eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/libraries/form_sections/form_handlers/SequentialStepFormManager.php

Indentation +579 added lines, -579 removed lines

@@ -31,583 +31,583 @@
 abstract class SequentialStepFormManager
 {
 
-    /**
-     * a simplified URL with no form related parameters
-     * that will be used to build the form's redirect URLs
-     *
-     * @var string $base_url
-     */
-    private $base_url = '';
-
-    /**
-     * the key used for the URL param that denotes the current form step
-     * defaults to 'ee-form-step'
-     *
-     * @var string $form_step_url_key
-     */
-    private $form_step_url_key = '';
-
-    /**
-     * @var string $default_form_step
-     */
-    private $default_form_step = '';
-
-    /**
-     * @var string $form_action
-     */
-    private $form_action;
-
-    /**
-     * value of one of the string constant above
-     *
-     * @var string $form_config
-     */
-    private $form_config;
-
-    /**
-     * @var string $progress_step_style
-     */
-    private $progress_step_style = '';
-
-    /**
-     * @var RequestInterface $request
-     */
-    private $request;
-
-    /**
-     * @var Collection $form_steps
-     */
-    protected $form_steps;
-
-    /**
-     * @var ProgressStepManager $progress_step_manager
-     */
-    protected $progress_step_manager;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return Collection|null
-     */
-    abstract protected function getFormStepsCollection();
-
-    // phpcs:disable PEAR.Functions.ValidDefaultValue.NotAtEnd
-    /**
-     * StepsManager constructor
-     *
-     * @param string                           $base_url
-     * @param string                           $default_form_step
-     * @param string                           $form_action
-     * @param string                           $form_config
-     * @param EE_Request|RequestInterface|null $request
-     * @param string                           $progress_step_style
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    public function __construct(
-        $base_url,
-        $default_form_step,
-        $form_action = '',
-        $form_config = FormHandler::ADD_FORM_TAGS_AND_SUBMIT,
-        $progress_step_style = 'number_bubbles',
-        $request = null
-    ) {
-        $this->setBaseUrl($base_url);
-        $this->setDefaultFormStep($default_form_step);
-        $this->setFormAction($form_action);
-        $this->setFormConfig($form_config);
-        $this->setProgressStepStyle($progress_step_style);
-        $this->request = $request instanceof RequestInterface
-            ? $request
-            : LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\request\RequestInterface');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function baseUrl()
-    {
-        if (strpos($this->base_url, $this->getCurrentStep()->slug()) === false) {
-            add_query_arg(
-                array($this->form_step_url_key => $this->getCurrentStep()->slug()),
-                $this->base_url
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->base_url;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $base_url
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     */
-    protected function setBaseUrl($base_url)
-    {
-        if (! is_string($base_url)) {
-            throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$base_url', $base_url, 'string');
-        }
-        if (empty($base_url)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                esc_html__('The base URL can not be an empty string.', 'event_espresso')
-            );
-        }
-        $this->base_url = $base_url;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    public function formStepUrlKey()
-    {
-        if (empty($this->form_step_url_key)) {
-            $this->setFormStepUrlKey();
-        }
-        return $this->form_step_url_key;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $form_step_url_key
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    public function setFormStepUrlKey($form_step_url_key = 'ee-form-step')
-    {
-        if (! is_string($form_step_url_key)) {
-            throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$form_step_key', $form_step_url_key, 'string');
-        }
-        $this->form_step_url_key = ! empty($form_step_url_key) ? $form_step_url_key : 'ee-form-step';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function defaultFormStep()
-    {
-        return $this->default_form_step;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $default_form_step
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    protected function setDefaultFormStep($default_form_step)
-    {
-        if (! is_string($default_form_step)) {
-            throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$default_form_step', $default_form_step, 'string');
-        }
-        $this->default_form_step = $default_form_step;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    protected function setCurrentStepFromRequest()
-    {
-        $current_step_slug = $this->request()->getRequestParam($this->formStepUrlKey(), $this->defaultFormStep());
-        if (! $this->form_steps->setCurrent($current_step_slug)) {
-            throw new InvalidIdentifierException(
-                $current_step_slug,
-                $this->defaultFormStep(),
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('The "%1$s" form step could not be set.', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $current_step_slug
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return SequentialStepFormInterface|object
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function getCurrentStep()
-    {
-        if (! $this->form_steps->current() instanceof SequentialStepForm) {
-            throw new InvalidFormHandlerException($this->form_steps->current());
-        }
-        return $this->form_steps->current();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function formAction()
-    {
-        if (! is_string($this->form_action) || empty($this->form_action)) {
-            $this->form_action = $this->baseUrl();
-        }
-        return $this->form_action;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $form_action
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    public function setFormAction($form_action)
-    {
-        if (! is_string($form_action)) {
-            throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$form_action', $form_action, 'string');
-        }
-        $this->form_action = $form_action;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $form_action_args
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function addFormActionArgs($form_action_args = array())
-    {
-        if (! is_array($form_action_args)) {
-            throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$form_action_args', $form_action_args, 'array');
-        }
-        $form_action_args = ! empty($form_action_args)
-            ? $form_action_args
-            : array($this->formStepUrlKey() => $this->form_steps->current()->slug());
-        $this->getCurrentStep()->setFormAction(
-            add_query_arg($form_action_args, $this->formAction())
-        );
-        $this->form_action = $this->getCurrentStep()->formAction();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function formConfig()
-    {
-        return $this->form_config;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $form_config
-     */
-    public function setFormConfig($form_config)
-    {
-        $this->form_config = $form_config;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function progressStepStyle()
-    {
-        return $this->progress_step_style;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $progress_step_style
-     */
-    public function setProgressStepStyle($progress_step_style)
-    {
-        $this->progress_step_style = $progress_step_style;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return RequestInterface
-     */
-    public function request()
-    {
-        return $this->request;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return Collection|null
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    protected function getProgressStepsCollection()
-    {
-        static $collection = null;
-        if (! $collection instanceof ProgressStepCollection) {
-            $collection = new ProgressStepCollection();
-        }
-        return $collection;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param Collection $progress_steps_collection
-     * @return ProgressStepManager
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    protected function generateProgressSteps(Collection $progress_steps_collection)
-    {
-        $current_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
-        /** @var SequentialStepForm $form_step */
-        foreach ($this->form_steps as $form_step) {
-            // is this step active ?
-            if (! $form_step->initialize()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $progress_steps_collection->add(
-                new ProgressStep(
-                    $form_step->order(),
-                    $form_step->slug(),
-                    $form_step->slug(),
-                    $form_step->formName()
-                ),
-                $form_step->slug()
-            );
-        }
-        // set collection pointer back to current step
-        $this->form_steps->setCurrentUsingObject($current_step);
-        return new ProgressStepManager(
-            $this->progressStepStyle(),
-            $this->defaultFormStep(),
-            $this->formStepUrlKey(),
-            $progress_steps_collection
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function buildForm()
-    {
-        $this->buildCurrentStepFormForDisplay();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $form_data
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function processForm($form_data = array())
-    {
-        $this->buildCurrentStepFormForProcessing();
-        $this->processCurrentStepForm($form_data);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function buildCurrentStepFormForDisplay()
-    {
-        $form_step = $this->buildCurrentStepForm();
-        // no displayable content ? then skip straight to processing
-        if (! $form_step->displayable()) {
-            $this->addFormActionArgs();
-            $form_step->setFormAction($this->formAction());
-            wp_safe_redirect($form_step->formAction());
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function buildCurrentStepFormForProcessing()
-    {
-        $this->buildCurrentStepForm(false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $for_display
-     * @return SequentialStepFormInterface
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidEntityException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    private function buildCurrentStepForm($for_display = true)
-    {
-        $this->form_steps = $this->getFormStepsCollection();
-        $this->setCurrentStepFromRequest();
-        $form_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
-        if ($form_step->submitBtnText() === esc_html__('Submit', 'event_espresso')) {
-            $form_step->setSubmitBtnText(esc_html__('Next Step', 'event_espresso'));
-        }
-        if ($for_display && $form_step->displayable()) {
-            $this->progress_step_manager = $this->generateProgressSteps(
-                $this->getProgressStepsCollection()
-            );
-            $this->progress_step_manager->setCurrentStep(
-                $form_step->slug()
-            );
-            // mark all previous progress steps as completed
-            $this->progress_step_manager->setPreviousStepsCompleted();
-            $this->progress_step_manager->enqueueStylesAndScripts();
-            $this->addFormActionArgs();
-            $form_step->setFormAction($this->formAction());
-        } else {
-            $form_step->setRedirectUrl($this->baseUrl());
-            $form_step->addRedirectArgs(
-                array($this->formStepUrlKey() => $this->form_steps->current()->slug())
-            );
-        }
-        $form_step->generate();
-        if ($for_display) {
-            $form_step->enqueueStylesAndScripts();
-        }
-        return $form_step;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $return_as_string
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function displayProgressSteps($return_as_string = true)
-    {
-        $form_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
-        if (! $form_step->displayable()) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $progress_steps = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_libraries_form_sections_form_handlers_SequentialStepFormManager__displayProgressSteps__before_steps',
-            ''
-        );
-        $progress_steps .= $this->progress_step_manager->displaySteps();
-        $progress_steps .= apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_libraries_form_sections_form_handlers_SequentialStepFormManager__displayProgressSteps__after_steps',
-            ''
-        );
-        if ($return_as_string) {
-            return $progress_steps;
-        }
-        echo wp_kses($progress_steps, AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param bool $return_as_string
-     * @return string
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function displayCurrentStepForm($return_as_string = true)
-    {
-        if ($return_as_string) {
-            return $this->getCurrentStep()->display();
-        }
-        echo wp_kses($this->getCurrentStep()->display(), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $form_data
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function processCurrentStepForm($form_data = array())
-    {
-        // grab instance of current step because after calling next() below,
-        // any calls to getCurrentStep() will return the "next" step because we advanced
-        $current_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
-        try {
-            // form processing should either throw exceptions or return true
-            $current_step->process($form_data);
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            // something went wrong, convert the Exception to an EE_Error
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            // prevent redirect to next step or other if exception was thrown
-            if (
-                $current_step->redirectTo() === SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_NEXT_STEP
-                || $current_step->redirectTo() === SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_OTHER
-            ) {
-                $current_step->setRedirectTo(SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_CURRENT_STEP);
-            }
-        }
-        // save notices to a transient so that when we redirect back
-        // to the display portion for this step
-        // those notices can be displayed
-        EE_Error::get_notices(false, true);
-        $this->redirectForm($current_step);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * handles where to go to next
-     *
-     * @param SequentialStepFormInterface $current_step
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
-     */
-    public function redirectForm(SequentialStepFormInterface $current_step)
-    {
-        $redirect_step = $current_step;
-        switch ($current_step->redirectTo()) {
-            case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_OTHER:
-                // going somewhere else, so just check out now
-                wp_safe_redirect($redirect_step->redirectUrl());
-                exit();
-            case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_PREV_STEP:
-                $redirect_step = $this->form_steps->previous();
-                break;
-            case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_NEXT_STEP:
-                $this->form_steps->next();
-                if ($this->form_steps->valid()) {
-                    $redirect_step = $this->form_steps->current();
-                }
-                break;
-            case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_CURRENT_STEP:
-            default:
-                // $redirect_step is already set
-        }
-        $current_step->setRedirectUrl($this->baseUrl());
-        $current_step->addRedirectArgs(
-            // use the slug for whatever step we are redirecting too
-            array($this->formStepUrlKey() => $redirect_step->slug())
-        );
-        wp_safe_redirect($current_step->redirectUrl());
-        exit();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * a simplified URL with no form related parameters
+	 * that will be used to build the form's redirect URLs
+	 *
+	 * @var string $base_url
+	 */
+	private $base_url = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * the key used for the URL param that denotes the current form step
+	 * defaults to 'ee-form-step'
+	 *
+	 * @var string $form_step_url_key
+	 */
+	private $form_step_url_key = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var string $default_form_step
+	 */
+	private $default_form_step = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var string $form_action
+	 */
+	private $form_action;
+
+	/**
+	 * value of one of the string constant above
+	 *
+	 * @var string $form_config
+	 */
+	private $form_config;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var string $progress_step_style
+	 */
+	private $progress_step_style = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var RequestInterface $request
+	 */
+	private $request;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var Collection $form_steps
+	 */
+	protected $form_steps;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var ProgressStepManager $progress_step_manager
+	 */
+	protected $progress_step_manager;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return Collection|null
+	 */
+	abstract protected function getFormStepsCollection();
+
+	// phpcs:disable PEAR.Functions.ValidDefaultValue.NotAtEnd
+	/**
+	 * StepsManager constructor
+	 *
+	 * @param string                           $base_url
+	 * @param string                           $default_form_step
+	 * @param string                           $form_action
+	 * @param string                           $form_config
+	 * @param EE_Request|RequestInterface|null $request
+	 * @param string                           $progress_step_style
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	public function __construct(
+		$base_url,
+		$default_form_step,
+		$form_action = '',
+		$form_config = FormHandler::ADD_FORM_TAGS_AND_SUBMIT,
+		$progress_step_style = 'number_bubbles',
+		$request = null
+	) {
+		$this->setBaseUrl($base_url);
+		$this->setDefaultFormStep($default_form_step);
+		$this->setFormAction($form_action);
+		$this->setFormConfig($form_config);
+		$this->setProgressStepStyle($progress_step_style);
+		$this->request = $request instanceof RequestInterface
+			? $request
+			: LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\request\RequestInterface');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function baseUrl()
+	{
+		if (strpos($this->base_url, $this->getCurrentStep()->slug()) === false) {
+			add_query_arg(
+				array($this->form_step_url_key => $this->getCurrentStep()->slug()),
+				$this->base_url
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->base_url;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $base_url
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 */
+	protected function setBaseUrl($base_url)
+	{
+		if (! is_string($base_url)) {
+			throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$base_url', $base_url, 'string');
+		}
+		if (empty($base_url)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+				esc_html__('The base URL can not be an empty string.', 'event_espresso')
+			);
+		}
+		$this->base_url = $base_url;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	public function formStepUrlKey()
+	{
+		if (empty($this->form_step_url_key)) {
+			$this->setFormStepUrlKey();
+		}
+		return $this->form_step_url_key;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $form_step_url_key
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	public function setFormStepUrlKey($form_step_url_key = 'ee-form-step')
+	{
+		if (! is_string($form_step_url_key)) {
+			throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$form_step_key', $form_step_url_key, 'string');
+		}
+		$this->form_step_url_key = ! empty($form_step_url_key) ? $form_step_url_key : 'ee-form-step';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function defaultFormStep()
+	{
+		return $this->default_form_step;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $default_form_step
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	protected function setDefaultFormStep($default_form_step)
+	{
+		if (! is_string($default_form_step)) {
+			throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$default_form_step', $default_form_step, 'string');
+		}
+		$this->default_form_step = $default_form_step;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	protected function setCurrentStepFromRequest()
+	{
+		$current_step_slug = $this->request()->getRequestParam($this->formStepUrlKey(), $this->defaultFormStep());
+		if (! $this->form_steps->setCurrent($current_step_slug)) {
+			throw new InvalidIdentifierException(
+				$current_step_slug,
+				$this->defaultFormStep(),
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('The "%1$s" form step could not be set.', 'event_espresso'),
+					$current_step_slug
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return SequentialStepFormInterface|object
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function getCurrentStep()
+	{
+		if (! $this->form_steps->current() instanceof SequentialStepForm) {
+			throw new InvalidFormHandlerException($this->form_steps->current());
+		}
+		return $this->form_steps->current();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function formAction()
+	{
+		if (! is_string($this->form_action) || empty($this->form_action)) {
+			$this->form_action = $this->baseUrl();
+		}
+		return $this->form_action;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $form_action
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	public function setFormAction($form_action)
+	{
+		if (! is_string($form_action)) {
+			throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$form_action', $form_action, 'string');
+		}
+		$this->form_action = $form_action;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $form_action_args
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function addFormActionArgs($form_action_args = array())
+	{
+		if (! is_array($form_action_args)) {
+			throw new InvalidDataTypeException('$form_action_args', $form_action_args, 'array');
+		}
+		$form_action_args = ! empty($form_action_args)
+			? $form_action_args
+			: array($this->formStepUrlKey() => $this->form_steps->current()->slug());
+		$this->getCurrentStep()->setFormAction(
+			add_query_arg($form_action_args, $this->formAction())
+		);
+		$this->form_action = $this->getCurrentStep()->formAction();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function formConfig()
+	{
+		return $this->form_config;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $form_config
+	 */
+	public function setFormConfig($form_config)
+	{
+		$this->form_config = $form_config;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function progressStepStyle()
+	{
+		return $this->progress_step_style;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $progress_step_style
+	 */
+	public function setProgressStepStyle($progress_step_style)
+	{
+		$this->progress_step_style = $progress_step_style;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return RequestInterface
+	 */
+	public function request()
+	{
+		return $this->request;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return Collection|null
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	protected function getProgressStepsCollection()
+	{
+		static $collection = null;
+		if (! $collection instanceof ProgressStepCollection) {
+			$collection = new ProgressStepCollection();
+		}
+		return $collection;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param Collection $progress_steps_collection
+	 * @return ProgressStepManager
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	protected function generateProgressSteps(Collection $progress_steps_collection)
+	{
+		$current_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
+		/** @var SequentialStepForm $form_step */
+		foreach ($this->form_steps as $form_step) {
+			// is this step active ?
+			if (! $form_step->initialize()) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			$progress_steps_collection->add(
+				new ProgressStep(
+					$form_step->order(),
+					$form_step->slug(),
+					$form_step->slug(),
+					$form_step->formName()
+				),
+				$form_step->slug()
+			);
+		}
+		// set collection pointer back to current step
+		$this->form_steps->setCurrentUsingObject($current_step);
+		return new ProgressStepManager(
+			$this->progressStepStyle(),
+			$this->defaultFormStep(),
+			$this->formStepUrlKey(),
+			$progress_steps_collection
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function buildForm()
+	{
+		$this->buildCurrentStepFormForDisplay();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $form_data
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function processForm($form_data = array())
+	{
+		$this->buildCurrentStepFormForProcessing();
+		$this->processCurrentStepForm($form_data);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function buildCurrentStepFormForDisplay()
+	{
+		$form_step = $this->buildCurrentStepForm();
+		// no displayable content ? then skip straight to processing
+		if (! $form_step->displayable()) {
+			$this->addFormActionArgs();
+			$form_step->setFormAction($this->formAction());
+			wp_safe_redirect($form_step->formAction());
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function buildCurrentStepFormForProcessing()
+	{
+		$this->buildCurrentStepForm(false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $for_display
+	 * @return SequentialStepFormInterface
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidEntityException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 * @throws InvalidIdentifierException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	private function buildCurrentStepForm($for_display = true)
+	{
+		$this->form_steps = $this->getFormStepsCollection();
+		$this->setCurrentStepFromRequest();
+		$form_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
+		if ($form_step->submitBtnText() === esc_html__('Submit', 'event_espresso')) {
+			$form_step->setSubmitBtnText(esc_html__('Next Step', 'event_espresso'));
+		}
+		if ($for_display && $form_step->displayable()) {
+			$this->progress_step_manager = $this->generateProgressSteps(
+				$this->getProgressStepsCollection()
+			);
+			$this->progress_step_manager->setCurrentStep(
+				$form_step->slug()
+			);
+			// mark all previous progress steps as completed
+			$this->progress_step_manager->setPreviousStepsCompleted();
+			$this->progress_step_manager->enqueueStylesAndScripts();
+			$this->addFormActionArgs();
+			$form_step->setFormAction($this->formAction());
+		} else {
+			$form_step->setRedirectUrl($this->baseUrl());
+			$form_step->addRedirectArgs(
+				array($this->formStepUrlKey() => $this->form_steps->current()->slug())
+			);
+		}
+		$form_step->generate();
+		if ($for_display) {
+			$form_step->enqueueStylesAndScripts();
+		}
+		return $form_step;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $return_as_string
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function displayProgressSteps($return_as_string = true)
+	{
+		$form_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
+		if (! $form_step->displayable()) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$progress_steps = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_libraries_form_sections_form_handlers_SequentialStepFormManager__displayProgressSteps__before_steps',
+			''
+		);
+		$progress_steps .= $this->progress_step_manager->displaySteps();
+		$progress_steps .= apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_libraries_form_sections_form_handlers_SequentialStepFormManager__displayProgressSteps__after_steps',
+			''
+		);
+		if ($return_as_string) {
+			return $progress_steps;
+		}
+		echo wp_kses($progress_steps, AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param bool $return_as_string
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function displayCurrentStepForm($return_as_string = true)
+	{
+		if ($return_as_string) {
+			return $this->getCurrentStep()->display();
+		}
+		echo wp_kses($this->getCurrentStep()->display(), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $form_data
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function processCurrentStepForm($form_data = array())
+	{
+		// grab instance of current step because after calling next() below,
+		// any calls to getCurrentStep() will return the "next" step because we advanced
+		$current_step = $this->getCurrentStep();
+		try {
+			// form processing should either throw exceptions or return true
+			$current_step->process($form_data);
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			// something went wrong, convert the Exception to an EE_Error
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			// prevent redirect to next step or other if exception was thrown
+			if (
+				$current_step->redirectTo() === SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_NEXT_STEP
+				|| $current_step->redirectTo() === SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_OTHER
+			) {
+				$current_step->setRedirectTo(SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_CURRENT_STEP);
+			}
+		}
+		// save notices to a transient so that when we redirect back
+		// to the display portion for this step
+		// those notices can be displayed
+		EE_Error::get_notices(false, true);
+		$this->redirectForm($current_step);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * handles where to go to next
+	 *
+	 * @param SequentialStepFormInterface $current_step
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidFormHandlerException
+	 */
+	public function redirectForm(SequentialStepFormInterface $current_step)
+	{
+		$redirect_step = $current_step;
+		switch ($current_step->redirectTo()) {
+			case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_OTHER:
+				// going somewhere else, so just check out now
+				wp_safe_redirect($redirect_step->redirectUrl());
+				exit();
+			case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_PREV_STEP:
+				$redirect_step = $this->form_steps->previous();
+				break;
+			case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_NEXT_STEP:
+				$this->form_steps->next();
+				if ($this->form_steps->valid()) {
+					$redirect_step = $this->form_steps->current();
+				}
+				break;
+			case SequentialStepForm::REDIRECT_TO_CURRENT_STEP:
+			default:
+				// $redirect_step is already set
+		}
+		$current_step->setRedirectUrl($this->baseUrl());
+		$current_step->addRedirectArgs(
+			// use the slug for whatever step we are redirecting too
+			array($this->formStepUrlKey() => $redirect_step->slug())
+		);
+		wp_safe_redirect($current_step->redirectUrl());
+		exit();
+	}
 }

core/libraries/messages/messenger/admin_templates/event_switcher_row.template.php

Spacing +1 added lines, -1 removed lines

@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
     <td><?php echo esc_html($mt_name); ?></td>
     <td><?php echo wp_kses($selector, AllowedTags::getWithFormTags()); ?></td>
     <td class="message-selector-action-column">
-        <?php echo wp_kses($create_button . $edit_button, AllowedTags::getWithFormTags()); ?>
+        <?php echo wp_kses($create_button.$edit_button, AllowedTags::getWithFormTags()); ?>
     </td>
 </tr>

core/db_classes/EE_Transaction.class.php

Indentation +1701 added lines, -1701 removed lines

@@ -14,1705 +14,1705 @@
 class EE_Transaction extends EE_Base_Class implements EEI_Transaction
 {
 
-    /**
-     * The length of time in seconds that a lock is applied before being considered expired.
-     * It is not long because a transaction should only be locked for the duration of the request that locked it
-     */
-    const LOCK_EXPIRATION = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * txn status upon initial construction.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_old_txn_status;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone
-     *                                        (if not set the timezone set for the website will be used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Transaction
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        $txn = $has_object
-            ? $has_object
-            : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        if (! $has_object) {
-            $txn->set_old_txn_status($txn->status_ID());
-        }
-        return $txn;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Transaction
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        $txn = new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-        $txn->set_old_txn_status($txn->status_ID());
-        return $txn;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a meta field indicating that this TXN is locked and should not be updated in the db.
-     * If a lock has already been set, then we will attempt to remove it in case it has expired.
-     * If that also fails, then an exception is thrown.
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function lock()
-    {
-        // attempt to set lock, but if that fails...
-        if (! $this->add_extra_meta('lock', time(), true)) {
-            // then attempt to remove the lock in case it is expired
-            if ($this->_remove_expired_lock()) {
-                // if removal was successful, then try setting lock again
-                $this->lock();
-            } else {
-                // but if the lock can not be removed, then throw an exception
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Could not lock Transaction %1$d because it is already locked, meaning another part of the system is currently editing it. It should already be unlocked by the time you read this, so please refresh the page and try again.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $this->ID()
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * removes transaction lock applied in EE_Transaction::lock()
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function unlock()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_extra_meta('lock');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decides whether or not now is the right time to update the transaction.
-     * This is useful because we don't always know if it is safe to update the transaction
-     * and its related data. why?
-     * because it's possible that the transaction is being used in another
-     * request and could overwrite anything we save.
-     * So we want to only update the txn once we know that won't happen.
-     * We also check that the lock isn't expired, and remove it if it is
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_locked()
-    {
-        // if TXN is not locked, then return false immediately
-        if (! $this->_get_lock()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // if not, then let's try and remove the lock in case it's expired...
-        // _remove_expired_lock() returns 0 when lock is valid (ie: removed = false)
-        // and a positive number if the lock was removed (ie: number of locks deleted),
-        // so we need to return the opposite
-        return ! $this->_remove_expired_lock() ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the meta field indicating that this TXN is locked
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_lock()
-    {
-        return (int) $this->get_extra_meta('lock', true, 0);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the lock on this transaction is expired, then we want to remove it so that the transaction can be updated
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _remove_expired_lock()
-    {
-        $locked = $this->_get_lock();
-        if ($locked && time() - EE_Transaction::LOCK_EXPIRATION > $locked) {
-            return $this->unlock();
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set transaction total
-     *
-     * @param float $total total value of transaction
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_total($total = 0.00)
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_total', (float) $total);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Total Amount Paid to Date
-     *
-     * @param float $total_paid total amount paid to date (sum of all payments)
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_paid($total_paid = 0.00)
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_paid', (float) $total_paid);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set transaction status
-     *
-     * @param string $status        whether the transaction is open, declined, accepted,
-     *                              or any number of custom values that can be set
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_status($status = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_ID', $status);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set hash salt
-     *
-     * @param string $hash_salt required for some payment gateways
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_hash_salt($hash_salt = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_hash_salt', $hash_salt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets TXN_reg_steps array
-     *
-     * @param array $txn_reg_steps
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_reg_steps(array $txn_reg_steps)
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_reg_steps', $txn_reg_steps);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets TXN_reg_steps
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function reg_steps()
-    {
-        $TXN_reg_steps = $this->get('TXN_reg_steps');
-        return is_array($TXN_reg_steps) ? (array) $TXN_reg_steps : array();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string of transaction's total cost, with currency symbol and decimal
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_total()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('TXN_total');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the amount paid in a pretty string (formatted and with currency symbol)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_paid()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('TXN_paid');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * calculate the amount remaining for this transaction and return;
-     *
-     * @return float amount remaining
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remaining()
-    {
-        return $this->total() - $this->paid();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Transaction Total
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function total()
-    {
-        return (float) $this->get('TXN_total');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Total Amount Paid to Date
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function paid()
-    {
-        return (float) $this->get('TXN_paid');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_cart_session()
-    {
-        $session_data = (array) $this->get('TXN_session_data');
-        return isset($session_data['cart']) && $session_data['cart'] instanceof EE_Cart
-            ? $session_data['cart']
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Transaction session data
-     *
-     * @return array|mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function session_data()
-    {
-        $session_data = $this->get('TXN_session_data');
-        if (empty($session_data)) {
-            $session_data = array(
-                'id'            => null,
-                'user_id'       => null,
-                'ip_address'    => null,
-                'user_agent'    => null,
-                'init_access'   => null,
-                'last_access'   => null,
-                'pages_visited' => array(),
-            );
-        }
-        return $session_data;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set session data within the TXN object
-     *
-     * @param EE_Session|array $session_data
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_txn_session_data($session_data)
-    {
-        if ($session_data instanceof EE_Session) {
-            $this->set('TXN_session_data', $session_data->get_session_data(null, true));
-        } else {
-            $this->set('TXN_session_data', $session_data);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Transaction hash salt
-     *
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function hash_salt_()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TXN_hash_salt');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the transaction datetime as either:
-     *            - unix timestamp format ($format = false, $gmt = true)
-     *            - formatted date string including the UTC (timezone) offset ($format = true ($gmt
-     *              has no affect with this option)), this also may include a timezone abbreviation if the
-     *              set timezone in this class differs from what the timezone is on the blog.
-     *            - formatted date string including the UTC (timezone) offset (default).
-     *
-     * @param boolean $format   - whether to return a unix timestamp (default) or formatted date string
-     * @param boolean $gmt      - whether to return a unix timestamp with UTC offset applied (default)
-     *                          or no UTC offset applied
-     * @return string | int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetime($format = false, $gmt = false)
-    {
-        if ($format) {
-            return $this->get_pretty('TXN_timestamp');
-        }
-        if ($gmt) {
-            return $this->get_raw('TXN_timestamp');
-        }
-        return $this->get('TXN_timestamp');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets registrations on this transaction
-     *
-     * @param array   $query_params array of query parameters
-     * @param boolean $get_cached   TRUE to retrieve cached registrations or FALSE to pull from the db
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Registration[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registrations($query_params = array(), $get_cached = false)
-    {
-        $query_params = (empty($query_params) || ! is_array($query_params))
-            ? array(
-                'order_by' => array(
-                    'Event.EVT_name'     => 'ASC',
-                    'Attendee.ATT_lname' => 'ASC',
-                    'Attendee.ATT_fname' => 'ASC',
-                ),
-            )
-            : $query_params;
-        $query_params = $get_cached ? array() : $query_params;
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the attendees for this transaction (handy for use with EE_Attendee's get_registrations_for_event
-     * function for getting attendees and how many registrations they each have for an event)
-     *
-     * @return mixed EE_Attendee[] by default, int if $output is set to 'COUNT'
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function attendees()
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Attendee', array(array('Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID' => $this->ID())));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets payments for this transaction. Unlike other such functions, order by 'DESC' by default
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Payment[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payments($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Payment', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * gets only approved payments for this transaction
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Payment[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function approved_payments()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Payment');
-        return $this->get_many_related(
-            'Payment',
-            array(
-                array('STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_approved),
-                'order_by' => array('PAY_timestamp' => 'DESC'),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all payments which have not been approved
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EEI_Payment[]
-     * @throws EE_Error if a model is misconfigured somehow
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pending_payments()
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related(
-            'Payment',
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_pending,
-                ),
-                'order_by' => array(
-                    'PAY_timestamp' => 'DESC',
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes $this->pretty_status()
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->pretty_status($show_icons), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        $status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
-            array($this->status_ID() => esc_html__('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
-            false,
-            'sentence'
-        );
-        $icon = '';
-        switch ($this->status_ID()) {
-            case EEM_Transaction::complete_status_code:
-                $icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>' : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code:
-                $icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-marker ee-icon-size-16 lt-blue-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code:
-                $icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-marker ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>' : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code:
-                $icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>' : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Transaction::overpaid_status_code:
-                $icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-plus ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>' : '';
-                break;
-        }
-        return $icon . $status[ $this->status_ID() ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Transaction Status
-     *
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function status_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns TRUE or FALSE for whether or not this transaction cost any money
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_free()
-    {
-        return EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->get('TXN_total'), 0, '==');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this transaction is complete
-     * Useful in templates and other logic for deciding if we should ask for another payment...
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_completed()
-    {
-        return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::complete_status_code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this transaction is incomplete
-     * Useful in templates and other logic for deciding if we should ask for another payment...
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_incomplete()
-    {
-        return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this transaction is overpaid
-     * Useful in templates and other logic for deciding if monies need to be refunded
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_overpaid()
-    {
-        return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::overpaid_status_code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this transaction was abandoned
-     * meaning that the transaction/registration process was somehow interrupted and never completed
-     * but that contact information exists for at least one registrant
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_abandoned()
-    {
-        return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this transaction failed
-     * meaning that the transaction/registration process was somehow interrupted and never completed
-     * and that NO contact information exists for any registrants
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function failed()
-    {
-        return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the url for the invoice of this transaction
-     *
-     * @param string $type 'html' or 'pdf' (default is pdf)
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function invoice_url($type = 'html')
-    {
-        $REG = $this->primary_registration();
-        if (! $REG instanceof EE_Registration) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $REG->invoice_url($type);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the primary registration only
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Registration
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function primary_registration()
-    {
-        $registrations = (array) $this->get_many_related(
-            'Registration',
-            array(array('REG_count' => EEM_Registration::PRIMARY_REGISTRANT_COUNT))
-        );
-        foreach ($registrations as $registration) {
-            // valid registration that is NOT cancelled or declined ?
-            if (
-                $registration instanceof EE_Registration
-                && ! in_array($registration->status_ID(), EEM_Registration::closed_reg_statuses(), true)
-            ) {
-                return $registration;
-            }
-        }
-        // nothing valid found, so just return first thing from array of results
-        return reset($registrations);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the URL for viewing the receipt
-     *
-     * @param string $type 'pdf' or 'html' (default is 'html')
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function receipt_url($type = 'html')
-    {
-        $REG = $this->primary_registration();
-        if (! $REG instanceof EE_Registration) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $REG->receipt_url($type);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the URL of the thank you page with this registration REG_url_link added as
-     * a query parameter
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payment_overview_url()
-    {
-        $primary_registration = $this->primary_registration();
-        return $primary_registration instanceof EE_Registration ? $primary_registration->payment_overview_url() : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function gateway_response_on_transaction()
-    {
-        $payment = $this->get_first_related('Payment');
-        return $payment instanceof EE_Payment ? $payment->gateway_response() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the status object of this object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Status
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function status_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Status');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Extra_Meta
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for _add_relation_to
-     *
-     * @param EE_Registration $registration
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was added to
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_registration(EE_Registration $registration)
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($registration, 'Registration');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the given registration from being related (even before saving this transaction).
-     * If an ID/index is provided and this transaction isn't saved yet, removes it from list of cached relations
-     *
-     * @param int $registration_or_id
-     * @return EE_Base_Class that was removed from being related
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remove_registration_with_id($registration_or_id)
-    {
-        return $this->_remove_relation_to($registration_or_id, 'Registration');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the line items which are for ACTUAL items
-     *
-     * @return EE_Line_Item[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function items_purchased()
-    {
-        return $this->line_items(array(array('LIN_type' => EEM_Line_Item::type_line_item)));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for _add_relation_to
-     *
-     * @param EE_Line_Item $line_item
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was added to
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_line_item(EE_Line_Item $line_item)
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($line_item, 'Line_Item');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ALL the line items related to this transaction (unstructured)
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Line_Item[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function line_items($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Line_Item', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the line items which are taxes on the total
-     *
-     * @return EE_Line_Item[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tax_items()
-    {
-        return $this->line_items(array(array('LIN_type' => EEM_Line_Item::type_tax)));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the total line item (which is a parent of all other related line items,
-     * meaning it takes them all into account on its total)
-     *
-     * @param bool $create_if_not_found
-     * @return \EE_Line_Item
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function total_line_item($create_if_not_found = true)
-    {
-        $item = $this->get_first_related('Line_Item', array(array('LIN_type' => EEM_Line_Item::type_total)));
-        if (! $item && $create_if_not_found) {
-            $item = EEH_Line_Item::create_total_line_item($this);
-        }
-        return $item;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the total amount of tax on this transaction
-     * (assumes there's only one tax subtotal line item)
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tax_total()
-    {
-        $tax_line_item = $this->tax_total_line_item();
-        if ($tax_line_item) {
-            return (float) $tax_line_item->total();
-        }
-        return (float) 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the tax subtotal line item (assumes there's only one)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Line_Item
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tax_total_line_item()
-    {
-        return EEH_Line_Item::get_taxes_subtotal($this->total_line_item());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the array of billing info for the gateway and for this transaction's primary registration's attendee.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function billing_info()
-    {
-        $payment_method = $this->payment_method();
-        if (! $payment_method) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Could not find billing info for transaction because no gateway has been used for it yet',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return null;
-        }
-        $primary_reg = $this->primary_registration();
-        if (! $primary_reg) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Cannot get billing info for gateway %s on transaction because no primary registration exists',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return null;
-        }
-        $attendee = $primary_reg->attendee();
-        if (! $attendee) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'Cannot get billing info for gateway %s on transaction because the primary registration has no attendee exists',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return null;
-        }
-        return $attendee->billing_info_for_payment_method($payment_method);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets PMD_ID
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payment_method_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PMD_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets PMD_ID
-     *
-     * @param int $PMD_ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_payment_method_ID($PMD_ID)
-    {
-        $this->set('PMD_ID', $PMD_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
-     * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
-     * offline ones, dont' create payments)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function payment_method()
-    {
-        $pm = $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
-        if ($pm instanceof EE_Payment_Method) {
-            return $pm;
-        }
-        $last_payment = $this->last_payment();
-        if ($last_payment instanceof EE_Payment && $last_payment->payment_method()) {
-            return $last_payment->payment_method();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the last payment made
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Payment
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function last_payment()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Payment', array('order_by' => array('PAY_ID' => 'desc')));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the line items which are unrelated to tickets on this transaction
-     *
-     * @return EE_Line_Item[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function non_ticket_line_items()
-    {
-        return EEM_Line_Item::instance()->get_all_non_ticket_line_items_for_transaction($this->ID());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * possibly toggles TXN status
-     *
-     * @param  boolean $update whether to save the TXN
-     * @return bool whether the TXN was saved
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     */
-    public function update_status_based_on_total_paid($update = true)
-    {
-        // set transaction status based on comparison of TXN_paid vs TXN_total
-        if (EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->paid(), $this->total(), '>')) {
-            $new_txn_status = EEM_Transaction::overpaid_status_code;
-        } elseif (EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->paid(), $this->total())) {
-            $new_txn_status = EEM_Transaction::complete_status_code;
-        } elseif (EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->paid(), $this->total(), '<')) {
-            $new_txn_status = EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code;
-        } else {
-            throw new RuntimeException(
-                esc_html__('The total paid calculation for this transaction is inaccurate.', 'event_espresso')
-            );
-        }
-        if ($new_txn_status !== $this->status_ID()) {
-            $this->set_status($new_txn_status);
-            if ($update) {
-                return $this->save() ? true : false;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the transaction's status and total_paid based on all the payments
-     * that apply to it
-     *
-     * @deprecated
-     * @return array|bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function update_based_on_payments()
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __CLASS__ . '::' . __FUNCTION__,
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__('This method is deprecated. Please use "%s" instead', 'event_espresso'),
-                'EE_Transaction_Processor::update_transaction_and_registrations_after_checkout_or_payment()'
-            ),
-            '4.6.0'
-        );
-        /** @type EE_Transaction_Processor $transaction_processor */
-        $transaction_processor = EE_Registry::instance()->load_class('Transaction_Processor');
-        return $transaction_processor->update_transaction_and_registrations_after_checkout_or_payment($this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function old_txn_status()
-    {
-        return $this->_old_txn_status;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $old_txn_status
-     */
-    public function set_old_txn_status($old_txn_status)
-    {
-        // only set the first time
-        if ($this->_old_txn_status === null) {
-            $this->_old_txn_status = $old_txn_status;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * reg_status_updated
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function txn_status_updated()
-    {
-        return $this->status_ID() !== $this->_old_txn_status && $this->_old_txn_status !== null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _reg_steps_completed
-     * if $check_all is TRUE, then returns TRUE if ALL reg steps have been marked as completed,
-     * if a $reg_step_slug is provided, then this step will be skipped when testing for completion
-     * if $check_all is FALSE and a $reg_step_slug is provided, then ONLY that reg step will be tested for completion
-     *
-     * @param string $reg_step_slug
-     * @param bool   $check_all
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _reg_steps_completed($reg_step_slug = '', $check_all = true)
-    {
-        $reg_steps = $this->reg_steps();
-        if (! is_array($reg_steps) || empty($reg_steps)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // loop thru reg steps array)
-        foreach ($reg_steps as $slug => $reg_step_completed) {
-            // if NOT checking ALL steps (only checking one step)
-            if (! $check_all) {
-                // and this is the one
-                if ($slug === $reg_step_slug) {
-                    return $reg_step_completed;
-                }
-                // skip to next reg step in loop
-                continue;
-            }
-            // $check_all must be true, else we would never have gotten to this point
-            if ($slug === $reg_step_slug) {
-                // if we reach this point, then we are testing either:
-                // all_reg_steps_completed_except() or
-                // all_reg_steps_completed_except_final_step(),
-                // and since this is the reg step EXCEPTION being tested
-                // we want to return true (yes true) if this reg step is NOT completed
-                // ie: "is everything completed except the final step?"
-                // "that is correct... the final step is not completed, but all others are."
-                return $reg_step_completed !== true;
-            }
-            if ($reg_step_completed !== true) {
-                // if any reg step is NOT completed, then ALL steps are not completed
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * all_reg_steps_completed
-     * returns:
-     *    true if ALL reg steps have been marked as completed
-     *        or false if any step is not completed
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function all_reg_steps_completed()
-    {
-        return $this->_reg_steps_completed();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * all_reg_steps_completed_except
-     * returns:
-     *        true if ALL reg steps, except a particular step that you wish to skip over, have been marked as completed
-     *        or false if any other step is not completed
-     *        or false if ALL steps are completed including the exception you are testing !!!
-     *
-     * @param string $exception
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function all_reg_steps_completed_except($exception = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_reg_steps_completed($exception);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * all_reg_steps_completed_except
-     * returns:
-     *        true if ALL reg steps, except the final step, have been marked as completed
-     *        or false if any step is not completed
-     *    or false if ALL steps are completed including the final step !!!
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function all_reg_steps_completed_except_final_step()
-    {
-        return $this->_reg_steps_completed('finalize_registration');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * reg_step_completed
-     * returns:
-     *    true if a specific reg step has been marked as completed
-     *    a Unix timestamp if it has been initialized but not yet completed,
-     *    or false if it has not yet been initialized
-     *
-     * @param string $reg_step_slug
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function reg_step_completed($reg_step_slug)
-    {
-        return $this->_reg_steps_completed($reg_step_slug, false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * completed_final_reg_step
-     * returns:
-     *    true if the finalize_registration reg step has been marked as completed
-     *    a Unix timestamp if it has been initialized but not yet completed,
-     *    or false if it has not yet been initialized
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function final_reg_step_completed()
-    {
-        return $this->_reg_steps_completed('finalize_registration', false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set_reg_step_initiated
-     * given a valid TXN_reg_step, this sets it's value to a unix timestamp
-     *
-     * @param string $reg_step_slug
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_reg_step_initiated($reg_step_slug)
-    {
-        return $this->_set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set_reg_step_completed
-     * given a valid TXN_reg_step, this sets the step as completed
-     *
-     * @param string $reg_step_slug
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_reg_step_completed($reg_step_slug)
-    {
-        return $this->_set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set_reg_step_completed
-     * given a valid TXN_reg_step slug, this sets the step as NOT completed
-     *
-     * @param string $reg_step_slug
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_reg_step_not_completed($reg_step_slug)
-    {
-        return $this->_set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, false);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set_reg_step_completed
-     * given a valid reg step slug, this sets the TXN_reg_step completed status which is either:
-     *
-     * @param  string      $reg_step_slug
-     * @param  boolean|int $status
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, $status)
-    {
-        // validate status
-        $status = is_bool($status) || is_int($status) ? $status : false;
-        // get reg steps array
-        $txn_reg_steps = $this->reg_steps();
-        // if reg step does NOT exist
-        if (! isset($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ])) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // if  we're trying to complete a step that is already completed
-        if ($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] === true) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        // if  we're trying to complete a step that hasn't even started
-        if ($status === true && $txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] === false) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // if current status value matches the incoming value (no change)
-        // type casting as int means values should collapse to either 0, 1, or a timestamp like 1234567890
-        if ((int) $txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] === (int) $status) {
-            // this will happen in cases where multiple AJAX requests occur during the same step
-            return true;
-        }
-        // if we're trying to set a start time, but it has already been set...
-        if (is_numeric($status) && is_numeric($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ])) {
-            // skip the update below, but don't return FALSE so that errors won't be displayed
-            return true;
-        }
-        // update completed status
-        $txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] = $status;
-        $this->set_reg_steps($txn_reg_steps);
-        $this->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * remove_reg_step
-     * given a valid TXN_reg_step slug, this will remove (unset)
-     * the reg step from the TXN reg step array
-     *
-     * @param string $reg_step_slug
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remove_reg_step($reg_step_slug)
-    {
-        // get reg steps array
-        $txn_reg_steps = $this->reg_steps();
-        unset($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ]);
-        $this->set_reg_steps($txn_reg_steps);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * toggle_failed_transaction_status
-     * upgrades a TXNs status from failed to abandoned,
-     * meaning that contact information has been captured for at least one registrant
-     *
-     * @param bool $save
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function toggle_failed_transaction_status($save = true)
-    {
-        // if TXN status is still set as "failed"...
-        if ($this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code) {
-            $this->set_status(EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code);
-            if ($save) {
-                $this->save();
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * toggle_abandoned_transaction_status
-     * upgrades a TXNs status from failed or abandoned to incomplete
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function toggle_abandoned_transaction_status()
-    {
-        // if TXN status has not been updated already due to a payment, and is still set as "failed" or "abandoned"...
-        $txn_status = $this->status_ID();
-        if (
-            $txn_status === EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code
-            || $txn_status === EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code
-        ) {
-            // if a contact record for the primary registrant has been created
-            if (
-                $this->primary_registration() instanceof EE_Registration
-                && $this->primary_registration()->attendee() instanceof EE_Attendee
-            ) {
-                $this->set_status(EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code);
-            } else {
-                // no contact record? yer abandoned!
-                $this->set_status(EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code);
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * checks if an Abandoned TXN has any related payments, and if so,
-     * updates the TXN status based on the amount paid
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function verify_abandoned_transaction_status()
-    {
-        if ($this->status_ID() !== EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $payments = $this->get_many_related('Payment');
-        if (! empty($payments)) {
-            foreach ($payments as $payment) {
-                if ($payment instanceof EE_Payment) {
-                    // kk this TXN should NOT be abandoned
-                    $this->update_status_based_on_total_paid();
-                    if (! (defined('DOING_AJAX') && DOING_AJAX) && is_admin()) {
-                        EE_Error::add_attention(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'The status for Transaction #%1$d has been updated from "Abandoned" to "%2$s", because at least one payment has been made towards it. If the payment appears in the "Payment Details" table below, you may need to edit its status and/or other details as well.',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                $this->ID(),
-                                $this->pretty_status()
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    // get final reg step status
-                    $finalized = $this->final_reg_step_completed();
-                    // if the 'finalize_registration' step has been initiated (has a timestamp)
-                    // but has not yet been fully completed (TRUE)
-                    if (is_int($finalized) && $finalized !== false && $finalized !== true) {
-                        $this->set_reg_step_completed('finalize_registration');
-                        $this->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @since 4.10.4.p
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     */
-    public function recalculateLineItems()
-    {
-        $total_line_item = $this->total_line_item(false);
-        if ($total_line_item instanceof EE_Line_Item) {
-            EEH_Line_Item::resetIsTaxableForTickets($total_line_item);
-            return EEH_Line_Item::apply_taxes($total_line_item, true);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * The length of time in seconds that a lock is applied before being considered expired.
+	 * It is not long because a transaction should only be locked for the duration of the request that locked it
+	 */
+	const LOCK_EXPIRATION = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * txn status upon initial construction.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_old_txn_status;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone
+	 *                                        (if not set the timezone set for the website will be used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Transaction
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		$txn = $has_object
+			? $has_object
+			: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		if (! $has_object) {
+			$txn->set_old_txn_status($txn->status_ID());
+		}
+		return $txn;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Transaction
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		$txn = new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+		$txn->set_old_txn_status($txn->status_ID());
+		return $txn;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets a meta field indicating that this TXN is locked and should not be updated in the db.
+	 * If a lock has already been set, then we will attempt to remove it in case it has expired.
+	 * If that also fails, then an exception is thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function lock()
+	{
+		// attempt to set lock, but if that fails...
+		if (! $this->add_extra_meta('lock', time(), true)) {
+			// then attempt to remove the lock in case it is expired
+			if ($this->_remove_expired_lock()) {
+				// if removal was successful, then try setting lock again
+				$this->lock();
+			} else {
+				// but if the lock can not be removed, then throw an exception
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Could not lock Transaction %1$d because it is already locked, meaning another part of the system is currently editing it. It should already be unlocked by the time you read this, so please refresh the page and try again.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$this->ID()
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * removes transaction lock applied in EE_Transaction::lock()
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function unlock()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_extra_meta('lock');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decides whether or not now is the right time to update the transaction.
+	 * This is useful because we don't always know if it is safe to update the transaction
+	 * and its related data. why?
+	 * because it's possible that the transaction is being used in another
+	 * request and could overwrite anything we save.
+	 * So we want to only update the txn once we know that won't happen.
+	 * We also check that the lock isn't expired, and remove it if it is
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_locked()
+	{
+		// if TXN is not locked, then return false immediately
+		if (! $this->_get_lock()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// if not, then let's try and remove the lock in case it's expired...
+		// _remove_expired_lock() returns 0 when lock is valid (ie: removed = false)
+		// and a positive number if the lock was removed (ie: number of locks deleted),
+		// so we need to return the opposite
+		return ! $this->_remove_expired_lock() ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the meta field indicating that this TXN is locked
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_lock()
+	{
+		return (int) $this->get_extra_meta('lock', true, 0);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the lock on this transaction is expired, then we want to remove it so that the transaction can be updated
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _remove_expired_lock()
+	{
+		$locked = $this->_get_lock();
+		if ($locked && time() - EE_Transaction::LOCK_EXPIRATION > $locked) {
+			return $this->unlock();
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set transaction total
+	 *
+	 * @param float $total total value of transaction
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_total($total = 0.00)
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_total', (float) $total);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Total Amount Paid to Date
+	 *
+	 * @param float $total_paid total amount paid to date (sum of all payments)
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_paid($total_paid = 0.00)
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_paid', (float) $total_paid);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set transaction status
+	 *
+	 * @param string $status        whether the transaction is open, declined, accepted,
+	 *                              or any number of custom values that can be set
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_status($status = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_ID', $status);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set hash salt
+	 *
+	 * @param string $hash_salt required for some payment gateways
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_hash_salt($hash_salt = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_hash_salt', $hash_salt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets TXN_reg_steps array
+	 *
+	 * @param array $txn_reg_steps
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_reg_steps(array $txn_reg_steps)
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_reg_steps', $txn_reg_steps);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets TXN_reg_steps
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function reg_steps()
+	{
+		$TXN_reg_steps = $this->get('TXN_reg_steps');
+		return is_array($TXN_reg_steps) ? (array) $TXN_reg_steps : array();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string of transaction's total cost, with currency symbol and decimal
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_total()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('TXN_total');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the amount paid in a pretty string (formatted and with currency symbol)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_paid()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('TXN_paid');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * calculate the amount remaining for this transaction and return;
+	 *
+	 * @return float amount remaining
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remaining()
+	{
+		return $this->total() - $this->paid();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Transaction Total
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function total()
+	{
+		return (float) $this->get('TXN_total');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Total Amount Paid to Date
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function paid()
+	{
+		return (float) $this->get('TXN_paid');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_cart_session()
+	{
+		$session_data = (array) $this->get('TXN_session_data');
+		return isset($session_data['cart']) && $session_data['cart'] instanceof EE_Cart
+			? $session_data['cart']
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Transaction session data
+	 *
+	 * @return array|mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function session_data()
+	{
+		$session_data = $this->get('TXN_session_data');
+		if (empty($session_data)) {
+			$session_data = array(
+				'id'            => null,
+				'user_id'       => null,
+				'ip_address'    => null,
+				'user_agent'    => null,
+				'init_access'   => null,
+				'last_access'   => null,
+				'pages_visited' => array(),
+			);
+		}
+		return $session_data;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set session data within the TXN object
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Session|array $session_data
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_txn_session_data($session_data)
+	{
+		if ($session_data instanceof EE_Session) {
+			$this->set('TXN_session_data', $session_data->get_session_data(null, true));
+		} else {
+			$this->set('TXN_session_data', $session_data);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Transaction hash salt
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function hash_salt_()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TXN_hash_salt');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the transaction datetime as either:
+	 *            - unix timestamp format ($format = false, $gmt = true)
+	 *            - formatted date string including the UTC (timezone) offset ($format = true ($gmt
+	 *              has no affect with this option)), this also may include a timezone abbreviation if the
+	 *              set timezone in this class differs from what the timezone is on the blog.
+	 *            - formatted date string including the UTC (timezone) offset (default).
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $format   - whether to return a unix timestamp (default) or formatted date string
+	 * @param boolean $gmt      - whether to return a unix timestamp with UTC offset applied (default)
+	 *                          or no UTC offset applied
+	 * @return string | int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetime($format = false, $gmt = false)
+	{
+		if ($format) {
+			return $this->get_pretty('TXN_timestamp');
+		}
+		if ($gmt) {
+			return $this->get_raw('TXN_timestamp');
+		}
+		return $this->get('TXN_timestamp');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets registrations on this transaction
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $query_params array of query parameters
+	 * @param boolean $get_cached   TRUE to retrieve cached registrations or FALSE to pull from the db
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Registration[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registrations($query_params = array(), $get_cached = false)
+	{
+		$query_params = (empty($query_params) || ! is_array($query_params))
+			? array(
+				'order_by' => array(
+					'Event.EVT_name'     => 'ASC',
+					'Attendee.ATT_lname' => 'ASC',
+					'Attendee.ATT_fname' => 'ASC',
+				),
+			)
+			: $query_params;
+		$query_params = $get_cached ? array() : $query_params;
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the attendees for this transaction (handy for use with EE_Attendee's get_registrations_for_event
+	 * function for getting attendees and how many registrations they each have for an event)
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed EE_Attendee[] by default, int if $output is set to 'COUNT'
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function attendees()
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Attendee', array(array('Registration.Transaction.TXN_ID' => $this->ID())));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets payments for this transaction. Unlike other such functions, order by 'DESC' by default
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Payment[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payments($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Payment', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * gets only approved payments for this transaction
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Payment[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function approved_payments()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Payment');
+		return $this->get_many_related(
+			'Payment',
+			array(
+				array('STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_approved),
+				'order_by' => array('PAY_timestamp' => 'DESC'),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all payments which have not been approved
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EEI_Payment[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error if a model is misconfigured somehow
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pending_payments()
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related(
+			'Payment',
+			array(
+				array(
+					'STS_ID' => EEM_Payment::status_id_pending,
+				),
+				'order_by' => array(
+					'PAY_timestamp' => 'DESC',
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes $this->pretty_status()
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->pretty_status($show_icons), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		$status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
+			array($this->status_ID() => esc_html__('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
+			false,
+			'sentence'
+		);
+		$icon = '';
+		switch ($this->status_ID()) {
+			case EEM_Transaction::complete_status_code:
+				$icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>' : '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code:
+				$icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-marker ee-icon-size-16 lt-blue-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code:
+				$icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-marker ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>' : '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code:
+				$icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>' : '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Transaction::overpaid_status_code:
+				$icon = $show_icons ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-plus ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>' : '';
+				break;
+		}
+		return $icon . $status[ $this->status_ID() ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Transaction Status
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function status_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns TRUE or FALSE for whether or not this transaction cost any money
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_free()
+	{
+		return EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->get('TXN_total'), 0, '==');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether this transaction is complete
+	 * Useful in templates and other logic for deciding if we should ask for another payment...
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_completed()
+	{
+		return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::complete_status_code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether this transaction is incomplete
+	 * Useful in templates and other logic for deciding if we should ask for another payment...
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_incomplete()
+	{
+		return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether this transaction is overpaid
+	 * Useful in templates and other logic for deciding if monies need to be refunded
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_overpaid()
+	{
+		return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::overpaid_status_code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether this transaction was abandoned
+	 * meaning that the transaction/registration process was somehow interrupted and never completed
+	 * but that contact information exists for at least one registrant
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_abandoned()
+	{
+		return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether this transaction failed
+	 * meaning that the transaction/registration process was somehow interrupted and never completed
+	 * and that NO contact information exists for any registrants
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function failed()
+	{
+		return $this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the url for the invoice of this transaction
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type 'html' or 'pdf' (default is pdf)
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function invoice_url($type = 'html')
+	{
+		$REG = $this->primary_registration();
+		if (! $REG instanceof EE_Registration) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $REG->invoice_url($type);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the primary registration only
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Registration
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function primary_registration()
+	{
+		$registrations = (array) $this->get_many_related(
+			'Registration',
+			array(array('REG_count' => EEM_Registration::PRIMARY_REGISTRANT_COUNT))
+		);
+		foreach ($registrations as $registration) {
+			// valid registration that is NOT cancelled or declined ?
+			if (
+				$registration instanceof EE_Registration
+				&& ! in_array($registration->status_ID(), EEM_Registration::closed_reg_statuses(), true)
+			) {
+				return $registration;
+			}
+		}
+		// nothing valid found, so just return first thing from array of results
+		return reset($registrations);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the URL for viewing the receipt
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type 'pdf' or 'html' (default is 'html')
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function receipt_url($type = 'html')
+	{
+		$REG = $this->primary_registration();
+		if (! $REG instanceof EE_Registration) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $REG->receipt_url($type);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the URL of the thank you page with this registration REG_url_link added as
+	 * a query parameter
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payment_overview_url()
+	{
+		$primary_registration = $this->primary_registration();
+		return $primary_registration instanceof EE_Registration ? $primary_registration->payment_overview_url() : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function gateway_response_on_transaction()
+	{
+		$payment = $this->get_first_related('Payment');
+		return $payment instanceof EE_Payment ? $payment->gateway_response() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the status object of this object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Status
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function status_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Status');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Extra_Meta
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper for _add_relation_to
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Registration $registration
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was added to
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_registration(EE_Registration $registration)
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($registration, 'Registration');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes the given registration from being related (even before saving this transaction).
+	 * If an ID/index is provided and this transaction isn't saved yet, removes it from list of cached relations
+	 *
+	 * @param int $registration_or_id
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class that was removed from being related
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remove_registration_with_id($registration_or_id)
+	{
+		return $this->_remove_relation_to($registration_or_id, 'Registration');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the line items which are for ACTUAL items
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Line_Item[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function items_purchased()
+	{
+		return $this->line_items(array(array('LIN_type' => EEM_Line_Item::type_line_item)));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper for _add_relation_to
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Line_Item $line_item
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was added to
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_line_item(EE_Line_Item $line_item)
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($line_item, 'Line_Item');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ALL the line items related to this transaction (unstructured)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Line_Item[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function line_items($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Line_Item', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the line items which are taxes on the total
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Line_Item[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tax_items()
+	{
+		return $this->line_items(array(array('LIN_type' => EEM_Line_Item::type_tax)));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the total line item (which is a parent of all other related line items,
+	 * meaning it takes them all into account on its total)
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $create_if_not_found
+	 * @return \EE_Line_Item
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function total_line_item($create_if_not_found = true)
+	{
+		$item = $this->get_first_related('Line_Item', array(array('LIN_type' => EEM_Line_Item::type_total)));
+		if (! $item && $create_if_not_found) {
+			$item = EEH_Line_Item::create_total_line_item($this);
+		}
+		return $item;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the total amount of tax on this transaction
+	 * (assumes there's only one tax subtotal line item)
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tax_total()
+	{
+		$tax_line_item = $this->tax_total_line_item();
+		if ($tax_line_item) {
+			return (float) $tax_line_item->total();
+		}
+		return (float) 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the tax subtotal line item (assumes there's only one)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Line_Item
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tax_total_line_item()
+	{
+		return EEH_Line_Item::get_taxes_subtotal($this->total_line_item());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the array of billing info for the gateway and for this transaction's primary registration's attendee.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function billing_info()
+	{
+		$payment_method = $this->payment_method();
+		if (! $payment_method) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Could not find billing info for transaction because no gateway has been used for it yet',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+		$primary_reg = $this->primary_registration();
+		if (! $primary_reg) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Cannot get billing info for gateway %s on transaction because no primary registration exists',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+		$attendee = $primary_reg->attendee();
+		if (! $attendee) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				esc_html__(
+					'Cannot get billing info for gateway %s on transaction because the primary registration has no attendee exists',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return null;
+		}
+		return $attendee->billing_info_for_payment_method($payment_method);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets PMD_ID
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payment_method_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PMD_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets PMD_ID
+	 *
+	 * @param int $PMD_ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_payment_method_ID($PMD_ID)
+	{
+		$this->set('PMD_ID', $PMD_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
+	 * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
+	 * offline ones, dont' create payments)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function payment_method()
+	{
+		$pm = $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
+		if ($pm instanceof EE_Payment_Method) {
+			return $pm;
+		}
+		$last_payment = $this->last_payment();
+		if ($last_payment instanceof EE_Payment && $last_payment->payment_method()) {
+			return $last_payment->payment_method();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the last payment made
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Payment
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function last_payment()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Payment', array('order_by' => array('PAY_ID' => 'desc')));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the line items which are unrelated to tickets on this transaction
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Line_Item[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function non_ticket_line_items()
+	{
+		return EEM_Line_Item::instance()->get_all_non_ticket_line_items_for_transaction($this->ID());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * possibly toggles TXN status
+	 *
+	 * @param  boolean $update whether to save the TXN
+	 * @return bool whether the TXN was saved
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws RuntimeException
+	 */
+	public function update_status_based_on_total_paid($update = true)
+	{
+		// set transaction status based on comparison of TXN_paid vs TXN_total
+		if (EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->paid(), $this->total(), '>')) {
+			$new_txn_status = EEM_Transaction::overpaid_status_code;
+		} elseif (EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->paid(), $this->total())) {
+			$new_txn_status = EEM_Transaction::complete_status_code;
+		} elseif (EEH_Money::compare_floats($this->paid(), $this->total(), '<')) {
+			$new_txn_status = EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code;
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException(
+				esc_html__('The total paid calculation for this transaction is inaccurate.', 'event_espresso')
+			);
+		}
+		if ($new_txn_status !== $this->status_ID()) {
+			$this->set_status($new_txn_status);
+			if ($update) {
+				return $this->save() ? true : false;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the transaction's status and total_paid based on all the payments
+	 * that apply to it
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated
+	 * @return array|bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function update_based_on_payments()
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__CLASS__ . '::' . __FUNCTION__,
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__('This method is deprecated. Please use "%s" instead', 'event_espresso'),
+				'EE_Transaction_Processor::update_transaction_and_registrations_after_checkout_or_payment()'
+			),
+			'4.6.0'
+		);
+		/** @type EE_Transaction_Processor $transaction_processor */
+		$transaction_processor = EE_Registry::instance()->load_class('Transaction_Processor');
+		return $transaction_processor->update_transaction_and_registrations_after_checkout_or_payment($this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function old_txn_status()
+	{
+		return $this->_old_txn_status;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $old_txn_status
+	 */
+	public function set_old_txn_status($old_txn_status)
+	{
+		// only set the first time
+		if ($this->_old_txn_status === null) {
+			$this->_old_txn_status = $old_txn_status;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * reg_status_updated
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function txn_status_updated()
+	{
+		return $this->status_ID() !== $this->_old_txn_status && $this->_old_txn_status !== null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _reg_steps_completed
+	 * if $check_all is TRUE, then returns TRUE if ALL reg steps have been marked as completed,
+	 * if a $reg_step_slug is provided, then this step will be skipped when testing for completion
+	 * if $check_all is FALSE and a $reg_step_slug is provided, then ONLY that reg step will be tested for completion
+	 *
+	 * @param string $reg_step_slug
+	 * @param bool   $check_all
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _reg_steps_completed($reg_step_slug = '', $check_all = true)
+	{
+		$reg_steps = $this->reg_steps();
+		if (! is_array($reg_steps) || empty($reg_steps)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// loop thru reg steps array)
+		foreach ($reg_steps as $slug => $reg_step_completed) {
+			// if NOT checking ALL steps (only checking one step)
+			if (! $check_all) {
+				// and this is the one
+				if ($slug === $reg_step_slug) {
+					return $reg_step_completed;
+				}
+				// skip to next reg step in loop
+				continue;
+			}
+			// $check_all must be true, else we would never have gotten to this point
+			if ($slug === $reg_step_slug) {
+				// if we reach this point, then we are testing either:
+				// all_reg_steps_completed_except() or
+				// all_reg_steps_completed_except_final_step(),
+				// and since this is the reg step EXCEPTION being tested
+				// we want to return true (yes true) if this reg step is NOT completed
+				// ie: "is everything completed except the final step?"
+				// "that is correct... the final step is not completed, but all others are."
+				return $reg_step_completed !== true;
+			}
+			if ($reg_step_completed !== true) {
+				// if any reg step is NOT completed, then ALL steps are not completed
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * all_reg_steps_completed
+	 * returns:
+	 *    true if ALL reg steps have been marked as completed
+	 *        or false if any step is not completed
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function all_reg_steps_completed()
+	{
+		return $this->_reg_steps_completed();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * all_reg_steps_completed_except
+	 * returns:
+	 *        true if ALL reg steps, except a particular step that you wish to skip over, have been marked as completed
+	 *        or false if any other step is not completed
+	 *        or false if ALL steps are completed including the exception you are testing !!!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $exception
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function all_reg_steps_completed_except($exception = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_reg_steps_completed($exception);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * all_reg_steps_completed_except
+	 * returns:
+	 *        true if ALL reg steps, except the final step, have been marked as completed
+	 *        or false if any step is not completed
+	 *    or false if ALL steps are completed including the final step !!!
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function all_reg_steps_completed_except_final_step()
+	{
+		return $this->_reg_steps_completed('finalize_registration');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * reg_step_completed
+	 * returns:
+	 *    true if a specific reg step has been marked as completed
+	 *    a Unix timestamp if it has been initialized but not yet completed,
+	 *    or false if it has not yet been initialized
+	 *
+	 * @param string $reg_step_slug
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function reg_step_completed($reg_step_slug)
+	{
+		return $this->_reg_steps_completed($reg_step_slug, false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * completed_final_reg_step
+	 * returns:
+	 *    true if the finalize_registration reg step has been marked as completed
+	 *    a Unix timestamp if it has been initialized but not yet completed,
+	 *    or false if it has not yet been initialized
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function final_reg_step_completed()
+	{
+		return $this->_reg_steps_completed('finalize_registration', false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set_reg_step_initiated
+	 * given a valid TXN_reg_step, this sets it's value to a unix timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @param string $reg_step_slug
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_reg_step_initiated($reg_step_slug)
+	{
+		return $this->_set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set_reg_step_completed
+	 * given a valid TXN_reg_step, this sets the step as completed
+	 *
+	 * @param string $reg_step_slug
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_reg_step_completed($reg_step_slug)
+	{
+		return $this->_set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set_reg_step_completed
+	 * given a valid TXN_reg_step slug, this sets the step as NOT completed
+	 *
+	 * @param string $reg_step_slug
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_reg_step_not_completed($reg_step_slug)
+	{
+		return $this->_set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, false);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set_reg_step_completed
+	 * given a valid reg step slug, this sets the TXN_reg_step completed status which is either:
+	 *
+	 * @param  string      $reg_step_slug
+	 * @param  boolean|int $status
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _set_reg_step_completed_status($reg_step_slug, $status)
+	{
+		// validate status
+		$status = is_bool($status) || is_int($status) ? $status : false;
+		// get reg steps array
+		$txn_reg_steps = $this->reg_steps();
+		// if reg step does NOT exist
+		if (! isset($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ])) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// if  we're trying to complete a step that is already completed
+		if ($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] === true) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		// if  we're trying to complete a step that hasn't even started
+		if ($status === true && $txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] === false) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// if current status value matches the incoming value (no change)
+		// type casting as int means values should collapse to either 0, 1, or a timestamp like 1234567890
+		if ((int) $txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] === (int) $status) {
+			// this will happen in cases where multiple AJAX requests occur during the same step
+			return true;
+		}
+		// if we're trying to set a start time, but it has already been set...
+		if (is_numeric($status) && is_numeric($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ])) {
+			// skip the update below, but don't return FALSE so that errors won't be displayed
+			return true;
+		}
+		// update completed status
+		$txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ] = $status;
+		$this->set_reg_steps($txn_reg_steps);
+		$this->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * remove_reg_step
+	 * given a valid TXN_reg_step slug, this will remove (unset)
+	 * the reg step from the TXN reg step array
+	 *
+	 * @param string $reg_step_slug
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remove_reg_step($reg_step_slug)
+	{
+		// get reg steps array
+		$txn_reg_steps = $this->reg_steps();
+		unset($txn_reg_steps[ $reg_step_slug ]);
+		$this->set_reg_steps($txn_reg_steps);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * toggle_failed_transaction_status
+	 * upgrades a TXNs status from failed to abandoned,
+	 * meaning that contact information has been captured for at least one registrant
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $save
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function toggle_failed_transaction_status($save = true)
+	{
+		// if TXN status is still set as "failed"...
+		if ($this->status_ID() === EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code) {
+			$this->set_status(EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code);
+			if ($save) {
+				$this->save();
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * toggle_abandoned_transaction_status
+	 * upgrades a TXNs status from failed or abandoned to incomplete
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function toggle_abandoned_transaction_status()
+	{
+		// if TXN status has not been updated already due to a payment, and is still set as "failed" or "abandoned"...
+		$txn_status = $this->status_ID();
+		if (
+			$txn_status === EEM_Transaction::failed_status_code
+			|| $txn_status === EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code
+		) {
+			// if a contact record for the primary registrant has been created
+			if (
+				$this->primary_registration() instanceof EE_Registration
+				&& $this->primary_registration()->attendee() instanceof EE_Attendee
+			) {
+				$this->set_status(EEM_Transaction::incomplete_status_code);
+			} else {
+				// no contact record? yer abandoned!
+				$this->set_status(EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code);
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * checks if an Abandoned TXN has any related payments, and if so,
+	 * updates the TXN status based on the amount paid
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws RuntimeException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function verify_abandoned_transaction_status()
+	{
+		if ($this->status_ID() !== EEM_Transaction::abandoned_status_code) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$payments = $this->get_many_related('Payment');
+		if (! empty($payments)) {
+			foreach ($payments as $payment) {
+				if ($payment instanceof EE_Payment) {
+					// kk this TXN should NOT be abandoned
+					$this->update_status_based_on_total_paid();
+					if (! (defined('DOING_AJAX') && DOING_AJAX) && is_admin()) {
+						EE_Error::add_attention(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'The status for Transaction #%1$d has been updated from "Abandoned" to "%2$s", because at least one payment has been made towards it. If the payment appears in the "Payment Details" table below, you may need to edit its status and/or other details as well.',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								$this->ID(),
+								$this->pretty_status()
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					// get final reg step status
+					$finalized = $this->final_reg_step_completed();
+					// if the 'finalize_registration' step has been initiated (has a timestamp)
+					// but has not yet been fully completed (TRUE)
+					if (is_int($finalized) && $finalized !== false && $finalized !== true) {
+						$this->set_reg_step_completed('finalize_registration');
+						$this->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @since 4.10.4.p
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws RuntimeException
+	 */
+	public function recalculateLineItems()
+	{
+		$total_line_item = $this->total_line_item(false);
+		if ($total_line_item instanceof EE_Line_Item) {
+			EEH_Line_Item::resetIsTaxableForTickets($total_line_item);
+			return EEH_Line_Item::apply_taxes($total_line_item, true);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_CSV.class.php

Indentation +669 added lines, -669 removed lines

@@ -14,673 +14,673 @@
 class EE_CSV
 {
 
-    // instance of the EE_CSV object
-    private static $_instance = null;
-
-
-    // multidimensional array to store update & error messages
-    // var $_notices = array( 'updates' => array(), 'errors' => array() );
-
-
-    private $_primary_keys;
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @var EE_Registry
-     */
-    private $EE;
-    /**
-     * string used for 1st cell in exports, which indicates that the following 2 rows will be metadata keys and values
-     */
-    const metadata_header = 'Event Espresso Export Meta Data';
-
-    /**
-     *        private constructor to prevent direct creation
-     *
-     * @Constructor
-     * @access private
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function __construct()
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-
-        $this->_primary_keys = array(
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_answer'                  => array('ANS_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_attendee'                => array('ATT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_datetime'                => array('DTT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_event_question_group'    => array('EQG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_message_template'        => array('MTP_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_payment'                 => array('PAY_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price'                   => array('PRC_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price_type'              => array('PRT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question'                => array('QST_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group'          => array('QSG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group_question' => array('QGQ_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_option'         => array('QSO_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_registration'            => array('REG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_status'                  => array('STS_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_detail'               => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_detail'      => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_rel'         => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue'                => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue_rel'            => array('emeta_id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale'               => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale_rel'           => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel'            => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel_rel'        => array('id'),
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        @ singleton method used to instantiate class object
-     *        @ access public
-     *
-     * @return EE_CSV
-     */
-    public static function instance()
-    {
-        // check if class object is instantiated
-        if (self::$_instance === null or ! is_object(self::$_instance) or ! (self::$_instance instanceof EE_CSV)) {
-            self::$_instance = new self();
-        }
-        return self::$_instance;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Opens a unicode or utf file (normal file_get_contents has difficulty readin ga unicode file. @see
-     * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15092764/how-to-read-unicode-text-file-in-php
-     *
-     * @param string $file_path
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function read_unicode_file($file_path)
-    {
-        $fc = "";
-        $fh = fopen($file_path, "rb");
-        if (! $fh) {
-            throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__("Cannot open file for read: %s<br>\n", 'event_espresso'), $file_path));
-        }
-        $flen = filesize($file_path);
-        $bc = fread($fh, $flen);
-        for ($i = 0; $i < $flen; $i++) {
-            $c = substr($bc, $i, 1);
-            if ((ord($c) != 0) && (ord($c) != 13)) {
-                $fc = $fc . $c;
-            }
-        }
-        if ((ord(substr($fc, 0, 1)) == 255) && (ord(substr($fc, 1, 1)) == 254)) {
-            $fc = substr($fc, 2);
-        }
-        return ($fc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generic CSV-functionality to turn an entire CSV file into a single array that's
-     * NOT in a specific format to EE. It's just a 2-level array, with top-level arrays
-     * representing each row in the CSV file, and the second-level arrays being each column in that row
-     *
-     * @param string $path_to_file
-     * @return array of arrays. Top-level array has rows, second-level array has each item
-     */
-    public function import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file)
-    {
-        // needed to deal with Mac line endings
-        ini_set('auto_detect_line_endings', true);
-
-        // because fgetcsv does not correctly deal with backslashed quotes such as \"
-        // we'll read the file into a string
-        $file_contents = $this->read_unicode_file($path_to_file);
-        // replace backslashed quotes with CSV enclosures
-        $file_contents = str_replace('\\"', '"""', $file_contents);
-        // HEY YOU! PUT THAT FILE BACK!!!
-        file_put_contents($path_to_file, $file_contents);
-
-        if (($file_handle = fopen($path_to_file, "r")) !== false) {
-            # Set the parent multidimensional array key to 0.
-            $nn = 0;
-            $csvarray = array();
-
-            // in PHP 5.3 fgetcsv accepts a 5th parameter, but the pre 5.3 versions of fgetcsv choke if passed more than 4 - is that crazy or what?
-            if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0') < 0) {
-                //  PHP 5.2- version
-                // loop through each row of the file
-                while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"')) !== false) {
-                    $csvarray[] = $data;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // loop through each row of the file
-                while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"', '\\')) !== false) {
-                    $csvarray[] = $data;
-                }
-            }
-            # Close the File.
-            fclose($file_handle);
-            return $csvarray;
-        } else {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(esc_html__("An error occurred - the file: %s could not opened.", "event_espresso"), $path_to_file),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @Import contents of csv file and store values in an array to be manipulated by other functions
-     * @access public
-     * @param string  $path_to_file         - the csv file to be imported including the path to it's location.
-     *                                      If $model_name is provided, assumes that each row in the CSV represents a
-     *                                      model object for that model If $model_name ISN'T provided, assumes that
-     *                                      before model object data, there is a row where the first entry is simply
-     *                                      'MODEL', and next entry is the model's name, (untranslated) like Event, and
-     *                                      then maybe a row of headers, and then the model data. Eg.
-     *                                      '<br>MODEL,Event,<br>EVT_ID,EVT_name,...<br>1,Monkey
-     *                                      Party,...<br>2,Llamarama,...<br>MODEL,Venue,<br>VNU_ID,VNU_name<br>1,The
-     *                                      Forest
-     * @param string  $model_name           model name if we know what model we're importing
-     * @param boolean $first_row_is_headers - whether the first row of data is headers or not - TRUE = headers, FALSE =
-     *                                      data
-     * @return mixed - array on success - multi dimensional with headers as keys (if headers exist) OR string on fail -
-     *               error message like the following array('Event'=>array( array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'bob
-     *               party',...), array('EVT_ID'=>2,'EVT_name'=>'llamarama',...),
-     *                                      ...
-     *                                      )
-     *                                      'Venue'=>array(
-     *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>1,'VNU_name'=>'the shack',...),
-     *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>2,'VNU_name'=>'tree house',...),
-     *                                      ...
-     *                                      )
-     *                                      ...
-     *                                      )
-     */
-    public function import_csv_to_model_data_array($path_to_file, $model_name = false, $first_row_is_headers = true)
-    {
-        $multi_dimensional_array = $this->import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file);
-        if (! $multi_dimensional_array) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // gotta start somewhere
-        $row = 1;
-        // array to store csv data in
-        $ee_formatted_data = array();
-        // array to store headers (column names)
-        $headers = array();
-        foreach ($multi_dimensional_array as $data) {
-            // if first cell is MODEL, then second cell is the MODEL name
-            if ($data[0] == 'MODEL') {
-                $model_name = $data[1];
-                // don't bother looking for model data in this row. The rest of this
-                // row should be blank
-                // AND pretend this is the first row again
-                $row = 1;
-                // reset headers
-                $headers = array();
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (strpos($data[0], EE_CSV::metadata_header) !== false) {
-                $model_name = EE_CSV::metadata_header;
-                // store like model data, we just won't try importing it etc.
-                $row = 1;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-
-            // how many columns are there?
-            $columns = count($data);
-
-            $model_entry = array();
-            // loop through each column
-            for ($i = 0; $i < $columns; $i++) {
-                // replace csv_enclosures with backslashed quotes
-                $data[ $i ] = str_replace('"""', '\\"', $data[ $i ]);
-                // do we need to grab the column names?
-                if ($row === 1) {
-                    if ($first_row_is_headers) {
-                        // store the column names to use for keys
-                        $column_name = $data[ $i ];
-                        // check it's not blank... sometimes CSV editign programs adda bunch of empty columns onto the end...
-                        if (! $column_name) {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        $matches = array();
-                        if ($model_name == EE_CSV::metadata_header) {
-                            $headers[ $i ] = $column_name;
-                        } else {
-                            // now get the db table name from it (the part between square brackets)
-                            $success = preg_match('~(.*)\[(.*)\]~', $column_name, $matches);
-                            if (! $success) {
-                                EE_Error::add_error(
-                                    sprintf(
-                                        esc_html__(
-                                            "The column titled %s is invalid for importing. It must be be in the format of 'Nice Name[model_field_name]' in row %s",
-                                            "event_espresso"
-                                        ),
-                                        $column_name,
-                                        implode(",", $data)
-                                    ),
-                                    __FILE__,
-                                    __FUNCTION__,
-                                    __LINE__
-                                );
-                                return false;
-                            }
-                            $headers[ $i ] = $matches[2];
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        // no column names means our final array will just use counters for keys
-                        $model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
-                        $headers[ $i ] = $i;
-                    }
-                    // and we need to store csv data
-                } else {
-                    // this column isn' ta header, store it if there is a header for it
-                    if (isset($headers[ $i ])) {
-                        $model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            // save the row's data IF it's a non-header-row
-            if (! $first_row_is_headers || ($first_row_is_headers && $row > 1)) {
-                $ee_formatted_data[ $model_name ][] = $model_entry;
-            }
-            // advance to next row
-            $row++;
-        }
-
-        // delete the uploaded file
-        unlink($path_to_file);
-        // echo '<pre style="height:auto;border:2px solid lightblue;">' . print_r( $ee_formatted_data, TRUE ) . '</pre><br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>';
-        // die();
-
-        // it's good to give back
-        return $ee_formatted_data;
-    }
-
-
-    public function save_csv_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name = false)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            'save_csv_to_db',
-            esc_html__(
-                'Function moved to EE_Import and renamed to save_csv_data_array_to_db',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            '4.6.7'
-        );
-        return EE_Import::instance()->save_csv_data_array_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sends HTTP headers to indicate that the browser should download a file,
-     * and starts writing the file to PHP's output. Returns the file handle so other functions can
-     * also write to it
-     *
-     * @param string $new_filename the name of the file that the user will download
-     * @return resource, like the results of fopen(), which can be used for fwrite, fputcsv2, etc.
-     */
-    public function begin_sending_csv($filename)
-    {
-        // grab file extension
-        $ext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1);
-        if ($ext == '.csv' or $ext == '.xls') {
-            str_replace($ext, '', $filename);
-        }
-        $filename .= '.csv';
-
-        // if somebody's been naughty and already started outputting stuff, trash it
-        // and start writing our stuff.
-        if (ob_get_length()) {
-            @ob_flush();
-            @flush();
-            @ob_end_flush();
-        }
-        @ob_start();
-        header("Pragma: public");
-        header("Expires: 0");
-        header("Pragma: no-cache");
-        header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
-        // header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
-        // header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
-        // header("Content-Type: application/download");
-        header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
-        header("Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8");
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__headers');
-        echo apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__start_writing',
-            "\xEF\xBB\xBF"
-        ); // makes excel open it as UTF-8. UTF-8 BOM, see http://stackoverflow.com/a/4440143/2773835
-        $fh = fopen('php://output', 'w');
-        return $fh;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Writes some meta data to the CSV as a bunch of columns. Initially we're only
-     * mentioning the version and timezone
-     *
-     * @param resource $filehandle
-     */
-    public function write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle)
-    {
-        $data_row = array(EE_CSV::metadata_header);// do NOT translate because this exact string is used when importing
-        $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
-        $meta_data = array(
-            0 => array(
-                'version'        => espresso_version(),
-                'timezone'       => EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone(),
-                'time_of_export' => current_time('mysql'),
-                'site_url'       => site_url(),
-            ),
-        );
-        $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $meta_data);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Writes $data to the csv file open in $filehandle. uses the array indices of $data for column headers
-     *
-     * @param array   $data                 2D array, first numerically-indexed, and next-level-down preferably indexed
-     *                                      by string
-     * @param boolean $add_csv_column_names whether or not we should add the keys in the bottom-most array as a row for
-     *                                      headers in the CSV. Eg, if $data looked like
-     *                                      array(0=>array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'monkey'...), 1=>array(...),...))
-     *                                      then the first row we'd write to the CSV would be "EVT_ID,EVT_name,..."
-     * @return boolean if we successfully wrote to the CSV or not. If there's no $data, we consider that a success
-     *                 (because we wrote everything there was...nothing)
-     */
-    public function write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $data)
-    {
-
-
-        // determine if $data is actually a 2d array
-        if ($data && is_array($data) && is_array(EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data))) {
-            // make sure top level is numerically indexed,
-
-            if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($data)) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            "top-level array must be numerically indexed. Does these look like numbers to you? %s",
-                            "event_espresso"
-                        ),
-                        implode(",", array_keys($data))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $item_in_top_level_array = EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data);
-            // now, is the last item in the top-level array of $data an associative or numeric array?
-            if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($item_in_top_level_array)) {
-                // its associative, so we want to output its keys as column headers
-                $keys = array_keys($item_in_top_level_array);
-                $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $keys);
-            }
-            // start writing data
-            foreach ($data as $data_row) {
-                $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
-            }
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            // no data TO write... so we can assume that's a success
-            return true;
-        }
-        // //if 2nd level is indexed by strings, use those as csv column headers (ie, the first row)
-        //
-        //
-        // $no_table = TRUE;
-        //
-        // // loop through data and add each row to the file/stream as csv
-        // foreach ( $data as $model_name => $model_data ) {
-        // // test first row to see if it is data or a model name
-        // $model = EE_Registry::instance();->load_model($model_name);
-        // //if the model really exists,
-        // if ( $model ) {
-        //
-        // // we have a table name
-        // $no_table = FALSE;
-        //
-        // // put the tablename into an array cuz that's how fputcsv rolls
-        // $model_name_row = array( 'MODEL', $model_name );
-        //
-        // // add table name to csv output
-        // echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_name_row);
-        //
-        // // now get the rest of the data
-        // foreach ( $model_data as $row ) {
-        // // output the row
-        // echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $row);
-        // }
-        //
-        // }
-        //
-        // if ( $no_table ) {
-        // // no table so just put the data
-        // echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_data);
-        // }
-        //
-        // } // END OF foreach ( $data )
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Should be called after begin_sending_csv(), and one or more write_data_array_to_csv()s.
-     * Calls exit to prevent polluting the CSV file with other junk
-     *
-     * @param resource $fh filehandle where we're writing the CSV to
-     */
-    public function end_sending_csv($fh)
-    {
-        fclose($fh);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Given an open file, writes all the model data to it in the format the importer expects.
-     * Usually preceded by begin_sending_csv($filename), and followed by end_sending_csv($filehandle).
-     *
-     * @param resource $filehandle
-     * @param array    $model_data_array is assumed to be a 3d array: 1st layer has keys of model names (eg 'Event'),
-     *                                   next layer is numerically indexed to represent each model object (eg, each
-     *                                   individual event), and the last layer has all the attributes o fthat model
-     *                                   object (eg, the event's id, name, etc)
-     * @return boolean success
-     */
-    public function write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array)
-    {
-        $this->write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle);
-        foreach ($model_data_array as $model_name => $model_instance_arrays) {
-            // first: output a special row stating the model
-            $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, array('MODEL', $model_name));
-            // if we have items to put in the CSV, do it normally
-
-            if (! empty($model_instance_arrays)) {
-                $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $model_instance_arrays);
-            } else {
-                // echo "no data to write... so just write the headers";
-                // so there's actually NO model objects for that model.
-                // probably still want to show the columns
-                $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
-                $column_names = array();
-                foreach ($model->field_settings() as $field) {
-                    $column_names[ $field->get_nicename() . "[" . $field->get_name() . "]" ] = null;
-                }
-                $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, array($column_names));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Writes the CSV file to the output buffer, with rows corresponding to $model_data_array,
-     * and dies (in order to avoid other plugins from messing up the csv output)
-     *
-     * @param string $filename         the filename you want to give the file
-     * @param array  $model_data_array 3d array, as described in EE_CSV::write_model_data_to_csv()
-     * @return bool | void writes CSV file to output and dies
-     */
-    public function export_multiple_model_data_to_csv($filename, $model_data_array)
-    {
-        $filehandle = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
-        $this->write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array);
-        $this->end_sending_csv($filehandle);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @Export contents of an array to csv file
-     * @access public
-     * @param array  $data     - the array of data to be converted to csv and exported
-     * @param string $filename - name for newly created csv file
-     * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     */
-    public function export_array_to_csv($data = false, $filename = false)
-    {
-
-        // no data file?? get outta here
-        if (! $data or ! is_array($data) or empty($data)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        // no filename?? get outta here
-        if (! $filename) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-
-        // somebody told me i might need this ???
-        global $wpdb;
-        $prefix = $wpdb->prefix;
-
-
-        $fh = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
-
-
-        $this->end_sending_csv($fh);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @Determine the maximum upload file size based on php.ini settings
-     * @access    public
-     * @param int $percent_of_max - desired percentage of the max upload_mb
-     * @return int KB
-     */
-    public function get_max_upload_size($percent_of_max = false)
-    {
-
-        $max_upload = (int) (ini_get('upload_max_filesize'));
-        $max_post = (int) (ini_get('post_max_size'));
-        $memory_limit = (int) (ini_get('memory_limit'));
-
-        // determine the smallest of the three values from above
-        $upload_mb = min($max_upload, $max_post, $memory_limit);
-
-        // convert MB to KB
-        $upload_mb = $upload_mb * 1024;
-
-        // don't want the full monty? then reduce the max uplaod size
-        if ($percent_of_max) {
-            // is percent_of_max like this -> 50 or like this -> 0.50 ?
-            if ($percent_of_max > 1) {
-                // chnages 50 to 0.50
-                $percent_of_max = $percent_of_max / 100;
-            }
-            // make upload_mb a percentage of the max upload_mb
-            $upload_mb = $upload_mb * $percent_of_max;
-        }
-
-        return $upload_mb;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @Drop   in replacement for PHP's fputcsv function - but this one works!!!
-     * @access private
-     * @param resource $fh         - file handle - what we are writing to
-     * @param array    $row        - individual row of csv data
-     * @param string   $delimiter  - csv delimiter
-     * @param string   $enclosure  - csv enclosure
-     * @param string   $mysql_null - allows php NULL to be overridden with MySQl's insertable NULL value
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function fputcsv2($fh, array $row, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $mysql_null = false)
-    {
-        // Allow user to filter the csv delimiter and enclosure for other countries csv standards
-        $delimiter = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__delimiter', $delimiter);
-        $enclosure = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__enclosure', $enclosure);
-
-        $delimiter_esc = preg_quote($delimiter, '/');
-        $enclosure_esc = preg_quote($enclosure, '/');
-
-        $output = array();
-        foreach ($row as $field_value) {
-            if (is_object($field_value) || is_array($field_value)) {
-                $field_value = serialize($field_value);
-            }
-            if ($field_value === null && $mysql_null) {
-                $output[] = 'NULL';
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            $output[] = preg_match("/(?:${delimiter_esc}|${enclosure_esc}|\s)/", $field_value) ?
-                ($enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $field_value) . $enclosure)
-                : $field_value;
-        }
-
-        fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output) . PHP_EOL);
-    }
-
-
-    // /**
-    //  * @CSV    Import / Export messages
-    //  * @access public
-    //  * @return void
-    //  */
-    // public function csv_admin_notices()
-    // {
-    //
-    //     // We play both kinds of music here! Country AND Western! - err... I mean, cycle through both types of notices
-    //     foreach (array('updates', 'errors') as $type) {
-    //
-    //         // if particular notice type is not empty, then "You've got Mail"
-    //         if (! empty($this->_notices[ $type ])) {
-    //
-    //             // is it an update or an error ?
-    //             $msg_class = $type == 'updates' ? 'updated' : 'error';
-    //             echo '<div id="message" class="' . $msg_class . '">';
-    //             // display each notice, however many that may be
-    //             foreach ($this->_notices[ $type ] as $message) {
-    //                 echo '<p>' . $message . '</p>';
-    //             }
-    //             // wrap it up
-    //             echo '</div>';
-    //         }
-    //     }
-    // }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the date format to use in teh csv. filterable
-     *
-     * @param string $current_format
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_date_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_date_format_for_csv__format', 'Y-m-d', $current_format);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the time format we want to use in CSV reports. Filterable
-     *
-     * @param string $current_format
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_time_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
-    {
-        return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_time_format_for_csv__format', 'H:i:s', $current_format);
-    }
+	// instance of the EE_CSV object
+	private static $_instance = null;
+
+
+	// multidimensional array to store update & error messages
+	// var $_notices = array( 'updates' => array(), 'errors' => array() );
+
+
+	private $_primary_keys;
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Registry
+	 */
+	private $EE;
+	/**
+	 * string used for 1st cell in exports, which indicates that the following 2 rows will be metadata keys and values
+	 */
+	const metadata_header = 'Event Espresso Export Meta Data';
+
+	/**
+	 *        private constructor to prevent direct creation
+	 *
+	 * @Constructor
+	 * @access private
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function __construct()
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+
+		$this->_primary_keys = array(
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_answer'                  => array('ANS_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_attendee'                => array('ATT_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_datetime'                => array('DTT_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_event_question_group'    => array('EQG_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_message_template'        => array('MTP_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_payment'                 => array('PAY_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price'                   => array('PRC_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price_type'              => array('PRT_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question'                => array('QST_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group'          => array('QSG_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group_question' => array('QGQ_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_option'         => array('QSO_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_registration'            => array('REG_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_status'                  => array('STS_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_detail'               => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_detail'      => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_rel'         => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue'                => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue_rel'            => array('emeta_id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale'               => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale_rel'           => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel'            => array('id'),
+			$wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel_rel'        => array('id'),
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        @ singleton method used to instantiate class object
+	 *        @ access public
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_CSV
+	 */
+	public static function instance()
+	{
+		// check if class object is instantiated
+		if (self::$_instance === null or ! is_object(self::$_instance) or ! (self::$_instance instanceof EE_CSV)) {
+			self::$_instance = new self();
+		}
+		return self::$_instance;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Opens a unicode or utf file (normal file_get_contents has difficulty readin ga unicode file. @see
+	 * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15092764/how-to-read-unicode-text-file-in-php
+	 *
+	 * @param string $file_path
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function read_unicode_file($file_path)
+	{
+		$fc = "";
+		$fh = fopen($file_path, "rb");
+		if (! $fh) {
+			throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__("Cannot open file for read: %s<br>\n", 'event_espresso'), $file_path));
+		}
+		$flen = filesize($file_path);
+		$bc = fread($fh, $flen);
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $flen; $i++) {
+			$c = substr($bc, $i, 1);
+			if ((ord($c) != 0) && (ord($c) != 13)) {
+				$fc = $fc . $c;
+			}
+		}
+		if ((ord(substr($fc, 0, 1)) == 255) && (ord(substr($fc, 1, 1)) == 254)) {
+			$fc = substr($fc, 2);
+		}
+		return ($fc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generic CSV-functionality to turn an entire CSV file into a single array that's
+	 * NOT in a specific format to EE. It's just a 2-level array, with top-level arrays
+	 * representing each row in the CSV file, and the second-level arrays being each column in that row
+	 *
+	 * @param string $path_to_file
+	 * @return array of arrays. Top-level array has rows, second-level array has each item
+	 */
+	public function import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file)
+	{
+		// needed to deal with Mac line endings
+		ini_set('auto_detect_line_endings', true);
+
+		// because fgetcsv does not correctly deal with backslashed quotes such as \"
+		// we'll read the file into a string
+		$file_contents = $this->read_unicode_file($path_to_file);
+		// replace backslashed quotes with CSV enclosures
+		$file_contents = str_replace('\\"', '"""', $file_contents);
+		// HEY YOU! PUT THAT FILE BACK!!!
+		file_put_contents($path_to_file, $file_contents);
+
+		if (($file_handle = fopen($path_to_file, "r")) !== false) {
+			# Set the parent multidimensional array key to 0.
+			$nn = 0;
+			$csvarray = array();
+
+			// in PHP 5.3 fgetcsv accepts a 5th parameter, but the pre 5.3 versions of fgetcsv choke if passed more than 4 - is that crazy or what?
+			if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.0') < 0) {
+				//  PHP 5.2- version
+				// loop through each row of the file
+				while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"')) !== false) {
+					$csvarray[] = $data;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// loop through each row of the file
+				while (($data = fgetcsv($file_handle, 0, ',', '"', '\\')) !== false) {
+					$csvarray[] = $data;
+				}
+			}
+			# Close the File.
+			fclose($file_handle);
+			return $csvarray;
+		} else {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(esc_html__("An error occurred - the file: %s could not opened.", "event_espresso"), $path_to_file),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @Import contents of csv file and store values in an array to be manipulated by other functions
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string  $path_to_file         - the csv file to be imported including the path to it's location.
+	 *                                      If $model_name is provided, assumes that each row in the CSV represents a
+	 *                                      model object for that model If $model_name ISN'T provided, assumes that
+	 *                                      before model object data, there is a row where the first entry is simply
+	 *                                      'MODEL', and next entry is the model's name, (untranslated) like Event, and
+	 *                                      then maybe a row of headers, and then the model data. Eg.
+	 *                                      '<br>MODEL,Event,<br>EVT_ID,EVT_name,...<br>1,Monkey
+	 *                                      Party,...<br>2,Llamarama,...<br>MODEL,Venue,<br>VNU_ID,VNU_name<br>1,The
+	 *                                      Forest
+	 * @param string  $model_name           model name if we know what model we're importing
+	 * @param boolean $first_row_is_headers - whether the first row of data is headers or not - TRUE = headers, FALSE =
+	 *                                      data
+	 * @return mixed - array on success - multi dimensional with headers as keys (if headers exist) OR string on fail -
+	 *               error message like the following array('Event'=>array( array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'bob
+	 *               party',...), array('EVT_ID'=>2,'EVT_name'=>'llamarama',...),
+	 *                                      ...
+	 *                                      )
+	 *                                      'Venue'=>array(
+	 *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>1,'VNU_name'=>'the shack',...),
+	 *                                      array('VNU_ID'=>2,'VNU_name'=>'tree house',...),
+	 *                                      ...
+	 *                                      )
+	 *                                      ...
+	 *                                      )
+	 */
+	public function import_csv_to_model_data_array($path_to_file, $model_name = false, $first_row_is_headers = true)
+	{
+		$multi_dimensional_array = $this->import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file);
+		if (! $multi_dimensional_array) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// gotta start somewhere
+		$row = 1;
+		// array to store csv data in
+		$ee_formatted_data = array();
+		// array to store headers (column names)
+		$headers = array();
+		foreach ($multi_dimensional_array as $data) {
+			// if first cell is MODEL, then second cell is the MODEL name
+			if ($data[0] == 'MODEL') {
+				$model_name = $data[1];
+				// don't bother looking for model data in this row. The rest of this
+				// row should be blank
+				// AND pretend this is the first row again
+				$row = 1;
+				// reset headers
+				$headers = array();
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (strpos($data[0], EE_CSV::metadata_header) !== false) {
+				$model_name = EE_CSV::metadata_header;
+				// store like model data, we just won't try importing it etc.
+				$row = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+
+			// how many columns are there?
+			$columns = count($data);
+
+			$model_entry = array();
+			// loop through each column
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $columns; $i++) {
+				// replace csv_enclosures with backslashed quotes
+				$data[ $i ] = str_replace('"""', '\\"', $data[ $i ]);
+				// do we need to grab the column names?
+				if ($row === 1) {
+					if ($first_row_is_headers) {
+						// store the column names to use for keys
+						$column_name = $data[ $i ];
+						// check it's not blank... sometimes CSV editign programs adda bunch of empty columns onto the end...
+						if (! $column_name) {
+							continue;
+						}
+						$matches = array();
+						if ($model_name == EE_CSV::metadata_header) {
+							$headers[ $i ] = $column_name;
+						} else {
+							// now get the db table name from it (the part between square brackets)
+							$success = preg_match('~(.*)\[(.*)\]~', $column_name, $matches);
+							if (! $success) {
+								EE_Error::add_error(
+									sprintf(
+										esc_html__(
+											"The column titled %s is invalid for importing. It must be be in the format of 'Nice Name[model_field_name]' in row %s",
+											"event_espresso"
+										),
+										$column_name,
+										implode(",", $data)
+									),
+									__FILE__,
+									__FUNCTION__,
+									__LINE__
+								);
+								return false;
+							}
+							$headers[ $i ] = $matches[2];
+						}
+					} else {
+						// no column names means our final array will just use counters for keys
+						$model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
+						$headers[ $i ] = $i;
+					}
+					// and we need to store csv data
+				} else {
+					// this column isn' ta header, store it if there is a header for it
+					if (isset($headers[ $i ])) {
+						$model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// save the row's data IF it's a non-header-row
+			if (! $first_row_is_headers || ($first_row_is_headers && $row > 1)) {
+				$ee_formatted_data[ $model_name ][] = $model_entry;
+			}
+			// advance to next row
+			$row++;
+		}
+
+		// delete the uploaded file
+		unlink($path_to_file);
+		// echo '<pre style="height:auto;border:2px solid lightblue;">' . print_r( $ee_formatted_data, TRUE ) . '</pre><br /><span style="font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;">' . __FILE__ . '<br />line no: ' . __LINE__ . '</span>';
+		// die();
+
+		// it's good to give back
+		return $ee_formatted_data;
+	}
+
+
+	public function save_csv_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name = false)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			'save_csv_to_db',
+			esc_html__(
+				'Function moved to EE_Import and renamed to save_csv_data_array_to_db',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			'4.6.7'
+		);
+		return EE_Import::instance()->save_csv_data_array_to_db($csv_data_array, $model_name);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sends HTTP headers to indicate that the browser should download a file,
+	 * and starts writing the file to PHP's output. Returns the file handle so other functions can
+	 * also write to it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $new_filename the name of the file that the user will download
+	 * @return resource, like the results of fopen(), which can be used for fwrite, fputcsv2, etc.
+	 */
+	public function begin_sending_csv($filename)
+	{
+		// grab file extension
+		$ext = substr(strrchr($filename, '.'), 1);
+		if ($ext == '.csv' or $ext == '.xls') {
+			str_replace($ext, '', $filename);
+		}
+		$filename .= '.csv';
+
+		// if somebody's been naughty and already started outputting stuff, trash it
+		// and start writing our stuff.
+		if (ob_get_length()) {
+			@ob_flush();
+			@flush();
+			@ob_end_flush();
+		}
+		@ob_start();
+		header("Pragma: public");
+		header("Expires: 0");
+		header("Pragma: no-cache");
+		header("Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
+		// header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
+		// header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
+		// header("Content-Type: application/download");
+		header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
+		header("Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8");
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__headers');
+		echo apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__start_writing',
+			"\xEF\xBB\xBF"
+		); // makes excel open it as UTF-8. UTF-8 BOM, see http://stackoverflow.com/a/4440143/2773835
+		$fh = fopen('php://output', 'w');
+		return $fh;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes some meta data to the CSV as a bunch of columns. Initially we're only
+	 * mentioning the version and timezone
+	 *
+	 * @param resource $filehandle
+	 */
+	public function write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle)
+	{
+		$data_row = array(EE_CSV::metadata_header);// do NOT translate because this exact string is used when importing
+		$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
+		$meta_data = array(
+			0 => array(
+				'version'        => espresso_version(),
+				'timezone'       => EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone(),
+				'time_of_export' => current_time('mysql'),
+				'site_url'       => site_url(),
+			),
+		);
+		$this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $meta_data);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes $data to the csv file open in $filehandle. uses the array indices of $data for column headers
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $data                 2D array, first numerically-indexed, and next-level-down preferably indexed
+	 *                                      by string
+	 * @param boolean $add_csv_column_names whether or not we should add the keys in the bottom-most array as a row for
+	 *                                      headers in the CSV. Eg, if $data looked like
+	 *                                      array(0=>array('EVT_ID'=>1,'EVT_name'=>'monkey'...), 1=>array(...),...))
+	 *                                      then the first row we'd write to the CSV would be "EVT_ID,EVT_name,..."
+	 * @return boolean if we successfully wrote to the CSV or not. If there's no $data, we consider that a success
+	 *                 (because we wrote everything there was...nothing)
+	 */
+	public function write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $data)
+	{
+
+
+		// determine if $data is actually a 2d array
+		if ($data && is_array($data) && is_array(EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data))) {
+			// make sure top level is numerically indexed,
+
+			if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($data)) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							"top-level array must be numerically indexed. Does these look like numbers to you? %s",
+							"event_espresso"
+						),
+						implode(",", array_keys($data))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$item_in_top_level_array = EEH_Array::get_one_item_from_array($data);
+			// now, is the last item in the top-level array of $data an associative or numeric array?
+			if (EEH_Array::is_associative_array($item_in_top_level_array)) {
+				// its associative, so we want to output its keys as column headers
+				$keys = array_keys($item_in_top_level_array);
+				$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $keys);
+			}
+			// start writing data
+			foreach ($data as $data_row) {
+				$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
+			}
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			// no data TO write... so we can assume that's a success
+			return true;
+		}
+		// //if 2nd level is indexed by strings, use those as csv column headers (ie, the first row)
+		//
+		//
+		// $no_table = TRUE;
+		//
+		// // loop through data and add each row to the file/stream as csv
+		// foreach ( $data as $model_name => $model_data ) {
+		// // test first row to see if it is data or a model name
+		// $model = EE_Registry::instance();->load_model($model_name);
+		// //if the model really exists,
+		// if ( $model ) {
+		//
+		// // we have a table name
+		// $no_table = FALSE;
+		//
+		// // put the tablename into an array cuz that's how fputcsv rolls
+		// $model_name_row = array( 'MODEL', $model_name );
+		//
+		// // add table name to csv output
+		// echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_name_row);
+		//
+		// // now get the rest of the data
+		// foreach ( $model_data as $row ) {
+		// // output the row
+		// echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $row);
+		// }
+		//
+		// }
+		//
+		// if ( $no_table ) {
+		// // no table so just put the data
+		// echo self::fputcsv2($filehandle, $model_data);
+		// }
+		//
+		// } // END OF foreach ( $data )
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Should be called after begin_sending_csv(), and one or more write_data_array_to_csv()s.
+	 * Calls exit to prevent polluting the CSV file with other junk
+	 *
+	 * @param resource $fh filehandle where we're writing the CSV to
+	 */
+	public function end_sending_csv($fh)
+	{
+		fclose($fh);
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Given an open file, writes all the model data to it in the format the importer expects.
+	 * Usually preceded by begin_sending_csv($filename), and followed by end_sending_csv($filehandle).
+	 *
+	 * @param resource $filehandle
+	 * @param array    $model_data_array is assumed to be a 3d array: 1st layer has keys of model names (eg 'Event'),
+	 *                                   next layer is numerically indexed to represent each model object (eg, each
+	 *                                   individual event), and the last layer has all the attributes o fthat model
+	 *                                   object (eg, the event's id, name, etc)
+	 * @return boolean success
+	 */
+	public function write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array)
+	{
+		$this->write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle);
+		foreach ($model_data_array as $model_name => $model_instance_arrays) {
+			// first: output a special row stating the model
+			$this->fputcsv2($filehandle, array('MODEL', $model_name));
+			// if we have items to put in the CSV, do it normally
+
+			if (! empty($model_instance_arrays)) {
+				$this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $model_instance_arrays);
+			} else {
+				// echo "no data to write... so just write the headers";
+				// so there's actually NO model objects for that model.
+				// probably still want to show the columns
+				$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
+				$column_names = array();
+				foreach ($model->field_settings() as $field) {
+					$column_names[ $field->get_nicename() . "[" . $field->get_name() . "]" ] = null;
+				}
+				$this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, array($column_names));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Writes the CSV file to the output buffer, with rows corresponding to $model_data_array,
+	 * and dies (in order to avoid other plugins from messing up the csv output)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $filename         the filename you want to give the file
+	 * @param array  $model_data_array 3d array, as described in EE_CSV::write_model_data_to_csv()
+	 * @return bool | void writes CSV file to output and dies
+	 */
+	public function export_multiple_model_data_to_csv($filename, $model_data_array)
+	{
+		$filehandle = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
+		$this->write_model_data_to_csv($filehandle, $model_data_array);
+		$this->end_sending_csv($filehandle);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @Export contents of an array to csv file
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array  $data     - the array of data to be converted to csv and exported
+	 * @param string $filename - name for newly created csv file
+	 * @return TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 */
+	public function export_array_to_csv($data = false, $filename = false)
+	{
+
+		// no data file?? get outta here
+		if (! $data or ! is_array($data) or empty($data)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// no filename?? get outta here
+		if (! $filename) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+
+		// somebody told me i might need this ???
+		global $wpdb;
+		$prefix = $wpdb->prefix;
+
+
+		$fh = $this->begin_sending_csv($filename);
+
+
+		$this->end_sending_csv($fh);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @Determine the maximum upload file size based on php.ini settings
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param int $percent_of_max - desired percentage of the max upload_mb
+	 * @return int KB
+	 */
+	public function get_max_upload_size($percent_of_max = false)
+	{
+
+		$max_upload = (int) (ini_get('upload_max_filesize'));
+		$max_post = (int) (ini_get('post_max_size'));
+		$memory_limit = (int) (ini_get('memory_limit'));
+
+		// determine the smallest of the three values from above
+		$upload_mb = min($max_upload, $max_post, $memory_limit);
+
+		// convert MB to KB
+		$upload_mb = $upload_mb * 1024;
+
+		// don't want the full monty? then reduce the max uplaod size
+		if ($percent_of_max) {
+			// is percent_of_max like this -> 50 or like this -> 0.50 ?
+			if ($percent_of_max > 1) {
+				// chnages 50 to 0.50
+				$percent_of_max = $percent_of_max / 100;
+			}
+			// make upload_mb a percentage of the max upload_mb
+			$upload_mb = $upload_mb * $percent_of_max;
+		}
+
+		return $upload_mb;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @Drop   in replacement for PHP's fputcsv function - but this one works!!!
+	 * @access private
+	 * @param resource $fh         - file handle - what we are writing to
+	 * @param array    $row        - individual row of csv data
+	 * @param string   $delimiter  - csv delimiter
+	 * @param string   $enclosure  - csv enclosure
+	 * @param string   $mysql_null - allows php NULL to be overridden with MySQl's insertable NULL value
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function fputcsv2($fh, array $row, $delimiter = ',', $enclosure = '"', $mysql_null = false)
+	{
+		// Allow user to filter the csv delimiter and enclosure for other countries csv standards
+		$delimiter = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__delimiter', $delimiter);
+		$enclosure = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__fputcsv2__enclosure', $enclosure);
+
+		$delimiter_esc = preg_quote($delimiter, '/');
+		$enclosure_esc = preg_quote($enclosure, '/');
+
+		$output = array();
+		foreach ($row as $field_value) {
+			if (is_object($field_value) || is_array($field_value)) {
+				$field_value = serialize($field_value);
+			}
+			if ($field_value === null && $mysql_null) {
+				$output[] = 'NULL';
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			$output[] = preg_match("/(?:${delimiter_esc}|${enclosure_esc}|\s)/", $field_value) ?
+				($enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $field_value) . $enclosure)
+				: $field_value;
+		}
+
+		fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output) . PHP_EOL);
+	}
+
+
+	// /**
+	//  * @CSV    Import / Export messages
+	//  * @access public
+	//  * @return void
+	//  */
+	// public function csv_admin_notices()
+	// {
+	//
+	//     // We play both kinds of music here! Country AND Western! - err... I mean, cycle through both types of notices
+	//     foreach (array('updates', 'errors') as $type) {
+	//
+	//         // if particular notice type is not empty, then "You've got Mail"
+	//         if (! empty($this->_notices[ $type ])) {
+	//
+	//             // is it an update or an error ?
+	//             $msg_class = $type == 'updates' ? 'updated' : 'error';
+	//             echo '<div id="message" class="' . $msg_class . '">';
+	//             // display each notice, however many that may be
+	//             foreach ($this->_notices[ $type ] as $message) {
+	//                 echo '<p>' . $message . '</p>';
+	//             }
+	//             // wrap it up
+	//             echo '</div>';
+	//         }
+	//     }
+	// }
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the date format to use in teh csv. filterable
+	 *
+	 * @param string $current_format
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_date_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_date_format_for_csv__format', 'Y-m-d', $current_format);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the time format we want to use in CSV reports. Filterable
+	 *
+	 * @param string $current_format
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_time_format_for_csv($current_format = null)
+	{
+		return apply_filters('FHEE__EE_CSV__get_time_format_for_csv__format', 'H:i:s', $current_format);
+	}
 }

Spacing +48 added lines, -48 removed lines

@@ -46,31 +46,31 @@ 
         global $wpdb;
 
         $this->_primary_keys = array(
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_answer'                  => array('ANS_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_attendee'                => array('ATT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_datetime'                => array('DTT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_event_question_group'    => array('EQG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_message_template'        => array('MTP_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_payment'                 => array('PAY_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price'                   => array('PRC_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_price_type'              => array('PRT_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question'                => array('QST_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group'          => array('QSG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_group_question' => array('QGQ_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_question_option'         => array('QSO_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_registration'            => array('REG_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_status'                  => array('STS_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_detail'               => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_detail'      => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_category_rel'         => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue'                => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_venue_rel'            => array('emeta_id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale'               => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_locale_rel'           => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel'            => array('id'),
-            $wpdb->prefix . 'events_personnel_rel'        => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_answer'                  => array('ANS_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_attendee'                => array('ATT_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_datetime'                => array('DTT_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_event_question_group'    => array('EQG_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_message_template'        => array('MTP_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_payment'                 => array('PAY_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_price'                   => array('PRC_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_price_type'              => array('PRT_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_question'                => array('QST_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_question_group'          => array('QSG_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_question_group_question' => array('QGQ_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_question_option'         => array('QSO_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_registration'            => array('REG_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_status'                  => array('STS_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'esp_transaction'             => array('TXN_ID'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_detail'               => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_category_detail'      => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_category_rel'         => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_venue'                => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_venue_rel'            => array('emeta_id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_locale'               => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_locale_rel'           => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_personnel'            => array('id'),
+            $wpdb->prefix.'events_personnel_rel'        => array('id'),
         );
     }
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ 
     {
         $fc = "";
         $fh = fopen($file_path, "rb");
-        if (! $fh) {
+        if ( ! $fh) {
             throw new EE_Error(sprintf(esc_html__("Cannot open file for read: %s<br>\n", 'event_espresso'), $file_path));
         }
         $flen = filesize($file_path);
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ 
         for ($i = 0; $i < $flen; $i++) {
             $c = substr($bc, $i, 1);
             if ((ord($c) != 0) && (ord($c) != 13)) {
-                $fc = $fc . $c;
+                $fc = $fc.$c;
             }
         }
         if ((ord(substr($fc, 0, 1)) == 255) && (ord(substr($fc, 1, 1)) == 254)) {
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ 
     public function import_csv_to_model_data_array($path_to_file, $model_name = false, $first_row_is_headers = true)
     {
         $multi_dimensional_array = $this->import_csv_to_multi_dimensional_array($path_to_file);
-        if (! $multi_dimensional_array) {
+        if ( ! $multi_dimensional_array) {
             return false;
         }
         // gotta start somewhere
@@ -241,23 +241,23 @@ 
             // loop through each column
             for ($i = 0; $i < $columns; $i++) {
                 // replace csv_enclosures with backslashed quotes
-                $data[ $i ] = str_replace('"""', '\\"', $data[ $i ]);
+                $data[$i] = str_replace('"""', '\\"', $data[$i]);
                 // do we need to grab the column names?
                 if ($row === 1) {
                     if ($first_row_is_headers) {
                         // store the column names to use for keys
-                        $column_name = $data[ $i ];
+                        $column_name = $data[$i];
                         // check it's not blank... sometimes CSV editign programs adda bunch of empty columns onto the end...
-                        if (! $column_name) {
+                        if ( ! $column_name) {
                             continue;
                         }
                         $matches = array();
                         if ($model_name == EE_CSV::metadata_header) {
-                            $headers[ $i ] = $column_name;
+                            $headers[$i] = $column_name;
                         } else {
                             // now get the db table name from it (the part between square brackets)
                             $success = preg_match('~(.*)\[(.*)\]~', $column_name, $matches);
-                            if (! $success) {
+                            if ( ! $success) {
                                 EE_Error::add_error(
                                     sprintf(
                                         esc_html__(
@@ -273,24 +273,24 @@ 
                                 );
                                 return false;
                             }
-                            $headers[ $i ] = $matches[2];
+                            $headers[$i] = $matches[2];
                         }
                     } else {
                         // no column names means our final array will just use counters for keys
-                        $model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
-                        $headers[ $i ] = $i;
+                        $model_entry[$headers[$i]] = $data[$i];
+                        $headers[$i] = $i;
                     }
                     // and we need to store csv data
                 } else {
                     // this column isn' ta header, store it if there is a header for it
-                    if (isset($headers[ $i ])) {
-                        $model_entry[ $headers[ $i ] ] = $data[ $i ];
+                    if (isset($headers[$i])) {
+                        $model_entry[$headers[$i]] = $data[$i];
                     }
                 }
             }
             // save the row's data IF it's a non-header-row
-            if (! $first_row_is_headers || ($first_row_is_headers && $row > 1)) {
-                $ee_formatted_data[ $model_name ][] = $model_entry;
+            if ( ! $first_row_is_headers || ($first_row_is_headers && $row > 1)) {
+                $ee_formatted_data[$model_name][] = $model_entry;
             }
             // advance to next row
             $row++;
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ 
         // header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
         // header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
         // header("Content-Type: application/download");
-        header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
+        header('Content-disposition: attachment; filename='.$filename);
         header("Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8");
         do_action('AHEE__EE_CSV__begin_sending_csv__headers');
         echo apply_filters(
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ 
      */
     public function write_metadata_to_csv($filehandle)
     {
-        $data_row = array(EE_CSV::metadata_header);// do NOT translate because this exact string is used when importing
+        $data_row = array(EE_CSV::metadata_header); // do NOT translate because this exact string is used when importing
         $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, $data_row);
         $meta_data = array(
             0 => array(
@@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ 
             $this->fputcsv2($filehandle, array('MODEL', $model_name));
             // if we have items to put in the CSV, do it normally
 
-            if (! empty($model_instance_arrays)) {
+            if ( ! empty($model_instance_arrays)) {
                 $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, $model_instance_arrays);
             } else {
                 // echo "no data to write... so just write the headers";
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ 
                 $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_name);
                 $column_names = array();
                 foreach ($model->field_settings() as $field) {
-                    $column_names[ $field->get_nicename() . "[" . $field->get_name() . "]" ] = null;
+                    $column_names[$field->get_nicename()."[".$field->get_name()."]"] = null;
                 }
                 $this->write_data_array_to_csv($filehandle, array($column_names));
             }
@@ -541,12 +541,12 @@ 
     {
 
         // no data file?? get outta here
-        if (! $data or ! is_array($data) or empty($data)) {
+        if ( ! $data or ! is_array($data) or empty($data)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // no filename?? get outta here
-        if (! $filename) {
+        if ( ! $filename) {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -627,11 +627,11 @@ 
             }
 
             $output[] = preg_match("/(?:${delimiter_esc}|${enclosure_esc}|\s)/", $field_value) ?
-                ($enclosure . str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure . $enclosure, $field_value) . $enclosure)
+                ($enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, $field_value).$enclosure)
                 : $field_value;
         }
 
-        fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output) . PHP_EOL);
+        fwrite($fh, join($delimiter, $output).PHP_EOL);
     }
 
 

core/db_classes/EE_Event.class.php

Indentation +1439 added lines, -1439 removed lines

@@ -16,1443 +16,1443 @@
 class EE_Event extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Line_Item_Object, EEI_Admin_Links, EEI_Has_Icon, EEI_Event
 {
 
-    /**
-     * cached value for the the logical active status for the event
-     *
-     * @see get_active_status()
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_active_status = '';
-
-    /**
-     * This is just used for caching the Primary Datetime for the Event on initial retrieval
-     *
-     * @var EE_Datetime
-     */
-    protected $_Primary_Datetime;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EventSpacesCalculator $available_spaces_calculator
-     */
-    protected $available_spaces_calculator;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EventSpacesCalculator
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator()
-    {
-        if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
-            $this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
-        }
-        return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent set() method so that all calls to set( 'status', $status ) can be routed to internal methods
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        switch ($field_name) {
-            case 'status':
-                $this->set_status($field_value, $use_default);
-                break;
-            default:
-                parent::set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_status
-     * Checks if event status is being changed to SOLD OUT
-     * and updates event meta data with previous event status
-     * so that we can revert things if/when the event is no longer sold out
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $new_status
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_status($new_status = null, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if nothing is set, and we aren't explicitly wanting to reset the status, then just leave
-        if (empty($new_status) && ! $use_default) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // get current Event status
-        $old_status = $this->status();
-        // if status has changed
-        if ($old_status !== $new_status) {
-            // TO sold_out
-            if ($new_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                // save the previous event status so that we can revert if the event is no longer sold out
-                $this->add_post_meta('_previous_event_status', $old_status);
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__to_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
-                // OR FROM  sold_out
-            } elseif ($old_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                $this->delete_post_meta('_previous_event_status');
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__from_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
-            }
-            // clear out the active status so that it gets reset the next time it is requested
-            $this->_active_status = null;
-            // update status
-            parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__after_update', $this);
-            return;
-        }
-        // even though the old value matches the new value, it's still good to
-        // allow the parent set method to have a say
-        parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by DTT_EVT_start in ascending order
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_in_chronological_order()
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', array('order_by' => array('DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC')));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by the DTT_order on the datetime.
-     * @darren, we should probably UNSET timezone on the EEM_Datetime model
-     * after running our query, so that this timezone isn't set for EVERY query
-     * on EEM_Datetime for the rest of the request, no?
-     *
-     * @param boolean $show_expired whether or not to include expired events
-     * @param boolean $show_deleted whether or not to include deleted events
-     * @param null    $limit
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false, $limit = null)
-    {
-        return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_event_ordered_by_DTT_order(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $show_expired,
-            $show_deleted,
-            $limit
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns one related datetime. Mostly only used by some legacy code.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function first_datetime()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Datetime');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the 'primary' datetime for the event
-     *
-     * @param bool $try_to_exclude_expired
-     * @param bool $try_to_exclude_deleted
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function primary_datetime($try_to_exclude_expired = true, $try_to_exclude_deleted = true)
-    {
-        if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
-            return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
-        }
-        $this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $try_to_exclude_expired,
-            $try_to_exclude_deleted
-        );
-        return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tickets available for purchase of this event
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tickets($query_params = array())
-    {
-        // first get all datetimes
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
-        if (! $datetimes) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        $datetime_ids = array();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            $datetime_ids[] = $datetime->ID();
-        }
-        $where_params = array('Datetime.DTT_ID' => array('IN', $datetime_ids));
-        // if incoming $query_params has where conditions let's merge but not override existing.
-        if (is_array($query_params) && isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $where_params = array_merge($query_params[0], $where_params);
-            unset($query_params[0]);
-        }
-        // now add $where_params to $query_params
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get all unexpired untrashed tickets
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function active_tickets()
-    {
-        return $this->tickets(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'TKT_end_date' => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
-                    'TKT_deleted'  => false,
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function additional_limit()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_additional_limit');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function allow_overflow()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_allow_overflow');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function created()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_created');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Runs do_shortcode and wpautop on the description
-     *
-     * @return string of html
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description_filtered()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('EVT_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_display_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_ticket_selector()
-    {
-        return (bool) $this->get('EVT_display_ticket_selector');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function external_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_external_URL');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function member_only()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_member_only');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function phone()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function modified()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_modified');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function order()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function default_registration_status()
-    {
-        $event_default_registration_status = $this->get('EVT_default_registration_status');
-        return ! empty($event_default_registration_status)
-            ? $event_default_registration_status
-            : EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int  $num_words
-     * @param null $more
-     * @param bool $not_full_desc
-     * @return bool|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function short_description($num_words = 55, $more = null, $not_full_desc = false)
-    {
-        $short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
-        if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
-            return $short_desc;
-        }
-        $full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
-        return wp_trim_words($full_desc, $num_words, $more);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function slug()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_slug');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function timezone_string()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_timezone_string');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function visible_on()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_visible_on');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_wp_user');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function donations()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_donations');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $limit
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_additional_limit($limit)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_additional_limit', $limit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $created
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_created($created)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_created', $created);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_description($desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_desc', $desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $display_desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_display_description($display_desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_display_desc', $display_desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $display_ticket_selector
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_display_ticket_selector($display_ticket_selector)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_display_ticket_selector', $display_ticket_selector);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $external_url
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_external_url($external_url)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_external_URL', $external_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $member_only
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_member_only($member_only)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_member_only', $member_only);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $event_phone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_event_phone($event_phone)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_phone', $event_phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $modified
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_modified($modified)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_modified', $modified);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $order
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_order($order)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_order', $order);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $short_desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_short_description($short_desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_short_desc', $short_desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $slug
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_slug($slug)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_slug', $slug);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $timezone_string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_timezone_string($timezone_string)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_timezone_string', $timezone_string);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $visible_on
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_visible_on($visible_on)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_visible_on', $visible_on);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $wp_user
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_wp_user($wp_user)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_wp_user', $wp_user);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $default_registration_status
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_default_registration_status($default_registration_status)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_default_registration_status', $default_registration_status);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $donations
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_donations($donations)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_donations', $donations);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a venue to this event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj)
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a venue from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj)
-    {
-        return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the venues related ot the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Venue[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function venues($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Venue', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * check if event id is present and if event is published
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return boolean true yes, false no
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _has_ID_and_is_published()
-    {
-        // first check if event id is present and not NULL,
-        // then check if this event is published (or any of the equivalent "published" statuses)
-        return
-            $this->ID() && $this->ID() !== null
-            && (
-                $this->status() === 'publish'
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled
-            );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dates with NOW and determines if the event is upcoming or not.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return boolean true yes, false no
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_upcoming()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $upcoming = false;
-        // next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be upcoming.
-                if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // if this dtt is active then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_active()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check upcoming status
-                $upcoming = $datetime->is_upcoming();
-            }
-        }
-        return $upcoming;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_active()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $active = false;
-        // next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be active.
-                if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // if this dtt is upcoming then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_upcoming()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check active status
-                $active = $datetime->is_active();
-            }
-        }
-        return $active;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_expired()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $expired = false;
-        // first let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is upcoming or active then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_upcoming() || $datetime->is_active()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check active status
-                $expired = $datetime->is_expired();
-            }
-        }
-        return $expired;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_inactive()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->_has_ID_and_is_published()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
-     *
-     * @param array $tickets
-     * @param bool  $filtered
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining($tickets = array(), $filtered = true)
-    {
-        $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->setActiveTickets($tickets);
-        $spaces_remaining = $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining();
-        return $filtered
-            ? apply_filters(
-                'FHEE_EE_Event__spaces_remaining',
-                $spaces_remaining,
-                $this,
-                $tickets
-            )
-            : $spaces_remaining;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    perform_sold_out_status_check
-     *    checks all of this events's datetime  reg_limit - sold values to determine if ANY datetimes have spaces
-     *    available... if NOT, then the event status will get toggled to 'sold_out'
-     *
-     * @return bool    return the ACTUAL sold out state.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function perform_sold_out_status_check()
-    {
-        // get all tickets
-        $tickets = $this->tickets(
-            array(
-                'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
-                'order_by' => array('TKT_qty' => 'ASC'),
-            )
-        );
-        $all_expired = true;
-        foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-            if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
-                $all_expired = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        // if all the tickets are just expired, then don't update the event status to sold out
-        if ($all_expired) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        $spaces_remaining = $this->spaces_remaining($tickets);
-        if ($spaces_remaining < 1) {
-            if ($this->status() !== EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
-                $this->set_status(EEM_Event::sold_out);
-                $this->save();
-            }
-            $sold_out = true;
-        } else {
-            $sold_out = false;
-            // was event previously marked as sold out ?
-            if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                // revert status to previous value, if it was set
-                $previous_event_status = $this->get_post_meta('_previous_event_status', true);
-                if ($previous_event_status) {
-                    $this->set_status($previous_event_status);
-                    $this->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__perform_sold_out_status_check__end', $this, $sold_out, $spaces_remaining, $tickets);
-        return $sold_out;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total remaining spaces for sale on this event.
-     *
-     * @uses EE_Event::total_available_spaces()
-     * @return float|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining_for_sale()
-    {
-        return $this->total_available_spaces(true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total spaces available for an event
-     * while considering all the qtys on the tickets and the reg limits
-     * on the datetimes attached to this event.
-     *
-     * @param   bool $consider_sold Whether to consider any tickets that have already sold in our calculation.
-     *                              If this is false, then we return the most tickets that could ever be sold
-     *                              for this event with the datetime and tickets setup on the event under optimal
-     *                              selling conditions.  Otherwise we return a live calculation of spaces available
-     *                              based on tickets sold.  Depending on setup and stage of sales, this
-     *                              may appear to equal remaining tickets.  However, the more tickets are
-     *                              sold out, the more accurate the "live" total is.
-     * @return float|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function total_available_spaces($consider_sold = false)
-    {
-        $spaces_available = $consider_sold
-            ? $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining()
-            : $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->totalSpacesAvailable();
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE_EE_Event__total_available_spaces__spaces_available',
-            $spaces_available,
-            $this,
-            $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getDatetimes(),
-            $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getActiveTickets()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is set to sold out
-     *
-     * @param  bool $actual whether or not to perform calculations to not only figure the
-     *                      actual status but also to flip the status if necessary to sold
-     *                      out If false, we just check the existing status of the event
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_sold_out($actual = false)
-    {
-        if (! $actual) {
-            return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
-        }
-        return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is marked as postponed
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_postponed()
-    {
-        return $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is marked as cancelled
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_cancelled()
-    {
-        return $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the logical active status in a hierarchical order for all the datetimes.  Note
-     * Basically, we order the datetimes by EVT_start_date.  Then first test on whether the event is published.  If its
-     * NOT published then we test for whether its expired or not.  IF it IS published then we test first on whether an
-     * event has any active dates.  If no active dates then we check for any upcoming dates.  If no upcoming dates then
-     * the event is considered expired.
-     * NOTE: this method does NOT calculate whether the datetimes are sold out when event is published.  Sold Out is a
-     * status set on the EVENT when it is not published and thus is done
-     *
-     * @param bool $reset
-     * @return bool | string - based on EE_Datetime active constants or FALSE if error.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_active_status($reset = false)
-    {
-        // if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
-        if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
-            return $this->_active_status;
-        }
-        // first check if event id is present on this object
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $where_params_for_event = array(array('EVT_ID' => $this->ID()));
-        // if event is published:
-        if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_publish || $this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
-            // active?
-            if (
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                    EE_Datetime::active,
-                    $where_params_for_event
-                ) > 0
-            ) {
-                $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::active;
-            } else {
-                // upcoming?
-                if (
-                    EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                        EE_Datetime::upcoming,
-                        $where_params_for_event
-                    ) > 0
-                ) {
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::upcoming;
-                } else {
-                    // expired?
-                    if (
-                        EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                            EE_Datetime::expired,
-                            $where_params_for_event
-                        ) > 0
-                    ) {
-                        $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::expired;
-                    } else {
-                        // it would be odd if things make it this far because it basically means there are no datetime's
-                        // attached to the event.  So in this case it will just be considered inactive.
-                        $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // the event is not published, so let's just set it's active status according to its' post status
-            switch ($this->status()) {
-                case EEM_Event::sold_out:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::sold_out;
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Event::cancelled:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::cancelled;
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Event::postponed:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::postponed;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_active_status;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    pretty_active_status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param boolean $echo whether to return (FALSE), or echo out the result (TRUE)
-     * @return mixed void|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_active_status($echo = true)
-    {
-        $active_status = $this->get_active_status();
-        $status = '<span class="ee-status event-active-status-' . esc_attr($active_status) . '">'
-                  . EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence')
-                  . '</span>';
-        if ($echo) {
-            echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $status; // already escaped
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $tkt_sold = 0;
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                $tkt_sold += $datetime->sold();
-            }
-        }
-        return $tkt_sold;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns a count of all the registrations for this event
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_count_of_all_registrations()
-    {
-        return EEM_Event::instance()->count_related($this, 'Registration');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the ticket with the earliest start time that is
-     * available for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_with_earliest_start_time()
-    {
-        $where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        $query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_start_date' => 'ASC'));
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the ticket with the latest end time that is available
-     * for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_with_latest_end_time()
-    {
-        $where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        $query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_end_date' => 'DESC'));
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the number of different ticket types currently on sale for this event.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function countTicketsOnSale()
-    {
-        $where = array(
-            'Datetime.EVT_ID' => $this->ID(),
-            'TKT_start_date'  => array('<', time()),
-            'TKT_end_date'    => array('>', time()),
-        );
-        return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count(array($where));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns whether there are any tickets on sale for this event.
-     *
-     * @return bool true = YES tickets on sale.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets_on_sale()
-    {
-        return $this->countTicketsOnSale() > 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the URL for viewing this event on the front-end. Overrides parent
-     * to check for an external URL first
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_permalink()
-    {
-        if ($this->external_url()) {
-            return $this->external_url();
-        }
-        return parent::get_permalink();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first term for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Term|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function first_event_category($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        return EEM_Term::instance()->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all terms for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Term[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_all_event_categories($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        return EEM_Term::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a question group to this event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
-     * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be added for the primary
-     *                                           registrant, if false will be added for others. default: false
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
-    {
-        // If the row already exists, it will be updated. If it doesn't, it will be inserted.
-        // That's in EE_HABTM_Relation::add_relation_to().
-        return $this->_add_relation_to(
-            $question_group_id_or_obj,
-            'Question_Group',
-            [
-                EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary) => true
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a question group from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
-     * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be removed from the primary
-     *                                           registrant, if false will be removed from others. default: false
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function remove_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
-    {
-        // If the question group is used for the other type (primary or additional)
-        // then just update it. If not, delete it outright.
-        $existing_relation = $this->get_first_related(
-            'Event_Question_Group',
-            [
-                [
-                    'QSG_ID' => EEM_Question_Group::instance()->ensure_is_ID($question_group_id_or_obj)
-                ]
-            ]
-        );
-        $field_to_update = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
-        $other_field = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
-        if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
-            // Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
-            return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
-        }
-        // Just update it. They'll still use this question group for the other category
-        $existing_relation->save(
-            [
-                $field_to_update => false
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the question groups, ordering them by QSG_order ascending
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Question_Group[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function question_groups($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $query_params = ! empty($query_params) ? $query_params : array('order_by' => array('QSG_order' => 'ASC'));
-        return $this->get_many_related('Question_Group', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_icon()
-    {
-        return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-flag"></span>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_admin_details_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error*@throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     */
-    public function get_admin_edit_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'edit',
-                'post'   => $this->ID(),
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_admin_settings_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'default_event_settings',
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_admin_overview_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'default',
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * cached value for the the logical active status for the event
+	 *
+	 * @see get_active_status()
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_active_status = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * This is just used for caching the Primary Datetime for the Event on initial retrieval
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Datetime
+	 */
+	protected $_Primary_Datetime;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EventSpacesCalculator $available_spaces_calculator
+	 */
+	protected $available_spaces_calculator;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EventSpacesCalculator
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator()
+	{
+		if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
+			$this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
+		}
+		return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent set() method so that all calls to set( 'status', $status ) can be routed to internal methods
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		switch ($field_name) {
+			case 'status':
+				$this->set_status($field_value, $use_default);
+				break;
+			default:
+				parent::set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_status
+	 * Checks if event status is being changed to SOLD OUT
+	 * and updates event meta data with previous event status
+	 * so that we can revert things if/when the event is no longer sold out
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $new_status
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_status($new_status = null, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if nothing is set, and we aren't explicitly wanting to reset the status, then just leave
+		if (empty($new_status) && ! $use_default) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// get current Event status
+		$old_status = $this->status();
+		// if status has changed
+		if ($old_status !== $new_status) {
+			// TO sold_out
+			if ($new_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				// save the previous event status so that we can revert if the event is no longer sold out
+				$this->add_post_meta('_previous_event_status', $old_status);
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__to_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
+				// OR FROM  sold_out
+			} elseif ($old_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				$this->delete_post_meta('_previous_event_status');
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__from_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
+			}
+			// clear out the active status so that it gets reset the next time it is requested
+			$this->_active_status = null;
+			// update status
+			parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__after_update', $this);
+			return;
+		}
+		// even though the old value matches the new value, it's still good to
+		// allow the parent set method to have a say
+		parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by DTT_EVT_start in ascending order
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_in_chronological_order()
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', array('order_by' => array('DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC')));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by the DTT_order on the datetime.
+	 * @darren, we should probably UNSET timezone on the EEM_Datetime model
+	 * after running our query, so that this timezone isn't set for EVERY query
+	 * on EEM_Datetime for the rest of the request, no?
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $show_expired whether or not to include expired events
+	 * @param boolean $show_deleted whether or not to include deleted events
+	 * @param null    $limit
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false, $limit = null)
+	{
+		return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_event_ordered_by_DTT_order(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$show_expired,
+			$show_deleted,
+			$limit
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns one related datetime. Mostly only used by some legacy code.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function first_datetime()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Datetime');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the 'primary' datetime for the event
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $try_to_exclude_expired
+	 * @param bool $try_to_exclude_deleted
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function primary_datetime($try_to_exclude_expired = true, $try_to_exclude_deleted = true)
+	{
+		if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
+			return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
+		}
+		$this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$try_to_exclude_expired,
+			$try_to_exclude_deleted
+		);
+		return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tickets available for purchase of this event
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tickets($query_params = array())
+	{
+		// first get all datetimes
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
+		if (! $datetimes) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		$datetime_ids = array();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			$datetime_ids[] = $datetime->ID();
+		}
+		$where_params = array('Datetime.DTT_ID' => array('IN', $datetime_ids));
+		// if incoming $query_params has where conditions let's merge but not override existing.
+		if (is_array($query_params) && isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$where_params = array_merge($query_params[0], $where_params);
+			unset($query_params[0]);
+		}
+		// now add $where_params to $query_params
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get all unexpired untrashed tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function active_tickets()
+	{
+		return $this->tickets(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'TKT_end_date' => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
+					'TKT_deleted'  => false,
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function additional_limit()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_additional_limit');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function allow_overflow()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_allow_overflow');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function created()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_created');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Runs do_shortcode and wpautop on the description
+	 *
+	 * @return string of html
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description_filtered()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('EVT_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_display_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_ticket_selector()
+	{
+		return (bool) $this->get('EVT_display_ticket_selector');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function external_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_external_URL');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function member_only()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_member_only');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function phone()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function modified()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_modified');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function order()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function default_registration_status()
+	{
+		$event_default_registration_status = $this->get('EVT_default_registration_status');
+		return ! empty($event_default_registration_status)
+			? $event_default_registration_status
+			: EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int  $num_words
+	 * @param null $more
+	 * @param bool $not_full_desc
+	 * @return bool|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function short_description($num_words = 55, $more = null, $not_full_desc = false)
+	{
+		$short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
+		if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
+			return $short_desc;
+		}
+		$full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
+		return wp_trim_words($full_desc, $num_words, $more);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function slug()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_slug');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function timezone_string()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_timezone_string');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function visible_on()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_visible_on');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_wp_user');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function donations()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_donations');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $limit
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_additional_limit($limit)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_additional_limit', $limit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $created
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_created($created)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_created', $created);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_description($desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_desc', $desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $display_desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_display_description($display_desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_display_desc', $display_desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $display_ticket_selector
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_display_ticket_selector($display_ticket_selector)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_display_ticket_selector', $display_ticket_selector);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $external_url
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_external_url($external_url)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_external_URL', $external_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $member_only
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_member_only($member_only)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_member_only', $member_only);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $event_phone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_event_phone($event_phone)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_phone', $event_phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $modified
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_modified($modified)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_modified', $modified);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $order
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_order($order)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_order', $order);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $short_desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_short_description($short_desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_short_desc', $short_desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $slug
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_slug($slug)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_slug', $slug);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $timezone_string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone_string($timezone_string)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_timezone_string', $timezone_string);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $visible_on
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_visible_on($visible_on)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_visible_on', $visible_on);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $wp_user
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_wp_user($wp_user)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_wp_user', $wp_user);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $default_registration_status
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_default_registration_status($default_registration_status)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_default_registration_status', $default_registration_status);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $donations
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_donations($donations)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_donations', $donations);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a venue to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj)
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a venue from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj)
+	{
+		return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the venues related ot the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Venue[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function venues($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Venue', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * check if event id is present and if event is published
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return boolean true yes, false no
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _has_ID_and_is_published()
+	{
+		// first check if event id is present and not NULL,
+		// then check if this event is published (or any of the equivalent "published" statuses)
+		return
+			$this->ID() && $this->ID() !== null
+			&& (
+				$this->status() === 'publish'
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled
+			);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dates with NOW and determines if the event is upcoming or not.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return boolean true yes, false no
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_upcoming()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$upcoming = false;
+		// next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be upcoming.
+				if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// if this dtt is active then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_active()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check upcoming status
+				$upcoming = $datetime->is_upcoming();
+			}
+		}
+		return $upcoming;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_active()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$active = false;
+		// next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be active.
+				if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// if this dtt is upcoming then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_upcoming()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check active status
+				$active = $datetime->is_active();
+			}
+		}
+		return $active;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_expired()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$expired = false;
+		// first let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is upcoming or active then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_upcoming() || $datetime->is_active()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check active status
+				$expired = $datetime->is_expired();
+			}
+		}
+		return $expired;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_inactive()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->_has_ID_and_is_published()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
+	 *
+	 * @param array $tickets
+	 * @param bool  $filtered
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining($tickets = array(), $filtered = true)
+	{
+		$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->setActiveTickets($tickets);
+		$spaces_remaining = $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining();
+		return $filtered
+			? apply_filters(
+				'FHEE_EE_Event__spaces_remaining',
+				$spaces_remaining,
+				$this,
+				$tickets
+			)
+			: $spaces_remaining;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    perform_sold_out_status_check
+	 *    checks all of this events's datetime  reg_limit - sold values to determine if ANY datetimes have spaces
+	 *    available... if NOT, then the event status will get toggled to 'sold_out'
+	 *
+	 * @return bool    return the ACTUAL sold out state.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function perform_sold_out_status_check()
+	{
+		// get all tickets
+		$tickets = $this->tickets(
+			array(
+				'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
+				'order_by' => array('TKT_qty' => 'ASC'),
+			)
+		);
+		$all_expired = true;
+		foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
+			if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
+				$all_expired = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		// if all the tickets are just expired, then don't update the event status to sold out
+		if ($all_expired) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		$spaces_remaining = $this->spaces_remaining($tickets);
+		if ($spaces_remaining < 1) {
+			if ($this->status() !== EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
+				$this->set_status(EEM_Event::sold_out);
+				$this->save();
+			}
+			$sold_out = true;
+		} else {
+			$sold_out = false;
+			// was event previously marked as sold out ?
+			if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				// revert status to previous value, if it was set
+				$previous_event_status = $this->get_post_meta('_previous_event_status', true);
+				if ($previous_event_status) {
+					$this->set_status($previous_event_status);
+					$this->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__perform_sold_out_status_check__end', $this, $sold_out, $spaces_remaining, $tickets);
+		return $sold_out;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total remaining spaces for sale on this event.
+	 *
+	 * @uses EE_Event::total_available_spaces()
+	 * @return float|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining_for_sale()
+	{
+		return $this->total_available_spaces(true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total spaces available for an event
+	 * while considering all the qtys on the tickets and the reg limits
+	 * on the datetimes attached to this event.
+	 *
+	 * @param   bool $consider_sold Whether to consider any tickets that have already sold in our calculation.
+	 *                              If this is false, then we return the most tickets that could ever be sold
+	 *                              for this event with the datetime and tickets setup on the event under optimal
+	 *                              selling conditions.  Otherwise we return a live calculation of spaces available
+	 *                              based on tickets sold.  Depending on setup and stage of sales, this
+	 *                              may appear to equal remaining tickets.  However, the more tickets are
+	 *                              sold out, the more accurate the "live" total is.
+	 * @return float|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function total_available_spaces($consider_sold = false)
+	{
+		$spaces_available = $consider_sold
+			? $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining()
+			: $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->totalSpacesAvailable();
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE_EE_Event__total_available_spaces__spaces_available',
+			$spaces_available,
+			$this,
+			$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getDatetimes(),
+			$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getActiveTickets()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is set to sold out
+	 *
+	 * @param  bool $actual whether or not to perform calculations to not only figure the
+	 *                      actual status but also to flip the status if necessary to sold
+	 *                      out If false, we just check the existing status of the event
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_sold_out($actual = false)
+	{
+		if (! $actual) {
+			return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
+		}
+		return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is marked as postponed
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_postponed()
+	{
+		return $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is marked as cancelled
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_cancelled()
+	{
+		return $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the logical active status in a hierarchical order for all the datetimes.  Note
+	 * Basically, we order the datetimes by EVT_start_date.  Then first test on whether the event is published.  If its
+	 * NOT published then we test for whether its expired or not.  IF it IS published then we test first on whether an
+	 * event has any active dates.  If no active dates then we check for any upcoming dates.  If no upcoming dates then
+	 * the event is considered expired.
+	 * NOTE: this method does NOT calculate whether the datetimes are sold out when event is published.  Sold Out is a
+	 * status set on the EVENT when it is not published and thus is done
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $reset
+	 * @return bool | string - based on EE_Datetime active constants or FALSE if error.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_active_status($reset = false)
+	{
+		// if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
+		if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
+			return $this->_active_status;
+		}
+		// first check if event id is present on this object
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$where_params_for_event = array(array('EVT_ID' => $this->ID()));
+		// if event is published:
+		if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_publish || $this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
+			// active?
+			if (
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+					EE_Datetime::active,
+					$where_params_for_event
+				) > 0
+			) {
+				$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::active;
+			} else {
+				// upcoming?
+				if (
+					EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+						EE_Datetime::upcoming,
+						$where_params_for_event
+					) > 0
+				) {
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::upcoming;
+				} else {
+					// expired?
+					if (
+						EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+							EE_Datetime::expired,
+							$where_params_for_event
+						) > 0
+					) {
+						$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::expired;
+					} else {
+						// it would be odd if things make it this far because it basically means there are no datetime's
+						// attached to the event.  So in this case it will just be considered inactive.
+						$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// the event is not published, so let's just set it's active status according to its' post status
+			switch ($this->status()) {
+				case EEM_Event::sold_out:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::sold_out;
+					break;
+				case EEM_Event::cancelled:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::cancelled;
+					break;
+				case EEM_Event::postponed:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::postponed;
+					break;
+				default:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_active_status;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    pretty_active_status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param boolean $echo whether to return (FALSE), or echo out the result (TRUE)
+	 * @return mixed void|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_active_status($echo = true)
+	{
+		$active_status = $this->get_active_status();
+		$status = '<span class="ee-status event-active-status-' . esc_attr($active_status) . '">'
+				  . EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence')
+				  . '</span>';
+		if ($echo) {
+			echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $status; // already escaped
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$tkt_sold = 0;
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				$tkt_sold += $datetime->sold();
+			}
+		}
+		return $tkt_sold;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns a count of all the registrations for this event
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_count_of_all_registrations()
+	{
+		return EEM_Event::instance()->count_related($this, 'Registration');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the ticket with the earliest start time that is
+	 * available for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_with_earliest_start_time()
+	{
+		$where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		$query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_start_date' => 'ASC'));
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the ticket with the latest end time that is available
+	 * for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_with_latest_end_time()
+	{
+		$where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		$query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_end_date' => 'DESC'));
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the number of different ticket types currently on sale for this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function countTicketsOnSale()
+	{
+		$where = array(
+			'Datetime.EVT_ID' => $this->ID(),
+			'TKT_start_date'  => array('<', time()),
+			'TKT_end_date'    => array('>', time()),
+		);
+		return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count(array($where));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns whether there are any tickets on sale for this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool true = YES tickets on sale.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets_on_sale()
+	{
+		return $this->countTicketsOnSale() > 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the URL for viewing this event on the front-end. Overrides parent
+	 * to check for an external URL first
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_permalink()
+	{
+		if ($this->external_url()) {
+			return $this->external_url();
+		}
+		return parent::get_permalink();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first term for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Term|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function first_event_category($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		return EEM_Term::instance()->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all terms for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Term[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_all_event_categories($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		return EEM_Term::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a question group to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
+	 * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be added for the primary
+	 *                                           registrant, if false will be added for others. default: false
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
+	{
+		// If the row already exists, it will be updated. If it doesn't, it will be inserted.
+		// That's in EE_HABTM_Relation::add_relation_to().
+		return $this->_add_relation_to(
+			$question_group_id_or_obj,
+			'Question_Group',
+			[
+				EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary) => true
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a question group from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
+	 * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be removed from the primary
+	 *                                           registrant, if false will be removed from others. default: false
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function remove_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
+	{
+		// If the question group is used for the other type (primary or additional)
+		// then just update it. If not, delete it outright.
+		$existing_relation = $this->get_first_related(
+			'Event_Question_Group',
+			[
+				[
+					'QSG_ID' => EEM_Question_Group::instance()->ensure_is_ID($question_group_id_or_obj)
+				]
+			]
+		);
+		$field_to_update = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
+		$other_field = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
+		if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
+			// Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
+			return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
+		}
+		// Just update it. They'll still use this question group for the other category
+		$existing_relation->save(
+			[
+				$field_to_update => false
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the question groups, ordering them by QSG_order ascending
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Question_Group[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function question_groups($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$query_params = ! empty($query_params) ? $query_params : array('order_by' => array('QSG_order' => 'ASC'));
+		return $this->get_many_related('Question_Group', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_icon()
+	{
+		return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-flag"></span>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_details_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error*@throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_edit_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'edit',
+				'post'   => $this->ID(),
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_settings_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'default_event_settings',
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_overview_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'default',
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Base_Class.class.php

Indentation +3347 added lines, -3347 removed lines

@@ -14,3363 +14,3363 @@
 abstract class EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
-     * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
-     * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
-     * which values to override and which to not override.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
-     * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
-     * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
-     * access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-    /**
-     * date format
-     * pattern or format for displaying dates
-     *
-     * @var string $_dt_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_dt_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * time format
-     * pattern or format for displaying time
-     *
-     * @var string $_tm_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_tm_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
-     * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
-     * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
-     * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cached_properties = array();
-
-    /**
-     * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
-     * single
-     * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
-     * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
-     * all others have an array)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
-     * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
-     * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
-     * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
-     * it would be a bug.
-     */
-    protected $_allow_persist = true;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
-     */
-    protected $_has_changes = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected $_model;
-
-    /**
-     * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
-     * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
-     * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
-     * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
-     * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
-     * array as:
-     * array(
-     *  'Registration_Count' => 24
-     * );
-     * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
-     * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
-     * info)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $custom_selection_results = array();
-
-
-    /**
-     * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
-     * play nice
-     *
-     * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
-     *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
-     *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
-     * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
-     *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
-     * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
-     *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
-     * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
-     *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
-     *                                                         format.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
-        // ensure $fieldValues is an array
-        $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
-        // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
-        foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $field_name,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-            list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
-        } else {
-            // set default formats for date and time
-            $this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
-            $this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
-        }
-        // if db model is instantiating
-        if ($bydb) {
-            // client code has indicated these field values are from the database
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set_from_db(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
-                );
-            }
-        } else {
-            // we're constructing a brand
-            // new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // remember what values were passed to this constructor
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
-        // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        // setup all the relations
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-            } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action done at the end of each model object construction
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function allow_persist()
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
-     * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
-     * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $allow_persist
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
-     * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_original($field_name)
-    {
-        if (
-            isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
-            && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
-        ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_class($obj)
-    {
-        return get_class($obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param    string $field_name
-     * @param    mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool      $use_default
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
-        // then don't do anything
-        if (
-            ! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
-            && $this->ID()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $this->_has_changes = true;
-        $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                $field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-                $field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-            }
-            $holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
-            // should the value be null?
-            if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                /**
-                 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
-                 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
-                 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
-                 * object.
-                 *
-                 * @since 4.6.10+
-                 */
-                if (
-                    $field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
-                    && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
-                    && ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-                ) {
-                    empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
-                        ? $this->set($field_name, time())
-                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
-            }
-            // if we're not in the constructor...
-            // now check if what we set was a primary key
-            if (
+	/**
+	 * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
+	 * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
+	 * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
+	 * which values to override and which to not override.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
+	 * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
+	 * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
+	 * access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+	/**
+	 * date format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying dates
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_dt_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_dt_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * time format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying time
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_tm_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_tm_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
+	 * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
+	 * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
+	 * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cached_properties = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
+	 * single
+	 * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
+	 * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
+	 * all others have an array)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
+	 * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
+	 * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
+	 * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
+	 * it would be a bug.
+	 */
+	protected $_allow_persist = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
+	 */
+	protected $_has_changes = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_model;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
+	 * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
+	 * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
+	 * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
+	 * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
+	 * array as:
+	 * array(
+	 *  'Registration_Count' => 24
+	 * );
+	 * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
+	 * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
+	 * info)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $custom_selection_results = array();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
+	 * play nice
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
+	 *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
+	 *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
+	 * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
+	 *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
+	 * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
+	 *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
+	 * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
+	 *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
+	 *                                                         format.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
+		// ensure $fieldValues is an array
+		$fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
+		// verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
+		foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$field_name,
+						get_class($this),
+						implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+			list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
+		} else {
+			// set default formats for date and time
+			$this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
+			$this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
+		}
+		// if db model is instantiating
+		if ($bydb) {
+			// client code has indicated these field values are from the database
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set_from_db(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
+				);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// we're constructing a brand
+			// new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// remember what values were passed to this constructor
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
+		// remember in entity mapper
+		if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		// setup all the relations
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+			} else {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action done at the end of each model object construction
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function allow_persist()
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
+	 * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
+	 * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $allow_persist
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
+	 * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_original($field_name)
+	{
+		if (
+			isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+			&& $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
+		) {
+			return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_class($obj)
+	{
+		return get_class($obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $field_name
+	 * @param    mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool      $use_default
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
+		// then don't do anything
+		if (
+			! $use_default
+			&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+			&& $this->ID()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$this->_has_changes = true;
+		$field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				$field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+				$field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+			}
+			$holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
+			// should the value be null?
+			if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				/**
+				 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
+				 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
+				 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
+				 * object.
+				 *
+				 * @since 4.6.10+
+				 */
+				if (
+					$field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
+					&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
+					&& ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+				) {
+					empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
+						? $this->set($field_name, time())
+						: $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
+			}
+			// if we're not in the constructor...
+			// now check if what we set was a primary key
+			if (
 // note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
-                $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-                && $field_value
-                && $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
-            ) {
-                // if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
-                // what we've explicitly set on this model
-                // or what we have in the db
-                // echo "setting primary key!";
-                $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
-                $obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
-                foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                    if (
-                        ! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
-                        && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
-                    ) {
-                        $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
-                    }
-                }
-                // oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
-                $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-            }
-            // let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set custom select values for model.
-     *
-     * @param array $custom_select_values
-     */
-    public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
-    {
-        $this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
-     * If not set, returns null.
-     *
-     * @param string $alias
-     * @return string|int|float|null
-     */
-    public function getCustomSelect($alias)
-    {
-        return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
-            ? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
-     * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
-     *
-     * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
-     * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
-     * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
-     * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $this->set($field_name, $field_value);
-            return true;
-        }
-        // ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
-        $this->save();
-        return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
-     * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
-     * Example Usage:
-     * Via EE_Message child class:
-     * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
-     * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
-     * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
-     * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
-     * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
-     * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $column_value = $this->get($field_name);
-        } else {
-            // This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
-            $column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
-        }
-        return $column_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
-     * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
-     * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
-     * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
-    {
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        // make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-        // make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
-        $model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string timezone string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
-     * internally instead of wp set date format options
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_date_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
-     * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_time_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
-     *
-     * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
-     *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
-     * @return mixed string|array
-     */
-    public function get_format($full = true)
-    {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * cache
-     * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
-     * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
-     *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
-     *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
-     * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
-     *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
-     *                                       related thing, no array)
-     */
-    public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
-    {
-        // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // how many things are related ?
-        if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
-            // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
-            // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
-            $return = true;
-        } else {
-            // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
-            // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
-            // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
-            // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
-                // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
-                // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-                                                           instanceof
-                                                           EE_Base_Class
-                    ? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
-            }
-            // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
-                // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
-                // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $cache_id;
-            } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
-                // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $object_to_cache->ID();
-            } else {
-                // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
-                // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-                // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-            }
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
-     * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
-     * @param string|null $cache_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
-    {
-        // first make sure this property exists
-        $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
-     * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
-     *                                 to define how to output the property.
-     *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
-     * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        // verify the field exists
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
-        }
-        $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        // If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
-        }
-        $value = $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
-     * @param bool               $pretty
-     * @param null               $date_or_time
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
-        EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
-        $pretty = false,
-        $date_or_time = null
-    ) {
-        $datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
-        $datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
-        // set the output returned
-        switch ($date_or_time) {
-            case 'D':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
-                break;
-            case 'T':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
-                break;
-            default:
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_properties()
-    {
-        $this->_cached_properties = array();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
-     *
-     * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
-    {
-        $other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
-     * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
-     * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
-     * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
-     *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
-     * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
-     *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
-     *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
-     * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
-     *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
-     *                                                     relation from all
-     */
-    public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
-    {
-        $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        $index_in_cache = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($clear_all) {
-            $obj_removed = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } else {
-            if (
-                $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-            ) {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (
-                    is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
-                ) {
-                    $index_found_at = null;
-                    // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
-                        /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                        if (
-                            $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                            && (
-                                $obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
-                                || $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $index_found_at = $index;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($index_found_at) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
-                    } else {
-                        // it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
-                        // if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
-                        return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-                    }
-                }
-            } elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
-                    /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                    if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-            }
-            // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
-            // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
-            } else {
-                // that thing was never cached anyways.
-                $obj_removed = null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $obj_removed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_cache_after_object_save
-     * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
-     * obtained after being saved to the db
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
-     * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
-     * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_cache_after_object_save(
-        $relationName,
-        EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
-        $current_cache_id = ''
-    ) {
-        // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
-        if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
-            /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
-            // now get the type of relation
-            $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-            // if this is a 1:1 relationship
-            if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-                // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
-            }
-            if (
-                is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
-            ) {
-                // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
-                // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-            ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-            : null;
-        if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
-            return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
-        }
-        return $cached_array_or_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
-     */
-    public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
-        // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
-        $objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
-        // bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
-        // basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
-        // already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
-        // otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
-        // EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
-        foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
-                if ($model_object->ID()) {
-                    $model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $relationName,
-                        gettype($model_object)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
-            // eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
-            // entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
-            // are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
-            if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
-                if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
-                    // if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
-                    $field_value = null;
-                } else {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
-            }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
-     */
-    public function get_raw($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
-     * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
-     * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
-     *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
-     *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
-     *                                         this field is nullable).
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
-     * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
-     * can be easily used as the value of form input.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function f($field_name)
-    {
-        $this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_f($field_name)
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
-     * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
-     * to see what options are available.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
-     * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
-     * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
-     * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
-     *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
-     *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
-     * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
-     * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
-     * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
-     * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
-     *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
-    {
-        // clear cached property
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        // reset format properties because they are used in get()
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        if ($echo) {
-            $this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @return string            datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
-     * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
-     * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
-     *                           on the object will be used.
-     * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                           field name.
-     */
-    public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
-        return date_i18n(
-            $format,
-            EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
-                $this->get_raw($field_name),
-                $this->_timezone
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
-     * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
-     * thrown.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Field
-     */
-    protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        // check if field is dtt
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            return $field;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $field_name,
-                self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
-     * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
-     * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
-     * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
-     * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
-     */
-    /**
-     * sets the time on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the date on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
-     * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
-     * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
-     *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
-        $field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-        $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                $this->_has_changes = true;
-                break;
-            case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                $this->_has_changes = true;
-                break;
-            case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
-                $this->_has_changes = true;
-                break;
-        }
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
-     * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
-     * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
-     * that could lead to some unexpected results!
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
-     *                                         value being returned.
-     * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
-     * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
-     * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
-     * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string timestamp
-     */
-    public function display_in_my_timezone(
-        $field_name,
-        $callback = 'get_datetime',
-        $args = null,
-        $prepend = '',
-        $append = ''
-    ) {
-        $timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
-        if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn = (array) $field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $callback
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $args = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
-        $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object.
-     * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
-     * override
-     * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
-     *
-     * @return boolean | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
-        $result = $this->_delete();
-        /**
-         * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
-     * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
-     * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
-     * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object permanently from db
-     * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
-     *
-     * @return bool | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
-        $this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
-        /**
-         * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
-     * related model objects
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
-                    // but let's make it consistent
-                    $related_objects = array($related_objects);
-                }
-                foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
-                    // only refresh their cache if they're in memory
-                    if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                        $related_object->clear_cache(
-                            $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                            $this
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
-     * object just before saving.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param array $set_cols_n_values  keys are field names, values are their new values,
-     *                                  if provided during the save() method
-     *                                  (often client code will change the fields' values before calling save)
-     * @return false|int|string         1 on a successful update;
-     *                                  the ID of the new entry on insert;
-     *                                  0 on failure, or if the model object isn't allowed to persist
-     *                                  (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
-         *
-         * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
-         */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
-            $set_cols_n_values,
-            $this
-        );
-        // set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
-        foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
-            $this->set($column, $value);
-        }
-        // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /**
-         * Saving a model object.
-         * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // now get current attribute values
-        $save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
-        // if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
-        // also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
-        // They have been
-        $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
-            ->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-        // does this model have an autoincrement PK?
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    if ($results) {
-                        // if successful, set the primary key
-                        // but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
-                        // an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
-                        // will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
-                        // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
-                        // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
-                        $pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
-                        $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
-                        $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-                        $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
-                // so check if one like it already exists in the db
-                if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
-                    if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
-                                '<br />'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {// there is NO primary key
-            $already_in_db = false;
-            foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
-                $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
-                if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
-                    $already_in_db = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if ($already_in_db) {
-                $combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-                );
-                $results = $model->update(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $combined_pk_fields_n_values
-                );
-            } else {
-                $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-            }
-        }
-        // restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-            $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
-        );
-        /**
-         * After saving the model object this action is called
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
-         * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
-         *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
-        $this->_has_changes = false;
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
-     * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
-     * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
-     * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
-     * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
-     * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
-     * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
-                    $fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
-                        $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    );
-                    $related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
-                    if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
-                        $related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
-     * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
-     * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
-     * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
-     * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
-     * and this object and properly setup
-     *
-     * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
-    {
-        // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $id = $this->save();
-        } else {
-            $id = $this->ID();
-        }
-        // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
-        foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
-                // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
-                // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
-                /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
-                if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                    // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-                    // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                    $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                    $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                    // }
-                } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
-                        // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                        // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                        // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                        $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                        $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                        // }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * for getting a model while instantiated.
-     *
-     * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_model()
-    {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
-            $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
-            $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
-        } else {
-            $this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        }
-        return $this->_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $props_n_values
-     * @param $classname
-     * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
-    {
-        // TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
-        $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-        if (
-            array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-        ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
-            return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
-     * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
-     * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
-     * we return false.
-     *
-     * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
-     * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
-     * @param null    $timezone
-     * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $existing = null;
-        $model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-            if (
-                array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-            ) {
-                $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
-            // no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
-            $existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
-                self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
-                    ->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
-            );
-        }
-        if ($existing) {
-            // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-                $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-            } else {
-                // set default formats for date and time
-                $existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
-                $existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
-            }
-            foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
-                $existing->set($property, $field_value);
-            }
-            return $existing;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
-     *
-     * @access public now, as this is more convenient
-     * @param      $classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
-        return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null   $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        $model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
-        $model->set_timezone($timezone);
-        return $model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
-     * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
-     *
-     * @param null $model_name
-     * @return string like EEM_Attendee
-     */
-    private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
-    {
-        if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
-            $model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
-        } else {
-            $model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-        }
-        return $model_classname;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the name of the primary key attribute
-     *
-     * @param null $classname
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
-    {
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of the primary key.
-     * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
-     * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
-     * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
-     *
-     * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
-     * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
-     *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
-     *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
-     *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
-     *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
-     *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
-     *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
-     * @param null   $cache_id
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-            );
-            // clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
-            if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
-            $this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            // fix the reciprocal relation too
-            if ($otherObject->ID()) {
-                // its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
-                // clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                    null,
-                    true
-                );
-            } else {
-                // it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
-                $otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
-     * from the cache
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
-     *                to the DB yet
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
-     *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
-     *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
-     *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
-     *                deleted.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObject
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-            );
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                $this
-            );
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query_params
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        }
-        if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
-            foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $this
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObjects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
-     * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
-     * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
-     *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
-     *                             results if you want IDs
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
-            // if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
-            if ($query_params) {
-                $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // did we already cache the result of this query?
-                $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    // if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
-                    // for that relation. We can cache them then.
-                    foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
-                        $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $cached_results;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
-            $related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-        }
-        return $related_model_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->count_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_count,
-            $distinct
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params  @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
-     *                              By default, uses primary key
-     *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_sum
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
-            // if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
-            // also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
-            // on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
-            if (
-                $query_params
-                || ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
-                     instanceof
-                     EE_Belongs_To_Relation
-            ) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
-                $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
-                    $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_object = $cached_result;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $related_model_object = null;
-            // this doesn't exist in the Db,
-            // but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
-            if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            }
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
-            // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
-                $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-            }
-        }
-        return $related_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
-     * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
-     * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        }
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
-     * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
-     * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-        }
-        $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * is_set
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @param  string $field_name property to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
-     */
-    public function is_set($field_name)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
-     * EE_Error exception if they don't
-     *
-     * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
-     */
-    protected function _property_exists($properties)
-    {
-        foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
-            // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $property_name
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function model_field_array()
-    {
-        $fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        $properties = array();
-        // remove prepended underscore
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
-        }
-        return $properties;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
-     * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
-     * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
-     * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
-     * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
-     * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
-     * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
-     * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
-     * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
-     *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
-     *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     *      }
-     * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
-     * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
-     * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
-     * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @param mixed  $previous_value
-     * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
-     *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($previous_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
-            return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
-        }
-        foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
-            $existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
-        }
-        return count($existing_rows_like_that);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
-     * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
-     * extra meta row was entered, false if not
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param mixed   $meta_value
-     * @param boolean $unique
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
-    {
-        if ($unique) {
-            $existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
-                array(
-                    array(
-                        'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                        'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                        'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    ),
-                )
-            );
-            if ($existing_extra_meta) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        $new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
-                'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
-                'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            )
-        );
-        $new_extra_meta->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
-     * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($meta_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
-     * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
-     * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param boolean $single
-     * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
-     * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
-    {
-        if ($single) {
-            $result = $this->get_first_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                return $result->value();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $results = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($results) {
-                $values = array();
-                foreach ($results as $result) {
-                    if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
-                    }
-                }
-                return $values;
-            }
-        }
-        // if nothing discovered yet return default.
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
-            $default,
-            $meta_key,
-            $single,
-            $this
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
-     * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
-     * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
-     * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
-     * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
-     * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
-     * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
-     * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
-     *
-     * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
-    {
-        $return_array = array();
-        if ($one_of_each_key) {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
-            );
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
-                    }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $return_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        // find a field that's not a text field
-        $field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
-        if ($field_we_can_use) {
-            return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
-        }
-        $first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
-        $first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
-        $name_parts = array();
-        foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
-            $name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
-        }
-        return implode(',', $name_parts);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * in_entity_map
-     * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function in_entity_map()
-    {
-        // well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
-        return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_from_db
-     * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
-     * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
-     */
-    public function refresh_from_db()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
-            $this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
-        } else {
-            // if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
-            // if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
-            // that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
-            // absolutely nothing in it for this ID
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Change $fields' values to $new_value_sql (which is a string of raw SQL)
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $fields
-     * @param string $new_value_sql
-     *      example: 'column_name=123',
-     *      or 'column_name=column_name+1',
-     *      or 'column_name= CASE
-     *          WHEN (`column_name` + `other_column` + 5) <= `yet_another_column`
-     *          THEN `column_name` + 5
-     *          ELSE `column_name`
-     *      END'
-     *      Also updates $field on this model object with the latest value from the database.
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function updateFieldsInDB($fields, $new_value_sql)
-    {
-        // First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
-        // if it wasn't even there to start off.
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $this->save();
-        }
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (empty($fields)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed an empty array of fields.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $first_field = reset($fields);
-        $table_alias = $first_field->get_table_alias();
-        foreach ($fields as $field) {
-            if ($table_alias !== $field->get_table_alias()) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                            'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed fields for different tables ("%1$s" and "%2$s"), which is not supported. Instead, please call the method multiple times.',
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $table_alias,
-                        $field->get_table_alias()
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // Ok the fields are now known to all be for the same table. Proceed with creating the SQL to update it.
-        $table_obj = $this->get_model()->get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias);
-        $table_pk_value = $this->ID();
-        $table_name = $table_obj->get_table_name();
-        if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-            $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_fk_on_table();
-        } else {
-            $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
-        }
-
-        $query =
-            "UPDATE `{$table_name}`
+				$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+				&& $field_value
+				&& $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
+			) {
+				// if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
+				// what we've explicitly set on this model
+				// or what we have in the db
+				// echo "setting primary key!";
+				$fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
+				$obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
+				foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
+					if (
+						! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+						&& $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
+					) {
+						$this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
+					}
+				}
+				// oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
+				$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+			}
+			// let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set custom select values for model.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $custom_select_values
+	 */
+	public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
+	{
+		$this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
+	 * If not set, returns null.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias
+	 * @return string|int|float|null
+	 */
+	public function getCustomSelect($alias)
+	{
+		return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
+			? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
+	 * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
+	 *
+	 * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
+	 * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
+	 * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$this->set($field_name, $field_value);
+			return true;
+		}
+		// ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
+		$this->save();
+		return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
+	 * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
+	 * Example Usage:
+	 * Via EE_Message child class:
+	 * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
+	 * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
+	 * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
+	 * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
+	 * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
+	 * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$column_value = $this->get($field_name);
+		} else {
+			// This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
+			$column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
+		}
+		return $column_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
+	 * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
+	 * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
+	 * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
+	{
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		// make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+		// make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
+		$model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string timezone string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
+	 * internally instead of wp set date format options
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_date_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
+	 * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_time_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
+	 *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
+	 * @return mixed string|array
+	 */
+	public function get_format($full = true)
+	{
+		return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cache
+	 * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
+	 * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
+	 *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
+	 *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
+	 * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
+	 *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
+	 *                                       related thing, no array)
+	 */
+	public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
+	{
+		// its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
+		if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
+		if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// how many things are related ?
+		if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			// if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
+			// eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
+			// so for these model objects just set it to be cached
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
+			$return = true;
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
+			// so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
+			// eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
+			// so we cache the registrations in an array
+			if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
+				// if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
+				// then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+														   instanceof
+														   EE_Base_Class
+					? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
+			}
+			// first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
+			if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+				// if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
+				// with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $cache_id;
+			} elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
+				// OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $object_to_cache->ID();
+			} else {
+				// OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
+				// move the internal pointer to the end of the array
+				end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+				// and grab the key so that we can return it
+				$return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+			}
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
+	 * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
+	 * @param string|null $cache_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
+	{
+		// first make sure this property exists
+		$this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
+		$this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
+	 * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
+	 *                                 to define how to output the property.
+	 *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
+	 * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		// verify the field exists
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
+		$cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
+			return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+		}
+		$value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		$this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		// If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		}
+		if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
+			$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+		}
+		$value = $pretty
+			? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
+			: $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
+	 * @param bool               $pretty
+	 * @param null               $date_or_time
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
+		EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
+		$pretty = false,
+		$date_or_time = null
+	) {
+		$datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
+		$datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
+		// set the output returned
+		switch ($date_or_time) {
+			case 'D':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
+				break;
+			case 'T':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
+				break;
+			default:
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_properties()
+	{
+		$this->_cached_properties = array();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
+			unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
+	{
+		$other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
+	 * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
+	 * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
+	 * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
+	 *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
+	 * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
+	 *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
+	 *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
+	 * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
+	 *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
+	 *                                                     relation from all
+	 */
+	public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
+	{
+		$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		$index_in_cache = '';
+		if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($clear_all) {
+			$obj_removed = true;
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} else {
+			if (
+				$object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
+				&& $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+			) {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
+				if (
+					is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+					&& ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
+				) {
+					$index_found_at = null;
+					// find this object in the array even though it has a different key
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
+						/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+						if (
+							$obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
+							&& (
+								$obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
+								|| $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+							)
+						) {
+							$index_found_at = $index;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($index_found_at) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
+					} else {
+						// it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
+						// if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
+						return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+					}
+				}
+			} elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
+					/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+					if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+			}
+			// supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
+			// provided a bad index/object
+			if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
+				$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+			} else {
+				// that thing was never cached anyways.
+				$obj_removed = null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $obj_removed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_cache_after_object_save
+	 * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
+	 * obtained after being saved to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
+	 * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
+	 * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_cache_after_object_save(
+		$relationName,
+		EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
+		$current_cache_id = ''
+	) {
+		// verify that incoming object is of the correct type
+		$obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+		if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
+			/* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
+			// now get the type of relation
+			$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+			// if this is a 1:1 relationship
+			if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				// then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+				// or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
+			}
+			if (
+				is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+				&& isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
+			) {
+				// then remove the current cached item
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+				// and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+			? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+			: null;
+		if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
+			return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
+		}
+		return $cached_array_or_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
+	 */
+	public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
+		// if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
+		$objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
+		// bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
+		// basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
+		// already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
+		// otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
+		// EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
+		foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
+				if ($model_object->ID()) {
+					$model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+				}
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$relationName,
+						gettype($model_object)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
+			// eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
+			// entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
+			// are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
+			if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
+				if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
+					// if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
+					$field_value = null;
+				} else {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
+			}
+			$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
+	 * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
+	 */
+	public function get_raw($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
+			: $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
+	 * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
+	 * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
+	 *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
+	 *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
+	 *                                         this field is nullable).
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
+	 * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
+	 * can be easily used as the value of form input.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function f($field_name)
+	{
+		$this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_f($field_name)
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
+	 * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
+	 * to see what options are available.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
+	 * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
+	 * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
+	 * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
+	 *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
+	 *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
+	 * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
+	 * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
+	 * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
+	 * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
+	 *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
+	{
+		// clear cached property
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		// reset format properties because they are used in get()
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		if ($echo) {
+			$this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @return string            datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
+	 * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
+	 * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
+	 *                           on the object will be used.
+	 * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                           field name.
+	 */
+	public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+		return date_i18n(
+			$format,
+			EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
+				$this->get_raw($field_name),
+				$this->_timezone
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
+	 * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
+	 * thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Field
+	 */
+	protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		// check if field is dtt
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			return $field;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$field_name,
+				self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
+	 * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
+	 * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
+	 * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
+	 * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * sets the time on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the date on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
+	 * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
+	 * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
+	 *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
+		$field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+		$field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'T':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				$this->_has_changes = true;
+				break;
+			case 'D':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				$this->_has_changes = true;
+				break;
+			case 'B':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+				$this->_has_changes = true;
+				break;
+		}
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
+	 * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
+	 * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
+	 * that could lead to some unexpected results!
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
+	 *                                         value being returned.
+	 * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
+	 * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
+	 * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
+	 * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string timestamp
+	 */
+	public function display_in_my_timezone(
+		$field_name,
+		$callback = 'get_datetime',
+		$args = null,
+		$prepend = '',
+		$append = ''
+	) {
+		$timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
+		if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		$fn = (array) $field_name;
+		$args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
+		if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$callback
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$args = (array) $args;
+		$return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+		$this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object.
+	 * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
+	 * override
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
+		$result = $this->_delete();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
+	 * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
+	 * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object permanently from db
+	 * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
+	 *
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
+		$this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
+	 * related model objects
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+				$related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
+					// but let's make it consistent
+					$related_objects = array($related_objects);
+				}
+				foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
+					// only refresh their cache if they're in memory
+					if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+						$related_object->clear_cache(
+							$model->get_this_model_name(),
+							$this
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
+	 * object just before saving.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array $set_cols_n_values  keys are field names, values are their new values,
+	 *                                  if provided during the save() method
+	 *                                  (often client code will change the fields' values before calling save)
+	 * @return false|int|string         1 on a successful update;
+	 *                                  the ID of the new entry on insert;
+	 *                                  0 on failure, or if the model object isn't allowed to persist
+	 *                                  (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
+		 *
+		 * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
+		 */
+		$set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
+			$set_cols_n_values,
+			$this
+		);
+		// set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
+		foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
+			$this->set($column, $value);
+		}
+		// no changes ? then don't do anything
+		if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Saving a model object.
+		 * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
+		if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		// now get current attribute values
+		$save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
+		// if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
+		// also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
+		// They have been
+		$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
+			->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+		// does this model have an autoincrement PK?
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				// ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
+				if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					if ($results) {
+						// if successful, set the primary key
+						// but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
+						// an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
+						// will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
+						// will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
+						// but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
+						$pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
+						$this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+						$this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
+						$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+						$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+					}
+				}
+			} else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
+				// so check if one like it already exists in the db
+				if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
+					if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								get_class($this),
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+								'<br />'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {// there is NO primary key
+			$already_in_db = false;
+			foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
+				$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
+				if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
+					$already_in_db = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($already_in_db) {
+				$combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+				);
+				$results = $model->update(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$combined_pk_fields_n_values
+				);
+			} else {
+				$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+			}
+		}
+		// restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+			$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
+		);
+		/**
+		 * After saving the model object this action is called
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
+		 * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
+		 *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
+		$this->_has_changes = false;
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
+	 * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
+	 * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
+	 * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
+	 * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
+	 * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
+	 * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
+					$fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
+						$model->get_this_model_name()
+					);
+					$related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
+					if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
+						$related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
+	 * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
+	 * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
+	 * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
+	 * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
+	 * and this object and properly setup
+	 *
+	 * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
+	{
+		// make sure this has been saved
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$id = $this->save();
+		} else {
+			$id = $this->ID();
+		}
+		// now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
+		foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
+			if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
+				// is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
+				// or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
+				/* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
+				if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+					// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+					$related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+					// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+					$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+					$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+					// }
+				} else {
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
+						// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+						// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+						// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+						$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+						$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+						// }
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * for getting a model while instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_model()
+	{
+		if (! $this->_model) {
+			$modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
+			$this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
+		} else {
+			$this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		}
+		return $this->_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $props_n_values
+	 * @param $classname
+	 * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
+	{
+		// TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
+		$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+		if (
+			array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+			&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+		) {
+			$id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+			return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
+	 * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
+	 * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
+	 * we return false.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
+	 * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
+	 * @param null    $timezone
+	 * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$existing = null;
+		$model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+			if (
+				array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+				&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+			) {
+				$existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
+					$props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
+			// no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
+			$existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
+				self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
+					->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($existing) {
+			// set date formats if present before setting values
+			if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+				$existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+			} else {
+				// set default formats for date and time
+				$existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
+				$existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
+			}
+			foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
+				$existing->set($property, $field_value);
+			}
+			return $existing;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
+	 *
+	 * @access public now, as this is more convenient
+	 * @param      $classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		// find model for this class
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
+		return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_classname
+	 * @param null   $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		$model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
+		$model->set_timezone($timezone);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
+	 * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
+	 *
+	 * @param null $model_name
+	 * @return string like EEM_Attendee
+	 */
+	private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
+	{
+		if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
+			$model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
+		} else {
+			$model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+		}
+		return $model_classname;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the name of the primary key attribute
+	 *
+	 * @param null $classname
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
+	{
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the value of the primary key.
+	 * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
+	 * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
+	 * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
+	 *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
+	 *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
+	 *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
+	 *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
+	 *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
+	 *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
+	 * @param null   $cache_id
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+			);
+			// clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
+			if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
+			if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
+			$this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			// fix the reciprocal relation too
+			if ($otherObject->ID()) {
+				// its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
+				// clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$model->get_this_model_name(),
+					null,
+					true
+				);
+			} else {
+				// it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
+				$otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
+	 * from the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
+	 *                to the DB yet
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
+	 *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
+	 *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
+	 *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
+	 *                deleted.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObject
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+			);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$otherObject->clear_cache(
+				$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+				$this
+			);
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query_params
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		}
+		if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
+			foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					$this
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObjects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
+	 * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
+	 * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
+	 *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
+	 *                             results if you want IDs
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
+			// if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
+			if ($query_params) {
+				$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// did we already cache the result of this query?
+				$cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_results) {
+					$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					// if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
+					// for that relation. We can cache them then.
+					foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
+						$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $cached_results;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
+			$related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+		}
+		return $related_model_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->count_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_count,
+			$distinct
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params  @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
+	 *                              By default, uses primary key
+	 *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_sum
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
+			// if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
+			// also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
+			// on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
+			if (
+				$query_params
+				|| ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
+					 instanceof
+					 EE_Belongs_To_Relation
+			) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
+				$cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_result) {
+					$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_object = $cached_result;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$related_model_object = null;
+			// this doesn't exist in the Db,
+			// but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
+			if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			}
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
+			// just get what's cached on this object
+			if (! $related_model_object) {
+				$related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+			}
+		}
+		return $related_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
+	 * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
+	 * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		}
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
+	 * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
+	 * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+		}
+		$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * is_set
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @param  string $field_name property to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
+	 */
+	public function is_set($field_name)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
+	 * EE_Error exception if they don't
+	 *
+	 * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
+	 */
+	protected function _property_exists($properties)
+	{
+		foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
+			// first make sure this property exists
+			if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$property_name
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function model_field_array()
+	{
+		$fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		$properties = array();
+		// remove prepended underscore
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
+			$properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+		}
+		return $properties;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
+	 * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
+	 * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
+	 * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
+	 * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
+	 * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
+	 * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
+	 * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
+	 * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
+	 *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
+	 *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 *      }
+	 * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
+	 * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
+	 * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
+	 * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @param mixed  $previous_value
+	 * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
+	 *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($previous_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		$existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+		if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+			return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
+		}
+		foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
+			$existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
+		}
+		return count($existing_rows_like_that);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
+	 * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
+	 * extra meta row was entered, false if not
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed   $meta_value
+	 * @param boolean $unique
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
+	{
+		if ($unique) {
+			$existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
+				array(
+					array(
+						'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+						'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+						'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					),
+				)
+			);
+			if ($existing_extra_meta) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		$new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
+				'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
+				'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			)
+		);
+		$new_extra_meta->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
+	 * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($meta_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
+	 * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
+	 * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param boolean $single
+	 * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
+	 * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
+	{
+		if ($single) {
+			$result = $this->get_first_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+				return $result->value();
+			}
+		} else {
+			$results = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($results) {
+				$values = array();
+				foreach ($results as $result) {
+					if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+						$values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+					}
+				}
+				return $values;
+			}
+		}
+		// if nothing discovered yet return default.
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
+			$default,
+			$meta_key,
+			$single,
+			$this
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
+	 * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
+	 * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
+	 * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
+	 * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
+	 * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
+	{
+		$return_array = array();
+		if ($one_of_each_key) {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
+			);
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
+						$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
+					}
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $return_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		// find a field that's not a text field
+		$field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
+		if ($field_we_can_use) {
+			return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
+		}
+		$first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
+		$first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
+		$name_parts = array();
+		foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
+			$name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
+		}
+		return implode(',', $name_parts);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * in_entity_map
+	 * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function in_entity_map()
+	{
+		// well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
+		return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
+	 * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
+	 */
+	public function refresh_from_db()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
+			$this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
+		} else {
+			// if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
+			// if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
+			// that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
+			// absolutely nothing in it for this ID
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$this->ID(),
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Change $fields' values to $new_value_sql (which is a string of raw SQL)
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $fields
+	 * @param string $new_value_sql
+	 *      example: 'column_name=123',
+	 *      or 'column_name=column_name+1',
+	 *      or 'column_name= CASE
+	 *          WHEN (`column_name` + `other_column` + 5) <= `yet_another_column`
+	 *          THEN `column_name` + 5
+	 *          ELSE `column_name`
+	 *      END'
+	 *      Also updates $field on this model object with the latest value from the database.
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function updateFieldsInDB($fields, $new_value_sql)
+	{
+		// First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
+		// if it wasn't even there to start off.
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$this->save();
+		}
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (empty($fields)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+				esc_html__(
+					'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed an empty array of fields.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$first_field = reset($fields);
+		$table_alias = $first_field->get_table_alias();
+		foreach ($fields as $field) {
+			if ($table_alias !== $field->get_table_alias()) {
+				throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+							'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed fields for different tables ("%1$s" and "%2$s"), which is not supported. Instead, please call the method multiple times.',
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$table_alias,
+						$field->get_table_alias()
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// Ok the fields are now known to all be for the same table. Proceed with creating the SQL to update it.
+		$table_obj = $this->get_model()->get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias);
+		$table_pk_value = $this->ID();
+		$table_name = $table_obj->get_table_name();
+		if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+			$table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_fk_on_table();
+		} else {
+			$table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
+		}
+
+		$query =
+			"UPDATE `{$table_name}`
             SET "
-            . $new_value_sql
-            . $wpdb->prepare(
-                "
+			. $new_value_sql
+			. $wpdb->prepare(
+				"
             WHERE `{$table_pk_field_name}` = %d;",
-                $table_pk_value
-            );
-        $result = $wpdb->query($query);
-        foreach ($fields as $field) {
-            // If it was successful, we'd like to know the new value.
-            // If it failed, we'd also like to know the new value.
-            $new_value = $this->get_model()->get_var(
-                $this->get_model()->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_index_primary_key_string(
-                        $this->model_field_array()
-                    ),
-                    array(
-                        'default_where_conditions' => 'minimum',
-                    )
-                ),
-                $field->get_name()
-            );
-            $this->set_from_db(
-                $field->get_name(),
-                $new_value
-            );
-        }
-        return (bool) $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Nudges $field_name's value by $quantity, without any conditionals (in comparison to bumpConditionally()).
-     * Does not allow negative values, however.
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     * @param array $fields_n_quantities keys are the field names, and values are the amount by which to bump them
-     *                                   (positive or negative). One important gotcha: all these values must be
-     *                                   on the same table (eg don't pass in one field for the posts table and
-     *                                   another for the event meta table.)
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function adjustNumericFieldsInDb(array $fields_n_quantities)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (empty($fields_n_quantities)) {
-            // No fields to update? Well sure, we updated them to that value just fine.
-            return true;
-        }
-        $fields = [];
-        $set_sql_statements = [];
-        foreach ($fields_n_quantities as $field_name => $quantity) {
-            $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name, true);
-            $fields[] = $field;
-            $column_name = $field->get_table_column();
-
-            $abs_qty = absint($quantity);
-            if ($quantity > 0) {
-                // don't let the value be negative as often these fields are unsigned
-                $set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
-                    "`{$column_name}` = `{$column_name}` + %d",
-                    $abs_qty
-                );
-            } else {
-                $set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
-                    "`{$column_name}` = CASE
+				$table_pk_value
+			);
+		$result = $wpdb->query($query);
+		foreach ($fields as $field) {
+			// If it was successful, we'd like to know the new value.
+			// If it failed, we'd also like to know the new value.
+			$new_value = $this->get_model()->get_var(
+				$this->get_model()->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+					$this->get_model()->get_index_primary_key_string(
+						$this->model_field_array()
+					),
+					array(
+						'default_where_conditions' => 'minimum',
+					)
+				),
+				$field->get_name()
+			);
+			$this->set_from_db(
+				$field->get_name(),
+				$new_value
+			);
+		}
+		return (bool) $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Nudges $field_name's value by $quantity, without any conditionals (in comparison to bumpConditionally()).
+	 * Does not allow negative values, however.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param array $fields_n_quantities keys are the field names, and values are the amount by which to bump them
+	 *                                   (positive or negative). One important gotcha: all these values must be
+	 *                                   on the same table (eg don't pass in one field for the posts table and
+	 *                                   another for the event meta table.)
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function adjustNumericFieldsInDb(array $fields_n_quantities)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (empty($fields_n_quantities)) {
+			// No fields to update? Well sure, we updated them to that value just fine.
+			return true;
+		}
+		$fields = [];
+		$set_sql_statements = [];
+		foreach ($fields_n_quantities as $field_name => $quantity) {
+			$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name, true);
+			$fields[] = $field;
+			$column_name = $field->get_table_column();
+
+			$abs_qty = absint($quantity);
+			if ($quantity > 0) {
+				// don't let the value be negative as often these fields are unsigned
+				$set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
+					"`{$column_name}` = `{$column_name}` + %d",
+					$abs_qty
+				);
+			} else {
+				$set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
+					"`{$column_name}` = CASE
                        WHEN (`{$column_name}` >= %d)
                        THEN `{$column_name}` - %d
                        ELSE 0
                     END",
-                    $abs_qty,
-                    $abs_qty
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
-            $fields,
-            implode(', ', $set_sql_statements)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases the value of the field $field_name_to_bump by $quantity, but only if the values of
-     * $field_name_to_bump plus $field_name_affecting_total and $quantity won't exceed $limit_field_name's value.
-     * For example, this is useful when bumping the value of TKT_reserved, TKT_sold, DTT_reserved or DTT_sold.
-     * Returns true if the value was successfully bumped, and updates the value on this model object.
-     * Otherwise returns false.
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     * @param string $field_name_to_bump
-     * @param string $field_name_affecting_total
-     * @param string $limit_field_name
-     * @param int    $quantity
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function incrementFieldConditionallyInDb($field_name_to_bump, $field_name_affecting_total, $limit_field_name, $quantity)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_to_bump, true);
-        $column_name = $field->get_table_column();
-
-        $field_affecting_total = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_affecting_total, true);
-        $column_affecting_total = $field_affecting_total->get_table_column();
-
-        $limiting_field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($limit_field_name, true);
-        $limiting_column = $limiting_field->get_table_column();
-        return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
-            [$field],
-            $wpdb->prepare(
-                "`{$column_name}` =
+					$abs_qty,
+					$abs_qty
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
+			$fields,
+			implode(', ', $set_sql_statements)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases the value of the field $field_name_to_bump by $quantity, but only if the values of
+	 * $field_name_to_bump plus $field_name_affecting_total and $quantity won't exceed $limit_field_name's value.
+	 * For example, this is useful when bumping the value of TKT_reserved, TKT_sold, DTT_reserved or DTT_sold.
+	 * Returns true if the value was successfully bumped, and updates the value on this model object.
+	 * Otherwise returns false.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param string $field_name_to_bump
+	 * @param string $field_name_affecting_total
+	 * @param string $limit_field_name
+	 * @param int    $quantity
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function incrementFieldConditionallyInDb($field_name_to_bump, $field_name_affecting_total, $limit_field_name, $quantity)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_to_bump, true);
+		$column_name = $field->get_table_column();
+
+		$field_affecting_total = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_affecting_total, true);
+		$column_affecting_total = $field_affecting_total->get_table_column();
+
+		$limiting_field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($limit_field_name, true);
+		$limiting_column = $limiting_field->get_table_column();
+		return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
+			[$field],
+			$wpdb->prepare(
+				"`{$column_name}` =
             CASE
                WHEN ((`{$column_name}` + `{$column_affecting_total}` + %d) <= `{$limiting_column}`) OR `{$limiting_column}` = %d
                THEN `{$column_name}` + %d
                ELSE `{$column_name}`
             END",
-                $quantity,
-                EE_INF_IN_DB,
-                $quantity
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
-     * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function __toString()
-    {
-        try {
-            return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
-     * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
-     * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
-     * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
-     * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
-     * Eg, the following won't work:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $reg->attendee()->save();
-     * And would need to be replace with:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $att->save();
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __sleep()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-                if (
-                    $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
-                    && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                ) {
-                    $this->clear_cache(
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
-        $properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
-        // don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
-        unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
-        return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-     * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
-     * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
-     * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
-     */
-    public function __wakeup()
-    {
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
-     * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
-     */
-    public function __clone()
-    {
-        // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+				$quantity,
+				EE_INF_IN_DB,
+				$quantity
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
+	 * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString()
+	{
+		try {
+			return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
+	 * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
+	 * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
+	 * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
+	 * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
+	 * Eg, the following won't work:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $reg->attendee()->save();
+	 * And would need to be replace with:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $att->save();
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+				if (
+					$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
+					&& $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+				) {
+					$this->clear_cache(
+						$relation_name,
+						$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
+		$properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
+		// don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
+		unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
+		return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+	 * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
+	 * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
+	 * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
+	 * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
+	 */
+	public function __clone()
+	{
+		// handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
+			if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Attendee.class.php

Indentation +742 added lines, -742 removed lines

@@ -25,746 +25,746 @@
 class EE_Attendee extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Contact, EEI_Address, EEI_Admin_Links, EEI_Attendee
 {
 
-    /**
-     * Sets some dynamic defaults
-     *
-     * @param array  $fieldValues
-     * @param bool   $bydb
-     * @param string $timezone
-     * @param array  $date_formats
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
-            $fname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_fname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] . ' ' : '';
-            $lname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_lname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] : '';
-            $fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = $fname . $lname;
-        }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
-            // $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
-            $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
-        }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
-            $fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
-        }
-        parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee First Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param string $fname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_fname($fname = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_fname', $fname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Last Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param string $lname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_lname($lname = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_lname', $lname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Address
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param string $address
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_address($address = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_address', $address);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Address2
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $address2
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_address2($address2 = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_address2', $address2);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee City
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $city
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_city($city = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_city', $city);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee State ID
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        int $STA_ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_state($STA_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('STA_ID', $STA_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Country ISO Code
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $CNT_ISO
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_country($CNT_ISO = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('CNT_ISO', $CNT_ISO);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Zip/Postal Code
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $zip
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_zip($zip = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_zip', $zip);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Email Address
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $email
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_email($email = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_email', $email);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Phone
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $phone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_phone($phone = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_phone', $phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        set deleted
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        bool $ATT_deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_deleted($ATT_deleted = false)
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_deleted', $ATT_deleted);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the value for the post_author id saved with the cpt
-     *
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_author');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee First Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function fname()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_fname');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes out the attendee's first name
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_full_name()
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->full_name());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the first and last name concatenated together with a space.
-     *
-     * @param bool $apply_html_entities
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
-    {
-        $full_name = array(
-            $this->fname(),
-            $this->lname(),
-        );
-        $full_name = array_filter($full_name);
-        $full_name = implode(' ', $full_name);
-        return $apply_html_entities ? htmlentities($full_name, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') : $full_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value of the `ATT_full_name` field which is usually equivalent to calling `full_name()` unless
-     * the post_title field has been directly modified in the db for the post (espresso_attendees post type) for this
-     * attendee.
-     *
-     * @param bool $apply_html_entities
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ATT_full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
-    {
-        return $apply_html_entities
-            ? htmlentities($this->get('ATT_full_name'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
-            : $this->get('ATT_full_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Last Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function lname()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_lname');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the attendee's full address as an array so client code can decide hwo to display it
-     *
-     * @return array numerically indexed, with each part of the address that is known.
-     * Eg, if the user only responded to state and country,
-     * it would be array(0=>'Alabama',1=>'USA')
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function full_address_as_array()
-    {
-        $full_address_array = array();
-        $initial_address_fields = array('ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',);
-        foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
-            $address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
-            if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
-                $full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
-            }
-        }
-        // now handle state and country
-        $state_obj = $this->state_obj();
-        if ($state_obj instanceof EE_State) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $state_obj->name();
-        }
-        $country_obj = $this->country_obj();
-        if ($country_obj instanceof EE_Country) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $country_obj->name();
-        }
-        // lastly get the xip
-        $zip_value = $this->zip();
-        if (! empty($zip_value)) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
-        }
-        return $full_address_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Address
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function address()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_address');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Address2
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function address2()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_address2');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee City
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function city()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_city');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee State ID
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STA_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_abbrev()
-    {
-        return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the state set to this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_State
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('State');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the state's name, otherwise 'Unknown'
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_name()
-    {
-        if ($this->state_obj()) {
-            return $this->state_obj()->name();
-        } else {
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())) {
-            return $this->state_abbrev();
-        }
-        return $this->state_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get Attendee Country ISO Code
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('CNT_ISO');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets country set for this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_Country
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Country');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the country's name if known, otherwise 'Unknown'
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country_name()
-    {
-        if ($this->country_obj()) {
-            return $this->country_obj()->name();
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())) {
-            return $this->country_ID();
-        }
-        return $this->country_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Zip/Postal Code
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function zip()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_zip');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Email Address
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function email()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_email');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Phone #
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function phone()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get deleted
-     *
-     * @return        bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function deleted()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_deleted');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets registrations of this attendee
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Registration[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_registrations($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recent registration of this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_Registration
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_most_recent_registration()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related(
-            'Registration',
-            array('order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
-        ); // null, 'REG_date', 'DESC', '=', 'OBJECT_K');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recent registration for this attend at this event
-     *
-     * @param int $event_id
-     * @return EE_Registration
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_most_recent_registration_for_event($event_id)
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related(
-            'Registration',
-            array(array('EVT_ID' => $event_id), 'order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns any events attached to this attendee ($_Event property);
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function events()
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Event');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the billing info array where keys match espresso_reg_page_billing_inputs(),
-     * and keys are their cleaned values. @see EE_Attendee::save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method() which was
-     * used to save the billing info
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method the _gateway_name property on the gateway class
-     * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function billing_info_for_payment_method($payment_method)
-    {
-        $pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
-        if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
-        if (! $billing_info) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
-        // double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
-        $form_totally_hidden = true;
-        foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
-            if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
-                $form_totally_hidden = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($form_totally_hidden) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
-            $billing_form->receive_form_submission(array($billing_form->name() => $billing_info), false);
-        }
-
-        return $billing_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the postmeta key that holds this attendee's billing info for the
-     * specified payment method
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method)
-    {
-        if ($payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
-            return 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves the billing info to the attendee. @see EE_Attendee::billing_info_for_payment_method() which is used to
-     * retrieve it
-     *
-     * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method             $payment_method
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method($billing_form, $payment_method)
-    {
-        if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'));
-            return false;
-        }
-        $billing_form->clean_sensitive_data();
-        return update_post_meta(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method),
-            $billing_form->input_values(true)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return the link to the admin details for the object.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_details_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to the editor for the object.  Sometimes this is the same as the details.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_edit_link()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
-                'action' => 'edit_attendee',
-                'post'   => $this->ID(),
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to a settings page for the object.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_settings_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to the "overview" for the object (typically the "list table" view).
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_overview_link()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
-                'action' => 'contact_list',
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets some dynamic defaults
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $fieldValues
+	 * @param bool   $bydb
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 * @param array  $date_formats
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
+			$fname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_fname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] . ' ' : '';
+			$lname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_lname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] : '';
+			$fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = $fname . $lname;
+		}
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
+			// $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
+			$fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
+		}
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
+			$fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
+		}
+		parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee First Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param string $fname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_fname($fname = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_fname', $fname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Last Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param string $lname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_lname($lname = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_lname', $lname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Address
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param string $address
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_address($address = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_address', $address);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Address2
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $address2
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_address2($address2 = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_address2', $address2);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee City
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $city
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_city($city = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_city', $city);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee State ID
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        int $STA_ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_state($STA_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('STA_ID', $STA_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Country ISO Code
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $CNT_ISO
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_country($CNT_ISO = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('CNT_ISO', $CNT_ISO);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Zip/Postal Code
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $zip
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_zip($zip = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_zip', $zip);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Email Address
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $email
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_email($email = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_email', $email);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Phone
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $phone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_phone($phone = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_phone', $phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        set deleted
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        bool $ATT_deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_deleted($ATT_deleted = false)
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_deleted', $ATT_deleted);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the value for the post_author id saved with the cpt
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_author');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee First Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function fname()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_fname');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes out the attendee's first name
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_full_name()
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->full_name());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the first and last name concatenated together with a space.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $apply_html_entities
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
+	{
+		$full_name = array(
+			$this->fname(),
+			$this->lname(),
+		);
+		$full_name = array_filter($full_name);
+		$full_name = implode(' ', $full_name);
+		return $apply_html_entities ? htmlentities($full_name, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') : $full_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value of the `ATT_full_name` field which is usually equivalent to calling `full_name()` unless
+	 * the post_title field has been directly modified in the db for the post (espresso_attendees post type) for this
+	 * attendee.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $apply_html_entities
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ATT_full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
+	{
+		return $apply_html_entities
+			? htmlentities($this->get('ATT_full_name'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
+			: $this->get('ATT_full_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Last Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function lname()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_lname');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the attendee's full address as an array so client code can decide hwo to display it
+	 *
+	 * @return array numerically indexed, with each part of the address that is known.
+	 * Eg, if the user only responded to state and country,
+	 * it would be array(0=>'Alabama',1=>'USA')
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function full_address_as_array()
+	{
+		$full_address_array = array();
+		$initial_address_fields = array('ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',);
+		foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
+			$address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
+			if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
+				$full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
+			}
+		}
+		// now handle state and country
+		$state_obj = $this->state_obj();
+		if ($state_obj instanceof EE_State) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $state_obj->name();
+		}
+		$country_obj = $this->country_obj();
+		if ($country_obj instanceof EE_Country) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $country_obj->name();
+		}
+		// lastly get the xip
+		$zip_value = $this->zip();
+		if (! empty($zip_value)) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
+		}
+		return $full_address_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Address
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function address()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_address');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Address2
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function address2()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_address2');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee City
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function city()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_city');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee State ID
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STA_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_abbrev()
+	{
+		return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the state set to this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_State
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('State');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the state's name, otherwise 'Unknown'
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_name()
+	{
+		if ($this->state_obj()) {
+			return $this->state_obj()->name();
+		} else {
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())) {
+			return $this->state_abbrev();
+		}
+		return $this->state_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get Attendee Country ISO Code
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('CNT_ISO');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets country set for this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Country
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Country');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the country's name if known, otherwise 'Unknown'
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country_name()
+	{
+		if ($this->country_obj()) {
+			return $this->country_obj()->name();
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())) {
+			return $this->country_ID();
+		}
+		return $this->country_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Zip/Postal Code
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function zip()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_zip');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Email Address
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function email()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_email');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Phone #
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function phone()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get deleted
+	 *
+	 * @return        bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function deleted()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_deleted');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets registrations of this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Registration[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_registrations($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recent registration of this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Registration
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_most_recent_registration()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related(
+			'Registration',
+			array('order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
+		); // null, 'REG_date', 'DESC', '=', 'OBJECT_K');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recent registration for this attend at this event
+	 *
+	 * @param int $event_id
+	 * @return EE_Registration
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_most_recent_registration_for_event($event_id)
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related(
+			'Registration',
+			array(array('EVT_ID' => $event_id), 'order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns any events attached to this attendee ($_Event property);
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function events()
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Event');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the billing info array where keys match espresso_reg_page_billing_inputs(),
+	 * and keys are their cleaned values. @see EE_Attendee::save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method() which was
+	 * used to save the billing info
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method the _gateway_name property on the gateway class
+	 * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function billing_info_for_payment_method($payment_method)
+	{
+		$pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
+		if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
+		if (! $billing_info) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
+		// double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
+		$form_totally_hidden = true;
+		foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
+			if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
+				$form_totally_hidden = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($form_totally_hidden) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
+			$billing_form->receive_form_submission(array($billing_form->name() => $billing_info), false);
+		}
+
+		return $billing_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the postmeta key that holds this attendee's billing info for the
+	 * specified payment method
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method)
+	{
+		if ($payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
+			return 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves the billing info to the attendee. @see EE_Attendee::billing_info_for_payment_method() which is used to
+	 * retrieve it
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method             $payment_method
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method($billing_form, $payment_method)
+	{
+		if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'));
+			return false;
+		}
+		$billing_form->clean_sensitive_data();
+		return update_post_meta(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method),
+			$billing_form->input_values(true)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the link to the admin details for the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_details_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to the editor for the object.  Sometimes this is the same as the details.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_edit_link()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
+				'action' => 'edit_attendee',
+				'post'   => $this->ID(),
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to a settings page for the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_settings_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to the "overview" for the object (typically the "list table" view).
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_overview_link()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
+				'action' => 'contact_list',
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Payment.class.php

Indentation +870 added lines, -870 removed lines

@@ -12,874 +12,874 @@
 class EE_Payment extends EE_Base_Class implements EEI_Payment
 {
 
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int $TXN_ID
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the transaction related to this payment
-     *
-     * @return EE_Transaction
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function transaction()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $STS_ID
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_status($STS_ID = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Timestamp
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int $timestamp
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Method
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $PAY_source
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_source($PAY_source = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Amount
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param float $amount
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_amount($amount = 0.00)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Gateway Response
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $gateway_response
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the name of the payment method used on this payment (previously known merely as 'gateway')
-     * but since 4.6.0, payment methods are models and the payment keeps a foreign key to the payment method
-     * used on it
-     *
-     * @deprecated
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function gateway()
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            'EE_Payment::gateway',
-            esc_html__(
-                'The method EE_Payment::gateway() has been deprecated. Consider instead using EE_Payment::payment_method()->name()',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            '4.6.0'
-        );
-        return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Gateway Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Purchase Order Number
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $po_number
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_po_number($po_number = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Extra Accounting Field
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $extra_accntng
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment made via admin flag
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param bool $via_admin
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false)
-    {
-        if ($via_admin) {
-            $this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
-        } else {
-            $this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Details
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string|array $details
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_details($details = '')
-    {
-        if (is_array($details)) {
-            array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
-        } else {
-            $details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
-        }
-        $this->set('PAY_details', $details);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets redirect_url
-     *
-     * @param string $redirect_url
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets redirect_args
-     *
-     * @param array $redirect_args
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function TXN_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TXN_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function STS_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Timestamp
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Source
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function source()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_source');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Amount
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function amount()
-    {
-        return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function amount_no_code()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Gateway Response
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function gateway_response()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Gateway Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function txn_id_chq_nmbr()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Purchase Order Number
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function po_number()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Extra Accounting Field
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_accntng()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment made via admin source
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_made_via_admin()
-    {
-        return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Details
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function details()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_details');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets redirect_url
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets redirect_args
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_args()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes $this->pretty_status()
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->pretty_status($show_icons), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        $status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
-            array($this->STS_ID() => esc_html__('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
-            false,
-            'sentence'
-        );
-        $icon = '';
-        switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_pending:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-clock ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 lt-grey-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_declined:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-        }
-        return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean whether the payment is approved or not
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_approved()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generally determines if the status of this payment equals
-     * the $STS_ID string
-     *
-     * @param string $STS_ID an ID from the esp_status table/
-     *                       one of the status_id_* on the EEM_Payment model
-     * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function status_is($STS_ID)
-    {
-        return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean whether the payment is pending or not
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_pending()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_cancelled()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_declined()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_failed()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining if the payment is actually a refund ( ie: has a negative value )
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_a_refund()
-    {
-        return $this->amount() < 0 ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the status object of this object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Status
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Status');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Extra_Meta
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
-     * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
-     * offline ones, dont' create payments)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_method()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the HTML for redirecting the user to an offsite gateway
-     * You can pass it special content to put inside the form, or use
-     * the default inner content (or possibly generate this all yourself using
-     * redirect_url() and redirect_args() or redirect_args_as_inputs()).
-     * Creates a POST request by default, but if no redirect args are specified, creates a GET request instead
-     * (and any querystring variables in the redirect_url are converted into html inputs
-     * so browsers submit them properly)
-     *
-     * @param string $inside_form_html
-     * @return string html
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
-    {
-        $redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
-        if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
-            // what ? no inner form content?
-            if ($inside_form_html === null) {
-                $inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        EEH_HTML::br(2),
-                        '<input type="submit" value="',
-                        '">'
-                    ),
-                    '',
-                    '',
-                    'text-align:center;'
-                );
-            }
-            $method = apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EE_Payment__redirect_form__method',
-                $this->redirect_args() ? 'POST' : 'GET',
-                $this
-            );
-            // if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
-            // and put them into the form instead
-            if ($method === 'GET') {
-                $querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
-                $get_params = null;
-                parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
-                $inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
-                $redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
-            }
-            $form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
-                    . '<form method="'
-                    . $method
-                    . '" name="gateway_form" action="'
-                    . $redirect_url
-                    . '">';
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
-            $form .= $inside_form_html;
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
-            return $form;
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes all the name-value pairs of the redirect args into html inputs
-     * and returns the html as a string
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_args_as_inputs()
-    {
-        return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2d array of key-value pairs into html hidden inputs
-     * and returns the string of html
-     *
-     * @param array $args key-value pairs
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function _args_as_inputs($args)
-    {
-        $html = '';
-        if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
-            foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
-                $html .= $this->generateInput($name, $value);
-            }
-        }
-        return $html;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts either a single name and value or array of values into html hidden inputs
-     * and returns the string of html
-     *
-     * @param string $name
-     * @param string|array $value
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function generateInput($name, $value)
-    {
-        if (is_array($value)) {
-            $html = '';
-            $name = "{$name}[]";
-            foreach ($value as $array_value) {
-                $html .= $this->generateInput($name, $array_value);
-            }
-            return $html;
-        }
-        return EEH_HTML::nl()
-            . '<input type="hidden" name="' . $name . '"'
-            . ' value="' . esc_attr($value) . '"/>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the currency of the payment.
-     * (At the time of writing, this will always be the currency in the configuration;
-     * however in the future it is anticipated that this will be stored on the payment
-     * object itself)
-     *
-     * @return string for the currency code
-     */
-    public function currency_code()
-    {
-        return EE_Config::instance()->currency->code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * apply wp_strip_all_tags to all elements within an array
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param mixed $item
-     */
-    private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item)
-    {
-        if (is_object($item)) {
-            $item = (array) $item;
-        }
-        if (is_array($item)) {
-            array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
-        } else {
-            $item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns TRUE is this payment was set to approved during this request (or
-     * is approved and was created during this request). False otherwise.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function just_approved()
-    {
-        $original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
-            $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
-            'STS_ID',
-            $this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
-        );
-        $current_status = $this->status();
-        if (
-            $original_status !== EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
-            && $current_status === EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
-        ) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parents' get_pretty() function just for legacy reasons
-     * (to allow ticket https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7420)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
-            return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
-        }
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets details regarding which registrations this payment was applied to
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function registration_payments($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Event|null
-     */
-    public function get_first_event()
-    {
-        $transaction = $this->transaction();
-        if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            $primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
-            if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
-                return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_first_event_name()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_first_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : esc_html__('Event', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
-     *
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
-     */
-    public function get_primary_registration()
-    {
-        if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
-     *
-     * @return EE_Attendee|null
-     */
-    public function get_primary_attendee()
-    {
-        $primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
-        if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
-            return $primary_reg->attendee();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int $TXN_ID
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the transaction related to this payment
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Transaction
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function transaction()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $STS_ID
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_status($STS_ID = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int $timestamp
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Method
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $PAY_source
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_source($PAY_source = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Amount
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param float $amount
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_amount($amount = 0.00)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Gateway Response
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $gateway_response
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the name of the payment method used on this payment (previously known merely as 'gateway')
+	 * but since 4.6.0, payment methods are models and the payment keeps a foreign key to the payment method
+	 * used on it
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function gateway()
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			'EE_Payment::gateway',
+			esc_html__(
+				'The method EE_Payment::gateway() has been deprecated. Consider instead using EE_Payment::payment_method()->name()',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			'4.6.0'
+		);
+		return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Gateway Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Purchase Order Number
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $po_number
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_po_number($po_number = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Extra Accounting Field
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $extra_accntng
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment made via admin flag
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param bool $via_admin
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false)
+	{
+		if ($via_admin) {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
+		} else {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Details
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string|array $details
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_details($details = '')
+	{
+		if (is_array($details)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
+		} else {
+			$details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
+		}
+		$this->set('PAY_details', $details);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets redirect_url
+	 *
+	 * @param string $redirect_url
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets redirect_args
+	 *
+	 * @param array $redirect_args
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function TXN_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TXN_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function STS_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Source
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function source()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_source');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Amount
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function amount()
+	{
+		return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function amount_no_code()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Gateway Response
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function gateway_response()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Gateway Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function txn_id_chq_nmbr()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Purchase Order Number
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function po_number()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Extra Accounting Field
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_accntng()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment made via admin source
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_made_via_admin()
+	{
+		return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Details
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function details()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_details');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets redirect_url
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets redirect_args
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_args()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes $this->pretty_status()
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->pretty_status($show_icons), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		$status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
+			array($this->STS_ID() => esc_html__('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
+			false,
+			'sentence'
+		);
+		$icon = '';
+		switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_pending:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-clock ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 lt-grey-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_declined:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+		}
+		return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean whether the payment is approved or not
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_approved()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generally determines if the status of this payment equals
+	 * the $STS_ID string
+	 *
+	 * @param string $STS_ID an ID from the esp_status table/
+	 *                       one of the status_id_* on the EEM_Payment model
+	 * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function status_is($STS_ID)
+	{
+		return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean whether the payment is pending or not
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_pending()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_cancelled()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_declined()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_failed()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining if the payment is actually a refund ( ie: has a negative value )
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_a_refund()
+	{
+		return $this->amount() < 0 ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the status object of this object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Status
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Status');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Extra_Meta
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
+	 * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
+	 * offline ones, dont' create payments)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_method()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the HTML for redirecting the user to an offsite gateway
+	 * You can pass it special content to put inside the form, or use
+	 * the default inner content (or possibly generate this all yourself using
+	 * redirect_url() and redirect_args() or redirect_args_as_inputs()).
+	 * Creates a POST request by default, but if no redirect args are specified, creates a GET request instead
+	 * (and any querystring variables in the redirect_url are converted into html inputs
+	 * so browsers submit them properly)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $inside_form_html
+	 * @return string html
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
+	{
+		$redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
+		if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
+			// what ? no inner form content?
+			if ($inside_form_html === null) {
+				$inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						EEH_HTML::br(2),
+						'<input type="submit" value="',
+						'">'
+					),
+					'',
+					'',
+					'text-align:center;'
+				);
+			}
+			$method = apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EE_Payment__redirect_form__method',
+				$this->redirect_args() ? 'POST' : 'GET',
+				$this
+			);
+			// if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
+			// and put them into the form instead
+			if ($method === 'GET') {
+				$querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
+				$get_params = null;
+				parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
+				$inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
+				$redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
+			}
+			$form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
+					. '<form method="'
+					. $method
+					. '" name="gateway_form" action="'
+					. $redirect_url
+					. '">';
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
+			$form .= $inside_form_html;
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
+			return $form;
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes all the name-value pairs of the redirect args into html inputs
+	 * and returns the html as a string
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_args_as_inputs()
+	{
+		return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a 2d array of key-value pairs into html hidden inputs
+	 * and returns the string of html
+	 *
+	 * @param array $args key-value pairs
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _args_as_inputs($args)
+	{
+		$html = '';
+		if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
+			foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
+				$html .= $this->generateInput($name, $value);
+			}
+		}
+		return $html;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts either a single name and value or array of values into html hidden inputs
+	 * and returns the string of html
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name
+	 * @param string|array $value
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function generateInput($name, $value)
+	{
+		if (is_array($value)) {
+			$html = '';
+			$name = "{$name}[]";
+			foreach ($value as $array_value) {
+				$html .= $this->generateInput($name, $array_value);
+			}
+			return $html;
+		}
+		return EEH_HTML::nl()
+			. '<input type="hidden" name="' . $name . '"'
+			. ' value="' . esc_attr($value) . '"/>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the currency of the payment.
+	 * (At the time of writing, this will always be the currency in the configuration;
+	 * however in the future it is anticipated that this will be stored on the payment
+	 * object itself)
+	 *
+	 * @return string for the currency code
+	 */
+	public function currency_code()
+	{
+		return EE_Config::instance()->currency->code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * apply wp_strip_all_tags to all elements within an array
+	 *
+	 * @access private
+	 * @param mixed $item
+	 */
+	private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item)
+	{
+		if (is_object($item)) {
+			$item = (array) $item;
+		}
+		if (is_array($item)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
+		} else {
+			$item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns TRUE is this payment was set to approved during this request (or
+	 * is approved and was created during this request). False otherwise.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function just_approved()
+	{
+		$original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
+			$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
+			'STS_ID',
+			$this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
+		);
+		$current_status = $this->status();
+		if (
+			$original_status !== EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
+			&& $current_status === EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
+		) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parents' get_pretty() function just for legacy reasons
+	 * (to allow ticket https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7420)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
+			return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
+		}
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets details regarding which registrations this payment was applied to
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function registration_payments($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Event|null
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event()
+	{
+		$transaction = $this->transaction();
+		if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			$primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
+			if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
+				return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event_name()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_first_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : esc_html__('Event', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Registration|null
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_registration()
+	{
+		if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Attendee|null
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_attendee()
+	{
+		$primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
+		if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
+			return $primary_reg->attendee();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Datetime.class.php

Indentation +1404 added lines, -1404 removed lines

@@ -13,1412 +13,1412 @@
 class EE_Datetime extends EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has no more available spaces
-     */
-    const sold_out = 'DTS';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicating datetime is still active (even is not over, can be registered-for)
-     */
-    const active = 'DTA';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicating the datetime cannot be used for registrations yet, but has not
-     * expired
-     */
-    const upcoming = 'DTU';
-
-    /**
-     * Datetime is postponed
-     */
-    const postponed = 'DTP';
-
-    /**
-     * Datetime is cancelled
-     */
-    const cancelled = 'DTC';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has expired (event is over)
-     */
-    const expired = 'DTE';
-
-    /**
-     * constant used in various places indicating that an event is INACTIVE (not yet ready to be published)
-     */
-    const inactive = 'DTI';
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values    incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone          incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats      incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the date_format
-     *                                  and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object(
-            $props_n_values,
-            __CLASS__,
-            $timezone,
-            $date_formats
-        );
-        return $has_object
-            ? $has_object
-            : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $name
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('DTT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $description
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_description($description)
-    {
-        $this->set('DTT_description', $description);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event start date
-     * set the start date for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_start_date($date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_start');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event start time
-     * set the start time for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_start_time($time)
-    {
-        $this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_start');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event end date
-     * set the end date for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_end_date($date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set event end time
-     * set the end time for an event
-     *
-     * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_end_time($time)
-    {
-        $this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set registration limit
-     * set the maximum number of attendees that can be registered for this datetime slot
-     *
-     * @param int $reg_limit
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_reg_limit($reg_limit)
-    {
-        $this->set('DTT_reg_limit', $reg_limit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get the number of tickets sold for this datetime slot
-     *
-     * @return mixed int on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_sold');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $sold
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_sold($sold)
-    {
-        // sold can not go below zero
-        $sold = max(0, $sold);
-        $this->set('DTT_sold', $sold);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     * Simultaneously decreases the reserved count, unless $also_decrease_reserved is false.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @param boolean $also_decrease_reserved
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increaseSold($qty = 1, $also_decrease_reserved = true)
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        if ($also_decrease_reserved) {
-            $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-                [
-                    'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
-                    'DTT_sold' => $qty
-                ]
-            );
-        } else {
-            $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-                [
-                    'DTT_sold' => $qty
-                ]
-            );
-        }
-
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->sold(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
-     * to save afterwards.)
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decreaseSold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'DTT_sold' => $qty * -1
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->sold(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function reserved()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_reserved');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
-     *
-     * @param int $reserved
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_reserved($reserved)
-    {
-        // reserved can not go below zero
-        $reserved = max(0, (int) $reserved);
-        $this->set('DTT_reserved', $reserved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increaseReserved($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $success = $this->incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
-            'DTT_reserved',
-            'DTT_sold',
-            'DTT_reg_limit',
-            $qty
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_reserved',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->reserved(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decreaseReserved($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
-            [
-                'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1
-            ]
-        );
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_reserved',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $this->reserved(),
-            $success
-        );
-        return $success;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * total sold and reserved tickets
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold_and_reserved()
-    {
-        return $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the datetime name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the datetime description
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_description');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper simply returns whether the event_datetime for the current datetime is a primary datetime
-     *
-     * @return boolean  TRUE if is primary, FALSE if not.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_primary()
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_is_primary');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper simply returns the order for the datetime
-     *
-     * @return int  The order of the datetime for this event.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function order()
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This helper simply returns the parent id for the datetime
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function parent()
-    {
-        return $this->get('DTT_parent');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * show date and/or time
-     *
-     * @param string $date_or_time    whether to display a date or time or both
-     * @param string $start_or_end    whether to display start or end datetimes
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @param bool   $echo            whether we echo or return (note echoing uses "pretty" formats,
-     *                                otherwise we use the standard formats)
-     * @return string|bool  string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    private function _show_datetime(
-        $date_or_time = null,
-        $start_or_end = 'start',
-        $dt_frmt = '',
-        $tm_frmt = '',
-        $echo = false
-    ) {
-        $field_name = "DTT_EVT_{$start_or_end}";
-        $dtt = $this->_get_datetime(
-            $field_name,
-            $dt_frmt,
-            $tm_frmt,
-            $date_or_time,
-            $echo
-        );
-        if (! $echo) {
-            return $dtt;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get event start date.  Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
-     * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Echoes start_date()
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_start_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get end date. Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
-     * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Echoes the end date. See end_date()
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_end_date($dt_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get date_range - meaning the start AND end date
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $dt_frmt     string representation of date format defaults to WP settings
-     * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
-     *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
-     * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        $dt_frmt = ! empty($dt_frmt) ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $start = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $dt_frmt)
-        );
-        $end = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $dt_frmt)
-        );
-        return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $conjunction
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->date_range($dt_frmt, $conjunction));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get start time
-     *
-     * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return mixed        string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_start_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get end time
-     *
-     * @param string $tm_format string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_end_time($tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get time_range
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $tm_format   string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
-     *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
-     * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        $tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        $start = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $tm_format)
-        );
-        $end = str_replace(
-            ' ',
-            ' ',
-            $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format)
-        );
-        return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @param string $conjunction
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->time_range($tm_format, $conjunction));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns a range representation of the date and times.
-     * Output is dependent on the difference (or similarity) between DTT_EVT_start and DTT_EVT_end.
-     * Also, the return value is localized.
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_format
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @param string $conjunction used between two different dates or times.
-     *                            ex: Dec 1{$conjunction}}Dec 6, or 2pm{$conjunction}3pm
-     * @param string $separator   used between the date and time formats.
-     *                            ex: Dec 1, 2016{$separator}2pm
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function date_and_time_range(
-        $dt_format = '',
-        $tm_format = '',
-        $conjunction = ' - ',
-        $separator = ' '
-    ) {
-        $dt_format = ! empty($dt_format) ? $dt_format : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        $full_format = $dt_format . $separator . $tm_format;
-        // the range output depends on various conditions
-        switch (true) {
-            // start date timestamp and end date timestamp are the same.
-            case ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') === $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end')):
-                $output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format);
-                break;
-            // start and end date are the same but times are different
-            case ($this->start_date() === $this->end_date()):
-                $output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
-                          . $conjunction
-                          . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format);
-                break;
-            // all other conditions
-            default:
-                $output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
-                          . $conjunction
-                          . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $full_format);
-                break;
-        }
-        return $output;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This echos the results of date and time range.
-     *
-     * @see date_and_time_range() for more details on purpose.
-     * @param string $dt_format
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @param string $conjunction
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date_and_time_range($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->date_and_time_range($dt_format, $tm_format, $conjunction));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get start date and start time
-     *
-     * @param    string $dt_format - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @param    string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return    mixed    string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_date_and_time($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_format, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_start_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Shows the length of the event (start to end time).
-     * Can be shown in 'seconds','minutes','hours', or 'days'.
-     * By default, rounds up. (So if you use 'days', and then event
-     * only occurs for 1 hour, it will return 1 day).
-     *
-     * @param string $units 'seconds','minutes','hours','days'
-     * @param bool   $round_up
-     * @return float|int|mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function length($units = 'seconds', $round_up = false)
-    {
-        $start = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
-        $end = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
-        $length_in_units = $end - $start;
-        switch ($units) {
-            // NOTE: We purposefully don't use "break;" in order to chain the divisions
-            /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-            // phpcs:disable PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration.TerminatingComment
-            case 'days':
-                $length_in_units /= 24;
-            /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-            case 'hours':
-                // fall through is intentional
-                $length_in_units /= 60;
-            /** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
-            case 'minutes':
-                // fall through is intentional
-                $length_in_units /= 60;
-            case 'seconds':
-            default:
-                $length_in_units = ceil($length_in_units);
-        }
-        // phpcs:enable
-        if ($round_up) {
-            $length_in_units = max($length_in_units, 1);
-        }
-        return $length_in_units;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get end date and time
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt   - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
-     * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
-     * @return    mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get start timestamp
-     *
-     * @return        int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get end timestamp
-     *
-     * @return        int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get the registration limit for this datetime slot
-     *
-     * @return        mixed        int on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function reg_limit()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('DTT_reg_limit');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    have the tickets sold for this datetime, met or exceed the registration limit ?
-     *
-     * @return        boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold_out()
-    {
-        return $this->reg_limit() > 0 && $this->sold() >= $this->reg_limit();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return the total number of spaces remaining at this venue.
-     * This only takes the venue's capacity into account, NOT the tickets available for sale
-     *
-     * @param bool $consider_tickets Whether to consider tickets remaining when determining if there are any spaces left
-     *                               Because if all tickets attached to this datetime have no spaces left,
-     *                               then this datetime IS effectively sold out.
-     *                               However, there are cases where we just want to know the spaces
-     *                               remaining for this particular datetime, hence the flag.
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining($consider_tickets = false)
-    {
-        // tickets remaining available for purchase
-        // no need for special checks for infinite, because if DTT_reg_limit == EE_INF, then EE_INF - x = EE_INF
-        $dtt_remaining = $this->reg_limit() - $this->sold_and_reserved();
-        if (! $consider_tickets) {
-            return $dtt_remaining;
-        }
-        $tickets_remaining = $this->tickets_remaining();
-        return min($dtt_remaining, $tickets_remaining);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Counts the total tickets available
-     * (from all the different types of tickets which are available for this datetime).
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets_remaining($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $sum = 0;
-        $tickets = $this->tickets($query_params);
-        if (! empty($tickets)) {
-            foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-                if ($ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
-                    // get the actual amount of tickets that can be sold
-                    $qty = $ticket->qty('saleable');
-                    if ($qty === EE_INF) {
-                        return EE_INF;
-                    }
-                    // no negative ticket quantities plz
-                    if ($qty > 0) {
-                        $sum += $qty;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $sum;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the count of all the tickets available at this datetime (not ticket types)
-     * before any were sold
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_tickets_initially_available($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->sum_related('Ticket', $query_params, 'TKT_qty');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the lesser-of-the two: spaces remaining at this datetime, or
-     * the total tickets remaining (a sum of the tickets remaining for each ticket type
-     * that is available for this datetime).
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime()
-    {
-        return $this->spaces_remaining(true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
-     * and determines if the date is upcoming or not.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_upcoming()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') > time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal datetime for the given string with NOW
-     * and returns if the date is active (i.e. start and end time)
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_active()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') < time() && $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') > time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
-     * and determines if the date is expired or not.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_expired()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') < time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the active status for whether an event is active, upcoming, or expired
-     *
-     * @return int return value will be one of the EE_Datetime status constants.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_active_status()
-    {
-        $total_tickets_for_this_dtt = $this->total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime();
-        if ($total_tickets_for_this_dtt !== false && $total_tickets_for_this_dtt < 1) {
-            return EE_Datetime::sold_out;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_expired()) {
-            return EE_Datetime::expired;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_upcoming()) {
-            return EE_Datetime::upcoming;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_active()) {
-            return EE_Datetime::active;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns a nice display name for the datetime that is contingent on the span between the dates and times.
-     *
-     * @param  boolean $use_dtt_name if TRUE then we'll use DTT->name() if its not empty.
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_dtt_display_name($use_dtt_name = false)
-    {
-        if ($use_dtt_name) {
-            $dtt_name = $this->name();
-            if (! empty($dtt_name)) {
-                return $dtt_name;
-            }
-        }
-        // first condition is to see if the months are different
-        if (
-            date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
-        ) {
-            $display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, Y g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, Y g:i a');
-            // next condition is if its the same month but different day
-        } else {
-            if (
-                date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) === date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
-                && date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
-            ) {
-                $display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, g:i a Y');
-            } else {
-                $display_date = $this->start_date('F j\, Y')
-                                . ' @ '
-                                . $this->start_date('g:i a')
-                                . ' - '
-                                . $this->end_date('g:i a');
-            }
-        }
-        return $display_date;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tickets for this datetime
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Ticket', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the ticket types currently available for purchase
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ticket_types_available_for_purchase($query_params = array())
-    {
-        // first check if datetime is valid
-        if ($this->sold_out() || ! ($this->is_upcoming() || $this->is_active())) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        if (empty($query_params)) {
-            $query_params = array(
-                array(
-                    'TKT_start_date' => array('<=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_start_date')),
-                    'TKT_end_date'   => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
-                    'TKT_deleted'    => false,
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->tickets($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Event
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function event()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Event');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the DTT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of registrations for this datetime
-     * (via the tickets).
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_sold()
-    {
-        $count_regs_for_this_datetime = EEM_Registration::instance()->count(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'STS_ID'                 => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
-                    'REG_deleted'            => 0,
-                    'Ticket.Datetime.DTT_ID' => $this->ID(),
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-        $this->set_sold($count_regs_for_this_datetime);
-        $this->save();
-        return $count_regs_for_this_datetime;
-    }
-
-
-    /*******************************************************************
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has no more available spaces
+	 */
+	const sold_out = 'DTS';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicating datetime is still active (even is not over, can be registered-for)
+	 */
+	const active = 'DTA';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicating the datetime cannot be used for registrations yet, but has not
+	 * expired
+	 */
+	const upcoming = 'DTU';
+
+	/**
+	 * Datetime is postponed
+	 */
+	const postponed = 'DTP';
+
+	/**
+	 * Datetime is cancelled
+	 */
+	const cancelled = 'DTC';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used by get_active_status, indicates datetime has expired (event is over)
+	 */
+	const expired = 'DTE';
+
+	/**
+	 * constant used in various places indicating that an event is INACTIVE (not yet ready to be published)
+	 */
+	const inactive = 'DTI';
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values    incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone          incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats      incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the date_format
+	 *                                  and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object(
+			$props_n_values,
+			__CLASS__,
+			$timezone,
+			$date_formats
+		);
+		return $has_object
+			? $has_object
+			: new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $name
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('DTT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $description
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_description($description)
+	{
+		$this->set('DTT_description', $description);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event start date
+	 * set the start date for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_start_date($date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_start');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event start time
+	 * set the start time for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_start_time($time)
+	{
+		$this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_start');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event end date
+	 * set the end date for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date a string representation of the event's date ex:  Dec. 25, 2025 or 12-25-2025
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_end_date($date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_for($date, 'DTT_EVT_end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set event end time
+	 * set the end time for an event
+	 *
+	 * @param string $time a string representation of the event time ex:  9am  or  7:30 PM
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_end_time($time)
+	{
+		$this->_set_time_for($time, 'DTT_EVT_end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set registration limit
+	 * set the maximum number of attendees that can be registered for this datetime slot
+	 *
+	 * @param int $reg_limit
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_reg_limit($reg_limit)
+	{
+		$this->set('DTT_reg_limit', $reg_limit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get the number of tickets sold for this datetime slot
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed int on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_sold');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $sold
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_sold($sold)
+	{
+		// sold can not go below zero
+		$sold = max(0, $sold);
+		$this->set('DTT_sold', $sold);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 * Simultaneously decreases the reserved count, unless $also_decrease_reserved is false.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @param boolean $also_decrease_reserved
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increaseSold($qty = 1, $also_decrease_reserved = true)
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		if ($also_decrease_reserved) {
+			$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+				[
+					'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1,
+					'DTT_sold' => $qty
+				]
+			);
+		} else {
+			$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+				[
+					'DTT_sold' => $qty
+				]
+			);
+		}
+
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->sold(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
+	 * to save afterwards.)
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decreaseSold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'DTT_sold' => $qty * -1
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->sold(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function reserved()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_reserved');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets qty of reserved tickets for this datetime
+	 *
+	 * @param int $reserved
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_reserved($reserved)
+	{
+		// reserved can not go below zero
+		$reserved = max(0, (int) $reserved);
+		$this->set('DTT_reserved', $reserved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increaseReserved($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$success = $this->incrementFieldConditionallyInDb(
+			'DTT_reserved',
+			'DTT_sold',
+			'DTT_reg_limit',
+			$qty
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__increase_reserved',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->reserved(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decreaseReserved($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$success = $this->adjustNumericFieldsInDb(
+			[
+				'DTT_reserved' => $qty * -1
+			]
+		);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Datetime__decrease_reserved',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$this->reserved(),
+			$success
+		);
+		return $success;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * total sold and reserved tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold_and_reserved()
+	{
+		return $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the datetime name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the datetime description
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_description');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper simply returns whether the event_datetime for the current datetime is a primary datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean  TRUE if is primary, FALSE if not.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_primary()
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_is_primary');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper simply returns the order for the datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return int  The order of the datetime for this event.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function order()
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This helper simply returns the parent id for the datetime
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function parent()
+	{
+		return $this->get('DTT_parent');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * show date and/or time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $date_or_time    whether to display a date or time or both
+	 * @param string $start_or_end    whether to display start or end datetimes
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @param bool   $echo            whether we echo or return (note echoing uses "pretty" formats,
+	 *                                otherwise we use the standard formats)
+	 * @return string|bool  string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	private function _show_datetime(
+		$date_or_time = null,
+		$start_or_end = 'start',
+		$dt_frmt = '',
+		$tm_frmt = '',
+		$echo = false
+	) {
+		$field_name = "DTT_EVT_{$start_or_end}";
+		$dtt = $this->_get_datetime(
+			$field_name,
+			$dt_frmt,
+			$tm_frmt,
+			$date_or_time,
+			$echo
+		);
+		if (! $echo) {
+			return $dtt;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get event start date.  Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
+	 * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Echoes start_date()
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_start_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('D', 'start', $dt_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get end date. Provide either the date format, or NULL to re-use the
+	 * last-used format, or '' to use the default date format
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @return mixed            string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Echoes the end date. See end_date()
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_end_date($dt_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('D', 'end', $dt_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get date_range - meaning the start AND end date
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt     string representation of date format defaults to WP settings
+	 * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
+	 *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
+	 * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		$dt_frmt = ! empty($dt_frmt) ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$start = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $dt_frmt)
+		);
+		$end = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $dt_frmt)
+		);
+		return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $conjunction
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->date_range($dt_frmt, $conjunction));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get start time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return mixed        string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_start_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('T', 'start', null, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get end time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $tm_format string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_end_time($tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('T', 'end', null, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get time_range
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $tm_format   string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @param string $conjunction conjunction junction what's your function ?
+	 *                            this string joins the start date with the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
+	 * @return mixed              string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		$tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		$start = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $tm_format)
+		);
+		$end = str_replace(
+			' ',
+			'&nbsp;',
+			$this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format)
+		);
+		return $start !== $end ? $start . $conjunction . $end : $start;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time_range($tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->time_range($tm_format, $conjunction));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns a range representation of the date and times.
+	 * Output is dependent on the difference (or similarity) between DTT_EVT_start and DTT_EVT_end.
+	 * Also, the return value is localized.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_format
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction used between two different dates or times.
+	 *                            ex: Dec 1{$conjunction}}Dec 6, or 2pm{$conjunction}3pm
+	 * @param string $separator   used between the date and time formats.
+	 *                            ex: Dec 1, 2016{$separator}2pm
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function date_and_time_range(
+		$dt_format = '',
+		$tm_format = '',
+		$conjunction = ' - ',
+		$separator = ' '
+	) {
+		$dt_format = ! empty($dt_format) ? $dt_format : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$tm_format = ! empty($tm_format) ? $tm_format : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		$full_format = $dt_format . $separator . $tm_format;
+		// the range output depends on various conditions
+		switch (true) {
+			// start date timestamp and end date timestamp are the same.
+			case ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') === $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end')):
+				$output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format);
+				break;
+			// start and end date are the same but times are different
+			case ($this->start_date() === $this->end_date()):
+				$output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
+						  . $conjunction
+						  . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $tm_format);
+				break;
+			// all other conditions
+			default:
+				$output = $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_start', $full_format)
+						  . $conjunction
+						  . $this->get_i18n_datetime('DTT_EVT_end', $full_format);
+				break;
+		}
+		return $output;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This echos the results of date and time range.
+	 *
+	 * @see date_and_time_range() for more details on purpose.
+	 * @param string $dt_format
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @param string $conjunction
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date_and_time_range($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->date_and_time_range($dt_format, $tm_format, $conjunction));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get start date and start time
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $dt_format - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @param    string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return    mixed    string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_date_and_time($dt_format = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_format, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_start_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('', 'start', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Shows the length of the event (start to end time).
+	 * Can be shown in 'seconds','minutes','hours', or 'days'.
+	 * By default, rounds up. (So if you use 'days', and then event
+	 * only occurs for 1 hour, it will return 1 day).
+	 *
+	 * @param string $units 'seconds','minutes','hours','days'
+	 * @param bool   $round_up
+	 * @return float|int|mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function length($units = 'seconds', $round_up = false)
+	{
+		$start = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
+		$end = $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
+		$length_in_units = $end - $start;
+		switch ($units) {
+			// NOTE: We purposefully don't use "break;" in order to chain the divisions
+			/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+			// phpcs:disable PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration.TerminatingComment
+			case 'days':
+				$length_in_units /= 24;
+			/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+			case 'hours':
+				// fall through is intentional
+				$length_in_units /= 60;
+			/** @noinspection PhpMissingBreakStatementInspection */
+			case 'minutes':
+				// fall through is intentional
+				$length_in_units /= 60;
+			case 'seconds':
+			default:
+				$length_in_units = ceil($length_in_units);
+		}
+		// phpcs:enable
+		if ($round_up) {
+			$length_in_units = max($length_in_units, 1);
+		}
+		return $length_in_units;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get end date and time
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt   - string representation of date format defaults to 'F j, Y'
+	 * @param string $tm_format - string representation of time format defaults to 'g:i a'
+	 * @return    mixed                string on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_end_date_and_time($dt_frmt = '', $tm_format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_show_datetime('', 'end', $dt_frmt, $tm_format, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get start timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @return        int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get end timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @return        int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get the registration limit for this datetime slot
+	 *
+	 * @return        mixed        int on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function reg_limit()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('DTT_reg_limit');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    have the tickets sold for this datetime, met or exceed the registration limit ?
+	 *
+	 * @return        boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold_out()
+	{
+		return $this->reg_limit() > 0 && $this->sold() >= $this->reg_limit();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return the total number of spaces remaining at this venue.
+	 * This only takes the venue's capacity into account, NOT the tickets available for sale
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $consider_tickets Whether to consider tickets remaining when determining if there are any spaces left
+	 *                               Because if all tickets attached to this datetime have no spaces left,
+	 *                               then this datetime IS effectively sold out.
+	 *                               However, there are cases where we just want to know the spaces
+	 *                               remaining for this particular datetime, hence the flag.
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining($consider_tickets = false)
+	{
+		// tickets remaining available for purchase
+		// no need for special checks for infinite, because if DTT_reg_limit == EE_INF, then EE_INF - x = EE_INF
+		$dtt_remaining = $this->reg_limit() - $this->sold_and_reserved();
+		if (! $consider_tickets) {
+			return $dtt_remaining;
+		}
+		$tickets_remaining = $this->tickets_remaining();
+		return min($dtt_remaining, $tickets_remaining);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Counts the total tickets available
+	 * (from all the different types of tickets which are available for this datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets_remaining($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$sum = 0;
+		$tickets = $this->tickets($query_params);
+		if (! empty($tickets)) {
+			foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
+				if ($ticket instanceof EE_Ticket) {
+					// get the actual amount of tickets that can be sold
+					$qty = $ticket->qty('saleable');
+					if ($qty === EE_INF) {
+						return EE_INF;
+					}
+					// no negative ticket quantities plz
+					if ($qty > 0) {
+						$sum += $qty;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $sum;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the count of all the tickets available at this datetime (not ticket types)
+	 * before any were sold
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_tickets_initially_available($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->sum_related('Ticket', $query_params, 'TKT_qty');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the lesser-of-the two: spaces remaining at this datetime, or
+	 * the total tickets remaining (a sum of the tickets remaining for each ticket type
+	 * that is available for this datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime()
+	{
+		return $this->spaces_remaining(true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
+	 * and determines if the date is upcoming or not.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_upcoming()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') > time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal datetime for the given string with NOW
+	 * and returns if the date is active (i.e. start and end time)
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_active()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start') < time() && $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') > time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dtt for the given string with NOW
+	 * and determines if the date is expired or not.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_expired()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end') < time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the active status for whether an event is active, upcoming, or expired
+	 *
+	 * @return int return value will be one of the EE_Datetime status constants.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_active_status()
+	{
+		$total_tickets_for_this_dtt = $this->total_tickets_available_at_this_datetime();
+		if ($total_tickets_for_this_dtt !== false && $total_tickets_for_this_dtt < 1) {
+			return EE_Datetime::sold_out;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_expired()) {
+			return EE_Datetime::expired;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_upcoming()) {
+			return EE_Datetime::upcoming;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_active()) {
+			return EE_Datetime::active;
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns a nice display name for the datetime that is contingent on the span between the dates and times.
+	 *
+	 * @param  boolean $use_dtt_name if TRUE then we'll use DTT->name() if its not empty.
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_dtt_display_name($use_dtt_name = false)
+	{
+		if ($use_dtt_name) {
+			$dtt_name = $this->name();
+			if (! empty($dtt_name)) {
+				return $dtt_name;
+			}
+		}
+		// first condition is to see if the months are different
+		if (
+			date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
+		) {
+			$display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, Y g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, Y g:i a');
+			// next condition is if its the same month but different day
+		} else {
+			if (
+				date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) === date('m', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
+				&& date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_start')) !== date('d', $this->get_raw('DTT_EVT_end'))
+			) {
+				$display_date = $this->start_date('M j\, g:i a') . ' - ' . $this->end_date('M j\, g:i a Y');
+			} else {
+				$display_date = $this->start_date('F j\, Y')
+								. ' @ '
+								. $this->start_date('g:i a')
+								. ' - '
+								. $this->end_date('g:i a');
+			}
+		}
+		return $display_date;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tickets for this datetime
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Ticket', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the ticket types currently available for purchase
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ticket_types_available_for_purchase($query_params = array())
+	{
+		// first check if datetime is valid
+		if ($this->sold_out() || ! ($this->is_upcoming() || $this->is_active())) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		if (empty($query_params)) {
+			$query_params = array(
+				array(
+					'TKT_start_date' => array('<=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_start_date')),
+					'TKT_end_date'   => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
+					'TKT_deleted'    => false,
+				),
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->tickets($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Event
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function event()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Event');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the DTT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of registrations for this datetime
+	 * (via the tickets).
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_sold()
+	{
+		$count_regs_for_this_datetime = EEM_Registration::instance()->count(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'STS_ID'                 => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
+					'REG_deleted'            => 0,
+					'Ticket.Datetime.DTT_ID' => $this->ID(),
+				),
+			)
+		);
+		$this->set_sold($count_regs_for_this_datetime);
+		$this->save();
+		return $count_regs_for_this_datetime;
+	}
+
+
+	/*******************************************************************
      ***********************  DEPRECATED METHODS  **********************
      *******************************************************************/
 
 
-    /**
-     * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->increaseSold($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
-     * to save afterwards.)
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->decreaseSold($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean indicating success
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increase_reserved($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->increaseReserved($qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
-     *
-     * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1)
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            __FUNCTION__,
-            esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
-            '4.9.80.p',
-            '5.0.0.p'
-        );
-        return $this->decreaseReserved($qty);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Increments sold by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->increaseSold($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) sold amount passed by $qty directly in the DB and on the model object. (Ie, no need
+	 * to save afterwards.)
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseSold() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->decreaseSold($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increments reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean indicating success
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increase_reserved($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::increaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->increaseReserved($qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty, and persists it immediately to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1)
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			__FUNCTION__,
+			esc_html__('Please use EE_Datetime::decreaseReserved() instead', 'event_espresso'),
+			'4.9.80.p',
+			'5.0.0.p'
+		);
+		return $this->decreaseReserved($qty);
+	}
 }