models which are included in this query, and asks each
+	 * for their universal_where_params, and returns them in the same format as $query_params[0] (where),
+	 * so they can be merged
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier
+	 * @param string                      $use_default_where_conditions can be 'none','other_models_only', or 'all'.
+	 *                                                                  'none' means NO default where conditions will
+	 *                                                                  be used AT ALL during this query.
+	 *                                                                  'other_models_only' means default where
+	 *                                                                  conditions from other models will be used, but
+	 *                                                                  not for this primary model. 'all', the default,
+	 *                                                                  means default where conditions will apply as
+	 *                                                                  normal
+	 * @param array                       $where_query_params           like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return array like $query_params[0], see EEM_Base::get_all for documentation
+	 */
+	private function _get_default_where_conditions_for_models_in_query(
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $query_info_carrier,
+		$use_default_where_conditions = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+		$where_query_params = array()
+	) {
+		$allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values = EEM_Base::valid_default_where_conditions();
+		if (! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You passed an invalid value to the query parameter 'default_where_conditions' of '%s'. Allowed values are %s",
+				"event_espresso"), $use_default_where_conditions,
+				implode(", ", $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)));
+		}
+		$universal_query_params = array();
+		if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
+			$universal_query_params = $this->_get_default_where_conditions();
+		} else if ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
+			$universal_query_params = $this->_get_minimum_where_conditions();
+		}
+		foreach ($query_info_carrier->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_path => $model_name) {
+			$related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
+			if ( $this->_should_use_default_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
+				$related_model_universal_where_params = $related_model->_get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+			} elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
+				$related_model_universal_where_params = $related_model->_get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+			} else {
+				//we don't want to add full or even minimum default where conditions from this model, so just continue
+				continue;
+			}
+			$overrides = $this->_override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
+				$related_model_universal_where_params,
+				$where_query_params,
+				$related_model,
+				$model_relation_path
+			);
+			$universal_query_params = EEH_Array::merge_arrays_and_overwrite_keys(
+				$universal_query_params,
+				$overrides
+			);
+		}
+		return $universal_query_params;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether or not we should use default where conditions for the model in question
+	 * (this model, or other related models).
+	 * Basically, we should use default where conditions on this model if they have requested to use them on all models,
+	 * this model only, or to use minimum where conditions on all other models and normal where conditions on this one.
+	 * We should use default where conditions on related models when they requested to use default where conditions
+	 * on all models, or specifically just on other related models
+	 * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
+	 * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _should_use_default_where_conditions( $default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true )
+	{
+		return (
+				   $for_this_model
+				   && in_array(
+					   $default_where_conditions_value,
+					   array(
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+					   ),
+					   true
+				   )
+			   )
+			   || (
+				   ! $for_this_model
+				   && in_array(
+					   $default_where_conditions_value,
+					   array(
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
+					   ),
+					   true
+				   )
+			   );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether or not we should use default minimum conditions for the model in question
+	 * (this model, or other related models).
+	 * Basically, we should use minimum where conditions on this model only if they requested all models to use minimum
+	 * where conditions.
+	 * We should use minimum where conditions on related models if they requested to use minimum where conditions
+	 * on this model or others
+	 * @param      $default_where_conditions_value
+	 * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _should_use_minimum_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
+	{
+		return (
+				   $for_this_model
+				   && $default_where_conditions_value === EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all
+			   )
+			   || (
+				   ! $for_this_model
+				   && in_array(
+					   $default_where_conditions_value,
+					   array(
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+						   EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
+					   ),
+					   true
+				   )
+			   );
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if any of the defaults have been overridden. If there are any that AREN'T overridden,
+	 * then we also add a special where condition which allows for that model's primary key
+	 * to be null (which is important for JOINs. Eg, if you want to see all Events ordered by Venue's name,
+	 * then Event's with NO Venue won't appear unless you allow VNU_ID to be NULL)
+	 *
+	 * @param array    $default_where_conditions
+	 * @param array    $provided_where_conditions
+	 * @param EEM_Base $model
+	 * @param string   $model_relation_path like 'Transaction.Payment.'
+	 * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _override_defaults_or_make_null_friendly(
+		$default_where_conditions,
+		$provided_where_conditions,
+		$model,
+		$model_relation_path
+	) {
+		$null_friendly_where_conditions = array();
+		$none_overridden = true;
+		$or_condition_key_for_defaults = 'OR*' . get_class($model);
+		foreach ($default_where_conditions as $key => $val) {
+			if (isset($provided_where_conditions[$key])) {
+				$none_overridden = false;
+			} else {
+				$null_friendly_where_conditions[$or_condition_key_for_defaults]['AND'][$key] = $val;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($none_overridden && $default_where_conditions) {
+			if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+				$null_friendly_where_conditions[$or_condition_key_for_defaults][$model_relation_path
+																				. "."
+																				. $model->primary_key_name()] = array('IS NULL');
+			}/*else{
 				//@todo NO PK, use other defaults
 			}*/
-        }
-        return $null_friendly_where_conditions;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Uses the _default_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
-     * default where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
-     * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
-     * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
-     * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
-     */
-    private function _get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path = null)
-    {
-        if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Uses the _minimum_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
-     * minimum where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
-     * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
-     * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
-     * Similar to _get_default_where_conditions
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
-     * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
-     */
-    protected function _get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path = null)
-    {
-        if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates the string of SQL for the select part of a select query, everything behind SELECT and before FROM.
-     * Eg, "Event.post_id, Event.post_name,Event_Detail.EVT_ID..."
-     *
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_default_select_sql(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
-    {
-        $selects = $this->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model();
-        foreach (
-            $model_query_info->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_chain =>
-            $name_of_other_model_included
-        ) {
-            $other_model_included = $this->get_related_model_obj($name_of_other_model_included);
-            $other_model_selects = $other_model_included->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain);
-            foreach ($other_model_selects as $key => $value) {
-                $selects[] = $value;
-            }
-        }
-        return implode(", ", $selects);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array of columns to select for this model, which are necessary for it to create its objects.
-     * So that's going to be the columns for all the fields on the model
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_chain like 'Question.Question_Group.Event'
-     * @return array numerically indexed, values are columns to select and rename, eg "Event.ID AS 'Event.ID'"
-     */
-    public function _get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain = '')
-    {
-        $fields = $this->field_settings();
-        $selects = array();
-        $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($model_relation_chain,
-            $this->get_this_model_name());
-        foreach ($fields as $field_obj) {
-            $selects[] = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
-                         . "."
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_column()
-                         . " AS '"
-                         . $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
-                         . "."
-                         . $field_obj->get_table_column()
-                         . "'";
-        }
-        //make sure we are also getting the PKs of each table
-        $tables = $this->get_tables();
-        if (count($tables) > 1) {
-            foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
-                $qualified_pk_column = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
-                                       . $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
-                if (! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
-                    $selects[] = "$qualified_pk_column AS '$qualified_pk_column'";
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $selects;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Given a $query_param like 'Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID', pops off 'Registration.',
-     * gets the join statement for it; gets the data types for it; and passes the remaining 'Transaction.TXN_ID'
-     * onto its related Transaction object to do the same. Returns an EE_Join_And_Data_Types object which contains the
-     * SQL for joining, and the data types
-     *
-     * @param null|string                 $original_query_param
-     * @param string                      $query_param          like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
-     * @param    string                   $query_param_type     like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
-     *                                                          or 'PAY_ID'. Otherwise, we don't expect there to be a
-     *                                                          column name. We only want model names, eg 'Event.Venue'
-     *                                                          or 'Registration's
-     * @param string                      $original_query_param what it originally was (eg
-     *                                                          Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID). If null, we assume it
-     *                                                          matches $query_param
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return void only modifies the EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier passed into it
-     */
-    private function _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-        $query_param,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
-        $query_param_type,
-        $original_query_param = null
-    ) {
-        if ($original_query_param === null) {
-            $original_query_param = $query_param;
-        }
-        $query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);
-        /** @var $allow_logic_query_params bool whether or not to allow logic_query_params like 'NOT','OR', or 'AND' */
-        $allow_logic_query_params = in_array($query_param_type, array('where', 'having'));
-        $allow_fields = in_array($query_param_type, array('where', 'having', 'order_by', 'group_by', 'order'));
-        //check to see if we have a field on this model
-        $this_model_fields = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this_model_fields)) {
-            if ($allow_fields) {
-                return;
-            }
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        "Using a field name (%s) on model %s is not allowed on this query param type '%s'. Original query param was %s",
-                        "event_espresso"
-                    ),
-                    $query_param, get_class($this), $query_param_type, $original_query_param
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        //check if this is a special logic query param
-        if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-            if ($allow_logic_query_params) {
-                return;
-            }
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        'Logic query params ("%1$s") are being used incorrectly with the following query param ("%2$s") on model %3$s. %4$sAdditional Info:%4$s%5$s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    implode('", "', $this->_logic_query_param_keys),
-                    $query_param,
-                    get_class($this),
-                    '<br />',
-                    "\t"
-                    . ' $passed_in_query_info = <pre>'
-                    . print_r($passed_in_query_info, true)
-                    . '</pre>'
-                    . "\n\t"
-                    . ' $query_param_type = '
-                    . $query_param_type
-                    . "\n\t"
-                    . ' $original_query_param = '
-                    . $original_query_param
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        //check if it's a custom selection
-        if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this->_custom_selections)) {
-            return;
-        }
-        //check if has a model name at the beginning
-        //and
-        //check if it's a field on a related model
-        foreach ($this->_model_relations as $valid_related_model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (strpos($query_param, $valid_related_model_name . ".") === 0) {
-                $this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $passed_in_query_info, $original_query_param);
-                $query_param = substr($query_param, strlen($valid_related_model_name . "."));
-                if ($query_param === '') {
-                    //nothing left to $query_param
-                    //we should actually end in a field name, not a model like this!
-                    throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Query param '%s' (of type %s on model %s) shouldn't end on a period (.) ",
-                        "event_espresso"),
-                        $query_param, $query_param_type, get_class($this), $valid_related_model_name));
-                }
-                $related_model_obj = $this->get_related_model_obj($valid_related_model_name);
-                $related_model_obj->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
-                    $query_param,
-                    $passed_in_query_info, $query_param_type, $original_query_param
-                );
-                return;
-            }
-            if ($query_param === $valid_related_model_name) {
-                $this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $passed_in_query_info, $original_query_param);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-        //ok so $query_param didn't start with a model name
-        //and we previously confirmed it wasn't a logic query param or field on the current model
-        //it's wack, that's what it is
-        throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no model named '%s' related to %s. Query param type is %s and original query param is %s",
-            "event_espresso"),
-            $query_param, get_class($this), $query_param_type, $original_query_param));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Privately used by _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param to add a join to $model_name
-     * and store it on $passed_in_query_info
-     *
-     * @param string                      $model_name
-     * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
-     * @param string                      $original_query_param used to extract the relation chain between the queried
-     *                                                          model and $model_name. Eg, if we are querying Event,
-     *                                                          and are adding a join to 'Payment' with the original
-     *                                                          query param key
-     *                                                          'Registration.Transaction.Payment.PAY_amount', we want
-     *                                                          to extract 'Registration.Transaction.Payment', in case
-     *                                                          Payment wants to add default query params so that it
-     *                                                          will know what models to prepend onto its default query
-     *                                                          params or in case it wants to rename tables (in case
-     *                                                          there are multiple joins to the same table)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _add_join_to_model(
-        $model_name,
-        EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
-        $original_query_param
-    ) {
-        $relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
-        $model_relation_chain = EE_Model_Parser::extract_model_relation_chain($model_name, $original_query_param);
-        //check if the relation is HABTM, because then we're essentially doing two joins
-        //If so, join first to the JOIN table, and add its data types, and then continue as normal
-        if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation) {
-            $join_model_obj = $relation_obj->get_join_model();
-            //replace the model specified with the join model for this relation chain, whi
-            $relation_chain_to_join_model = EE_Model_Parser::replace_model_name_with_join_model_name_in_model_relation_chain($model_name,
-                $join_model_obj->get_this_model_name(), $model_relation_chain);
-            $new_query_info = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
-                array($relation_chain_to_join_model => $join_model_obj->get_this_model_name()),
-                $relation_obj->get_join_to_intermediate_model_statement($relation_chain_to_join_model));
-            $passed_in_query_info->merge($new_query_info);
-        }
-        //now just join to the other table pointed to by the relation object, and add its data types
-        $new_query_info = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
-            array($model_relation_chain => $model_name),
-            $relation_obj->get_join_statement($model_relation_chain));
-        $passed_in_query_info->merge($new_query_info);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs SQL for where clause, like "WHERE Event.ID = 23 AND Transaction.amount > 100" etc.
-     *
-     * @param array $where_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return string of SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_where_clause($where_params)
-    {
-        $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, ' AND ');
-        if ($SQL) {
-            return " WHERE " . $SQL;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just like the _construct_where_clause, except prepends 'HAVING' instead of 'WHERE',
-     * and should be passed HAVING parameters, not WHERE parameters
-     *
-     * @param array $having_params
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _construct_having_clause($having_params)
-    {
-        $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($having_params, ' AND ');
-        if ($SQL) {
-            return " HAVING " . $SQL;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EE_Model_Field on the model indicated by $model_name and the $field_name.
-     * Eg, if called with _get_field_on_model('ATT_ID','Attendee'), it will return the EE_Primary_Key_Field on
-     * EEM_Attendee.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_field_on_model($field_name, $model_name)
-    {
-        $model_class = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-        $model_filepath = $model_class . ".model.php";
-        if (is_readable($model_filepath)) {
-            require_once($model_filepath);
-            $model_instance = call_user_func($model_name . "::instance");
-            /* @var $model_instance EEM_Base */
-            return $model_instance->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    'No model named %s exists, with classname %s and filepath %s',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ), $model_name, $model_class, $model_filepath
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used for creating nested WHERE conditions. Eg "WHERE ! (Event.ID = 3 OR ( Event_Meta.meta_key = 'bob' AND
-     * Event_Meta.meta_value = 'foo'))"
-     *
-     * @param array  $where_params see EEM_Base::get_all for documentation
-     * @param string $glue         joins each subclause together. Should really only be " AND " or " OR "...
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string of SQL
-     */
-    private function _construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, $glue = ' AND')
-    {
-        $where_clauses = array();
-        foreach ($where_params as $query_param => $op_and_value_or_sub_condition) {
-            $query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);//str_replace("*",'',$query_param);
-            if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys)) {
-                switch ($query_param) {
-                    case 'not':
-                    case 'NOT':
-                        $where_clauses[] = "! ("
-                                           . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
-                                $glue)
-                                           . ")";
-                        break;
-                    case 'and':
-                    case 'AND':
-                        $where_clauses[] = " ("
-                                           . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
-                                ' AND ')
-                                           . ")";
-                        break;
-                    case 'or':
-                    case 'OR':
-                        $where_clauses[] = " ("
-                                           . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
-                                ' OR ')
-                                           . ")";
-                        break;
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_obj = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
-                //if it's not a normal field, maybe it's a custom selection?
-                if (! $field_obj) {
-                    if (isset($this->_custom_selections[$query_param][1])) {
-                        $field_obj = $this->_custom_selections[$query_param][1];
-                    } else {
-                        throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("%s is neither a valid model field name, nor a custom selection",
-                            "event_espresso"), $query_param));
-                    }
-                }
-                $op_and_value_sql = $this->_construct_op_and_value($op_and_value_or_sub_condition, $field_obj);
-                $where_clauses[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param) . SP . $op_and_value_sql;
-            }
-        }
-        return $where_clauses ? implode($glue, $where_clauses) : '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes the input parameter and extract the table name (alias) and column name
-     *
-     * @param string $query_param like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string table alias and column name for SQL, eg "Transaction.TXN_ID"
-     */
-    private function _deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
-        if ($field) {
-            $table_alias_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_from_query_param($field->get_model_name(),
-                $query_param);
-            return $table_alias_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
-        }
-        if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this->_custom_selections)) {
-            //maybe it's custom selection item?
-            //if so, just use it as the "column name"
-            return $query_param;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    "%s is not a valid field on this model, nor a custom selection (%s)",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ), $query_param, implode(",", $this->_custom_selections)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the * and anything after it from the condition query param key. It is useful to add the * to condition
-     * query param keys (eg, 'OR*', 'EVT_ID') in order for the array keys to still be unique, so that they don't get
-     * overwritten Takes a string like 'Event.EVT_ID*', 'TXN_total**', 'OR*1st', and 'DTT_reg_start*foobar' to
-     * 'Event.EVT_ID', 'TXN_total', 'OR', and 'DTT_reg_start', respectively.
-     *
-     * @param string $condition_query_param_key
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($condition_query_param_key)
-    {
-        $pos_of_star = strpos($condition_query_param_key, '*');
-        if ($pos_of_star === false) {
-            return $condition_query_param_key;
-        }
-        $condition_query_param_sans_star = substr($condition_query_param_key, 0, $pos_of_star);
-        return $condition_query_param_sans_star;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * creates the SQL for the operator and the value in a WHERE clause, eg "< 23" or "LIKE '%monkey%'"
-     *
-     * @param                            mixed      array | string    $op_and_value
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj . If string, should be one of EEM_Base::_valid_wpdb_data_types
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _construct_op_and_value($op_and_value, $field_obj)
-    {
-        if (is_array($op_and_value)) {
-            $operator = isset($op_and_value[0]) ? $this->_prepare_operator_for_sql($op_and_value[0]) : null;
-            if (! $operator) {
-                $php_array_like_string = array();
-                foreach ($op_and_value as $key => $value) {
-                    $php_array_like_string[] = "$key=>$value";
-                }
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "You setup a query parameter like you were going to specify an operator, but didn't. You provided '(%s)', but the operator should be at array key index 0 (eg array('>',32))",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        implode(",", $php_array_like_string)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $value = isset($op_and_value[1]) ? $op_and_value[1] : null;
-        } else {
-            $operator = '=';
-            $value = $op_and_value;
-        }
-        //check to see if the value is actually another field
-        if (is_array($op_and_value) && isset($op_and_value[2]) && $op_and_value[2] == true) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
-            //in this case, the value should be an array, or at least a comma-separated list
-            //it will need to handle a little differently
-            $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_in_value($value, $field_obj);
-            //note: $cleaned_value has already been run through $wpdb->prepare()
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->_between_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
-            //the value should be an array with count of two.
-            if (count($value) !== 2) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "The '%s' operator must be used with an array of values and there must be exactly TWO values in that array.",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        "BETWEEN"
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_between_value($value, $field_obj);
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->_null_style_operators)) {
-            if ($value !== null) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "You attempted to give a value  (%s) while using a NULL-style operator (%s). That isn't valid",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        $value,
-                        $operator
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            return $operator;
-        }
-        if ($operator === 'LIKE' && ! is_array($value)) {
-            //if the operator is 'LIKE', we want to allow percent signs (%) and not
-            //remove other junk. So just treat it as a string.
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
-        }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
-        }
-        if (in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        "Operator '%s' must be used with an array of values, eg 'Registration.REG_ID' => array('%s',array(1,2,3))",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $operator,
-                    $operator
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __(
-                        "Operator '%s' must be used with a single value, not an array. Eg 'Registration.REG_ID => array('%s',23))",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $operator,
-                    $operator
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    "It appears you've provided some totally invalid query parameters. Operator and value were:'%s', which isn't right at all",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ),
-                http_build_query($op_and_value)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates the operands to be used in a BETWEEN query, eg "'2014-12-31 20:23:33' AND '2015-01-23 12:32:54'"
-     *
-     * @param array                      $values
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be the datatype to be used when querying, eg
-     *                                              '%s'
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_between_value($values, $field_obj)
-    {
-        $cleaned_values = array();
-        foreach ($values as $value) {
-            $cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
-        }
-        return $cleaned_values[0] . " AND " . $cleaned_values[1];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes an array or a comma-separated list of $values and cleans them
-     * according to $data_type using $wpdb->prepare, and then makes the list a
-     * string surrounded by ( and ). Eg, _construct_in_value(array(1,2,3),'%d') would
-     * return '(1,2,3)'; _construct_in_value("1,2,hack",'%d') would return '(1,2,1)' (assuming
-     * I'm right that a string, when interpreted as a digit, becomes a 1. It might become a 0)
-     *
-     * @param mixed                      $values    array or comma-separated string
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be a wpdb data type like '%s', or '%d'
-     * @return string of SQL to follow an 'IN' or 'NOT IN' operator
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_in_value($values, $field_obj)
-    {
-        //check if the value is a CSV list
-        if (is_string($values)) {
-            //in which case, turn it into an array
-            $values = explode(",", $values);
-        }
-        $cleaned_values = array();
-        foreach ($values as $value) {
-            $cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
-        }
-        //we would just LOVE to leave $cleaned_values as an empty array, and return the value as "()",
-        //but unfortunately that's invalid SQL. So instead we return a string which we KNOW will evaluate to be the empty set
-        //which is effectively equivalent to returning "()". We don't return "(0)" because that only works for auto-incrementing columns
-        if (empty($cleaned_values)) {
-            $all_fields = $this->field_settings();
-            $a_field = array_shift($all_fields);
-            $main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
-            $cleaned_values[] = "SELECT "
-                                . $a_field->get_table_column()
-                                . " FROM "
-                                . $main_table->get_table_name()
-                                . " WHERE FALSE";
-        }
-        return "(" . implode(",", $cleaned_values) . ")";
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed                      $value
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string it should be a wpdb data type like '%d'
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return false|null|string
-     */
-    private function _wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj)
-    {
-        /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
-        global $wpdb;
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(),
-                $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field_obj));
-        } //$field_obj should really just be a data type
-        if (! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __("%s is not a valid wpdb datatype. Valid ones are %s", "event_espresso"),
-                    $field_obj, implode(",", $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj, $value);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Takes the input parameter and finds the model field that it indicates.
-     *
-     * @param string $query_param_name like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     */
-    protected function _deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param_name)
-    {
-        //ok, now proceed with deducing which part is the model's name, and which is the field's name
-        //which will help us find the database table and column
-        $query_param_parts = explode(".", $query_param_name);
-        if (empty($query_param_parts)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("_extract_column_name is empty when trying to extract column and table name from %s",
-                'event_espresso'), $query_param_name));
-        }
-        $number_of_parts = count($query_param_parts);
-        $last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[count($query_param_parts) - 1];
-        if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
-            $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-            $model_obj = $this;
-        } else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
-            //the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
-            $field_name = $last_query_param_part;
-            $model_obj = $this->get_related_model_obj($query_param_parts[$number_of_parts - 2]);
-        }
-        try {
-            return $model_obj->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Given a field's name (ie, a key in $this->field_settings()), uses the EE_Model_Field object to get the table's
-     * alias and column which corresponds to it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function _get_qualified_column_for_field($field_name)
-    {
-        $all_fields = $this->field_settings();
-        $field = isset($all_fields[$field_name]) ? $all_fields[$field_name] : false;
-        if ($field) {
-            return $field->get_qualified_column();
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    "There is no field titled %s on model %s. Either the query trying to use it is bad, or you need to add it to the list of fields on the model.",
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ), $field_name, get_class($this)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * similar to \EEM_Base::_get_qualified_column_for_field() but returns an array with data for ALL fields.
-     * Example usage:
-     * EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
-     *      array(),
-     *      ARRAY_A,
-     *      EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields()
-     *  );
-     * is equivalent to
-     *  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results( array(), ARRAY_A, '*' );
-     * and
-     *  EEM_Event::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
-     *      array(
-     *          array(
-     *              'Datetime.Ticket.TKT_ID' => array( '<', 100 ),
-     *          ),
-     *          ARRAY_A,
-     *          implode(
-     *              ', ',
-     *              array_merge(
-     *                  EEM_Event::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( '', false ),
-     *                  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( 'Datetime', false )
-     *              )
-     *          )
-     *      )
-     *  );
-     * selects rows from the database, selecting all the event and ticket columns, where the ticket ID is below 100
-     *
-     * @param string $model_relation_chain        the chain of models used to join between the model you want to query
-     *                                            and the one whose fields you are selecting for example: when querying
-     *                                            tickets model and selecting fields from the tickets model you would
-     *                                            leave this parameter empty, because no models are needed to join
-     *                                            between the queried model and the selected one. Likewise when
-     *                                            querying the datetime model and selecting fields from the tickets
-     *                                            model, it would also be left empty, because there is a direct
-     *                                            relation from datetimes to tickets, so no model is needed to join
-     *                                            them together. However, when querying from the event model and
-     *                                            selecting fields from the ticket model, you should provide the string
-     *                                            'Datetime', indicating that the event model must first join to the
-     *                                            datetime model in order to find its relation to ticket model.
-     *                                            Also, when querying from the venue model and selecting fields from
-     *                                            the ticket model, you should provide the string 'Event.Datetime',
-     *                                            indicating you need to join the venue model to the event model,
-     *                                            to the datetime model, in order to find its relation to the ticket model.
-     *                                            This string is used to deduce the prefix that gets added onto the
-     *                                            models' tables qualified columns
-     * @param bool   $return_string               if true, will return a string with qualified column names separated
-     *                                            by ', ' if false, will simply return a numerically indexed array of
-     *                                            qualified column names
-     * @return array|string
-     */
-    public function get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields($model_relation_chain = '', $return_string = true)
-    {
-        $table_prefix = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain) . (empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
-        $qualified_columns = array();
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field) {
-            $qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
-        }
-        return $return_string ? implode(', ', $qualified_columns) : $qualified_columns;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * constructs the select use on special limit joins
-     * NOTE: for now this has only been tested and will work when the  table alias is for the PRIMARY table. Although
-     * its setup so the select query will be setup on and just doing the special select join off of the primary table
-     * (as that is typically where the limits would be set).
-     *
-     * @param  string       $table_alias The table the select is being built for
-     * @param  mixed|string $limit       The limit for this select
-     * @return string                The final select join element for the query.
-     */
-    public function _construct_limit_join_select($table_alias, $limit)
-    {
-        $SQL = '';
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
-            if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
-                $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
-                    ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_table_name() . " AS " . $table_obj->get_table_alias() . SP;
-            } elseif ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-                $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
-                    ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit_join($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias) . SP;
-            }
-        }
-        return $SQL;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs the internal join if there are multiple tables, or simply the table's name and alias
-     * Eg "wp_post AS Event" or "wp_post AS Event INNER JOIN wp_postmeta Event_Meta ON Event.ID = Event_Meta.post_id"
-     *
-     * @return string SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _construct_internal_join()
-    {
-        $SQL = $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_sql();
-        $SQL .= $this->_construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($this->_get_main_table()->get_table_alias());
-        return $SQL;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs the SQL for joining all the tables on this model.
-     * Normally $alias should be the primary table's alias, but in cases where
-     * we have already joined to a secondary table (eg, the secondary table has a foreign key and is joined before the
-     * primary table) then we should provide that secondary table's alias. Eg, with $alias being the primary table's
-     * alias, this will construct SQL like:
-     * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_secondary_table AS Secondary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
-     * With $alias being a secondary table's alias, this will construct SQL like:
-     * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_primary_table AS Primary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
-     *
-     * @param string $alias_prefixed table alias to join to (this table should already be in the FROM SQL clause)
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function _construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($alias_prefixed)
-    {
-        $SQL = '';
-        $alias_sans_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($alias_prefixed);
-        foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
-            if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {//table is secondary table
-                if ($alias_sans_prefix === $table_obj->get_table_alias()) {
-                    //so we're joining to this table, meaning the table is already in
-                    //the FROM statement, BUT the primary table isn't. So we want
-                    //to add the inverse join sql
-                    $SQL .= $table_obj->get_inverse_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
-                } else {
-                    //just add a regular JOIN to this table from the primary table
-                    $SQL .= $table_obj->get_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
-                }
-            }//if it's a primary table, dont add any SQL. it should already be in the FROM statement
-        }
-        return $SQL;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array for storing all the data types on the next-to-be-executed-query.
-     * This should be a growing array of keys being table-columns (eg 'EVT_ID' and 'Event.EVT_ID'), and values being
-     * their data type (eg, '%s', '%d', etc)
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function _get_data_types()
-    {
-        $data_types = array();
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_obj) {
-            //$data_types[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-            /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-            $data_types[$field_obj->get_qualified_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
-        }
-        return $data_types;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model object given the relation's name / model's name (eg, 'Event', 'Registration',etc. Always singular)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     */
-    public function get_related_model_obj($model_name)
-    {
-        $model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
-        if (! class_exists($model_classname)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You specified a related model named %s in your query. No such model exists, if it did, it would have the classname %s",
-                'event_espresso'), $model_name, $model_classname));
-        }
-        return call_user_func($model_classname . "::instance");
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the array of EE_ModelRelations for this model.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base[]
-     */
-    public function relation_settings()
-    {
-        return $this->_model_relations;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all related models that this model BELONGS TO. Handy to know sometimes
-     * because without THOSE models, this model probably doesn't have much purpose.
-     * (Eg, without an event, datetimes have little purpose.)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Belongs_To_Relation[]
-     */
-    public function belongs_to_relations()
-    {
-        $belongs_to_relations = array();
-        foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $belongs_to_relations[$model_name] = $relation_obj;
-            }
-        }
-        return $belongs_to_relations;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the specified EE_Model_Relation, or throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name name of relation, key in $this->_relatedModels
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base
-     */
-    public function related_settings_for($relation_name)
-    {
-        $relatedModels = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __('Cannot get %s related to %s. There is no model relation of that type. There is, however, %s...',
-                        'event_espresso'),
-                    $relation_name,
-                    $this->_get_class_name(),
-                    implode(', ', array_keys($relatedModels))
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $relatedModels[$relation_name];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * A convenience method for getting a specific field's settings, instead of getting all field settings for all
-     * fields
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldName
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     */
-    public function field_settings_for($fieldName)
-    {
-        $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no field/column '%s' on '%s'", 'event_espresso'), $fieldName,
-                get_class($this)));
-        }
-        return $fieldSettings[$fieldName];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if this field exists on this model
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldName a key in the model's _field_settings array
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_field($fieldName)
-    {
-        $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (isset($fieldSettings[$fieldName])) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not this model has a relation to the specified model
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name possibly one of the keys in the relation_settings array
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_relation($relation_name)
-    {
-        $relations = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (isset($relations[$relation_name])) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
-     * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
-     *
-     * @param $field_obj
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_primary_key_field($field_obj)
-    {
-        return $field_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
-     * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_primary_key_field()
-    {
-        if ($this->_primary_key_field === null) {
-            foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field_obj) {
-                if ($this->is_primary_key_field($field_obj)) {
-                    $this->_primary_key_field = $field_obj;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no Primary Key defined on model %s", 'event_espresso'),
-                    get_class($this)));
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_primary_key_field;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not not there is a primary key on this model.
-     * Internally does some caching.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has_primary_key_field()
-    {
-        if ($this->_has_primary_key_field === null) {
-            try {
-                $this->get_primary_key_field();
-                $this->_has_primary_key_field = true;
-            } catch (EE_Error $e) {
-                $this->_has_primary_key_field = false;
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_has_primary_key_field;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds the first field of type $field_class_name.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_class_name class name of field that you want to find. Eg, EE_Datetime_Field,
-     *                                 EE_Foreign_Key_Field, etc
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base or null if none is found
-     */
-    public function get_a_field_of_type($field_class_name)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
-            if ($field instanceof $field_class_name) {
-                return $field;
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a foreign key field pointing to model.
-     *
-     * @param string $model_name eg Event, Registration, not EEM_Event
-     * @return EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_foreign_key_to($model_name)
-    {
-        if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
-            foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
-                if (
-                    $field instanceof EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
-                    && in_array($model_name, $field->get_model_names_pointed_to())
-                ) {
-                    $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name] = $field;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no foreign key field pointing to model %s on model %s",
-                    'event_espresso'), $model_name, get_class($this)));
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the actual table for the table alias
-     *
-     * @param string $table_alias eg Event, Event_Meta, Registration, Transaction, but maybe
-     *                            a table alias with a model chain prefix, like 'Venue__Event_Venue___Event_Meta'.
-     *                            Either one works
-     * @return EE_Table_Base
-     */
-    public function get_table_for_alias($table_alias)
-    {
-        $table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($table_alias);
-        return $this->_tables[$table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix]->get_table_name();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a flat array of all field son this model, instead of organizing them
-     * by table_alias as they are in the constructor.
-     *
-     * @param bool $include_db_only_fields flag indicating whether or not to include the db-only fields
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] where the keys are the field's name
-     */
-    public function field_settings($include_db_only_fields = false)
-    {
-        if ($include_db_only_fields) {
-            if ($this->_cached_fields === null) {
-                $this->_cached_fields = array();
-                foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
-                    foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                        $this->_cached_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return $this->_cached_fields;
-        }
-        if ($this->_cached_fields_non_db_only === null) {
-            $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only = array();
-            foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
-                foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[$field_name] = $field_obj;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     *        cycle though array of attendees and create objects out of each item
-     *
-     * @access        private
-     * @param        array $rows of results of $wpdb->get_results($query,ARRAY_A)
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class[] array keys are primary keys (if there is a primary key on the model. if not,
-     *                           numerically indexed)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _create_objects($rows = array())
-    {
-        $array_of_objects = array();
-        if (empty($rows)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key = 0;
-        $has_primary_key = $this->has_primary_key_field();
-        $primary_key_field = $has_primary_key ? $this->get_primary_key_field() : null;
-        foreach ((array)$rows as $row) {
-            if (empty($row)) {
-                //wp did its weird thing where it returns an array like array(0=>null), which is totally not helpful...
-                return array();
-            }
-            //check if we've already set this object in the results array,
-            //in which case there's no need to process it further (again)
-            if ($has_primary_key) {
-                $table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
-                    $row,
-                    $primary_key_field->get_qualified_column(),
-                    $primary_key_field->get_table_column()
-                );
-                if ($table_pk_value && isset($array_of_objects[$table_pk_value])) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-            }
-            $classInstance = $this->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __('Could not create instance of class %s from row %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                        $this->get_this_model_name(),
-                        http_build_query($row)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            //set the timezone on the instantiated objects
-            $classInstance->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-            //make sure if there is any timezone setting present that we set the timezone for the object
-            $key = $has_primary_key ? $classInstance->ID() : $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key++;
-            $array_of_objects[$key] = $classInstance;
-            //also, for all the relations of type BelongsTo, see if we can cache
-            //those related models
-            //(we could do this for other relations too, but if there are conditions
-            //that filtered out some fo the results, then we'd be caching an incomplete set
-            //so it requires a little more thought than just caching them immediately...)
-            foreach ($this->_model_relations as $modelName => $relation_obj) {
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    //check if this model's INFO is present. If so, cache it on the model
-                    $other_model = $relation_obj->get_other_model();
-                    $other_model_obj_maybe = $other_model->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
-                    //if we managed to make a model object from the results, cache it on the main model object
-                    if ($other_model_obj_maybe) {
-                        //set timezone on these other model objects if they are present
-                        $other_model_obj_maybe->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                        $classInstance->cache($modelName, $other_model_obj_maybe);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $array_of_objects;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * The purpose of this method is to allow us to create a model object that is not in the db that holds default
-     * values. A typical example of where this is used is when creating a new item and the initial load of a form.  We
-     * dont' necessarily want to test for if the object is present but just assume it is BUT load the defaults from the
-     * object (as set in the model_field!).
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class single EE_Base_Class object with default values for the properties.
-     */
-    public function create_default_object()
-    {
-        $this_model_fields_and_values = array();
-        //setup the row using default values;
-        foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            $this_model_fields_and_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-        }
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
-                                    ->load_class($className, array($this_model_fields_and_values), false, false);
-        return $classInstance;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param mixed $cols_n_values either an array of where each key is the name of a field, and the value is its value
-     *                             or an stdClass where each property is the name of a column,
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
-    {
-        if (! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
-            $cols_n_values = get_object_vars($cols_n_values);
-        }
-        $primary_key = null;
-        //make sure the array only has keys that are fields/columns on this model
-        $this_model_fields_n_values = $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
-            $primary_key = $this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()];
-        }
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        //check we actually found results that we can use to build our model object
-        //if not, return null
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if (empty($this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        } else if ($this->unique_indexes()) {
-            $first_column = reset($this_model_fields_n_values);
-            if (empty($first_column)) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-        // if there is no primary key or the object doesn't already exist in the entity map, then create a new instance
-        if ($primary_key) {
-            $classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($primary_key);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
-                $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
-                                            ->load_class($className,
-                                                array($this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone), true, false);
-                // add this new object to the entity map
-                $classInstance = $this->add_to_entity_map($classInstance);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
-                                        ->load_class($className, array($this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone),
-                                            true, false);
-        }
-        //it is entirely possible that the instantiated class object has a set timezone_string db field and has set it's internal _timezone property accordingly (see new_instance_from_db in model objects particularly EE_Event for example).  In this case, we want to make sure the model object doesn't have its timezone string overwritten by any timezone property currently set here on the model so, we intentionally override the model _timezone property with the model_object timezone property.
-        $this->set_timezone($classInstance->get_timezone());
-        return $classInstance;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model object from the  entity map if it exists
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_from_entity_map($id)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])
-            ? $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id] : null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * add_to_entity_map
-     * Adds the object to the model's entity mappings
-     *        Effectively tells the models "Hey, this model object is the most up-to-date representation of the data,
-     *        and for the remainder of the request, it's even more up-to-date than what's in the database.
-     *        So, if the database doesn't agree with what's in the entity mapper, ignore the database"
-     *        If the database gets updated directly and you want the entity mapper to reflect that change,
-     *        then this method should be called immediately after the update query
-     * Note: The map is indexed by whatever the current blog id is set (via EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id).  This is
-     * so on multisite, the entity map is specific to the query being done for a specific site.
-     *
-     * @param    EE_Base_Class $object
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function add_to_entity_map(EE_Base_Class $object)
-    {
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if (! $object instanceof $className) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You tried adding a %s to a mapping of %ss", "event_espresso"),
-                is_object($object) ? get_class($object) : $object, $className));
-        }
-        /** @var $object EE_Base_Class */
-        if (! $object->ID()) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You tried storing a model object with NO ID in the %s entity mapper.",
-                "event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
-        }
-        // double check it's not already there
-        $classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($object->ID());
-        if ($classInstance) {
-            return $classInstance;
-        }
-        $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$object->ID()] = $object;
-        return $object;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * if a valid identifier is provided, then that entity is unset from the entity map,
-     * if no identifier is provided, then the entire entity map is emptied
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function clear_entity_map($id = null)
-    {
-        if (empty($id)) {
-            $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id] = array();
-            return true;
-        }
-        if (isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])) {
-            unset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id]);
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Public wrapper for _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values.
-     * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
-     * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
-     *
-     * @param array $cols_n_values
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values)
-    {
-        return $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values
-     * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
-     * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
-     *
-     * @param string $cols_n_values
-     * @return array
-     */
-    protected function _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values)
-    {
-        $this_model_fields_n_values = array();
-        foreach ($this->get_tables() as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
-            $table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not($cols_n_values,
-                $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column(), $table_obj->get_pk_column());
-            //there is a primary key on this table and its not set. Use defaults for all its columns
-            if ($table_pk_value === null && $table_obj->get_pk_column()) {
-                foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        //prepare field as if its coming from db
-                        $prepared_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_obj->get_default_value());
-                        $this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                //the table's rows existed. Use their values
-                foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
-                        $this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
-                            $cols_n_values, $field_obj->get_qualified_column(),
-                            $field_obj->get_table_column()
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $this_model_fields_n_values;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $cols_n_values
-     * @param $qualified_column
-     * @param $regular_column
-     * @return null
-     */
-    protected function _get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not($cols_n_values, $qualified_column, $regular_column)
-    {
-        $value = null;
-        //ask the field what it think it's table_name.column_name should be, and call it the "qualified column"
-        //does the field on the model relate to this column retrieved from the db?
-        //or is it a db-only field? (not relating to the model)
-        if (isset($cols_n_values[$qualified_column])) {
-            $value = $cols_n_values[$qualified_column];
-        } elseif (isset($cols_n_values[$regular_column])) {
-            $value = $cols_n_values[$regular_column];
-        }
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_entity_map_from_db
-     * Makes sure the model object in the entity map at $id assumes the values
-     * of the database (opposite of EE_base_Class::save())
-     *
-     * @param int|string $id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_entity_map_from_db($id)
-    {
-        $obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        if ($obj_in_map) {
-            $wpdb_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results(
-                array(array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id), 'limit' => 1)
-            );
-            if ($wpdb_results && is_array($wpdb_results)) {
-                $one_row = reset($wpdb_results);
-                foreach ($this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($one_row) as $field_name => $db_value) {
-                    $obj_in_map->set_from_db($field_name, $db_value);
-                }
-                //clear the cache of related model objects
-                foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-                    $obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
-                }
-            }
-            $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id] = $obj_in_map;
-            return $obj_in_map;
-        }
-        return $this->get_one_by_ID($id);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_entity_map_with
-     * Leaves the entry in the entity map alone, but updates it to match the provided
-     * $replacing_model_obj (which we assume to be its equivalent but somehow NOT in the entity map).
-     * This is useful if you have a model object you want to make authoritative over what's in the entity map currently.
-     * Note: The old $replacing_model_obj should now be destroyed as it's now un-authoritative
-     *
-     * @param int|string    $id
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $replacing_model_obj
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_entity_map_with($id, $replacing_model_obj)
-    {
-        $obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        if ($obj_in_map) {
-            if ($replacing_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                foreach ($replacing_model_obj->model_field_array() as $field_name => $value) {
-                    $obj_in_map->set($field_name, $value);
-                }
-                //make the model object in the entity map's cache match the $replacing_model_obj
-                foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-                    $obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
-                    foreach ($replacing_model_obj->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $cache_id => $cached_obj) {
-                        $obj_in_map->cache($relation_name, $cached_obj, $cache_id);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return $obj_in_map;
-        }
-        $this->add_to_entity_map($replacing_model_obj);
-        return $replacing_model_obj;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EE class that corresponds to this model. Eg, for EEM_Answer that
-     * would be EE_Answer.To import that class, you'd just add ".class.php" to the name, like so
-     * require_once($this->_getClassName().".class.php");
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function _get_class_name()
-    {
-        return "EE_" . $this->get_this_model_name();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the name of the items this model represents, for the quantity specified. Eg,
-     * if $quantity==1, on EEM_Event, it would 'Event' (internationalized), otherwise
-     * it would be 'Events'.
-     *
-     * @param int $quantity
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function item_name($quantity = 1)
-    {
-        return (int)$quantity === 1 ? $this->singular_item : $this->plural_item;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_TempBase.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_TempBase that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments. Instead of
-     * requiring a plugin to extend the EE_TempBase (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that
-     * happen?) they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}' (eg,
-     * filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function) and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function
-     * was called, and an array of the original arguments passed to the function. Whatever their callback function
-     * returns will be returned by this function. Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     * add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3); function
-     * my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_TempBase $object,$argsArray){
-     * $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *        return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     * }
-     * require('EEM_Answer.model.php');
-     * $answer=EEM_Answer::instance();
-     * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_TempBase, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    __('Method %1$s on model %2$s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: %4$s function my_callback(%4$s \$previousReturnValue, EEM_Base \$object\ $argsArray=NULL ){%4$s     /*function body*/%4$s      return \$whatever;%4$s }%4$s add_filter( \'%3$s\', \'my_callback\', 10, 3 );',
-                        'event_espresso'),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName,
-                    '<br />'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures $base_class_obj_or_id is of the EE_Base_Class child that corresponds ot this model.
-     * If not, assumes its an ID, and uses $this->get_one_by_ID() to get the EE_Base_Class.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|string|int $base_class_obj_or_id either:
-     *                                                       the EE_Base_Class object that corresponds to this Model,
-     *                                                       the object's class name
-     *                                                       or object's ID
-     * @param boolean                  $ensure_is_in_db      if set, we will also verify this model object
-     *                                                       exists in the database. If it does not, we add it
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function ensure_is_obj($base_class_obj_or_id, $ensure_is_in_db = false)
-    {
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
-            $model_object = $base_class_obj_or_id;
-        } else {
-            $primary_key_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
-            if (
-                $primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Int_Field
-                && (
-                    is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)
-                    || is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
-                )
-            ) {
-                // assume it's an ID.
-                // either a proper integer or a string representing an integer (eg "101" instead of 101)
-                $model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
-            } else if (
-                $primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_String_Field
-                && is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
-            ) {
-                // assume its a string representation of the object
-                $model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            "'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $base_class_obj_or_id,
-                        $this->_get_class_name(),
-                        print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        if ($ensure_is_in_db && $model_object->ID() !== null) {
-            $model_object->save();
-        }
-        return $model_object;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to ensure_is_obj(), this method makes sure $base_class_obj_or_id
-     * is a value of the this model's primary key. If it's an EE_Base_Class child,
-     * returns it ID.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $base_class_obj_or_id
-     * @return int|string depending on the type of this model object's ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ensure_is_ID($base_class_obj_or_id)
-    {
-        $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
-            /** @var $base_class_obj_or_id EE_Base_Class */
-            $id = $base_class_obj_or_id->ID();
-        } elseif (is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
-            //assume it's an ID
-            $id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
-        } elseif (is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
-            //assume its a string representation of the object
-            $id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
-                'event_espresso'), $base_class_obj_or_id, $this->_get_class_name(),
-                print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)));
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether the values passed to the model (eg, values in WHERE, values in INSERT, UPDATE, etc)
-     * have already been ran through the appropriate model field's prepare_for_use_in_db method. IE, they have
-     * been sanitized and converted into the appropriate domain.
-     * Usually the only place you'll want to change the default (which is to assume values have NOT been sanitized by
-     * the model object/model field) is when making a method call from WITHIN a model object, which has direct access
-     * to its sanitized values. Note: after changing this setting, you should set it back to its previous value (using
-     * get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()) eg.
-     * $EVT = EEM_Event::instance(); $old_setting =
-     * $EVT->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-     * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-     * $EVT->update(array('foo'=>'bar'),array(array('foo'=>'monkey')));
-     * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object($old_setting);
-     *
-     * @param int $values_already_prepared like one of the constants on EEM_Base
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-        $values_already_prepared = self::not_prepared_by_model_object
-    ) {
-        $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = $values_already_prepared;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Read comments for assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
-    {
-        return $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the indexes on this model
-     *
-     * @return EE_Index[]
-     */
-    public function indexes()
-    {
-        return $this->_indexes;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the Unique Indexes on this model
-     *
-     * @return EE_Unique_Index[]
-     */
-    public function unique_indexes()
-    {
-        $unique_indexes = array();
-        foreach ($this->_indexes as $name => $index) {
-            if ($index instanceof EE_Unique_Index) {
-                $unique_indexes [$name] = $index;
-            }
-        }
-        return $unique_indexes;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the fields which, when combined, make the primary key.
-     * This is usually just an array with 1 element (the primary key), but in cases
-     * where there is no primary key, it's a combination of fields as defined
-     * on a primary index
-     *
-     * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] indexed by the field's name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-    {
-        foreach ($this->indexes() as $index) {
-            if ($index instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Index) {
-                return $index->fields();
-            }
-        }
-        return array($this->primary_key_name() => $this->get_primary_key_field());
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to build a primary key string (when the model has no primary key),
-     * which can be used a unique string to identify this model object.
-     *
-     * @param array $cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their values
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_index_primary_key_string($cols_n_values)
-    {
-        $cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index = array_intersect_key($cols_n_values,
-            $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-        return http_build_query($cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field values from the primary key string
-     *
-     * @see EEM_Base::get_combined_primary_key_fields() and EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string()
-     * @param string $index_primary_key_string
-     * @return null|array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function parse_index_primary_key_string($index_primary_key_string)
-    {
-        $key_fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
-        //check all of them are in the $id
-        $key_vals_in_combined_pk = array();
-        parse_str($index_primary_key_string, $key_vals_in_combined_pk);
-        foreach ($key_fields as $key_field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[$key_field_name])) {
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $key_vals_in_combined_pk;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that an array of key-value pairs for model fields has a key
-     * for each field comprising the primary key index
-     *
-     * @param array $key_vals
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($key_vals)
-    {
-        $keys_it_should_have = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
-        foreach ($keys_it_should_have as $key) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals[$key])) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Finds all model objects in the DB that appear to be a copy of $model_object_or_attributes_array.
-     * We consider something to be a copy if all the attributes match (except the ID, of course).
-     *
-     * @param array|EE_Base_Class $model_object_or_attributes_array If its an array, it's field-value pairs
-     * @param array               $query_params                     like EEM_Base::get_all's query_params.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return \EE_Base_Class[] Array keys are object IDs (if there is a primary key on the model. if not, numerically
-     *                                                              indexed)
-     */
-    public function get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($model_object_or_attributes_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array->model_field_array();
-        } elseif (is_array($model_object_or_attributes_array)) {
-            $attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array;
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("get_all_copies should be provided with either a model object or an array of field-value-pairs, but was given %s",
-                "event_espresso"), $model_object_or_attributes_array));
-        }
-        //even copies obviously won't have the same ID, so remove the primary key
-        //from the WHERE conditions for finding copies (if there is a primary key, of course)
-        if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($attributes_array[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
-            unset($attributes_array[$this->primary_key_name()]);
-        }
-        if (isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $query_params[0] = array_merge($attributes_array, $query_params);
-        } else {
-            $query_params[0] = $attributes_array;
-        }
-        return $this->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first copy we find. See get_all_copies for more details
-     *
-     * @param       mixed EE_Base_Class | array        $model_object_or_attributes_array
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_one_copy($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
-            EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::get_one_copy',
-                sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
-                    gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
-            $query_params = array();
-        }
-        $query_params['limit'] = 1;
-        $copies = $this->get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params);
-        if (is_array($copies)) {
-            return array_shift($copies);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the item with the specified id. Ignores default query parameters because
-     * we have specified the ID, and its assumed we KNOW what we're doing
-     *
-     * @param array      $fields_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values
-     * @param int|string $id              the value of the primary key to update
-     * @return int number of rows updated
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_by_ID($fields_n_values, $id)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            0                          => array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id),
-            'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
-        );
-        return $this->update($fields_n_values, $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes an operator which was supplied to the models into one usable in SQL
-     *
-     * @param string $operator_supplied
-     * @return string an operator which can be used in SQL
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _prepare_operator_for_sql($operator_supplied)
-    {
-        $sql_operator = isset($this->_valid_operators[$operator_supplied]) ? $this->_valid_operators[$operator_supplied]
-            : null;
-        if ($sql_operator) {
-            return $sql_operator;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    "The operator '%s' is not in the list of valid operators: %s",
-                    "event_espresso"
-                ), $operator_supplied, implode(",", array_keys($this->_valid_operators))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array where keys are the primary keys and values are their 'names'
-     * (as determined by the model object's name() function, which is often overridden)
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like get_all's
-     * @return string[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_all_names($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $objs = $this->get_all($query_params);
-        $names = array();
-        foreach ($objs as $obj) {
-            $names[$obj->ID()] = $obj->name();
-        }
-        return $names;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets an array of primary keys from the model objects. If you acquired the model objects
-     * using EEM_Base::get_all() you don't need to call this (and probably shouldn't because
-     * this is duplicated effort and reduces efficiency) you would be better to use
-     * array_keys() on $model_objects.
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Base_Class[] $model_objects
-     * @param boolean          $filter_out_empty_ids if a model object has an ID of '' or 0, don't bother including it
-     *                                               in the returned array
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_IDs($model_objects, $filter_out_empty_ids = false)
-    {
-        if (! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                EE_Error::add_error(
-                    __('Trying to get IDs from a model than has no primary key', 'event_espresso'),
-                    __FILE__,
-                    __FUNCTION__,
-                    __LINE__
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $IDs = array();
-        foreach ($model_objects as $model_object) {
-            $id = $model_object->ID();
-            if (! $id) {
-                if ($filter_out_empty_ids) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error(
-                        __(
-                            'Called %1$s on a model object that has no ID and so probably hasn\'t been saved to the database',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        __FILE__,
-                        __FUNCTION__,
-                        __LINE__
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-            $IDs[] = $id;
-        }
-        return $IDs;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the string used in capabilities relating to this model. If there
-     * are no capabilities that relate to this model returns false
-     *
-     * @return string|false
-     */
-    public function cap_slug()
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_slug', $this->_caps_slug, $this);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the capability-restrictions array (@see EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions).
-     * If $context is provided (which should be set to one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts())
-     * only returns the cap restrictions array in that context (ie, the array
-     * at that key)
-     *
-     * @param string $context
-     * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by associated capability
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function cap_restrictions($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
-    {
-        EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
-        //check if we ought to run the restriction generator first
-        if (
-            isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context])
-            && $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context] instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
-            && ! $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->has_generated_cap_restrictions()
-        ) {
-            $this->_cap_restrictions[$context] = array_merge(
-                $this->_cap_restrictions[$context],
-                $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->generate_restrictions()
-            );
-        }
-        //and make sure we've finalized the construction of each restriction
-        foreach ($this->_cap_restrictions[$context] as $where_conditions_obj) {
-            if ($where_conditions_obj instanceof EE_Default_Where_Conditions) {
-                $where_conditions_obj->_finalize_construct($this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_cap_restrictions[$context];
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Indicating whether or not this model thinks its a wp core model
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_wp_core_model()
-    {
-        return $this->_wp_core_model;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the caps that are missing which impose a restriction on
-     * queries made in this context
-     *
-     * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::caps_ constants
-     * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by capability name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function caps_missing($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
-    {
-        $missing_caps = array();
-        $cap_restrictions = $this->cap_restrictions($context);
-        foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
-            if (! EE_Capabilities::instance()
-                                 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name() . '_model_applying_caps')
-            ) {
-                $missing_caps[$cap] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
-            }
-        }
-        return $missing_caps;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the mapping from capability contexts to action strings used in capability names
-     *
-     * @return array keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are usually
-     * one of 'read', 'edit', or 'delete'
-     */
-    public function cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map', $this->_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map,
-            $this);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the action string for the specified capability context
-     *
-     * @param string $context
-     * @return string one of EEM_Base::cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() values
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function cap_action_for_context($context)
-    {
-        $mapping = $this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map();
-        if (isset($mapping[$context])) {
-            return $mapping[$context];
-        }
-        if ($action = apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_action_for_context', null, $this, $mapping, $context)) {
-            return $action;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __('Cannot find capability restrictions for context "%1$s", allowed values are:%2$s', 'event_espresso'),
-                $context,
-                implode(',', array_keys($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns all the capability contexts which are valid when querying models
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function valid_cap_contexts()
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__valid_cap_contexts', array(
-            self::caps_read,
-            self::caps_read_admin,
-            self::caps_edit,
-            self::caps_delete,
-        ));
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns all valid options for 'default_where_conditions'
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public static function valid_default_where_conditions()
-    {
-        return array(
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
-            EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none
-        );
-    }
-
-    // public static function default_where_conditions_full
-    /**
-     * Verifies $context is one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), if not it throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param string $context
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    static public function verify_is_valid_cap_context($context)
-    {
-        $valid_cap_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
-        if (in_array($context, $valid_cap_contexts)) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                __(
-                    'Context "%1$s" passed into model "%2$s" is not a valid context. They are: %3$s',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $context,
-                'EEM_Base',
-                implode(',', $valid_cap_contexts)
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clears all the models field caches. This is only useful when a sub-class
-     * might have added a field or something and these caches might be invalidated
-     */
-    protected function _invalidate_field_caches()
-    {
-        $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = array();
-        $this->_cached_fields = null;
-        $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only = null;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the list of all the where query param keys that relate to logic instead of field names
-     * (eg "and", "or", "not").
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function logic_query_param_keys()
-    {
-        return $this->_logic_query_param_keys;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines whether or not the where query param array key is for a logic query param.
-     * Eg 'OR', 'not*', and 'and*because-i-say-so' should all return true, whereas
-     * 'ATT_fname', 'EVT_name*not-you-or-me', and 'ORG_name' should return false
-     *
-     * @param $query_param_key
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function is_logic_query_param_key($query_param_key)
-    {
-        foreach ($this->logic_query_param_keys() as $logic_query_param_key) {
-            if ($query_param_key === $logic_query_param_key
-                || strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key . '*') === 0
-            ) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
+		}
+		return $null_friendly_where_conditions;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Uses the _default_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
+	 * default where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
+	 * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
+	 * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
+	 * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
+	 */
+	private function _get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path = null)
+	{
+		if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Uses the _minimum_where_conditions_strategy set during __construct() to get
+	 * minimum where conditions on all get_all, update, and delete queries done by this model.
+	 * Use the same syntax as client code. Eg on the Event model, use array('Event.EVT_post_type'=>'esp_event'),
+	 * NOT array('Event_CPT.post_type'=>'esp_event').
+	 * Similar to _get_default_where_conditions
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_path eg, path from Event to Payment is "Registration.Transaction.Payment."
+	 * @return array like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
+	 */
+	protected function _get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path = null)
+	{
+		if ($this->_ignore_where_strategy) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy->get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates the string of SQL for the select part of a select query, everything behind SELECT and before FROM.
+	 * Eg, "Event.post_id, Event.post_name,Event_Detail.EVT_ID..."
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_default_select_sql(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
+	{
+		$selects = $this->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model();
+		foreach (
+			$model_query_info->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_chain =>
+			$name_of_other_model_included
+		) {
+			$other_model_included = $this->get_related_model_obj($name_of_other_model_included);
+			$other_model_selects = $other_model_included->_get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain);
+			foreach ($other_model_selects as $key => $value) {
+				$selects[] = $value;
+			}
+		}
+		return implode(", ", $selects);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array of columns to select for this model, which are necessary for it to create its objects.
+	 * So that's going to be the columns for all the fields on the model
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_chain like 'Question.Question_Group.Event'
+	 * @return array numerically indexed, values are columns to select and rename, eg "Event.ID AS 'Event.ID'"
+	 */
+	public function _get_columns_to_select_for_this_model($model_relation_chain = '')
+	{
+		$fields = $this->field_settings();
+		$selects = array();
+		$table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($model_relation_chain,
+			$this->get_this_model_name());
+		foreach ($fields as $field_obj) {
+			$selects[] = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
+						 . "."
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_column()
+						 . " AS '"
+						 . $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_alias()
+						 . "."
+						 . $field_obj->get_table_column()
+						 . "'";
+		}
+		//make sure we are also getting the PKs of each table
+		$tables = $this->get_tables();
+		if (count($tables) > 1) {
+			foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
+				$qualified_pk_column = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
+									   . $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
+				if (! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
+					$selects[] = "$qualified_pk_column AS '$qualified_pk_column'";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $selects;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Given a $query_param like 'Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID', pops off 'Registration.',
+	 * gets the join statement for it; gets the data types for it; and passes the remaining 'Transaction.TXN_ID'
+	 * onto its related Transaction object to do the same. Returns an EE_Join_And_Data_Types object which contains the
+	 * SQL for joining, and the data types
+	 *
+	 * @param null|string                 $original_query_param
+	 * @param string                      $query_param          like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
+	 * @param    string                   $query_param_type     like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID
+	 *                                                          or 'PAY_ID'. Otherwise, we don't expect there to be a
+	 *                                                          column name. We only want model names, eg 'Event.Venue'
+	 *                                                          or 'Registration's
+	 * @param string                      $original_query_param what it originally was (eg
+	 *                                                          Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID). If null, we assume it
+	 *                                                          matches $query_param
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return void only modifies the EEM_Related_Model_Info_Carrier passed into it
+	 */
+	private function _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+		$query_param,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
+		$query_param_type,
+		$original_query_param = null
+	) {
+		if ($original_query_param === null) {
+			$original_query_param = $query_param;
+		}
+		$query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);
+		/** @var $allow_logic_query_params bool whether or not to allow logic_query_params like 'NOT','OR', or 'AND' */
+		$allow_logic_query_params = in_array($query_param_type, array('where', 'having'));
+		$allow_fields = in_array($query_param_type, array('where', 'having', 'order_by', 'group_by', 'order'));
+		//check to see if we have a field on this model
+		$this_model_fields = $this->field_settings(true);
+		if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this_model_fields)) {
+			if ($allow_fields) {
+				return;
+			}
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						"Using a field name (%s) on model %s is not allowed on this query param type '%s'. Original query param was %s",
+						"event_espresso"
+					),
+					$query_param, get_class($this), $query_param_type, $original_query_param
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		//check if this is a special logic query param
+		if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
+			if ($allow_logic_query_params) {
+				return;
+			}
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						'Logic query params ("%1$s") are being used incorrectly with the following query param ("%2$s") on model %3$s. %4$sAdditional Info:%4$s%5$s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					implode('", "', $this->_logic_query_param_keys),
+					$query_param,
+					get_class($this),
+					'<br />',
+					"\t"
+					. ' $passed_in_query_info = <pre>'
+					. print_r($passed_in_query_info, true)
+					. '</pre>'
+					. "\n\t"
+					. ' $query_param_type = '
+					. $query_param_type
+					. "\n\t"
+					. ' $original_query_param = '
+					. $original_query_param
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		//check if it's a custom selection
+		if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this->_custom_selections)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		//check if has a model name at the beginning
+		//and
+		//check if it's a field on a related model
+		foreach ($this->_model_relations as $valid_related_model_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (strpos($query_param, $valid_related_model_name . ".") === 0) {
+				$this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $passed_in_query_info, $original_query_param);
+				$query_param = substr($query_param, strlen($valid_related_model_name . "."));
+				if ($query_param === '') {
+					//nothing left to $query_param
+					//we should actually end in a field name, not a model like this!
+					throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Query param '%s' (of type %s on model %s) shouldn't end on a period (.) ",
+						"event_espresso"),
+						$query_param, $query_param_type, get_class($this), $valid_related_model_name));
+				}
+				$related_model_obj = $this->get_related_model_obj($valid_related_model_name);
+				$related_model_obj->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
+					$query_param,
+					$passed_in_query_info, $query_param_type, $original_query_param
+				);
+				return;
+			}
+			if ($query_param === $valid_related_model_name) {
+				$this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $passed_in_query_info, $original_query_param);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		//ok so $query_param didn't start with a model name
+		//and we previously confirmed it wasn't a logic query param or field on the current model
+		//it's wack, that's what it is
+		throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no model named '%s' related to %s. Query param type is %s and original query param is %s",
+			"event_espresso"),
+			$query_param, get_class($this), $query_param_type, $original_query_param));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Privately used by _extract_related_model_info_from_query_param to add a join to $model_name
+	 * and store it on $passed_in_query_info
+	 *
+	 * @param string                      $model_name
+	 * @param EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info
+	 * @param string                      $original_query_param used to extract the relation chain between the queried
+	 *                                                          model and $model_name. Eg, if we are querying Event,
+	 *                                                          and are adding a join to 'Payment' with the original
+	 *                                                          query param key
+	 *                                                          'Registration.Transaction.Payment.PAY_amount', we want
+	 *                                                          to extract 'Registration.Transaction.Payment', in case
+	 *                                                          Payment wants to add default query params so that it
+	 *                                                          will know what models to prepend onto its default query
+	 *                                                          params or in case it wants to rename tables (in case
+	 *                                                          there are multiple joins to the same table)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _add_join_to_model(
+		$model_name,
+		EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $passed_in_query_info,
+		$original_query_param
+	) {
+		$relation_obj = $this->related_settings_for($model_name);
+		$model_relation_chain = EE_Model_Parser::extract_model_relation_chain($model_name, $original_query_param);
+		//check if the relation is HABTM, because then we're essentially doing two joins
+		//If so, join first to the JOIN table, and add its data types, and then continue as normal
+		if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_HABTM_Relation) {
+			$join_model_obj = $relation_obj->get_join_model();
+			//replace the model specified with the join model for this relation chain, whi
+			$relation_chain_to_join_model = EE_Model_Parser::replace_model_name_with_join_model_name_in_model_relation_chain($model_name,
+				$join_model_obj->get_this_model_name(), $model_relation_chain);
+			$new_query_info = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
+				array($relation_chain_to_join_model => $join_model_obj->get_this_model_name()),
+				$relation_obj->get_join_to_intermediate_model_statement($relation_chain_to_join_model));
+			$passed_in_query_info->merge($new_query_info);
+		}
+		//now just join to the other table pointed to by the relation object, and add its data types
+		$new_query_info = new EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier(
+			array($model_relation_chain => $model_name),
+			$relation_obj->get_join_statement($model_relation_chain));
+		$passed_in_query_info->merge($new_query_info);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs SQL for where clause, like "WHERE Event.ID = 23 AND Transaction.amount > 100" etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $where_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return string of SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_where_clause($where_params)
+	{
+		$SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, ' AND ');
+		if ($SQL) {
+			return " WHERE " . $SQL;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just like the _construct_where_clause, except prepends 'HAVING' instead of 'WHERE',
+	 * and should be passed HAVING parameters, not WHERE parameters
+	 *
+	 * @param array $having_params
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _construct_having_clause($having_params)
+	{
+		$SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($having_params, ' AND ');
+		if ($SQL) {
+			return " HAVING " . $SQL;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EE_Model_Field on the model indicated by $model_name and the $field_name.
+	 * Eg, if called with _get_field_on_model('ATT_ID','Attendee'), it will return the EE_Primary_Key_Field on
+	 * EEM_Attendee.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_field_on_model($field_name, $model_name)
+	{
+		$model_class = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+		$model_filepath = $model_class . ".model.php";
+		if (is_readable($model_filepath)) {
+			require_once($model_filepath);
+			$model_instance = call_user_func($model_name . "::instance");
+			/* @var $model_instance EEM_Base */
+			return $model_instance->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					'No model named %s exists, with classname %s and filepath %s',
+					'event_espresso'
+				), $model_name, $model_class, $model_filepath
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used for creating nested WHERE conditions. Eg "WHERE ! (Event.ID = 3 OR ( Event_Meta.meta_key = 'bob' AND
+	 * Event_Meta.meta_value = 'foo'))"
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $where_params see EEM_Base::get_all for documentation
+	 * @param string $glue         joins each subclause together. Should really only be " AND " or " OR "...
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string of SQL
+	 */
+	private function _construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, $glue = ' AND')
+	{
+		$where_clauses = array();
+		foreach ($where_params as $query_param => $op_and_value_or_sub_condition) {
+			$query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);//str_replace("*",'',$query_param);
+			if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys)) {
+				switch ($query_param) {
+					case 'not':
+					case 'NOT':
+						$where_clauses[] = "! ("
+										   . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
+								$glue)
+										   . ")";
+						break;
+					case 'and':
+					case 'AND':
+						$where_clauses[] = " ("
+										   . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
+								' AND ')
+										   . ")";
+						break;
+					case 'or':
+					case 'OR':
+						$where_clauses[] = " ("
+										   . $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($op_and_value_or_sub_condition,
+								' OR ')
+										   . ")";
+						break;
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_obj = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
+				//if it's not a normal field, maybe it's a custom selection?
+				if (! $field_obj) {
+					if (isset($this->_custom_selections[$query_param][1])) {
+						$field_obj = $this->_custom_selections[$query_param][1];
+					} else {
+						throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("%s is neither a valid model field name, nor a custom selection",
+							"event_espresso"), $query_param));
+					}
+				}
+				$op_and_value_sql = $this->_construct_op_and_value($op_and_value_or_sub_condition, $field_obj);
+				$where_clauses[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param) . SP . $op_and_value_sql;
+			}
+		}
+		return $where_clauses ? implode($glue, $where_clauses) : '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes the input parameter and extract the table name (alias) and column name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query_param like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string table alias and column name for SQL, eg "Transaction.TXN_ID"
+	 */
+	private function _deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
+		if ($field) {
+			$table_alias_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_from_query_param($field->get_model_name(),
+				$query_param);
+			return $table_alias_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+		}
+		if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this->_custom_selections)) {
+			//maybe it's custom selection item?
+			//if so, just use it as the "column name"
+			return $query_param;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					"%s is not a valid field on this model, nor a custom selection (%s)",
+					"event_espresso"
+				), $query_param, implode(",", $this->_custom_selections)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes the * and anything after it from the condition query param key. It is useful to add the * to condition
+	 * query param keys (eg, 'OR*', 'EVT_ID') in order for the array keys to still be unique, so that they don't get
+	 * overwritten Takes a string like 'Event.EVT_ID*', 'TXN_total**', 'OR*1st', and 'DTT_reg_start*foobar' to
+	 * 'Event.EVT_ID', 'TXN_total', 'OR', and 'DTT_reg_start', respectively.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $condition_query_param_key
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($condition_query_param_key)
+	{
+		$pos_of_star = strpos($condition_query_param_key, '*');
+		if ($pos_of_star === false) {
+			return $condition_query_param_key;
+		}
+		$condition_query_param_sans_star = substr($condition_query_param_key, 0, $pos_of_star);
+		return $condition_query_param_sans_star;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * creates the SQL for the operator and the value in a WHERE clause, eg "< 23" or "LIKE '%monkey%'"
+	 *
+	 * @param                            mixed      array | string    $op_and_value
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj . If string, should be one of EEM_Base::_valid_wpdb_data_types
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _construct_op_and_value($op_and_value, $field_obj)
+	{
+		if (is_array($op_and_value)) {
+			$operator = isset($op_and_value[0]) ? $this->_prepare_operator_for_sql($op_and_value[0]) : null;
+			if (! $operator) {
+				$php_array_like_string = array();
+				foreach ($op_and_value as $key => $value) {
+					$php_array_like_string[] = "$key=>$value";
+				}
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"You setup a query parameter like you were going to specify an operator, but didn't. You provided '(%s)', but the operator should be at array key index 0 (eg array('>',32))",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						implode(",", $php_array_like_string)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$value = isset($op_and_value[1]) ? $op_and_value[1] : null;
+		} else {
+			$operator = '=';
+			$value = $op_and_value;
+		}
+		//check to see if the value is actually another field
+		if (is_array($op_and_value) && isset($op_and_value[2]) && $op_and_value[2] == true) {
+			return $operator . SP . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
+			//in this case, the value should be an array, or at least a comma-separated list
+			//it will need to handle a little differently
+			$cleaned_value = $this->_construct_in_value($value, $field_obj);
+			//note: $cleaned_value has already been run through $wpdb->prepare()
+			return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->_between_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
+			//the value should be an array with count of two.
+			if (count($value) !== 2) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"The '%s' operator must be used with an array of values and there must be exactly TWO values in that array.",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						"BETWEEN"
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$cleaned_value = $this->_construct_between_value($value, $field_obj);
+			return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->_null_style_operators)) {
+			if ($value !== null) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"You attempted to give a value  (%s) while using a NULL-style operator (%s). That isn't valid",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						$value,
+						$operator
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			return $operator;
+		}
+		if ($operator === 'LIKE' && ! is_array($value)) {
+			//if the operator is 'LIKE', we want to allow percent signs (%) and not
+			//remove other junk. So just treat it as a string.
+			return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
+		}
+		if (! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
+			return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+		}
+		if (in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						"Operator '%s' must be used with an array of values, eg 'Registration.REG_ID' => array('%s',array(1,2,3))",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$operator,
+					$operator
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if (! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__(
+						"Operator '%s' must be used with a single value, not an array. Eg 'Registration.REG_ID => array('%s',23))",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$operator,
+					$operator
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					"It appears you've provided some totally invalid query parameters. Operator and value were:'%s', which isn't right at all",
+					"event_espresso"
+				),
+				http_build_query($op_and_value)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates the operands to be used in a BETWEEN query, eg "'2014-12-31 20:23:33' AND '2015-01-23 12:32:54'"
+	 *
+	 * @param array                      $values
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be the datatype to be used when querying, eg
+	 *                                              '%s'
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_between_value($values, $field_obj)
+	{
+		$cleaned_values = array();
+		foreach ($values as $value) {
+			$cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+		}
+		return $cleaned_values[0] . " AND " . $cleaned_values[1];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes an array or a comma-separated list of $values and cleans them
+	 * according to $data_type using $wpdb->prepare, and then makes the list a
+	 * string surrounded by ( and ). Eg, _construct_in_value(array(1,2,3),'%d') would
+	 * return '(1,2,3)'; _construct_in_value("1,2,hack",'%d') would return '(1,2,1)' (assuming
+	 * I'm right that a string, when interpreted as a digit, becomes a 1. It might become a 0)
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed                      $values    array or comma-separated string
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string, it should be a wpdb data type like '%s', or '%d'
+	 * @return string of SQL to follow an 'IN' or 'NOT IN' operator
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_in_value($values, $field_obj)
+	{
+		//check if the value is a CSV list
+		if (is_string($values)) {
+			//in which case, turn it into an array
+			$values = explode(",", $values);
+		}
+		$cleaned_values = array();
+		foreach ($values as $value) {
+			$cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+		}
+		//we would just LOVE to leave $cleaned_values as an empty array, and return the value as "()",
+		//but unfortunately that's invalid SQL. So instead we return a string which we KNOW will evaluate to be the empty set
+		//which is effectively equivalent to returning "()". We don't return "(0)" because that only works for auto-incrementing columns
+		if (empty($cleaned_values)) {
+			$all_fields = $this->field_settings();
+			$a_field = array_shift($all_fields);
+			$main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
+			$cleaned_values[] = "SELECT "
+								. $a_field->get_table_column()
+								. " FROM "
+								. $main_table->get_table_name()
+								. " WHERE FALSE";
+		}
+		return "(" . implode(",", $cleaned_values) . ")";
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed                      $value
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base|string $field_obj if string it should be a wpdb data type like '%d'
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return false|null|string
+	 */
+	private function _wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj)
+	{
+		/** @type WPDB $wpdb */
+		global $wpdb;
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(),
+				$this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field_obj));
+		} //$field_obj should really just be a data type
+		if (! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__("%s is not a valid wpdb datatype. Valid ones are %s", "event_espresso"),
+					$field_obj, implode(",", $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj, $value);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Takes the input parameter and finds the model field that it indicates.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $query_param_name like Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID, Event.Datetime.start_time, or REG_ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 */
+	protected function _deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param_name)
+	{
+		//ok, now proceed with deducing which part is the model's name, and which is the field's name
+		//which will help us find the database table and column
+		$query_param_parts = explode(".", $query_param_name);
+		if (empty($query_param_parts)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("_extract_column_name is empty when trying to extract column and table name from %s",
+				'event_espresso'), $query_param_name));
+		}
+		$number_of_parts = count($query_param_parts);
+		$last_query_param_part = $query_param_parts[count($query_param_parts) - 1];
+		if ($number_of_parts === 1) {
+			$field_name = $last_query_param_part;
+			$model_obj = $this;
+		} else {// $number_of_parts >= 2
+			//the last part is the column name, and there are only 2parts. therefore...
+			$field_name = $last_query_param_part;
+			$model_obj = $this->get_related_model_obj($query_param_parts[$number_of_parts - 2]);
+		}
+		try {
+			return $model_obj->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Given a field's name (ie, a key in $this->field_settings()), uses the EE_Model_Field object to get the table's
+	 * alias and column which corresponds to it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function _get_qualified_column_for_field($field_name)
+	{
+		$all_fields = $this->field_settings();
+		$field = isset($all_fields[$field_name]) ? $all_fields[$field_name] : false;
+		if ($field) {
+			return $field->get_qualified_column();
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					"There is no field titled %s on model %s. Either the query trying to use it is bad, or you need to add it to the list of fields on the model.",
+					'event_espresso'
+				), $field_name, get_class($this)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * similar to \EEM_Base::_get_qualified_column_for_field() but returns an array with data for ALL fields.
+	 * Example usage:
+	 * EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
+	 *      array(),
+	 *      ARRAY_A,
+	 *      EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields()
+	 *  );
+	 * is equivalent to
+	 *  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results( array(), ARRAY_A, '*' );
+	 * and
+	 *  EEM_Event::instance()->get_all_wpdb_results(
+	 *      array(
+	 *          array(
+	 *              'Datetime.Ticket.TKT_ID' => array( '<', 100 ),
+	 *          ),
+	 *          ARRAY_A,
+	 *          implode(
+	 *              ', ',
+	 *              array_merge(
+	 *                  EEM_Event::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( '', false ),
+	 *                  EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields( 'Datetime', false )
+	 *              )
+	 *          )
+	 *      )
+	 *  );
+	 * selects rows from the database, selecting all the event and ticket columns, where the ticket ID is below 100
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_relation_chain        the chain of models used to join between the model you want to query
+	 *                                            and the one whose fields you are selecting for example: when querying
+	 *                                            tickets model and selecting fields from the tickets model you would
+	 *                                            leave this parameter empty, because no models are needed to join
+	 *                                            between the queried model and the selected one. Likewise when
+	 *                                            querying the datetime model and selecting fields from the tickets
+	 *                                            model, it would also be left empty, because there is a direct
+	 *                                            relation from datetimes to tickets, so no model is needed to join
+	 *                                            them together. However, when querying from the event model and
+	 *                                            selecting fields from the ticket model, you should provide the string
+	 *                                            'Datetime', indicating that the event model must first join to the
+	 *                                            datetime model in order to find its relation to ticket model.
+	 *                                            Also, when querying from the venue model and selecting fields from
+	 *                                            the ticket model, you should provide the string 'Event.Datetime',
+	 *                                            indicating you need to join the venue model to the event model,
+	 *                                            to the datetime model, in order to find its relation to the ticket model.
+	 *                                            This string is used to deduce the prefix that gets added onto the
+	 *                                            models' tables qualified columns
+	 * @param bool   $return_string               if true, will return a string with qualified column names separated
+	 *                                            by ', ' if false, will simply return a numerically indexed array of
+	 *                                            qualified column names
+	 * @return array|string
+	 */
+	public function get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields($model_relation_chain = '', $return_string = true)
+	{
+		$table_prefix = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain) . (empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
+		$qualified_columns = array();
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field) {
+			$qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+		}
+		return $return_string ? implode(', ', $qualified_columns) : $qualified_columns;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * constructs the select use on special limit joins
+	 * NOTE: for now this has only been tested and will work when the  table alias is for the PRIMARY table. Although
+	 * its setup so the select query will be setup on and just doing the special select join off of the primary table
+	 * (as that is typically where the limits would be set).
+	 *
+	 * @param  string       $table_alias The table the select is being built for
+	 * @param  mixed|string $limit       The limit for this select
+	 * @return string                The final select join element for the query.
+	 */
+	public function _construct_limit_join_select($table_alias, $limit)
+	{
+		$SQL = '';
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
+			if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
+				$SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
+					? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit($limit)
+					: SP . $table_obj->get_table_name() . " AS " . $table_obj->get_table_alias() . SP;
+			} elseif ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+				$SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
+					? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit_join($limit)
+					: SP . $table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias) . SP;
+			}
+		}
+		return $SQL;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs the internal join if there are multiple tables, or simply the table's name and alias
+	 * Eg "wp_post AS Event" or "wp_post AS Event INNER JOIN wp_postmeta Event_Meta ON Event.ID = Event_Meta.post_id"
+	 *
+	 * @return string SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _construct_internal_join()
+	{
+		$SQL = $this->_get_main_table()->get_table_sql();
+		$SQL .= $this->_construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($this->_get_main_table()->get_table_alias());
+		return $SQL;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs the SQL for joining all the tables on this model.
+	 * Normally $alias should be the primary table's alias, but in cases where
+	 * we have already joined to a secondary table (eg, the secondary table has a foreign key and is joined before the
+	 * primary table) then we should provide that secondary table's alias. Eg, with $alias being the primary table's
+	 * alias, this will construct SQL like:
+	 * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_secondary_table AS Secondary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
+	 * With $alias being a secondary table's alias, this will construct SQL like:
+	 * " INNER JOIN wp_esp_primary_table AS Primary_Table ON Primary_Table.pk = Secondary_Table.fk".
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias_prefixed table alias to join to (this table should already be in the FROM SQL clause)
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function _construct_internal_join_to_table_with_alias($alias_prefixed)
+	{
+		$SQL = '';
+		$alias_sans_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($alias_prefixed);
+		foreach ($this->_tables as $table_obj) {
+			if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {//table is secondary table
+				if ($alias_sans_prefix === $table_obj->get_table_alias()) {
+					//so we're joining to this table, meaning the table is already in
+					//the FROM statement, BUT the primary table isn't. So we want
+					//to add the inverse join sql
+					$SQL .= $table_obj->get_inverse_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
+				} else {
+					//just add a regular JOIN to this table from the primary table
+					$SQL .= $table_obj->get_join_sql($alias_prefixed);
+				}
+			}//if it's a primary table, dont add any SQL. it should already be in the FROM statement
+		}
+		return $SQL;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array for storing all the data types on the next-to-be-executed-query.
+	 * This should be a growing array of keys being table-columns (eg 'EVT_ID' and 'Event.EVT_ID'), and values being
+	 * their data type (eg, '%s', '%d', etc)
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function _get_data_types()
+	{
+		$data_types = array();
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_obj) {
+			//$data_types[$field_obj->get_table_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+			/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
+			$data_types[$field_obj->get_qualified_column()] = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
+		}
+		return $data_types;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model object given the relation's name / model's name (eg, 'Event', 'Registration',etc. Always singular)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 */
+	public function get_related_model_obj($model_name)
+	{
+		$model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
+		if (! class_exists($model_classname)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You specified a related model named %s in your query. No such model exists, if it did, it would have the classname %s",
+				'event_espresso'), $model_name, $model_classname));
+		}
+		return call_user_func($model_classname . "::instance");
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the array of EE_ModelRelations for this model.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base[]
+	 */
+	public function relation_settings()
+	{
+		return $this->_model_relations;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all related models that this model BELONGS TO. Handy to know sometimes
+	 * because without THOSE models, this model probably doesn't have much purpose.
+	 * (Eg, without an event, datetimes have little purpose.)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Belongs_To_Relation[]
+	 */
+	public function belongs_to_relations()
+	{
+		$belongs_to_relations = array();
+		foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$belongs_to_relations[$model_name] = $relation_obj;
+			}
+		}
+		return $belongs_to_relations;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the specified EE_Model_Relation, or throws an exception
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name name of relation, key in $this->_relatedModels
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Model_Relation_Base
+	 */
+	public function related_settings_for($relation_name)
+	{
+		$relatedModels = $this->relation_settings();
+		if (! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__('Cannot get %s related to %s. There is no model relation of that type. There is, however, %s...',
+						'event_espresso'),
+					$relation_name,
+					$this->_get_class_name(),
+					implode(', ', array_keys($relatedModels))
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $relatedModels[$relation_name];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * A convenience method for getting a specific field's settings, instead of getting all field settings for all
+	 * fields
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldName
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 */
+	public function field_settings_for($fieldName)
+	{
+		$fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
+		if (! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no field/column '%s' on '%s'", 'event_espresso'), $fieldName,
+				get_class($this)));
+		}
+		return $fieldSettings[$fieldName];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if this field exists on this model
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldName a key in the model's _field_settings array
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_field($fieldName)
+	{
+		$fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
+		if (isset($fieldSettings[$fieldName])) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not this model has a relation to the specified model
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name possibly one of the keys in the relation_settings array
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_relation($relation_name)
+	{
+		$relations = $this->relation_settings();
+		if (isset($relations[$relation_name])) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
+	 * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
+	 *
+	 * @param $field_obj
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_primary_key_field($field_obj)
+	{
+		return $field_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * gets the field object of type 'primary_key' from the fieldsSettings attribute.
+	 * Eg, on EE_Answer that would be ANS_ID field object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_key_field()
+	{
+		if ($this->_primary_key_field === null) {
+			foreach ($this->field_settings(true) as $field_obj) {
+				if ($this->is_primary_key_field($field_obj)) {
+					$this->_primary_key_field = $field_obj;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no Primary Key defined on model %s", 'event_espresso'),
+					get_class($this)));
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_primary_key_field;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not not there is a primary key on this model.
+	 * Internally does some caching.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has_primary_key_field()
+	{
+		if ($this->_has_primary_key_field === null) {
+			try {
+				$this->get_primary_key_field();
+				$this->_has_primary_key_field = true;
+			} catch (EE_Error $e) {
+				$this->_has_primary_key_field = false;
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_has_primary_key_field;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds the first field of type $field_class_name.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_class_name class name of field that you want to find. Eg, EE_Datetime_Field,
+	 *                                 EE_Foreign_Key_Field, etc
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base or null if none is found
+	 */
+	public function get_a_field_of_type($field_class_name)
+	{
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
+			if ($field instanceof $field_class_name) {
+				return $field;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a foreign key field pointing to model.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_name eg Event, Registration, not EEM_Event
+	 * @return EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_foreign_key_to($model_name)
+	{
+		if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
+			foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
+				if (
+					$field instanceof EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
+					&& in_array($model_name, $field->get_model_names_pointed_to())
+				) {
+					$this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name] = $field;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no foreign key field pointing to model %s on model %s",
+					'event_espresso'), $model_name, get_class($this)));
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the actual table for the table alias
+	 *
+	 * @param string $table_alias eg Event, Event_Meta, Registration, Transaction, but maybe
+	 *                            a table alias with a model chain prefix, like 'Venue__Event_Venue___Event_Meta'.
+	 *                            Either one works
+	 * @return EE_Table_Base
+	 */
+	public function get_table_for_alias($table_alias)
+	{
+		$table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::remove_table_alias_model_relation_chain_prefix($table_alias);
+		return $this->_tables[$table_alias_sans_model_relation_chain_prefix]->get_table_name();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a flat array of all field son this model, instead of organizing them
+	 * by table_alias as they are in the constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $include_db_only_fields flag indicating whether or not to include the db-only fields
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] where the keys are the field's name
+	 */
+	public function field_settings($include_db_only_fields = false)
+	{
+		if ($include_db_only_fields) {
+			if ($this->_cached_fields === null) {
+				$this->_cached_fields = array();
+				foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
+					foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+						$this->_cached_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return $this->_cached_fields;
+		}
+		if ($this->_cached_fields_non_db_only === null) {
+			$this->_cached_fields_non_db_only = array();
+			foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
+				foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+					/** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
+					if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+						$this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[$field_name] = $field_obj;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        cycle though array of attendees and create objects out of each item
+	 *
+	 * @access        private
+	 * @param        array $rows of results of $wpdb->get_results($query,ARRAY_A)
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class[] array keys are primary keys (if there is a primary key on the model. if not,
+	 *                           numerically indexed)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _create_objects($rows = array())
+	{
+		$array_of_objects = array();
+		if (empty($rows)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		$count_if_model_has_no_primary_key = 0;
+		$has_primary_key = $this->has_primary_key_field();
+		$primary_key_field = $has_primary_key ? $this->get_primary_key_field() : null;
+		foreach ((array)$rows as $row) {
+			if (empty($row)) {
+				//wp did its weird thing where it returns an array like array(0=>null), which is totally not helpful...
+				return array();
+			}
+			//check if we've already set this object in the results array,
+			//in which case there's no need to process it further (again)
+			if ($has_primary_key) {
+				$table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
+					$row,
+					$primary_key_field->get_qualified_column(),
+					$primary_key_field->get_table_column()
+				);
+				if ($table_pk_value && isset($array_of_objects[$table_pk_value])) {
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+			$classInstance = $this->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
+			if (! $classInstance) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__('Could not create instance of class %s from row %s', 'event_espresso'),
+						$this->get_this_model_name(),
+						http_build_query($row)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			//set the timezone on the instantiated objects
+			$classInstance->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+			//make sure if there is any timezone setting present that we set the timezone for the object
+			$key = $has_primary_key ? $classInstance->ID() : $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key++;
+			$array_of_objects[$key] = $classInstance;
+			//also, for all the relations of type BelongsTo, see if we can cache
+			//those related models
+			//(we could do this for other relations too, but if there are conditions
+			//that filtered out some fo the results, then we'd be caching an incomplete set
+			//so it requires a little more thought than just caching them immediately...)
+			foreach ($this->_model_relations as $modelName => $relation_obj) {
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					//check if this model's INFO is present. If so, cache it on the model
+					$other_model = $relation_obj->get_other_model();
+					$other_model_obj_maybe = $other_model->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
+					//if we managed to make a model object from the results, cache it on the main model object
+					if ($other_model_obj_maybe) {
+						//set timezone on these other model objects if they are present
+						$other_model_obj_maybe->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+						$classInstance->cache($modelName, $other_model_obj_maybe);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $array_of_objects;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The purpose of this method is to allow us to create a model object that is not in the db that holds default
+	 * values. A typical example of where this is used is when creating a new item and the initial load of a form.  We
+	 * dont' necessarily want to test for if the object is present but just assume it is BUT load the defaults from the
+	 * object (as set in the model_field!).
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class single EE_Base_Class object with default values for the properties.
+	 */
+	public function create_default_object()
+	{
+		$this_model_fields_and_values = array();
+		//setup the row using default values;
+		foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			$this_model_fields_and_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+		}
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		$classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
+									->load_class($className, array($this_model_fields_and_values), false, false);
+		return $classInstance;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param mixed $cols_n_values either an array of where each key is the name of a field, and the value is its value
+	 *                             or an stdClass where each property is the name of a column,
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
+	{
+		if (! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
+			$cols_n_values = get_object_vars($cols_n_values);
+		}
+		$primary_key = null;
+		//make sure the array only has keys that are fields/columns on this model
+		$this_model_fields_n_values = $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
+			$primary_key = $this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()];
+		}
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		//check we actually found results that we can use to build our model object
+		//if not, return null
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if (empty($this_model_fields_n_values[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		} else if ($this->unique_indexes()) {
+			$first_column = reset($this_model_fields_n_values);
+			if (empty($first_column)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		// if there is no primary key or the object doesn't already exist in the entity map, then create a new instance
+		if ($primary_key) {
+			$classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($primary_key);
+			if (! $classInstance) {
+				$classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
+											->load_class($className,
+												array($this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone), true, false);
+				// add this new object to the entity map
+				$classInstance = $this->add_to_entity_map($classInstance);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
+										->load_class($className, array($this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone),
+											true, false);
+		}
+		//it is entirely possible that the instantiated class object has a set timezone_string db field and has set it's internal _timezone property accordingly (see new_instance_from_db in model objects particularly EE_Event for example).  In this case, we want to make sure the model object doesn't have its timezone string overwritten by any timezone property currently set here on the model so, we intentionally override the model _timezone property with the model_object timezone property.
+		$this->set_timezone($classInstance->get_timezone());
+		return $classInstance;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model object from the  entity map if it exists
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_from_entity_map($id)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])
+			? $this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id] : null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * add_to_entity_map
+	 * Adds the object to the model's entity mappings
+	 *        Effectively tells the models "Hey, this model object is the most up-to-date representation of the data,
+	 *        and for the remainder of the request, it's even more up-to-date than what's in the database.
+	 *        So, if the database doesn't agree with what's in the entity mapper, ignore the database"
+	 *        If the database gets updated directly and you want the entity mapper to reflect that change,
+	 *        then this method should be called immediately after the update query
+	 * Note: The map is indexed by whatever the current blog id is set (via EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id).  This is
+	 * so on multisite, the entity map is specific to the query being done for a specific site.
+	 *
+	 * @param    EE_Base_Class $object
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function add_to_entity_map(EE_Base_Class $object)
+	{
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if (! $object instanceof $className) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You tried adding a %s to a mapping of %ss", "event_espresso"),
+				is_object($object) ? get_class($object) : $object, $className));
+		}
+		/** @var $object EE_Base_Class */
+		if (! $object->ID()) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You tried storing a model object with NO ID in the %s entity mapper.",
+				"event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
+		}
+		// double check it's not already there
+		$classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($object->ID());
+		if ($classInstance) {
+			return $classInstance;
+		}
+		$this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$object->ID()] = $object;
+		return $object;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * if a valid identifier is provided, then that entity is unset from the entity map,
+	 * if no identifier is provided, then the entire entity map is emptied
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id the ID of the model object
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function clear_entity_map($id = null)
+	{
+		if (empty($id)) {
+			$this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id] = array();
+			return true;
+		}
+		if (isset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id])) {
+			unset($this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id]);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Public wrapper for _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values.
+	 * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
+	 * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
+	 *
+	 * @param array $cols_n_values
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values)
+	{
+		return $this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values
+	 * Given an array where keys are column (or column alias) names and values,
+	 * returns an array of their corresponding field names and database values
+	 *
+	 * @param string $cols_n_values
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	protected function _deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($cols_n_values)
+	{
+		$this_model_fields_n_values = array();
+		foreach ($this->get_tables() as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
+			$table_pk_value = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not($cols_n_values,
+				$table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column(), $table_obj->get_pk_column());
+			//there is a primary key on this table and its not set. Use defaults for all its columns
+			if ($table_pk_value === null && $table_obj->get_pk_column()) {
+				foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+					if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+						//prepare field as if its coming from db
+						$prepared_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_obj->get_default_value());
+						$this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				//the table's rows existed. Use their values
+				foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+					if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+						$this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
+							$cols_n_values, $field_obj->get_qualified_column(),
+							$field_obj->get_table_column()
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $this_model_fields_n_values;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $cols_n_values
+	 * @param $qualified_column
+	 * @param $regular_column
+	 * @return null
+	 */
+	protected function _get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not($cols_n_values, $qualified_column, $regular_column)
+	{
+		$value = null;
+		//ask the field what it think it's table_name.column_name should be, and call it the "qualified column"
+		//does the field on the model relate to this column retrieved from the db?
+		//or is it a db-only field? (not relating to the model)
+		if (isset($cols_n_values[$qualified_column])) {
+			$value = $cols_n_values[$qualified_column];
+		} elseif (isset($cols_n_values[$regular_column])) {
+			$value = $cols_n_values[$regular_column];
+		}
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_entity_map_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the model object in the entity map at $id assumes the values
+	 * of the database (opposite of EE_base_Class::save())
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string $id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_entity_map_from_db($id)
+	{
+		$obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		if ($obj_in_map) {
+			$wpdb_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results(
+				array(array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id), 'limit' => 1)
+			);
+			if ($wpdb_results && is_array($wpdb_results)) {
+				$one_row = reset($wpdb_results);
+				foreach ($this->_deduce_fields_n_values_from_cols_n_values($one_row) as $field_name => $db_value) {
+					$obj_in_map->set_from_db($field_name, $db_value);
+				}
+				//clear the cache of related model objects
+				foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+					$obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
+				}
+			}
+			$this->_entity_map[EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id][$id] = $obj_in_map;
+			return $obj_in_map;
+		}
+		return $this->get_one_by_ID($id);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_entity_map_with
+	 * Leaves the entry in the entity map alone, but updates it to match the provided
+	 * $replacing_model_obj (which we assume to be its equivalent but somehow NOT in the entity map).
+	 * This is useful if you have a model object you want to make authoritative over what's in the entity map currently.
+	 * Note: The old $replacing_model_obj should now be destroyed as it's now un-authoritative
+	 *
+	 * @param int|string    $id
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $replacing_model_obj
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_entity_map_with($id, $replacing_model_obj)
+	{
+		$obj_in_map = $this->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		if ($obj_in_map) {
+			if ($replacing_model_obj instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				foreach ($replacing_model_obj->model_field_array() as $field_name => $value) {
+					$obj_in_map->set($field_name, $value);
+				}
+				//make the model object in the entity map's cache match the $replacing_model_obj
+				foreach ($this->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+					$obj_in_map->clear_cache($relation_name, null, true);
+					foreach ($replacing_model_obj->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $cache_id => $cached_obj) {
+						$obj_in_map->cache($relation_name, $cached_obj, $cache_id);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return $obj_in_map;
+		}
+		$this->add_to_entity_map($replacing_model_obj);
+		return $replacing_model_obj;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EE class that corresponds to this model. Eg, for EEM_Answer that
+	 * would be EE_Answer.To import that class, you'd just add ".class.php" to the name, like so
+	 * require_once($this->_getClassName().".class.php");
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function _get_class_name()
+	{
+		return "EE_" . $this->get_this_model_name();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the name of the items this model represents, for the quantity specified. Eg,
+	 * if $quantity==1, on EEM_Event, it would 'Event' (internationalized), otherwise
+	 * it would be 'Events'.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $quantity
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function item_name($quantity = 1)
+	{
+		return (int)$quantity === 1 ? $this->singular_item : $this->plural_item;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_TempBase.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_TempBase that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments. Instead of
+	 * requiring a plugin to extend the EE_TempBase (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that
+	 * happen?) they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}' (eg,
+	 * filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function) and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function
+	 * was called, and an array of the original arguments passed to the function. Whatever their callback function
+	 * returns will be returned by this function. Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 * add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3); function
+	 * my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_TempBase $object,$argsArray){
+	 * $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *        return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 * }
+	 * require('EEM_Answer.model.php');
+	 * $answer=EEM_Answer::instance();
+	 * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_TempBase, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					__('Method %1$s on model %2$s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: %4$s function my_callback(%4$s \$previousReturnValue, EEM_Base \$object\ $argsArray=NULL ){%4$s     /*function body*/%4$s      return \$whatever;%4$s }%4$s add_filter( \'%3$s\', \'my_callback\', 10, 3 );',
+						'event_espresso'),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName,
+					'<br />'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures $base_class_obj_or_id is of the EE_Base_Class child that corresponds ot this model.
+	 * If not, assumes its an ID, and uses $this->get_one_by_ID() to get the EE_Base_Class.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|string|int $base_class_obj_or_id either:
+	 *                                                       the EE_Base_Class object that corresponds to this Model,
+	 *                                                       the object's class name
+	 *                                                       or object's ID
+	 * @param boolean                  $ensure_is_in_db      if set, we will also verify this model object
+	 *                                                       exists in the database. If it does not, we add it
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function ensure_is_obj($base_class_obj_or_id, $ensure_is_in_db = false)
+	{
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
+			$model_object = $base_class_obj_or_id;
+		} else {
+			$primary_key_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
+			if (
+				$primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Int_Field
+				&& (
+					is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)
+					|| is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
+				)
+			) {
+				// assume it's an ID.
+				// either a proper integer or a string representing an integer (eg "101" instead of 101)
+				$model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
+			} else if (
+				$primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_String_Field
+				&& is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)
+			) {
+				// assume its a string representation of the object
+				$model_object = $this->get_one_by_ID($base_class_obj_or_id);
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							"'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$base_class_obj_or_id,
+						$this->_get_class_name(),
+						print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		if ($ensure_is_in_db && $model_object->ID() !== null) {
+			$model_object->save();
+		}
+		return $model_object;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to ensure_is_obj(), this method makes sure $base_class_obj_or_id
+	 * is a value of the this model's primary key. If it's an EE_Base_Class child,
+	 * returns it ID.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $base_class_obj_or_id
+	 * @return int|string depending on the type of this model object's ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ensure_is_ID($base_class_obj_or_id)
+	{
+		$className = $this->_get_class_name();
+		if ($base_class_obj_or_id instanceof $className) {
+			/** @var $base_class_obj_or_id EE_Base_Class */
+			$id = $base_class_obj_or_id->ID();
+		} elseif (is_int($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
+			//assume it's an ID
+			$id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
+		} elseif (is_string($base_class_obj_or_id)) {
+			//assume its a string representation of the object
+			$id = $base_class_obj_or_id;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("'%s' is neither an object of type %s, nor an ID! Its full value is '%s'",
+				'event_espresso'), $base_class_obj_or_id, $this->_get_class_name(),
+				print_r($base_class_obj_or_id, true)));
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether the values passed to the model (eg, values in WHERE, values in INSERT, UPDATE, etc)
+	 * have already been ran through the appropriate model field's prepare_for_use_in_db method. IE, they have
+	 * been sanitized and converted into the appropriate domain.
+	 * Usually the only place you'll want to change the default (which is to assume values have NOT been sanitized by
+	 * the model object/model field) is when making a method call from WITHIN a model object, which has direct access
+	 * to its sanitized values. Note: after changing this setting, you should set it back to its previous value (using
+	 * get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()) eg.
+	 * $EVT = EEM_Event::instance(); $old_setting =
+	 * $EVT->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+	 * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+	 * $EVT->update(array('foo'=>'bar'),array(array('foo'=>'monkey')));
+	 * $EVT->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object($old_setting);
+	 *
+	 * @param int $values_already_prepared like one of the constants on EEM_Base
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+		$values_already_prepared = self::not_prepared_by_model_object
+	) {
+		$this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object = $values_already_prepared;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Read comments for assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object()
+	{
+		return $this->_values_already_prepared_by_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the indexes on this model
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Index[]
+	 */
+	public function indexes()
+	{
+		return $this->_indexes;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the Unique Indexes on this model
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Unique_Index[]
+	 */
+	public function unique_indexes()
+	{
+		$unique_indexes = array();
+		foreach ($this->_indexes as $name => $index) {
+			if ($index instanceof EE_Unique_Index) {
+				$unique_indexes [$name] = $index;
+			}
+		}
+		return $unique_indexes;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the fields which, when combined, make the primary key.
+	 * This is usually just an array with 1 element (the primary key), but in cases
+	 * where there is no primary key, it's a combination of fields as defined
+	 * on a primary index
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Model_Field_Base[] indexed by the field's name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+	{
+		foreach ($this->indexes() as $index) {
+			if ($index instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Index) {
+				return $index->fields();
+			}
+		}
+		return array($this->primary_key_name() => $this->get_primary_key_field());
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to build a primary key string (when the model has no primary key),
+	 * which can be used a unique string to identify this model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their values
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_index_primary_key_string($cols_n_values)
+	{
+		$cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index = array_intersect_key($cols_n_values,
+			$this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+		return http_build_query($cols_n_values_for_primary_key_index);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field values from the primary key string
+	 *
+	 * @see EEM_Base::get_combined_primary_key_fields() and EEM_Base::get_index_primary_key_string()
+	 * @param string $index_primary_key_string
+	 * @return null|array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function parse_index_primary_key_string($index_primary_key_string)
+	{
+		$key_fields = $this->get_combined_primary_key_fields();
+		//check all of them are in the $id
+		$key_vals_in_combined_pk = array();
+		parse_str($index_primary_key_string, $key_vals_in_combined_pk);
+		foreach ($key_fields as $key_field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if (! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[$key_field_name])) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $key_vals_in_combined_pk;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that an array of key-value pairs for model fields has a key
+	 * for each field comprising the primary key index
+	 *
+	 * @param array $key_vals
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($key_vals)
+	{
+		$keys_it_should_have = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
+		foreach ($keys_it_should_have as $key) {
+			if (! isset($key_vals[$key])) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Finds all model objects in the DB that appear to be a copy of $model_object_or_attributes_array.
+	 * We consider something to be a copy if all the attributes match (except the ID, of course).
+	 *
+	 * @param array|EE_Base_Class $model_object_or_attributes_array If its an array, it's field-value pairs
+	 * @param array               $query_params                     like EEM_Base::get_all's query_params.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return \EE_Base_Class[] Array keys are object IDs (if there is a primary key on the model. if not, numerically
+	 *                                                              indexed)
+	 */
+	public function get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($model_object_or_attributes_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array->model_field_array();
+		} elseif (is_array($model_object_or_attributes_array)) {
+			$attributes_array = $model_object_or_attributes_array;
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("get_all_copies should be provided with either a model object or an array of field-value-pairs, but was given %s",
+				"event_espresso"), $model_object_or_attributes_array));
+		}
+		//even copies obviously won't have the same ID, so remove the primary key
+		//from the WHERE conditions for finding copies (if there is a primary key, of course)
+		if ($this->has_primary_key_field() && isset($attributes_array[$this->primary_key_name()])) {
+			unset($attributes_array[$this->primary_key_name()]);
+		}
+		if (isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$query_params[0] = array_merge($attributes_array, $query_params);
+		} else {
+			$query_params[0] = $attributes_array;
+		}
+		return $this->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first copy we find. See get_all_copies for more details
+	 *
+	 * @param       mixed EE_Base_Class | array        $model_object_or_attributes_array
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_one_copy($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+			EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::get_one_copy',
+				sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
+					gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
+			$query_params = array();
+		}
+		$query_params['limit'] = 1;
+		$copies = $this->get_all_copies($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params);
+		if (is_array($copies)) {
+			return array_shift($copies);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the item with the specified id. Ignores default query parameters because
+	 * we have specified the ID, and its assumed we KNOW what we're doing
+	 *
+	 * @param array      $fields_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values
+	 * @param int|string $id              the value of the primary key to update
+	 * @return int number of rows updated
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_by_ID($fields_n_values, $id)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			0                          => array($this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name() => $id),
+			'default_where_conditions' => EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
+		);
+		return $this->update($fields_n_values, $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes an operator which was supplied to the models into one usable in SQL
+	 *
+	 * @param string $operator_supplied
+	 * @return string an operator which can be used in SQL
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _prepare_operator_for_sql($operator_supplied)
+	{
+		$sql_operator = isset($this->_valid_operators[$operator_supplied]) ? $this->_valid_operators[$operator_supplied]
+			: null;
+		if ($sql_operator) {
+			return $sql_operator;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					"The operator '%s' is not in the list of valid operators: %s",
+					"event_espresso"
+				), $operator_supplied, implode(",", array_keys($this->_valid_operators))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array where keys are the primary keys and values are their 'names'
+	 * (as determined by the model object's name() function, which is often overridden)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like get_all's
+	 * @return string[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_all_names($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$objs = $this->get_all($query_params);
+		$names = array();
+		foreach ($objs as $obj) {
+			$names[$obj->ID()] = $obj->name();
+		}
+		return $names;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets an array of primary keys from the model objects. If you acquired the model objects
+	 * using EEM_Base::get_all() you don't need to call this (and probably shouldn't because
+	 * this is duplicated effort and reduces efficiency) you would be better to use
+	 * array_keys() on $model_objects.
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Base_Class[] $model_objects
+	 * @param boolean          $filter_out_empty_ids if a model object has an ID of '' or 0, don't bother including it
+	 *                                               in the returned array
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_IDs($model_objects, $filter_out_empty_ids = false)
+	{
+		if (! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				EE_Error::add_error(
+					__('Trying to get IDs from a model than has no primary key', 'event_espresso'),
+					__FILE__,
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					__LINE__
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$IDs = array();
+		foreach ($model_objects as $model_object) {
+			$id = $model_object->ID();
+			if (! $id) {
+				if ($filter_out_empty_ids) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (WP_DEBUG) {
+					EE_Error::add_error(
+						__(
+							'Called %1$s on a model object that has no ID and so probably hasn\'t been saved to the database',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						__FILE__,
+						__FUNCTION__,
+						__LINE__
+					);
+				}
+			}
+			$IDs[] = $id;
+		}
+		return $IDs;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the string used in capabilities relating to this model. If there
+	 * are no capabilities that relate to this model returns false
+	 *
+	 * @return string|false
+	 */
+	public function cap_slug()
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_slug', $this->_caps_slug, $this);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the capability-restrictions array (@see EEM_Base::_cap_restrictions).
+	 * If $context is provided (which should be set to one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts())
+	 * only returns the cap restrictions array in that context (ie, the array
+	 * at that key)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context
+	 * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by associated capability
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function cap_restrictions($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
+	{
+		EEM_Base::verify_is_valid_cap_context($context);
+		//check if we ought to run the restriction generator first
+		if (
+			isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context])
+			&& $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context] instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base
+			&& ! $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->has_generated_cap_restrictions()
+		) {
+			$this->_cap_restrictions[$context] = array_merge(
+				$this->_cap_restrictions[$context],
+				$this->_cap_restriction_generators[$context]->generate_restrictions()
+			);
+		}
+		//and make sure we've finalized the construction of each restriction
+		foreach ($this->_cap_restrictions[$context] as $where_conditions_obj) {
+			if ($where_conditions_obj instanceof EE_Default_Where_Conditions) {
+				$where_conditions_obj->_finalize_construct($this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_cap_restrictions[$context];
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Indicating whether or not this model thinks its a wp core model
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_wp_core_model()
+	{
+		return $this->_wp_core_model;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the caps that are missing which impose a restriction on
+	 * queries made in this context
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context one of EEM_Base::caps_ constants
+	 * @return EE_Default_Where_Conditions[] indexed by capability name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function caps_missing($context = EEM_Base::caps_read)
+	{
+		$missing_caps = array();
+		$cap_restrictions = $this->cap_restrictions($context);
+		foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
+			if (! EE_Capabilities::instance()
+								 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name() . '_model_applying_caps')
+			) {
+				$missing_caps[$cap] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
+			}
+		}
+		return $missing_caps;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the mapping from capability contexts to action strings used in capability names
+	 *
+	 * @return array keys are one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), and values are usually
+	 * one of 'read', 'edit', or 'delete'
+	 */
+	public function cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map', $this->_cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map,
+			$this);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the action string for the specified capability context
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context
+	 * @return string one of EEM_Base::cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() values
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function cap_action_for_context($context)
+	{
+		$mapping = $this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map();
+		if (isset($mapping[$context])) {
+			return $mapping[$context];
+		}
+		if ($action = apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__cap_action_for_context', null, $this, $mapping, $context)) {
+			return $action;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__('Cannot find capability restrictions for context "%1$s", allowed values are:%2$s', 'event_espresso'),
+				$context,
+				implode(',', array_keys($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map()))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns all the capability contexts which are valid when querying models
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function valid_cap_contexts()
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__valid_cap_contexts', array(
+			self::caps_read,
+			self::caps_read_admin,
+			self::caps_edit,
+			self::caps_delete,
+		));
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns all valid options for 'default_where_conditions'
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public static function valid_default_where_conditions()
+	{
+		return array(
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_all,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_this_only,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_others_only,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_all,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_minimum_others,
+			EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none
+		);
+	}
+
+	// public static function default_where_conditions_full
+	/**
+	 * Verifies $context is one of EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts(), if not it throws an exception
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	static public function verify_is_valid_cap_context($context)
+	{
+		$valid_cap_contexts = EEM_Base::valid_cap_contexts();
+		if (in_array($context, $valid_cap_contexts)) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				__(
+					'Context "%1$s" passed into model "%2$s" is not a valid context. They are: %3$s',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$context,
+				'EEM_Base',
+				implode(',', $valid_cap_contexts)
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clears all the models field caches. This is only useful when a sub-class
+	 * might have added a field or something and these caches might be invalidated
+	 */
+	protected function _invalidate_field_caches()
+	{
+		$this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields = array();
+		$this->_cached_fields = null;
+		$this->_cached_fields_non_db_only = null;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the list of all the where query param keys that relate to logic instead of field names
+	 * (eg "and", "or", "not").
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function logic_query_param_keys()
+	{
+		return $this->_logic_query_param_keys;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines whether or not the where query param array key is for a logic query param.
+	 * Eg 'OR', 'not*', and 'and*because-i-say-so' should all return true, whereas
+	 * 'ATT_fname', 'EVT_name*not-you-or-me', and 'ORG_name' should return false
+	 *
+	 * @param $query_param_key
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function is_logic_query_param_key($query_param_key)
+	{
+		foreach ($this->logic_query_param_keys() as $logic_query_param_key) {
+			if ($query_param_key === $logic_query_param_key
+				|| strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key . '*') === 0
+			) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 
 
 

Spacing +155 added lines, -155 removed lines

@@ -519,8 +519,8 @@ 
     protected function __construct($timezone = null)
     {
         // check that the model has not been loaded too soon
-        if (! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
-            throw new EE_Error (
+        if ( ! did_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons')) {
+            throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __('The %1$s model can not be loaded before the "AHEE__EE_System__load_espresso_addons" hook has been called. This gives other addons a chance to extend this model.',
                         'event_espresso'),
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ 
          *
          * @var EE_Table_Base[] $_tables
          */
-        $this->_tables = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
+        $this->_tables = apply_filters('FHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__tables', $this->_tables);
         foreach ($this->_tables as $table_alias => $table_obj) {
             /** @var $table_obj EE_Table_Base */
             $table_obj->_construct_finalize_with_alias($table_alias);
@@ -555,10 +555,10 @@ 
          *
          * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $_fields
          */
-        $this->_fields = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
+        $this->_fields = apply_filters('FHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__fields', $this->_fields);
         $this->_invalidate_field_caches();
         foreach ($this->_fields as $table_alias => $fields_for_table) {
-            if (! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
+            if ( ! array_key_exists($table_alias, $this->_tables)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Table alias %s does not exist in EEM_Base child's _tables array. Only tables defined are %s",
                     'event_espresso'), $table_alias, implode(",", $this->_fields)));
             }
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ 
          *
          * @param EE_Model_Relation_Base[] $_model_relations
          */
-        $this->_model_relations = apply_filters('FHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__model_relations',
+        $this->_model_relations = apply_filters('FHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__model_relations',
             $this->_model_relations);
         foreach ($this->_model_relations as $model_name => $relation_obj) {
             /** @var $relation_obj EE_Model_Relation_Base */
@@ -598,12 +598,12 @@ 
         }
         $this->set_timezone($timezone);
         //finalize default where condition strategy, or set default
-        if (! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
+        if ( ! $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy) {
             //nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
             $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
         }
         $this->_default_where_conditions_strategy->_finalize_construct($this);
-        if (! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
+        if ( ! $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy) {
             //nothing was set during child constructor, so set default
             $this->_minimum_where_conditions_strategy = new EE_Default_Where_Conditions();
         }
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ 
         //initialize the standard cap restriction generators if none were specified by the child constructor
         if ($this->_cap_restriction_generators !== false) {
             foreach ($this->cap_contexts_to_cap_action_map() as $cap_context => $action) {
-                if (! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context])) {
+                if ( ! isset($this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context])) {
                     $this->_cap_restriction_generators[$cap_context] = apply_filters(
                         'FHEE__EEM_Base___construct__standard_cap_restriction_generator',
                         new EE_Restriction_Generator_Protected(),
@@ -629,10 +629,10 @@ 
         //if there are cap restriction generators, use them to make the default cap restrictions
         if ($this->_cap_restriction_generators !== false) {
             foreach ($this->_cap_restriction_generators as $context => $generator_object) {
-                if (! $generator_object) {
+                if ( ! $generator_object) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                if (! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
+                if ( ! $generator_object instanceof EE_Restriction_Generator_Base) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             __('Index "%1$s" in the model %2$s\'s _cap_restriction_generators is not a child of EE_Restriction_Generator_Base. It should be that or NULL.',
@@ -643,12 +643,12 @@ 
                     );
                 }
                 $action = $this->cap_action_for_context($context);
-                if (! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
+                if ( ! $generator_object->construction_finalized()) {
                     $generator_object->_construct_finalize($this, $action);
                 }
             }
         }
-        do_action('AHEE__' . get_class($this) . '__construct__end');
+        do_action('AHEE__'.get_class($this).'__construct__end');
     }
 
 
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function set_model_query_blog_id($blog_id = 0)
     {
-        EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id = $blog_id > 0 ? (int)$blog_id : get_current_blog_id();
+        EEM_Base::$_model_query_blog_id = $blog_id > 0 ? (int) $blog_id : get_current_blog_id();
     }
 
 
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ 
     public static function instance($timezone = null, ModelFieldFactory $model_field_factory = null)
     {
         // check if instance of Espresso_model already exists
-        if (! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
+        if ( ! static::$_instance instanceof static) {
             $model_field_factory = self::getModelFieldFactory($model_field_factory);
             // instantiate Espresso_model
             static::$_instance = new static($timezone, $model_field_factory);
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ 
             foreach ($r->getDefaultProperties() as $property => $value) {
                 //don't set instance to null like it was originally,
                 //but it's static anyways, and we're ignoring static properties (for now at least)
-                if (! isset($static_properties[$property])) {
+                if ( ! isset($static_properties[$property])) {
                     static::$_instance->{$property} = $value;
                 }
             }
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ 
      */
     public function status_array($translated = false)
     {
-        if (! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
+        if ( ! array_key_exists('Status', $this->_model_relations)) {
             return array();
         }
         $model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
@@ -998,17 +998,17 @@ 
     public function wp_user_field_name()
     {
         try {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
+            if ( ! empty($this->_model_chain_to_wp_user)) {
                 $models_to_follow_to_wp_users = explode('.', $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user);
                 $last_model_name = end($models_to_follow_to_wp_users);
                 $model_with_fk_to_wp_users = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($last_model_name);
-                $model_chain_to_wp_user = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user . '.';
+                $model_chain_to_wp_user = $this->_model_chain_to_wp_user.'.';
             } else {
                 $model_with_fk_to_wp_users = $this;
                 $model_chain_to_wp_user = '';
             }
             $wp_user_field = $model_with_fk_to_wp_users->get_foreign_key_to('WP_User');
-            return $model_chain_to_wp_user . $wp_user_field->get_name();
+            return $model_chain_to_wp_user.$wp_user_field->get_name();
         } catch (EE_Error $e) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1079,12 +1079,12 @@ 
         // remember the custom selections, if any, and type cast as array
         // (unless $columns_to_select is an object, then just set as an empty array)
         // Note: (array) 'some string' === array( 'some string' )
-        $this->_custom_selections = ! is_object($columns_to_select) ? (array)$columns_to_select : array();
+        $this->_custom_selections = ! is_object($columns_to_select) ? (array) $columns_to_select : array();
         $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
         $select_expressions = $columns_to_select !== null
             ? $this->_construct_select_from_input($columns_to_select)
             : $this->_construct_default_select_sql($model_query_info);
-        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions ".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_results', array($SQL, $output));
     }
 
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ 
         if (is_array($columns_to_select)) {
             $select_sql_array = array();
             foreach ($columns_to_select as $alias => $selection_and_datatype) {
-                if (! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
+                if ( ! is_array($selection_and_datatype) || ! isset($selection_and_datatype[1])) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             __(
@@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ 
                         )
                     );
                 }
-                if (! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
+                if ( ! in_array($selection_and_datatype[1], $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
                     throw new EE_Error(
                         sprintf(
                             __(
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ 
      */
     public function alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID($id, $query_params = array())
     {
-        if (! isset($query_params[0])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params[0])) {
             $query_params[0] = array();
         }
         $conditions_from_id = $this->parse_index_primary_key_string($id);
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_one($query_params = array())
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::get_one',
                 sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
                     gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
@@ -1429,7 +1429,7 @@ 
                 return array();
             }
         }
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::_get_consecutive',
                 sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
                     gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ 
         $query_params[0][$field_to_order_by] = array($operand, $current_field_value);
         $query_params['limit'] = $limit;
         //set direction
-        $incoming_orderby = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array)$query_params['order_by'] : array();
+        $incoming_orderby = isset($query_params['order_by']) ? (array) $query_params['order_by'] : array();
         $query_params['order_by'] = $operand === '>'
             ? array($field_to_order_by => 'ASC') + $incoming_orderby
             : array($field_to_order_by => 'DESC') + $incoming_orderby;
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ 
     {
         $field_settings = $this->field_settings_for($field_name);
         //if not a valid EE_Datetime_Field then throw error
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+        if ( ! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('The field sent into EEM_Base::get_formats_for (%s) is not registered as a EE_Datetime_Field. Please check the spelling and make sure you are submitting the right field name to retrieve date_formats for.',
                 'event_espresso'), $field_name));
         }
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ 
         //load EEH_DTT_Helper
         $set_timezone = empty($timezone) ? EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone() : $timezone;
         $incomingDateTime = date_create_from_format($incoming_format, $timestring, new DateTimeZone($set_timezone));
-        return \EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\DbSafeDateTime::createFromDateTime( $incomingDateTime->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone)) );
+        return \EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\DbSafeDateTime::createFromDateTime($incomingDateTime->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone)));
     }
 
 
@@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ 
      */
     public function update($fields_n_values, $query_params, $keep_model_objs_in_sync = true)
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::update',
                 sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
                     gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
@@ -1686,7 +1686,7 @@ 
          * @param EEM_Base $model           the model being queried
          * @param array    $query_params    see EEM_Base::get_all()
          */
-        $fields_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__update__fields_n_values', $fields_n_values, $this,
+        $fields_n_values = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__update__fields_n_values', $fields_n_values, $this,
             $query_params);
         //need to verify that, for any entry we want to update, there are entries in each secondary table.
         //to do that, for each table, verify that it's PK isn't null.
@@ -1700,7 +1700,7 @@ 
         $wpdb_select_results = $this->_get_all_wpdb_results($query_params);
         foreach ($wpdb_select_results as $wpdb_result) {
             // type cast stdClass as array
-            $wpdb_result = (array)$wpdb_result;
+            $wpdb_result = (array) $wpdb_result;
             //get the model object's PK, as we'll want this if we need to insert a row into secondary tables
             if ($this->has_primary_key_field()) {
                 $main_table_pk_value = $wpdb_result[$this->get_primary_key_field()->get_qualified_column()];
@@ -1717,13 +1717,13 @@ 
                     $this_table_pk_column = $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
                     //if there is no private key for this table on the results, it means there's no entry
                     //in this table, right? so insert a row in the current table, using any fields available
-                    if (! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
+                    if ( ! (array_key_exists($this_table_pk_column, $wpdb_result)
                            && $wpdb_result[$this_table_pk_column])
                     ) {
                         $success = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($table_obj, $fields_n_values,
                             $main_table_pk_value);
                         //if we died here, report the error
-                        if (! $success) {
+                        if ( ! $success) {
                             return false;
                         }
                     }
@@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ 
                     $model_objs_affected_ids[$combined_index_key] = $combined_index_key;
                 }
             }
-            if (! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
+            if ( ! $model_objs_affected_ids) {
                 //wait wait wait- if nothing was affected let's stop here
                 return 0;
             }
@@ -1781,7 +1781,7 @@ 
                . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql()
                . " SET "
                . $this->_construct_update_sql($fields_n_values)
-               . $model_query_info->get_where_sql();//note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
+               . $model_query_info->get_where_sql(); //note: doesn't use _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query() because doesn't accept LIMIT, ORDER BY, etc.
         $rows_affected = $this->_do_wpdb_query('query', array($SQL));
         /**
          * Action called after a model update call has been made.
@@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ 
          * @param int      $rows_affected
          */
         do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__update__end', $this, $fields_n_values, $query_params, $rows_affected);
-        return $rows_affected;//how many supposedly got updated
+        return $rows_affected; //how many supposedly got updated
     }
 
 
@@ -1820,7 +1820,7 @@ 
         }
         $model_query_info = $this->_create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params);
         $select_expressions = $field->get_qualified_column();
-        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions " . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+        $SQL = "SELECT $select_expressions ".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         return $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_col', array($SQL));
     }
 
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ 
     {
         $query_params['limit'] = 1;
         $col = $this->get_col($query_params, $field_to_select);
-        if (! empty($col)) {
+        if ( ! empty($col)) {
             return reset($col);
         }
         return null;
@@ -1869,7 +1869,7 @@ 
             $prepared_value = $this->_prepare_value_or_use_default($field_obj, $fields_n_values);
             $value_sql = $prepared_value === null ? 'NULL'
                 : $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(), $prepared_value);
-            $cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column() . "=" . $value_sql;
+            $cols_n_values[] = $field_obj->get_qualified_column()."=".$value_sql;
         }
         return implode(",", $cols_n_values);
     }
@@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ 
          * @param int      $rows_deleted
          */
         do_action('AHEE__EEM_Base__delete__end', $this, $query_params, $rows_deleted);
-        return $rows_deleted;//how many supposedly got deleted
+        return $rows_deleted; //how many supposedly got deleted
     }
 
 
@@ -2094,7 +2094,7 @@ 
                     $deletes[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()][] = $delete_object[$primary_table->get_fully_qualified_pk_column()];
                 }
                 //other tables
-                if (! empty($other_tables)) {
+                if ( ! empty($other_tables)) {
                     foreach ($other_tables as $ot) {
                         //first check if we've got the foreign key column here.
                         if (isset($delete_object[$ot->get_fully_qualified_fk_column()])) {
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ 
             foreach ($deletes as $column => $values) {
                 //make sure we have unique $values;
                 $values = array_unique($values);
-                $query[] = $column . ' IN(' . implode(",", $values) . ')';
+                $query[] = $column.' IN('.implode(",", $values).')';
             }
             return ! empty($query) ? implode(' AND ', $query) : '';
         }
@@ -2134,7 +2134,7 @@ 
                                                            . $delete_object[$cpk_field->get_qualified_column()];
                     }
                 }
-                $ways_to_identify_a_row[] = "(" . implode(" AND ", $values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row) . ")";
+                $ways_to_identify_a_row[] = "(".implode(" AND ", $values_for_each_cpk_for_a_row).")";
             }
             return implode(" OR ", $ways_to_identify_a_row);
         }
@@ -2188,9 +2188,9 @@ 
                 $column_to_count = '*';
             }
         }
-        $column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT " . $column_to_count : $column_to_count;
-        $SQL = "SELECT COUNT(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
-        return (int)$this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
+        $column_to_count = $distinct ? "DISTINCT ".$column_to_count : $column_to_count;
+        $SQL = "SELECT COUNT(".$column_to_count.")".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+        return (int) $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
     }
 
 
@@ -2212,14 +2212,14 @@ 
             $field_obj = $this->get_primary_key_field();
         }
         $column_to_count = $field_obj->get_qualified_column();
-        $SQL = "SELECT SUM(" . $column_to_count . ")" . $this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
+        $SQL = "SELECT SUM(".$column_to_count.")".$this->_construct_2nd_half_of_select_query($model_query_info);
         $return_value = $this->_do_wpdb_query('get_var', array($SQL));
         $data_type = $field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type();
         if ($data_type === '%d' || $data_type === '%s') {
-            return (float)$return_value;
+            return (float) $return_value;
         }
         //must be %f
-        return (float)$return_value;
+        return (float) $return_value;
     }
 
 
@@ -2239,13 +2239,13 @@ 
         //if we're in maintenance mode level 2, DON'T run any queries
         //because level 2 indicates the database needs updating and
         //is probably out of sync with the code
-        if (! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
+        if ( ! EE_Maintenance_Mode::instance()->models_can_query()) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Event Espresso Level 2 Maintenance mode is active. That means EE can not run ANY database queries until the necessary migration scripts have run which will take EE out of maintenance mode level 2. Please inform support of this error.",
                 "event_espresso")));
         }
         /** @type WPDB $wpdb */
         global $wpdb;
-        if (! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
+        if ( ! method_exists($wpdb, $wpdb_method)) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('There is no method named "%s" on Wordpress\' $wpdb object',
                 'event_espresso'), $wpdb_method));
         }
@@ -2257,7 +2257,7 @@ 
         $this->show_db_query_if_previously_requested($wpdb->last_query);
         if (WP_DEBUG) {
             $wpdb->show_errors($old_show_errors_value);
-            if (! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
+            if ( ! empty($wpdb->last_error)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__('WPDB Error: "%s"', 'event_espresso'), $wpdb->last_error));
             }
             if ($result === false) {
@@ -2318,7 +2318,7 @@ 
                     return $result;
                     break;
             }
-            if (! empty($error_message)) {
+            if ( ! empty($error_message)) {
                 EE_Log::instance()->log(__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, $error_message, 'error');
                 trigger_error($error_message);
             }
@@ -2394,11 +2394,11 @@ 
      */
     private function _construct_2nd_half_of_select_query(EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info)
     {
-        return " FROM " . $model_query_info->get_full_join_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_where_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_having_sql() .
-               $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql() .
+        return " FROM ".$model_query_info->get_full_join_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_where_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_group_by_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_having_sql().
+               $model_query_info->get_order_by_sql().
                $model_query_info->get_limit_sql();
     }
 
@@ -2594,12 +2594,12 @@ 
         $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
         //we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
         //except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
             $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
         }
         $this_model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
         $this_pk_field_name = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][$this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
+        $query_params[0][$this_model_name.".".$this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
         return $related_model->count($query_params, $field_to_count, $distinct);
     }
 
@@ -2619,7 +2619,7 @@ 
     public function sum_related($id_or_obj, $model_name, $query_params, $field_to_sum = null)
     {
         $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::sum_related',
                 sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
                     gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
@@ -2627,12 +2627,12 @@ 
         }
         //we're just going to use the query params on the related model's normal get_all query,
         //except add a condition to say to match the current mod
-        if (! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['default_where_conditions'])) {
             $query_params['default_where_conditions'] = EEM_Base::default_where_conditions_none;
         }
         $this_model_name = $this->get_this_model_name();
         $this_pk_field_name = $this->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-        $query_params[0][$this_model_name . "." . $this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
+        $query_params[0][$this_model_name.".".$this_pk_field_name] = $id_or_obj;
         return $related_model->sum($query_params, $field_to_sum);
     }
 
@@ -2685,7 +2685,7 @@ 
                 $field_with_model_name = $field;
             }
         }
-        if (! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
+        if ( ! isset($field_with_model_name) || ! $field_with_model_name) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no EE_Any_Foreign_Model_Name field on model %s", "event_espresso"),
                 $this->get_this_model_name()));
         }
@@ -2718,7 +2718,7 @@ 
          * @param array    $fields_n_values keys are the fields and values are their new values
          * @param EEM_Base $model           the model used
          */
-        $field_n_values = (array)apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__insert__fields_n_values', $field_n_values, $this);
+        $field_n_values = (array) apply_filters('FHEE__EEM_Base__insert__fields_n_values', $field_n_values, $this);
         if ($this->_satisfies_unique_indexes($field_n_values)) {
             $main_table = $this->_get_main_table();
             $new_id = $this->_insert_into_specific_table($main_table, $field_n_values, false);
@@ -2825,7 +2825,7 @@ 
         }
         foreach ($this->unique_indexes() as $unique_index_name => $unique_index) {
             $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($fields_n_values, $unique_index->fields());
-            $query_params[0]['OR']['AND*' . $unique_index_name] = $uniqueness_where_params;
+            $query_params[0]['OR']['AND*'.$unique_index_name] = $uniqueness_where_params;
         }
         //if there is nothing to base this search on, then we shouldn't find anything
         if (empty($query_params)) {
@@ -2911,7 +2911,7 @@ 
             //its not the main table, so we should have already saved the main table's PK which we just inserted
             //so add the fk to the main table as a column
             $insertion_col_n_values[$table->get_fk_on_table()] = $new_id;
-            $format_for_insertion[] = '%d';//yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
+            $format_for_insertion[] = '%d'; //yes right now we're only allowing these foreign keys to be INTs
         }
         //insert the new entry
         $result = $this->_do_wpdb_query('insert',
@@ -3115,7 +3115,7 @@ 
                     $query_info_carrier,
                     'group_by'
                 );
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
+            } elseif ( ! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
                     $query_params['group_by'],
                     $query_info_carrier,
@@ -3137,7 +3137,7 @@ 
                     $query_info_carrier,
                     'order_by'
                 );
-            } elseif (! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
+            } elseif ( ! empty($query_params['order_by'])) {
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
                     $query_params['order_by'],
                     $query_info_carrier,
@@ -3172,8 +3172,8 @@ 
         EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
         $query_param_type
     ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            $sub_query_params = (array)$sub_query_params;
+        if ( ! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+            $sub_query_params = (array) $sub_query_params;
             foreach ($sub_query_params as $param => $possibly_array_of_params) {
                 //$param could be simply 'EVT_ID', or it could be 'Registrations.REG_ID', or even 'Registrations.Transactions.Payments.PAY_amount'
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param($param, $model_query_info_carrier,
@@ -3184,7 +3184,7 @@ 
                 //of array('Registration.TXN_ID'=>23)
                 $query_param_sans_stars = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($param);
                 if (in_array($query_param_sans_stars, $this->_logic_query_param_keys, true)) {
-                    if (! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
+                    if ( ! is_array($possibly_array_of_params)) {
                         throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You used a special where query param %s, but the value isn't an array of where query params, it's just %s'. It should be an array, eg array('EVT_ID'=>23,'OR'=>array('Venue.VNU_ID'=>32,'Venue.VNU_name'=>'monkey_land'))",
                             "event_espresso"),
                             $param, $possibly_array_of_params));
@@ -3201,7 +3201,7 @@ 
                     //then $possible_array_of_params looks something like array('<','DTT_sold',true)
                     //indicating that $possible_array_of_params[1] is actually a field name,
                     //from which we should extract query parameters!
-                    if (! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
+                    if ( ! isset($possibly_array_of_params[0], $possibly_array_of_params[1])) {
                         throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Improperly formed query parameter %s. It should be numerically indexed like array('<','DTT_sold',true); but you provided %s",
                             "event_espresso"), $query_param_type, implode(",", $possibly_array_of_params)));
                     }
@@ -3231,8 +3231,8 @@ 
         EE_Model_Query_Info_Carrier $model_query_info_carrier,
         $query_param_type
     ) {
-        if (! empty($sub_query_params)) {
-            if (! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
+        if ( ! empty($sub_query_params)) {
+            if ( ! is_array($sub_query_params)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("Query parameter %s should be an array, but it isn't.", "event_espresso"),
                     $sub_query_params));
             }
@@ -3261,7 +3261,7 @@ 
      */
     public function _create_model_query_info_carrier($query_params)
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
                 'EEM_Base::_create_model_query_info_carrier',
                 sprintf(
@@ -3337,7 +3337,7 @@ 
         //set limit
         if (array_key_exists('limit', $query_params)) {
             if (is_array($query_params['limit'])) {
-                if (! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
+                if ( ! isset($query_params['limit'][0], $query_params['limit'][1])) {
                     $e = sprintf(
                         __(
                             "Invalid DB query. You passed '%s' for the LIMIT, but only the following are valid: an integer, string representing an integer, a string like 'int,int', or an array like array(int,int)",
@@ -3345,12 +3345,12 @@ 
                         ),
                         http_build_query($query_params['limit'])
                     );
-                    throw new EE_Error($e . "|" . $e);
+                    throw new EE_Error($e."|".$e);
                 }
                 //they passed us an array for the limit. Assume it's like array(50,25), meaning offset by 50, and get 25
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit'][0] . "," . $query_params['limit'][1]);
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['limit'])) {
-                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT " . $query_params['limit']);
+                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT ".$query_params['limit'][0].",".$query_params['limit'][1]);
+            } elseif ( ! empty ($query_params['limit'])) {
+                $query_object->set_limit_sql(" LIMIT ".$query_params['limit']);
             }
         }
         //set order by
@@ -3382,10 +3382,10 @@ 
                 $order_array = array();
                 foreach ($query_params['order_by'] as $field_name_to_order_by => $order) {
                     $order = $this->_extract_order($order);
-                    $order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by) . SP . $order;
+                    $order_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_order_by).SP.$order;
                 }
-                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . implode(",", $order_array));
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['order_by'])) {
+                $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY ".implode(",", $order_array));
+            } elseif ( ! empty ($query_params['order_by'])) {
                 $this->_extract_related_model_info_from_query_param(
                     $query_params['order_by'],
                     $query_object,
@@ -3396,18 +3396,18 @@ 
                     ? $this->_extract_order($query_params['order'])
                     : 'DESC';
                 $query_object->set_order_by_sql(
-                    " ORDER BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']) . SP . $order
+                    " ORDER BY ".$this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['order_by']).SP.$order
                 );
             }
         }
         //if 'order_by' wasn't set, maybe they are just using 'order' on its own?
-        if (! array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)
+        if ( ! array_key_exists('order_by', $query_params)
             && array_key_exists('order', $query_params)
             && ! empty($query_params['order'])
         ) {
             $pk_field = $this->get_primary_key_field();
             $order = $this->_extract_order($query_params['order']);
-            $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY " . $pk_field->get_qualified_column() . SP . $order);
+            $query_object->set_order_by_sql(" ORDER BY ".$pk_field->get_qualified_column().SP.$order);
         }
         //set group by
         if (array_key_exists('group_by', $query_params)) {
@@ -3417,10 +3417,10 @@ 
                 foreach ($query_params['group_by'] as $field_name_to_group_by) {
                     $group_by_array[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($field_name_to_group_by);
                 }
-                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY " . implode(", ", $group_by_array));
-            } elseif (! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
+                $query_object->set_group_by_sql(" GROUP BY ".implode(", ", $group_by_array));
+            } elseif ( ! empty ($query_params['group_by'])) {
                 $query_object->set_group_by_sql(
-                    " GROUP BY " . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
+                    " GROUP BY ".$this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_params['group_by'])
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -3430,7 +3430,7 @@ 
         }
         //now, just verify they didn't pass anything wack
         foreach ($query_params as $query_key => $query_value) {
-            if (! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
+            if ( ! in_array($query_key, $this->_allowed_query_params, true)) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         __(
@@ -3529,22 +3529,22 @@ 
         $where_query_params = array()
     ) {
         $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values = EEM_Base::valid_default_where_conditions();
-        if (! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
+        if ( ! in_array($use_default_where_conditions, $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You passed an invalid value to the query parameter 'default_where_conditions' of '%s'. Allowed values are %s",
                 "event_espresso"), $use_default_where_conditions,
                 implode(", ", $allowed_used_default_where_conditions_values)));
         }
         $universal_query_params = array();
-        if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
+        if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
             $universal_query_params = $this->_get_default_where_conditions();
-        } else if ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
+        } else if ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, true)) {
             $universal_query_params = $this->_get_minimum_where_conditions();
         }
         foreach ($query_info_carrier->get_model_names_included() as $model_relation_path => $model_name) {
             $related_model = $this->get_related_model_obj($model_name);
-            if ( $this->_should_use_default_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
+            if ($this->_should_use_default_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
                 $related_model_universal_where_params = $related_model->_get_default_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
-            } elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions( $use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
+            } elseif ($this->_should_use_minimum_where_conditions($use_default_where_conditions, false)) {
                 $related_model_universal_where_params = $related_model->_get_minimum_where_conditions($model_relation_path);
             } else {
                 //we don't want to add full or even minimum default where conditions from this model, so just continue
@@ -3577,7 +3577,7 @@ 
      * @param bool $for_this_model false means this is for OTHER related models
      * @return bool
      */
-    private function _should_use_default_where_conditions( $default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true )
+    private function _should_use_default_where_conditions($default_where_conditions_value, $for_this_model = true)
     {
         return (
                    $for_this_model
@@ -3656,7 +3656,7 @@ 
     ) {
         $null_friendly_where_conditions = array();
         $none_overridden = true;
-        $or_condition_key_for_defaults = 'OR*' . get_class($model);
+        $or_condition_key_for_defaults = 'OR*'.get_class($model);
         foreach ($default_where_conditions as $key => $val) {
             if (isset($provided_where_conditions[$key])) {
                 $none_overridden = false;
@@ -3774,7 +3774,7 @@ 
             foreach ($tables as $table_obj) {
                 $qualified_pk_column = $table_alias_with_model_relation_chain_prefix
                                        . $table_obj->get_fully_qualified_pk_column();
-                if (! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
+                if ( ! in_array($qualified_pk_column, $selects)) {
                     $selects[] = "$qualified_pk_column AS '$qualified_pk_column'";
                 }
             }
@@ -3868,9 +3868,9 @@ 
         //and
         //check if it's a field on a related model
         foreach ($this->_model_relations as $valid_related_model_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (strpos($query_param, $valid_related_model_name . ".") === 0) {
+            if (strpos($query_param, $valid_related_model_name.".") === 0) {
                 $this->_add_join_to_model($valid_related_model_name, $passed_in_query_info, $original_query_param);
-                $query_param = substr($query_param, strlen($valid_related_model_name . "."));
+                $query_param = substr($query_param, strlen($valid_related_model_name."."));
                 if ($query_param === '') {
                     //nothing left to $query_param
                     //we should actually end in a field name, not a model like this!
@@ -3958,7 +3958,7 @@ 
     {
         $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($where_params, ' AND ');
         if ($SQL) {
-            return " WHERE " . $SQL;
+            return " WHERE ".$SQL;
         }
         return '';
     }
@@ -3977,7 +3977,7 @@ 
     {
         $SQL = $this->_construct_condition_clause_recursive($having_params, ' AND ');
         if ($SQL) {
-            return " HAVING " . $SQL;
+            return " HAVING ".$SQL;
         }
         return '';
     }
@@ -3996,11 +3996,11 @@ 
      */
     protected function _get_field_on_model($field_name, $model_name)
     {
-        $model_class = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-        $model_filepath = $model_class . ".model.php";
+        $model_class = 'EEM_'.$model_name;
+        $model_filepath = $model_class.".model.php";
         if (is_readable($model_filepath)) {
             require_once($model_filepath);
-            $model_instance = call_user_func($model_name . "::instance");
+            $model_instance = call_user_func($model_name."::instance");
             /* @var $model_instance EEM_Base */
             return $model_instance->field_settings_for($field_name);
         }
@@ -4029,7 +4029,7 @@ 
     {
         $where_clauses = array();
         foreach ($where_params as $query_param => $op_and_value_or_sub_condition) {
-            $query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param);//str_replace("*",'',$query_param);
+            $query_param = $this->_remove_stars_and_anything_after_from_condition_query_param_key($query_param); //str_replace("*",'',$query_param);
             if (in_array($query_param, $this->_logic_query_param_keys)) {
                 switch ($query_param) {
                     case 'not':
@@ -4057,7 +4057,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 $field_obj = $this->_deduce_field_from_query_param($query_param);
                 //if it's not a normal field, maybe it's a custom selection?
-                if (! $field_obj) {
+                if ( ! $field_obj) {
                     if (isset($this->_custom_selections[$query_param][1])) {
                         $field_obj = $this->_custom_selections[$query_param][1];
                     } else {
@@ -4066,7 +4066,7 @@ 
                     }
                 }
                 $op_and_value_sql = $this->_construct_op_and_value($op_and_value_or_sub_condition, $field_obj);
-                $where_clauses[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param) . SP . $op_and_value_sql;
+                $where_clauses[] = $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($query_param).SP.$op_and_value_sql;
             }
         }
         return $where_clauses ? implode($glue, $where_clauses) : '';
@@ -4087,7 +4087,7 @@ 
         if ($field) {
             $table_alias_prefix = EE_Model_Parser::extract_table_alias_model_relation_chain_from_query_param($field->get_model_name(),
                 $query_param);
-            return $table_alias_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+            return $table_alias_prefix.$field->get_qualified_column();
         }
         if (array_key_exists($query_param, $this->_custom_selections)) {
             //maybe it's custom selection item?
@@ -4139,7 +4139,7 @@ 
     {
         if (is_array($op_and_value)) {
             $operator = isset($op_and_value[0]) ? $this->_prepare_operator_for_sql($op_and_value[0]) : null;
-            if (! $operator) {
+            if ( ! $operator) {
                 $php_array_like_string = array();
                 foreach ($op_and_value as $key => $value) {
                     $php_array_like_string[] = "$key=>$value";
@@ -4161,14 +4161,14 @@ 
         }
         //check to see if the value is actually another field
         if (is_array($op_and_value) && isset($op_and_value[2]) && $op_and_value[2] == true) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
+            return $operator.SP.$this->_deduce_column_name_from_query_param($value);
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
             //in this case, the value should be an array, or at least a comma-separated list
             //it will need to handle a little differently
             $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_in_value($value, $field_obj);
             //note: $cleaned_value has already been run through $wpdb->prepare()
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+            return $operator.SP.$cleaned_value;
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->_between_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
             //the value should be an array with count of two.
@@ -4184,7 +4184,7 @@ 
                 );
             }
             $cleaned_value = $this->_construct_between_value($value, $field_obj);
-            return $operator . SP . $cleaned_value;
+            return $operator.SP.$cleaned_value;
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->_null_style_operators)) {
             if ($value !== null) {
@@ -4204,10 +4204,10 @@ 
         if ($operator === 'LIKE' && ! is_array($value)) {
             //if the operator is 'LIKE', we want to allow percent signs (%) and not
             //remove other junk. So just treat it as a string.
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
+            return $operator.SP.$this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, '%s');
         }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
-            return $operator . SP . $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
+        if ( ! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
+            return $operator.SP.$this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
         }
         if (in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && ! is_array($value)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
@@ -4221,7 +4221,7 @@ 
                 )
             );
         }
-        if (! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
+        if ( ! in_array($operator, $this->_in_style_operators) && is_array($value)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __(
@@ -4261,7 +4261,7 @@ 
         foreach ($values as $value) {
             $cleaned_values[] = $this->_wpdb_prepare_using_field($value, $field_obj);
         }
-        return $cleaned_values[0] . " AND " . $cleaned_values[1];
+        return $cleaned_values[0]." AND ".$cleaned_values[1];
     }
 
 
@@ -4302,7 +4302,7 @@ 
                                 . $main_table->get_table_name()
                                 . " WHERE FALSE";
         }
-        return "(" . implode(",", $cleaned_values) . ")";
+        return "(".implode(",", $cleaned_values).")";
     }
 
 
@@ -4321,7 +4321,7 @@ 
             return $wpdb->prepare($field_obj->get_wpdb_data_type(),
                 $this->_prepare_value_for_use_in_db($value, $field_obj));
         } //$field_obj should really just be a data type
-        if (! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
+        if ( ! in_array($field_obj, $this->_valid_wpdb_data_types)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __("%s is not a valid wpdb datatype. Valid ones are %s", "event_espresso"),
@@ -4449,10 +4449,10 @@ 
      */
     public function get_qualified_columns_for_all_fields($model_relation_chain = '', $return_string = true)
     {
-        $table_prefix = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain) . (empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
+        $table_prefix = str_replace('.', '__', $model_relation_chain).(empty($model_relation_chain) ? '' : '__');
         $qualified_columns = array();
         foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field_name => $field) {
-            $qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix . $field->get_qualified_column();
+            $qualified_columns[] = $table_prefix.$field->get_qualified_column();
         }
         return $return_string ? implode(', ', $qualified_columns) : $qualified_columns;
     }
@@ -4476,11 +4476,11 @@ 
             if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Primary_Table) {
                 $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
                     ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_table_name() . " AS " . $table_obj->get_table_alias() . SP;
+                    : SP.$table_obj->get_table_name()." AS ".$table_obj->get_table_alias().SP;
             } elseif ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
                 $SQL .= $table_alias === $table_obj->get_table_alias()
                     ? $table_obj->get_select_join_limit_join($limit)
-                    : SP . $table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias) . SP;
+                    : SP.$table_obj->get_join_sql($table_alias).SP;
             }
         }
         return $SQL;
@@ -4568,12 +4568,12 @@ 
      */
     public function get_related_model_obj($model_name)
     {
-        $model_classname = "EEM_" . $model_name;
-        if (! class_exists($model_classname)) {
+        $model_classname = "EEM_".$model_name;
+        if ( ! class_exists($model_classname)) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You specified a related model named %s in your query. No such model exists, if it did, it would have the classname %s",
                 'event_espresso'), $model_name, $model_classname));
         }
-        return call_user_func($model_classname . "::instance");
+        return call_user_func($model_classname."::instance");
     }
 
 
@@ -4620,7 +4620,7 @@ 
     public function related_settings_for($relation_name)
     {
         $relatedModels = $this->relation_settings();
-        if (! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
+        if ( ! array_key_exists($relation_name, $relatedModels)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __('Cannot get %s related to %s. There is no model relation of that type. There is, however, %s...',
@@ -4647,7 +4647,7 @@ 
     public function field_settings_for($fieldName)
     {
         $fieldSettings = $this->field_settings(true);
-        if (! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
+        if ( ! array_key_exists($fieldName, $fieldSettings)) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no field/column '%s' on '%s'", 'event_espresso'), $fieldName,
                 get_class($this)));
         }
@@ -4720,7 +4720,7 @@ 
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
+            if ( ! $this->_primary_key_field instanceof EE_Primary_Key_Field_Base) {
                 throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no Primary Key defined on model %s", 'event_espresso'),
                     get_class($this)));
             }
@@ -4779,7 +4779,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_foreign_key_to($model_name)
     {
-        if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
+        if ( ! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
             foreach ($this->field_settings() as $field) {
                 if (
                     $field instanceof EE_Foreign_Key_Field_Base
@@ -4789,7 +4789,7 @@ 
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
+            if ( ! isset($this->_cache_foreign_key_to_fields[$model_name])) {
                 throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("There is no foreign key field pointing to model %s on model %s",
                     'event_espresso'), $model_name, get_class($this)));
             }
@@ -4840,7 +4840,7 @@ 
             foreach ($this->_fields as $fields_corresponding_to_table) {
                 foreach ($fields_corresponding_to_table as $field_name => $field_obj) {
                     /** @var $field_obj EE_Model_Field_Base */
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+                    if ( ! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
                         $this->_cached_fields_non_db_only[$field_name] = $field_obj;
                     }
                 }
@@ -4869,7 +4869,7 @@ 
         $count_if_model_has_no_primary_key = 0;
         $has_primary_key = $this->has_primary_key_field();
         $primary_key_field = $has_primary_key ? $this->get_primary_key_field() : null;
-        foreach ((array)$rows as $row) {
+        foreach ((array) $rows as $row) {
             if (empty($row)) {
                 //wp did its weird thing where it returns an array like array(0=>null), which is totally not helpful...
                 return array();
@@ -4887,7 +4887,7 @@ 
                 }
             }
             $classInstance = $this->instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($row);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
+            if ( ! $classInstance) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         __('Could not create instance of class %s from row %s', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -4956,7 +4956,7 @@ 
      */
     public function instantiate_class_from_array_or_object($cols_n_values)
     {
-        if (! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($cols_n_values) && is_object($cols_n_values)) {
             $cols_n_values = get_object_vars($cols_n_values);
         }
         $primary_key = null;
@@ -4981,7 +4981,7 @@ 
         // if there is no primary key or the object doesn't already exist in the entity map, then create a new instance
         if ($primary_key) {
             $classInstance = $this->get_from_entity_map($primary_key);
-            if (! $classInstance) {
+            if ( ! $classInstance) {
                 $classInstance = EE_Registry::instance()
                                             ->load_class($className,
                                                 array($this_model_fields_n_values, $this->_timezone), true, false);
@@ -5032,12 +5032,12 @@ 
     public function add_to_entity_map(EE_Base_Class $object)
     {
         $className = $this->_get_class_name();
-        if (! $object instanceof $className) {
+        if ( ! $object instanceof $className) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You tried adding a %s to a mapping of %ss", "event_espresso"),
                 is_object($object) ? get_class($object) : $object, $className));
         }
         /** @var $object EE_Base_Class */
-        if (! $object->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $object->ID()) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(__("You tried storing a model object with NO ID in the %s entity mapper.",
                 "event_espresso"), get_class($this)));
         }
@@ -5106,7 +5106,7 @@ 
             //there is a primary key on this table and its not set. Use defaults for all its columns
             if ($table_pk_value === null && $table_obj->get_pk_column()) {
                 foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+                    if ( ! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
                         //prepare field as if its coming from db
                         $prepared_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_obj->get_default_value());
                         $this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $field_obj->prepare_for_use_in_db($prepared_value);
@@ -5115,7 +5115,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 //the table's rows existed. Use their values
                 foreach ($this->_get_fields_for_table($table_alias) as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-                    if (! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
+                    if ( ! $field_obj->is_db_only_field()) {
                         $this_model_fields_n_values[$field_name] = $this->_get_column_value_with_table_alias_or_not(
                             $cols_n_values, $field_obj->get_qualified_column(),
                             $field_obj->get_table_column()
@@ -5230,7 +5230,7 @@ 
      */
     private function _get_class_name()
     {
-        return "EE_" . $this->get_this_model_name();
+        return "EE_".$this->get_this_model_name();
     }
 
 
@@ -5245,7 +5245,7 @@ 
      */
     public function item_name($quantity = 1)
     {
-        return (int)$quantity === 1 ? $this->singular_item : $this->plural_item;
+        return (int) $quantity === 1 ? $this->singular_item : $this->plural_item;
     }
 
 
@@ -5278,7 +5278,7 @@ 
     {
         $className = get_class($this);
         $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+        if ( ! has_filter($tagName)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     __('Method %1$s on model %2$s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: %4$s function my_callback(%4$s \$previousReturnValue, EEM_Base \$object\ $argsArray=NULL ){%4$s     /*function body*/%4$s      return \$whatever;%4$s }%4$s add_filter( \'%3$s\', \'my_callback\', 10, 3 );',
@@ -5504,7 +5504,7 @@ 
         $key_vals_in_combined_pk = array();
         parse_str($index_primary_key_string, $key_vals_in_combined_pk);
         foreach ($key_fields as $key_field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[$key_field_name])) {
+            if ( ! isset($key_vals_in_combined_pk[$key_field_name])) {
                 return null;
             }
         }
@@ -5525,7 +5525,7 @@ 
     {
         $keys_it_should_have = array_keys($this->get_combined_primary_key_fields());
         foreach ($keys_it_should_have as $key) {
-            if (! isset($key_vals[$key])) {
+            if ( ! isset($key_vals[$key])) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -5579,7 +5579,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_one_copy($model_object_or_attributes_array, $query_params = array())
     {
-        if (! is_array($query_params)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($query_params)) {
             EE_Error::doing_it_wrong('EEM_Base::get_one_copy',
                 sprintf(__('$query_params should be an array, you passed a variable of type %s', 'event_espresso'),
                     gettype($query_params)), '4.6.0');
@@ -5675,7 +5675,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_IDs($model_objects, $filter_out_empty_ids = false)
     {
-        if (! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
+        if ( ! $this->has_primary_key_field()) {
             if (WP_DEBUG) {
                 EE_Error::add_error(
                     __('Trying to get IDs from a model than has no primary key', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -5688,7 +5688,7 @@ 
         $IDs = array();
         foreach ($model_objects as $model_object) {
             $id = $model_object->ID();
-            if (! $id) {
+            if ( ! $id) {
                 if ($filter_out_empty_ids) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -5784,8 +5784,8 @@ 
         $missing_caps = array();
         $cap_restrictions = $this->cap_restrictions($context);
         foreach ($cap_restrictions as $cap => $restriction_if_no_cap) {
-            if (! EE_Capabilities::instance()
-                                 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name() . '_model_applying_caps')
+            if ( ! EE_Capabilities::instance()
+                                 ->current_user_can($cap, $this->get_this_model_name().'_model_applying_caps')
             ) {
                 $missing_caps[$cap] = $restriction_if_no_cap;
             }
@@ -5937,7 +5937,7 @@ 
     {
         foreach ($this->logic_query_param_keys() as $logic_query_param_key) {
             if ($query_param_key === $logic_query_param_key
-                || strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key . '*') === 0
+                || strpos($query_param_key, $logic_query_param_key.'*') === 0
             ) {
                 return true;
             }

core/EE_Dependency_Map.core.php

Indentation +764 added lines, -764 removed lines

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ 
 use EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderInterface;
 
 if (! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
-    exit('No direct script access allowed');
+	exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 
 
@@ -22,769 +22,769 @@ 
 class EE_Dependency_Map
 {
 
-    /**
-     * This means that the requested class dependency is not present in the dependency map
-     */
-    const not_registered = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * This instructs class loaders to ALWAYS return a newly instantiated object for the requested class.
-     */
-    const load_new_object = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * This instructs class loaders to return a previously instantiated and cached object for the requested class.
-     * IF a previously instantiated object does not exist, a new one will be created and added to the cache.
-     */
-    const load_from_cache = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * When registering a dependency,
-     * this indicates to keep any existing dependencies that already exist,
-     * and simply discard any new dependencies declared in the incoming data
-     */
-    const KEEP_EXISTING_DEPENDENCIES = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * When registering a dependency,
-     * this indicates to overwrite any existing dependencies that already exist using the incoming data
-     */
-    const OVERWRITE_DEPENDENCIES = 1;
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @type EE_Dependency_Map $_instance
-     */
-    protected static $_instance;
-
-    /**
-     * @type EE_Request $request
-     */
-    protected $_request;
-
-    /**
-     * @type EE_Response $response
-     */
-    protected $_response;
-
-    /**
-     * @type LoaderInterface $loader
-     */
-    protected $loader;
-
-    /**
-     * @type array $_dependency_map
-     */
-    protected $_dependency_map = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @type array $_class_loaders
-     */
-    protected $_class_loaders = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @type array $_aliases
-     */
-    protected $_aliases = array();
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * EE_Dependency_Map constructor.
-     *
-     * @param EE_Request  $request
-     * @param EE_Response $response
-     */
-    protected function __construct(EE_Request $request, EE_Response $response)
-    {
-        $this->_request = $request;
-        $this->_response = $response;
-        add_action('EE_Load_Espresso_Core__handle_request__initialize_core_loading', array($this, 'initialize'));
-        do_action('EE_Dependency_Map____construct');
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    public function initialize()
-    {
-        $this->_register_core_dependencies();
-        $this->_register_core_class_loaders();
-        $this->_register_core_aliases();
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @singleton method used to instantiate class object
-     * @access    public
-     * @param EE_Request  $request
-     * @param EE_Response $response
-     * @return EE_Dependency_Map
-     */
-    public static function instance(EE_Request $request = null, EE_Response $response = null)
-    {
-        // check if class object is instantiated, and instantiated properly
-        if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_Dependency_Map) {
-            self::$_instance = new EE_Dependency_Map($request, $response);
-        }
-        return self::$_instance;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param LoaderInterface $loader
-     */
-    public function setLoader(LoaderInterface $loader)
-    {
-        $this->loader = $loader;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $class
-     * @param array  $dependencies
-     * @param int    $overwrite
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public static function register_dependencies(
-        $class,
-        array $dependencies,
-        $overwrite = EE_Dependency_Map::KEEP_EXISTING_DEPENDENCIES
-    ) {
-        return self::$_instance->registerDependencies($class, $dependencies, $overwrite);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Assigns an array of class names and corresponding load sources (new or cached)
-     * to the class specified by the first parameter.
-     * IMPORTANT !!!
-     * The order of elements in the incoming $dependencies array MUST match
-     * the order of the constructor parameters for the class in question.
-     * This is especially important when overriding any existing dependencies that are registered.
-     * the third parameter controls whether any duplicate dependencies are overwritten or not.
-     *
-     * @param string $class
-     * @param array  $dependencies
-     * @param int    $overwrite
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function registerDependencies(
-        $class,
-        array $dependencies,
-        $overwrite = EE_Dependency_Map::KEEP_EXISTING_DEPENDENCIES
-    ) {
-        $class = trim($class, '\\');
-        $registered = false;
-        if (empty(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ])) {
-            self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ] = array();
-        }
-        // we need to make sure that any aliases used when registering a dependency
-        // get resolved to the correct class name
-        foreach ((array)$dependencies as $dependency => $load_source) {
-            $alias = self::$_instance->get_alias($dependency);
-            if (
-                $overwrite === EE_Dependency_Map::OVERWRITE_DEPENDENCIES
-                || ! isset(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ][ $alias ])
-            ) {
-                unset($dependencies[$dependency]);
-                $dependencies[$alias] = $load_source;
-                $registered = true;
-            }
-        }
-        // now add our two lists of dependencies together.
-        // using Union (+=) favours the arrays in precedence from left to right,
-        // so $dependencies is NOT overwritten because it is listed first
-        // ie: with A = B + C, entries in B take precedence over duplicate entries in C
-        // Union is way faster than array_merge() but should be used with caution...
-        // especially with numerically indexed arrays
-        $dependencies += self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ];
-        // now we need to ensure that the resulting dependencies
-        // array only has the entries that are required for the class
-        // so first count how many dependencies were originally registered for the class
-        $dependency_count = count(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ]);
-        // if that count is non-zero (meaning dependencies were already registered)
-        self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ] = $dependency_count
-            // then truncate the  final array to match that count
-            ? array_slice($dependencies, 0, $dependency_count)
-            // otherwise just take the incoming array because nothing previously existed
-            : $dependencies;
-        return $registered;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @param string $loader
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public static function register_class_loader($class_name, $loader = 'load_core')
-    {
-        if (! $loader instanceof Closure && strpos($class_name, '\\') !== false) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                esc_html__('Don\'t use class loaders for FQCNs.', 'event_espresso')
-            );
-        }
-        // check that loader is callable or method starts with "load_" and exists in EE_Registry
-        if (
-            ! is_callable($loader)
-            && (
-                strpos($loader, 'load_') !== 0
-                || ! method_exists('EE_Registry', $loader)
-            )
-        ) {
-            throw new DomainException(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        '"%1$s" is not a valid loader method on EE_Registry.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $loader
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $class_name = self::$_instance->get_alias($class_name);
-        if (! isset(self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name])) {
-            self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name] = $loader;
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function dependency_map()
-    {
-        return $this->_dependency_map;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns TRUE if dependency map contains a listing for the provided class name
-     *
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function has($class_name = '')
-    {
-        // all legacy models have the same dependencies
-        if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
-            $class_name = 'LEGACY_MODELS';
-        }
-        return isset($this->_dependency_map[$class_name]) ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns TRUE if dependency map contains a listing for the provided class name AND dependency
-     *
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @param string $dependency
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function has_dependency_for_class($class_name = '', $dependency = '')
-    {
-        // all legacy models have the same dependencies
-        if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
-            $class_name = 'LEGACY_MODELS';
-        }
-        $dependency = $this->get_alias($dependency);
-        return isset($this->_dependency_map[$class_name], $this->_dependency_map[$class_name][$dependency])
-            ? true
-            : false;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns loading strategy for whether a previously cached dependency should be loaded or a new instance returned
-     *
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @param string $dependency
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function loading_strategy_for_class_dependency($class_name = '', $dependency = '')
-    {
-        // all legacy models have the same dependencies
-        if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
-            $class_name = 'LEGACY_MODELS';
-        }
-        $dependency = $this->get_alias($dependency);
-        return $this->has_dependency_for_class($class_name, $dependency)
-            ? $this->_dependency_map[$class_name][$dependency]
-            : EE_Dependency_Map::not_registered;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @return string | Closure
-     */
-    public function class_loader($class_name)
-    {
-        // all legacy models use load_model()
-        if(strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0){
-            return 'load_model';
-        }
-        $class_name = $this->get_alias($class_name);
-        return isset($this->_class_loaders[$class_name]) ? $this->_class_loaders[$class_name] : '';
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function class_loaders()
-    {
-        return $this->_class_loaders;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * adds an alias for a classname
-     *
-     * @param string $class_name the class name that should be used (concrete class to replace interface)
-     * @param string $alias      the class name that would be type hinted for (abstract parent or interface)
-     * @param string $for_class  the class that has the dependency (is type hinting for the interface)
-     */
-    public function add_alias($class_name, $alias, $for_class = '')
-    {
-        if ($for_class !== '') {
-            if (! isset($this->_aliases[$for_class])) {
-                $this->_aliases[$for_class] = array();
-            }
-            $this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name] = $alias;
-        }
-        $this->_aliases[$class_name] = $alias;
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns TRUE if the provided class name has an alias
-     *
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @param string $for_class
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function has_alias($class_name = '', $for_class = '')
-    {
-        return isset($this->_aliases[$for_class], $this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name])
-               || (
-                   isset($this->_aliases[$class_name])
-                   && ! is_array($this->_aliases[$class_name])
-               );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns alias for class name if one exists, otherwise returns the original classname
-     * functions recursively, so that multiple aliases can be used to drill down to a classname
-     *  for example:
-     *      if the following two entries were added to the _aliases array:
-     *          array(
-     *              'interface_alias'           => 'some\namespace\interface'
-     *              'some\namespace\interface'  => 'some\namespace\classname'
-     *          )
-     *      then one could use EE_Registry::instance()->create( 'interface_alias' )
-     *      to load an instance of 'some\namespace\classname'
-     *
-     * @param string $class_name
-     * @param string $for_class
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_alias($class_name = '', $for_class = '')
-    {
-        if (! $this->has_alias($class_name, $for_class)) {
-            return $class_name;
-        }
-        if ($for_class !== '' && isset($this->_aliases[ $for_class ][ $class_name ])) {
-            return $this->get_alias($this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name], $for_class);
-        }
-        return $this->get_alias($this->_aliases[$class_name]);
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Registers the core dependencies and whether a previously instantiated object should be loaded from the cache,
-     * if one exists, or whether a new object should be generated every time the requested class is loaded.
-     * This is done by using the following class constants:
-     *        EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache - loads previously instantiated object
-     *        EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object - generates a new object every time
-     */
-    protected function _register_core_dependencies()
-    {
-        $this->_dependency_map = array(
-            'EE_Request_Handler'                                                                                          => array(
-                'EE_Request' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_System'                                                                                                   => array(
-                'EE_Registry' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Session'                                                                                                  => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EE_Encryption'                                           => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Cart'                                                                                                     => array(
-                'EE_Session' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Front_Controller'                                                                                         => array(
-                'EE_Registry'              => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EE_Request_Handler'       => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EE_Module_Request_Router' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Messenger_Collection_Loader'                                                                              => array(
-                'EE_Messenger_Collection' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-            ),
-            'EE_Message_Type_Collection_Loader'                                                                           => array(
-                'EE_Message_Type_Collection' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-            ),
-            'EE_Message_Resource_Manager'                                                                                 => array(
-                'EE_Messenger_Collection_Loader'    => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-                'EE_Message_Type_Collection_Loader' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-                'EEM_Message_Template_Group'        => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Message_Factory'                                                                                          => array(
-                'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_messages'                                                                                                 => array(
-                'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Messages_Generator'                                                                                       => array(
-                'EE_Messages_Queue'                    => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-                'EE_Messages_Data_Handler_Collection'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-                'EE_Message_Template_Group_Collection' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-                'EEH_Parse_Shortcodes'                 => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Messages_Processor'                                                                                       => array(
-                'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Messages_Queue'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EE_Message_Repository' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
-            ),
-            'EE_Messages_Template_Defaults'                                                                               => array(
-                'EEM_Message_Template_Group' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EEM_Message_Template'       => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Message_To_Generate_From_Request'                                                                         => array(
-                'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EE_Request_Handler'          => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBus'                                                             => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\services\commands\CommandHandler'                                                              => array(
-                'EE_Registry'         => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'CommandBusInterface' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManager'                                                  => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CompositeCommandHandler'                                                => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBus'     => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactory' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactory'                                                         => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker'                                                  => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker'                                         => array(
-                'EE_Capabilities' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\RegistrationsCapChecker'                                     => array(
-                'EE_Capabilities' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegistrationCommandHandler'                          => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CreateRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationDetailsCommandHandler'                     => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CopyRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationPaymentsCommandHandler'                    => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CopyRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CancelRegistrationAndTicketLineItemCommandHandler'         => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CancelTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\UpdateRegistrationAndTransactionAfterChangeCommandHandler' => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\UpdateRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\ticket\CreateTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                              => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\ticket\CreateTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\ticket\CancelTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                              => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\ticket\CancelTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CancelRegistrationService'                                   => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\ticket\CancelTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\attendee\CreateAttendeeCommandHandler'                                  => array(
-                'EEM_Attendee' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_Data_Migration_Class_Base'                                                                                => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_1_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_2_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_3_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_4_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_5_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_6_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_7_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_8_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EE_DMS_Core_4_9_0'                                                                                           => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\assets\Registry'                                                                 => array(
-                'EE_Template_Config' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-                'EE_Currency_Config' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoCancelled'                                             => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoCheckout'                                              => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoEventAttendees'                                        => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoEvents'                                                => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoThankYou'                                              => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoTicketSelector'                                        => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoTxnPage'                                               => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\BasicCacheManager'                                                         => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager'                                                   => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\database\ModelFieldFactory'                                                   => array(
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader'              => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-            'LEGACY_MODELS'                                                   => array(
-                null,
-                'EventEspresso\core\services\database\ModelFieldFactory' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * Registers how core classes are loaded.
-     * This can either be done by simply providing the name of one of the EE_Registry loader methods such as:
-     *        'EE_Request_Handler' => 'load_core'
-     *        'EE_Messages_Queue'  => 'load_lib'
-     *        'EEH_Debug_Tools'    => 'load_helper'
-     * or, if greater control is required, by providing a custom closure. For example:
-     *        'Some_Class' => function () {
-     *            return new Some_Class();
-     *        },
-     * This is required for instantiating dependencies
-     * where an interface has been type hinted in a class constructor. For example:
-     *        'Required_Interface' => function () {
-     *            return new A_Class_That_Implements_Required_Interface();
-     *        },
-     *
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    protected function _register_core_class_loaders()
-    {
-        //for PHP5.3 compat, we need to register any properties called here in a variable because `$this` cannot
-        //be used in a closure.
-        $request = &$this->_request;
-        $response = &$this->_response;
-        $loader = &$this->loader;
-        $this->_class_loaders = array(
-            //load_core
-            'EE_Capabilities'                      => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Encryption'                        => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Front_Controller'                  => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Module_Request_Router'             => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Registry'                          => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Request'                           => function () use (&$request) {
-                return $request;
-            },
-            'EE_Response'                          => function () use (&$response) {
-                return $response;
-            },
-            'EE_Request_Handler'                   => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Session'                           => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Cron_Tasks'                        => 'load_core',
-            //load_lib
-            'EE_Message_Resource_Manager'          => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Message_Type_Collection'           => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Message_Type_Collection_Loader'    => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messenger_Collection'              => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messenger_Collection_Loader'       => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messages_Processor'                => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Message_Repository'                => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messages_Queue'                    => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messages_Data_Handler_Collection'  => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Message_Template_Group_Collection' => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messages_Generator'                => function () {
-                return EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib(
-                    'Messages_Generator',
-                    array(),
-                    false,
-                    false
-                );
-            },
-            'EE_Messages_Template_Defaults'        => function ($arguments = array()) {
-                return EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib(
-                    'Messages_Template_Defaults',
-                    $arguments,
-                    false,
-                    false
-                );
-            },
-            //load_model
-            // 'EEM_Attendee'                         => 'load_model',
-            // 'EEM_Message_Template_Group'           => 'load_model',
-            // 'EEM_Message_Template'                 => 'load_model',
-            //load_helper
-            'EEH_Parse_Shortcodes'                 => function () {
-                if (EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('Parse_Shortcodes')) {
-                    return new EEH_Parse_Shortcodes();
-                }
-                return null;
-            },
-            'EE_Template_Config'                   => function () {
-                return EE_Config::instance()->template_settings;
-            },
-            'EE_Currency_Config'                   => function () {
-                return EE_Config::instance()->currency;
-            },
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => function () use (&$loader) {
-                return $loader;
-            },
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * can be used for supplying alternate names for classes,
-     * or for connecting interface names to instantiable classes
-     */
-    protected function _register_core_aliases()
-    {
-        $this->_aliases = array(
-            'CommandBusInterface'                                                 => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBusInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBusInterface'            => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBus',
-            'CommandHandlerManagerInterface'                                      => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManagerInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManagerInterface' => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManager',
-            'CapChecker'                                                          => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker',
-            'AddActionHook'                                                       => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\AddActionHook',
-            'CapabilitiesChecker'                                                 => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker',
-            'CapabilitiesCheckerInterface'                                        => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesCheckerInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesCheckerInterface' => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker',
-            'CreateRegistrationService'                                           => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CreateRegistrationService',
-            'CreateRegCodeCommandHandler'                                         => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegCodeCommand',
-            'CreateRegUrlLinkCommandHandler'                                      => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegUrlLinkCommand',
-            'CreateRegistrationCommandHandler'                                    => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegistrationCommand',
-            'CopyRegistrationDetailsCommandHandler'                               => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationDetailsCommand',
-            'CopyRegistrationPaymentsCommandHandler'                              => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationPaymentsCommand',
-            'CancelRegistrationAndTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                   => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CancelRegistrationAndTicketLineItemCommandHandler',
-            'UpdateRegistrationAndTransactionAfterChangeCommandHandler'           => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\UpdateRegistrationAndTransactionAfterChangeCommandHandler',
-            'CreateTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                                  => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\ticket\CreateTicketLineItemCommand',
-            'TableManager'                                                        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager',
-            'TableAnalysis'                                                       => 'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis',
-            'CreateTransactionCommandHandler'                                     => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\transaction\CreateTransactionCommandHandler',
-            'CreateAttendeeCommandHandler'                                        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\attendee\CreateAttendeeCommandHandler',
-            'EspressoShortcode'                                                   => 'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\EspressoShortcode',
-            'ShortcodeInterface'                                                  => 'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\ShortcodeInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\ShortcodeInterface'           => 'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\EspressoShortcode',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\CacheStorageInterface'             => 'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage',
-            'LoaderInterface'                                                     => 'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderInterface'                 => 'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader',
-            'CommandFactoryInterface'                                             => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactoryInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactoryInterface'        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactory',
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\session\SessionIdentifierInterface' => 'EE_Session',
-            'NoticeConverterInterface'                                            => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticeConverterInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticeConverterInterface'        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\ConvertNoticesToEeErrors',
-            'NoticesContainerInterface'                                            => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticesContainerInterface',
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticesContainerInterface'        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticesContainer',
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to reset the internal map and class_loaders to their original default state at the beginning of the
-     * request Primarily used by unit tests.
-     *
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    public function reset()
-    {
-        $this->_register_core_class_loaders();
-        $this->_register_core_dependencies();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This means that the requested class dependency is not present in the dependency map
+	 */
+	const not_registered = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * This instructs class loaders to ALWAYS return a newly instantiated object for the requested class.
+	 */
+	const load_new_object = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * This instructs class loaders to return a previously instantiated and cached object for the requested class.
+	 * IF a previously instantiated object does not exist, a new one will be created and added to the cache.
+	 */
+	const load_from_cache = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * When registering a dependency,
+	 * this indicates to keep any existing dependencies that already exist,
+	 * and simply discard any new dependencies declared in the incoming data
+	 */
+	const KEEP_EXISTING_DEPENDENCIES = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * When registering a dependency,
+	 * this indicates to overwrite any existing dependencies that already exist using the incoming data
+	 */
+	const OVERWRITE_DEPENDENCIES = 1;
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @type EE_Dependency_Map $_instance
+	 */
+	protected static $_instance;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type EE_Request $request
+	 */
+	protected $_request;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type EE_Response $response
+	 */
+	protected $_response;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type LoaderInterface $loader
+	 */
+	protected $loader;
+
+	/**
+	 * @type array $_dependency_map
+	 */
+	protected $_dependency_map = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @type array $_class_loaders
+	 */
+	protected $_class_loaders = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @type array $_aliases
+	 */
+	protected $_aliases = array();
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * EE_Dependency_Map constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Request  $request
+	 * @param EE_Response $response
+	 */
+	protected function __construct(EE_Request $request, EE_Response $response)
+	{
+		$this->_request = $request;
+		$this->_response = $response;
+		add_action('EE_Load_Espresso_Core__handle_request__initialize_core_loading', array($this, 'initialize'));
+		do_action('EE_Dependency_Map____construct');
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	public function initialize()
+	{
+		$this->_register_core_dependencies();
+		$this->_register_core_class_loaders();
+		$this->_register_core_aliases();
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @singleton method used to instantiate class object
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param EE_Request  $request
+	 * @param EE_Response $response
+	 * @return EE_Dependency_Map
+	 */
+	public static function instance(EE_Request $request = null, EE_Response $response = null)
+	{
+		// check if class object is instantiated, and instantiated properly
+		if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_Dependency_Map) {
+			self::$_instance = new EE_Dependency_Map($request, $response);
+		}
+		return self::$_instance;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param LoaderInterface $loader
+	 */
+	public function setLoader(LoaderInterface $loader)
+	{
+		$this->loader = $loader;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $class
+	 * @param array  $dependencies
+	 * @param int    $overwrite
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public static function register_dependencies(
+		$class,
+		array $dependencies,
+		$overwrite = EE_Dependency_Map::KEEP_EXISTING_DEPENDENCIES
+	) {
+		return self::$_instance->registerDependencies($class, $dependencies, $overwrite);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Assigns an array of class names and corresponding load sources (new or cached)
+	 * to the class specified by the first parameter.
+	 * IMPORTANT !!!
+	 * The order of elements in the incoming $dependencies array MUST match
+	 * the order of the constructor parameters for the class in question.
+	 * This is especially important when overriding any existing dependencies that are registered.
+	 * the third parameter controls whether any duplicate dependencies are overwritten or not.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class
+	 * @param array  $dependencies
+	 * @param int    $overwrite
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function registerDependencies(
+		$class,
+		array $dependencies,
+		$overwrite = EE_Dependency_Map::KEEP_EXISTING_DEPENDENCIES
+	) {
+		$class = trim($class, '\\');
+		$registered = false;
+		if (empty(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ])) {
+			self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ] = array();
+		}
+		// we need to make sure that any aliases used when registering a dependency
+		// get resolved to the correct class name
+		foreach ((array)$dependencies as $dependency => $load_source) {
+			$alias = self::$_instance->get_alias($dependency);
+			if (
+				$overwrite === EE_Dependency_Map::OVERWRITE_DEPENDENCIES
+				|| ! isset(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ][ $alias ])
+			) {
+				unset($dependencies[$dependency]);
+				$dependencies[$alias] = $load_source;
+				$registered = true;
+			}
+		}
+		// now add our two lists of dependencies together.
+		// using Union (+=) favours the arrays in precedence from left to right,
+		// so $dependencies is NOT overwritten because it is listed first
+		// ie: with A = B + C, entries in B take precedence over duplicate entries in C
+		// Union is way faster than array_merge() but should be used with caution...
+		// especially with numerically indexed arrays
+		$dependencies += self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ];
+		// now we need to ensure that the resulting dependencies
+		// array only has the entries that are required for the class
+		// so first count how many dependencies were originally registered for the class
+		$dependency_count = count(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ]);
+		// if that count is non-zero (meaning dependencies were already registered)
+		self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ] = $dependency_count
+			// then truncate the  final array to match that count
+			? array_slice($dependencies, 0, $dependency_count)
+			// otherwise just take the incoming array because nothing previously existed
+			: $dependencies;
+		return $registered;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @param string $loader
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public static function register_class_loader($class_name, $loader = 'load_core')
+	{
+		if (! $loader instanceof Closure && strpos($class_name, '\\') !== false) {
+			throw new DomainException(
+				esc_html__('Don\'t use class loaders for FQCNs.', 'event_espresso')
+			);
+		}
+		// check that loader is callable or method starts with "load_" and exists in EE_Registry
+		if (
+			! is_callable($loader)
+			&& (
+				strpos($loader, 'load_') !== 0
+				|| ! method_exists('EE_Registry', $loader)
+			)
+		) {
+			throw new DomainException(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'"%1$s" is not a valid loader method on EE_Registry.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$loader
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$class_name = self::$_instance->get_alias($class_name);
+		if (! isset(self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name])) {
+			self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name] = $loader;
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function dependency_map()
+	{
+		return $this->_dependency_map;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns TRUE if dependency map contains a listing for the provided class name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function has($class_name = '')
+	{
+		// all legacy models have the same dependencies
+		if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
+			$class_name = 'LEGACY_MODELS';
+		}
+		return isset($this->_dependency_map[$class_name]) ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns TRUE if dependency map contains a listing for the provided class name AND dependency
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @param string $dependency
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function has_dependency_for_class($class_name = '', $dependency = '')
+	{
+		// all legacy models have the same dependencies
+		if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
+			$class_name = 'LEGACY_MODELS';
+		}
+		$dependency = $this->get_alias($dependency);
+		return isset($this->_dependency_map[$class_name], $this->_dependency_map[$class_name][$dependency])
+			? true
+			: false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns loading strategy for whether a previously cached dependency should be loaded or a new instance returned
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @param string $dependency
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function loading_strategy_for_class_dependency($class_name = '', $dependency = '')
+	{
+		// all legacy models have the same dependencies
+		if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
+			$class_name = 'LEGACY_MODELS';
+		}
+		$dependency = $this->get_alias($dependency);
+		return $this->has_dependency_for_class($class_name, $dependency)
+			? $this->_dependency_map[$class_name][$dependency]
+			: EE_Dependency_Map::not_registered;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @return string | Closure
+	 */
+	public function class_loader($class_name)
+	{
+		// all legacy models use load_model()
+		if(strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0){
+			return 'load_model';
+		}
+		$class_name = $this->get_alias($class_name);
+		return isset($this->_class_loaders[$class_name]) ? $this->_class_loaders[$class_name] : '';
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function class_loaders()
+	{
+		return $this->_class_loaders;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * adds an alias for a classname
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class_name the class name that should be used (concrete class to replace interface)
+	 * @param string $alias      the class name that would be type hinted for (abstract parent or interface)
+	 * @param string $for_class  the class that has the dependency (is type hinting for the interface)
+	 */
+	public function add_alias($class_name, $alias, $for_class = '')
+	{
+		if ($for_class !== '') {
+			if (! isset($this->_aliases[$for_class])) {
+				$this->_aliases[$for_class] = array();
+			}
+			$this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name] = $alias;
+		}
+		$this->_aliases[$class_name] = $alias;
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns TRUE if the provided class name has an alias
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @param string $for_class
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function has_alias($class_name = '', $for_class = '')
+	{
+		return isset($this->_aliases[$for_class], $this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name])
+			   || (
+				   isset($this->_aliases[$class_name])
+				   && ! is_array($this->_aliases[$class_name])
+			   );
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns alias for class name if one exists, otherwise returns the original classname
+	 * functions recursively, so that multiple aliases can be used to drill down to a classname
+	 *  for example:
+	 *      if the following two entries were added to the _aliases array:
+	 *          array(
+	 *              'interface_alias'           => 'some\namespace\interface'
+	 *              'some\namespace\interface'  => 'some\namespace\classname'
+	 *          )
+	 *      then one could use EE_Registry::instance()->create( 'interface_alias' )
+	 *      to load an instance of 'some\namespace\classname'
+	 *
+	 * @param string $class_name
+	 * @param string $for_class
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_alias($class_name = '', $for_class = '')
+	{
+		if (! $this->has_alias($class_name, $for_class)) {
+			return $class_name;
+		}
+		if ($for_class !== '' && isset($this->_aliases[ $for_class ][ $class_name ])) {
+			return $this->get_alias($this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name], $for_class);
+		}
+		return $this->get_alias($this->_aliases[$class_name]);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Registers the core dependencies and whether a previously instantiated object should be loaded from the cache,
+	 * if one exists, or whether a new object should be generated every time the requested class is loaded.
+	 * This is done by using the following class constants:
+	 *        EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache - loads previously instantiated object
+	 *        EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object - generates a new object every time
+	 */
+	protected function _register_core_dependencies()
+	{
+		$this->_dependency_map = array(
+			'EE_Request_Handler'                                                                                          => array(
+				'EE_Request' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_System'                                                                                                   => array(
+				'EE_Registry' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Session'                                                                                                  => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EE_Encryption'                                           => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Cart'                                                                                                     => array(
+				'EE_Session' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Front_Controller'                                                                                         => array(
+				'EE_Registry'              => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EE_Request_Handler'       => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EE_Module_Request_Router' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Messenger_Collection_Loader'                                                                              => array(
+				'EE_Messenger_Collection' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+			),
+			'EE_Message_Type_Collection_Loader'                                                                           => array(
+				'EE_Message_Type_Collection' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+			),
+			'EE_Message_Resource_Manager'                                                                                 => array(
+				'EE_Messenger_Collection_Loader'    => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+				'EE_Message_Type_Collection_Loader' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+				'EEM_Message_Template_Group'        => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Message_Factory'                                                                                          => array(
+				'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_messages'                                                                                                 => array(
+				'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Messages_Generator'                                                                                       => array(
+				'EE_Messages_Queue'                    => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+				'EE_Messages_Data_Handler_Collection'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+				'EE_Message_Template_Group_Collection' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+				'EEH_Parse_Shortcodes'                 => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Messages_Processor'                                                                                       => array(
+				'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Messages_Queue'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EE_Message_Repository' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_new_object,
+			),
+			'EE_Messages_Template_Defaults'                                                                               => array(
+				'EEM_Message_Template_Group' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EEM_Message_Template'       => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Message_To_Generate_From_Request'                                                                         => array(
+				'EE_Message_Resource_Manager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EE_Request_Handler'          => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBus'                                                             => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\services\commands\CommandHandler'                                                              => array(
+				'EE_Registry'         => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'CommandBusInterface' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManager'                                                  => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CompositeCommandHandler'                                                => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBus'     => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactory' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactory'                                                         => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker'                                                  => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker'                                         => array(
+				'EE_Capabilities' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\RegistrationsCapChecker'                                     => array(
+				'EE_Capabilities' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegistrationCommandHandler'                          => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CreateRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationDetailsCommandHandler'                     => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CopyRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationPaymentsCommandHandler'                    => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CopyRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CancelRegistrationAndTicketLineItemCommandHandler'         => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CancelTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\UpdateRegistrationAndTransactionAfterChangeCommandHandler' => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\UpdateRegistrationService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\ticket\CreateTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                              => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\ticket\CreateTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\ticket\CancelTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                              => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\ticket\CancelTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CancelRegistrationService'                                   => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\ticket\CancelTicketLineItemService' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\attendee\CreateAttendeeCommandHandler'                                  => array(
+				'EEM_Attendee' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_Data_Migration_Class_Base'                                                                                => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_1_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_2_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_3_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_4_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_5_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_6_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_7_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_8_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EE_DMS_Core_4_9_0'                                                                                           => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager'  => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\assets\Registry'                                                                 => array(
+				'EE_Template_Config' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+				'EE_Currency_Config' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoCancelled'                                             => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoCheckout'                                              => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoEventAttendees'                                        => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoEvents'                                                => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoThankYou'                                              => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoTicketSelector'                                        => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\shortcodes\EspressoTxnPage'                                               => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\BasicCacheManager'                                                         => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\PostRelatedCacheManager'                                                   => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\database\ModelFieldFactory'                                                   => array(
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader'              => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+			'LEGACY_MODELS'                                                   => array(
+				null,
+				'EventEspresso\core\services\database\ModelFieldFactory' => EE_Dependency_Map::load_from_cache,
+			),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Registers how core classes are loaded.
+	 * This can either be done by simply providing the name of one of the EE_Registry loader methods such as:
+	 *        'EE_Request_Handler' => 'load_core'
+	 *        'EE_Messages_Queue'  => 'load_lib'
+	 *        'EEH_Debug_Tools'    => 'load_helper'
+	 * or, if greater control is required, by providing a custom closure. For example:
+	 *        'Some_Class' => function () {
+	 *            return new Some_Class();
+	 *        },
+	 * This is required for instantiating dependencies
+	 * where an interface has been type hinted in a class constructor. For example:
+	 *        'Required_Interface' => function () {
+	 *            return new A_Class_That_Implements_Required_Interface();
+	 *        },
+	 *
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	protected function _register_core_class_loaders()
+	{
+		//for PHP5.3 compat, we need to register any properties called here in a variable because `$this` cannot
+		//be used in a closure.
+		$request = &$this->_request;
+		$response = &$this->_response;
+		$loader = &$this->loader;
+		$this->_class_loaders = array(
+			//load_core
+			'EE_Capabilities'                      => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Encryption'                        => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Front_Controller'                  => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Module_Request_Router'             => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Registry'                          => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Request'                           => function () use (&$request) {
+				return $request;
+			},
+			'EE_Response'                          => function () use (&$response) {
+				return $response;
+			},
+			'EE_Request_Handler'                   => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Session'                           => 'load_core',
+			'EE_Cron_Tasks'                        => 'load_core',
+			//load_lib
+			'EE_Message_Resource_Manager'          => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Message_Type_Collection'           => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Message_Type_Collection_Loader'    => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Messenger_Collection'              => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Messenger_Collection_Loader'       => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Messages_Processor'                => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Message_Repository'                => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Messages_Queue'                    => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Messages_Data_Handler_Collection'  => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Message_Template_Group_Collection' => 'load_lib',
+			'EE_Messages_Generator'                => function () {
+				return EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib(
+					'Messages_Generator',
+					array(),
+					false,
+					false
+				);
+			},
+			'EE_Messages_Template_Defaults'        => function ($arguments = array()) {
+				return EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib(
+					'Messages_Template_Defaults',
+					$arguments,
+					false,
+					false
+				);
+			},
+			//load_model
+			// 'EEM_Attendee'                         => 'load_model',
+			// 'EEM_Message_Template_Group'           => 'load_model',
+			// 'EEM_Message_Template'                 => 'load_model',
+			//load_helper
+			'EEH_Parse_Shortcodes'                 => function () {
+				if (EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('Parse_Shortcodes')) {
+					return new EEH_Parse_Shortcodes();
+				}
+				return null;
+			},
+			'EE_Template_Config'                   => function () {
+				return EE_Config::instance()->template_settings;
+			},
+			'EE_Currency_Config'                   => function () {
+				return EE_Config::instance()->currency;
+			},
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => function () use (&$loader) {
+				return $loader;
+			},
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * can be used for supplying alternate names for classes,
+	 * or for connecting interface names to instantiable classes
+	 */
+	protected function _register_core_aliases()
+	{
+		$this->_aliases = array(
+			'CommandBusInterface'                                                 => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBusInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBusInterface'            => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandBus',
+			'CommandHandlerManagerInterface'                                      => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManagerInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManagerInterface' => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandHandlerManager',
+			'CapChecker'                                                          => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker',
+			'AddActionHook'                                                       => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\AddActionHook',
+			'CapabilitiesChecker'                                                 => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker',
+			'CapabilitiesCheckerInterface'                                        => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesCheckerInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesCheckerInterface' => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\capabilities\CapabilitiesChecker',
+			'CreateRegistrationService'                                           => 'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\registration\CreateRegistrationService',
+			'CreateRegCodeCommandHandler'                                         => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegCodeCommand',
+			'CreateRegUrlLinkCommandHandler'                                      => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegUrlLinkCommand',
+			'CreateRegistrationCommandHandler'                                    => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CreateRegistrationCommand',
+			'CopyRegistrationDetailsCommandHandler'                               => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationDetailsCommand',
+			'CopyRegistrationPaymentsCommandHandler'                              => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CopyRegistrationPaymentsCommand',
+			'CancelRegistrationAndTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                   => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\CancelRegistrationAndTicketLineItemCommandHandler',
+			'UpdateRegistrationAndTransactionAfterChangeCommandHandler'           => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\registration\UpdateRegistrationAndTransactionAfterChangeCommandHandler',
+			'CreateTicketLineItemCommandHandler'                                  => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\ticket\CreateTicketLineItemCommand',
+			'TableManager'                                                        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableManager',
+			'TableAnalysis'                                                       => 'EventEspresso\core\services\database\TableAnalysis',
+			'CreateTransactionCommandHandler'                                     => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\transaction\CreateTransactionCommandHandler',
+			'CreateAttendeeCommandHandler'                                        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\attendee\CreateAttendeeCommandHandler',
+			'EspressoShortcode'                                                   => 'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\EspressoShortcode',
+			'ShortcodeInterface'                                                  => 'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\ShortcodeInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\ShortcodeInterface'           => 'EventEspresso\core\services\shortcodes\EspressoShortcode',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\CacheStorageInterface'             => 'EventEspresso\core\services\cache\TransientCacheStorage',
+			'LoaderInterface'                                                     => 'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderInterface'                 => 'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader',
+			'CommandFactoryInterface'                                             => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactoryInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactoryInterface'        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\commands\CommandFactory',
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\session\SessionIdentifierInterface' => 'EE_Session',
+			'NoticeConverterInterface'                                            => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticeConverterInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticeConverterInterface'        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\ConvertNoticesToEeErrors',
+			'NoticesContainerInterface'                                            => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticesContainerInterface',
+			'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticesContainerInterface'        => 'EventEspresso\core\services\notices\NoticesContainer',
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to reset the internal map and class_loaders to their original default state at the beginning of the
+	 * request Primarily used by unit tests.
+	 *
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	public function reset()
+	{
+		$this->_register_core_class_loaders();
+		$this->_register_core_dependencies();
+	}
 
 
 }

Spacing +23 added lines, -23 removed lines

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 
 use EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderFactory;
 use EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\LoaderInterface;
 
-if (! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
+if ( ! defined('EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION')) {
     exit('No direct script access allowed');
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ 
     public static function instance(EE_Request $request = null, EE_Response $response = null)
     {
         // check if class object is instantiated, and instantiated properly
-        if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_Dependency_Map) {
+        if ( ! self::$_instance instanceof EE_Dependency_Map) {
             self::$_instance = new EE_Dependency_Map($request, $response);
         }
         return self::$_instance;
@@ -185,16 +185,16 @@ 
     ) {
         $class = trim($class, '\\');
         $registered = false;
-        if (empty(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ])) {
-            self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ] = array();
+        if (empty(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[$class])) {
+            self::$_instance->_dependency_map[$class] = array();
         }
         // we need to make sure that any aliases used when registering a dependency
         // get resolved to the correct class name
-        foreach ((array)$dependencies as $dependency => $load_source) {
+        foreach ((array) $dependencies as $dependency => $load_source) {
             $alias = self::$_instance->get_alias($dependency);
             if (
                 $overwrite === EE_Dependency_Map::OVERWRITE_DEPENDENCIES
-                || ! isset(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ][ $alias ])
+                || ! isset(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[$class][$alias])
             ) {
                 unset($dependencies[$dependency]);
                 $dependencies[$alias] = $load_source;
@@ -207,13 +207,13 @@ 
         // ie: with A = B + C, entries in B take precedence over duplicate entries in C
         // Union is way faster than array_merge() but should be used with caution...
         // especially with numerically indexed arrays
-        $dependencies += self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ];
+        $dependencies += self::$_instance->_dependency_map[$class];
         // now we need to ensure that the resulting dependencies
         // array only has the entries that are required for the class
         // so first count how many dependencies were originally registered for the class
-        $dependency_count = count(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ]);
+        $dependency_count = count(self::$_instance->_dependency_map[$class]);
         // if that count is non-zero (meaning dependencies were already registered)
-        self::$_instance->_dependency_map[ $class ] = $dependency_count
+        self::$_instance->_dependency_map[$class] = $dependency_count
             // then truncate the  final array to match that count
             ? array_slice($dependencies, 0, $dependency_count)
             // otherwise just take the incoming array because nothing previously existed
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ 
      */
     public static function register_class_loader($class_name, $loader = 'load_core')
     {
-        if (! $loader instanceof Closure && strpos($class_name, '\\') !== false) {
+        if ( ! $loader instanceof Closure && strpos($class_name, '\\') !== false) {
             throw new DomainException(
                 esc_html__('Don\'t use class loaders for FQCNs.', 'event_espresso')
             );
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         $class_name = self::$_instance->get_alias($class_name);
-        if (! isset(self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name])) {
+        if ( ! isset(self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name])) {
             self::$_instance->_class_loaders[$class_name] = $loader;
             return true;
         }
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ 
     public function class_loader($class_name)
     {
         // all legacy models use load_model()
-        if(strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0){
+        if (strpos($class_name, 'EEM_') === 0) {
             return 'load_model';
         }
         $class_name = $this->get_alias($class_name);
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ 
     public function add_alias($class_name, $alias, $for_class = '')
     {
         if ($for_class !== '') {
-            if (! isset($this->_aliases[$for_class])) {
+            if ( ! isset($this->_aliases[$for_class])) {
                 $this->_aliases[$for_class] = array();
             }
             $this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name] = $alias;
@@ -415,10 +415,10 @@ 
      */
     public function get_alias($class_name = '', $for_class = '')
     {
-        if (! $this->has_alias($class_name, $for_class)) {
+        if ( ! $this->has_alias($class_name, $for_class)) {
             return $class_name;
         }
-        if ($for_class !== '' && isset($this->_aliases[ $for_class ][ $class_name ])) {
+        if ($for_class !== '' && isset($this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name])) {
             return $this->get_alias($this->_aliases[$for_class][$class_name], $for_class);
         }
         return $this->get_alias($this->_aliases[$class_name]);
@@ -664,10 +664,10 @@ 
             'EE_Front_Controller'                  => 'load_core',
             'EE_Module_Request_Router'             => 'load_core',
             'EE_Registry'                          => 'load_core',
-            'EE_Request'                           => function () use (&$request) {
+            'EE_Request'                           => function() use (&$request) {
                 return $request;
             },
-            'EE_Response'                          => function () use (&$response) {
+            'EE_Response'                          => function() use (&$response) {
                 return $response;
             },
             'EE_Request_Handler'                   => 'load_core',
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ 
             'EE_Messages_Queue'                    => 'load_lib',
             'EE_Messages_Data_Handler_Collection'  => 'load_lib',
             'EE_Message_Template_Group_Collection' => 'load_lib',
-            'EE_Messages_Generator'                => function () {
+            'EE_Messages_Generator'                => function() {
                 return EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib(
                     'Messages_Generator',
                     array(),
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ 
                     false
                 );
             },
-            'EE_Messages_Template_Defaults'        => function ($arguments = array()) {
+            'EE_Messages_Template_Defaults'        => function($arguments = array()) {
                 return EE_Registry::instance()->load_lib(
                     'Messages_Template_Defaults',
                     $arguments,
@@ -705,19 +705,19 @@ 
             // 'EEM_Message_Template_Group'           => 'load_model',
             // 'EEM_Message_Template'                 => 'load_model',
             //load_helper
-            'EEH_Parse_Shortcodes'                 => function () {
+            'EEH_Parse_Shortcodes'                 => function() {
                 if (EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('Parse_Shortcodes')) {
                     return new EEH_Parse_Shortcodes();
                 }
                 return null;
             },
-            'EE_Template_Config'                   => function () {
+            'EE_Template_Config'                   => function() {
                 return EE_Config::instance()->template_settings;
             },
-            'EE_Currency_Config'                   => function () {
+            'EE_Currency_Config'                   => function() {
                 return EE_Config::instance()->currency;
             },
-            'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => function () use (&$loader) {
+            'EventEspresso\core\services\loaders\Loader' => function() use (&$loader) {
                 return $loader;
             },
         );