eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/db_classes/EE_Event_Venue.class.php

Indentation +17 added lines, -17 removed lines

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 class EE_Event_Venue extends EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Event_Venue|mixed
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Event_Venue|mixed
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Event_Venue
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Event_Venue
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class.class.php

Indentation +45 added lines, -45 removed lines

@@ -12,53 +12,53 @@
 {
 
 
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent _delete() so that we do soft deletes.
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_or_restore();
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent _delete() so that we do soft deletes.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_or_restore();
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Deletes or restores this object.
-     *
-     * @param bool $delete true=>delete, false=>restore
-     * @return bool|int
-     */
-    public function delete_or_restore($delete = true)
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before trashing (soft delete) or restoring a trashed item.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be trashed or restored
-         * @param bool          $delete       true the item is being trashed, false the item is being restored.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class__delete_or_restore__before', $this, $delete);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($delete, $this->ID());
-        /**
-         * Called just after trashing (soft delete) or restoring a trashed item.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just trashed or restored.
-         * @param bool          $delete       true the item is being trashed, false the item is being restored.
-         * @param bool|int      $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class__delete_or_restore__after', $this, $delete, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Deletes or restores this object.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $delete true=>delete, false=>restore
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 */
+	public function delete_or_restore($delete = true)
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before trashing (soft delete) or restoring a trashed item.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be trashed or restored
+		 * @param bool          $delete       true the item is being trashed, false the item is being restored.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class__delete_or_restore__before', $this, $delete);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_or_restore_by_ID($delete, $this->ID());
+		/**
+		 * Called just after trashing (soft delete) or restoring a trashed item.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just trashed or restored.
+		 * @param bool          $delete       true the item is being trashed, false the item is being restored.
+		 * @param bool|int      $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class__delete_or_restore__after', $this, $delete, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Performs a restoration (un-deletes) this object
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     */
-    public function restore()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_or_restore(false);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Performs a restoration (un-deletes) this object
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 */
+	public function restore()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_or_restore(false);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Venue.class.php

Indentation +560 added lines, -560 removed lines

@@ -10,564 +10,564 @@
 class EE_Venue extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Address
 {
 
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets phone
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function phone()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * venue_url
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function venue_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_url');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets desc
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets short description (AKA: the excerpt)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function excerpt()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_short_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets identifier
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function identifier()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_identifier');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets address
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function address()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_address');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets address2
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function address2()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_address2');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets city
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function city()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_city');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets state
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function state_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STA_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function state_abbrev()
-    {
-        return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function state_name()
-    {
-        return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->name() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the state for this venue
-     *
-     * @return EE_State
-     */
-    public function state_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('State');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function state()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())) {
-            return $this->state_abbrev();
-        } else {
-            return $this->state_name();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * country_ID
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function country_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('CNT_ISO');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function country_name()
-    {
-        return $this->country_obj() instanceof EE_Country ? $this->country_obj()->name() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the country of this venue
-     *
-     * @return EE_Country
-     */
-    public function country_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Country');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function country()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())) {
-            return $this->country_ID();
-        } else {
-            return $this->country_name();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets zip
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function zip()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_zip');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets capacity
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function capacity()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('VNU_capacity', 'symbol');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets created
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function created()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_created');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets modified
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function modified()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_modified');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets order
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function order()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets wp_user
-     *
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_wp_user');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function virtual_phone()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_virtual_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function virtual_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_virtual_url');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function enable_for_gmap()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_enable_for_gmap');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function google_map_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get('VNU_google_map_link');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all events happening at this venue. Query parameters can be added to
-     * fetch a subset of those events.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
-     * @param bool  $upcoming
-     * @return EE_Event[]
-     */
-    public function events($query_params = array(), $upcoming = false)
-    {
-        if ($upcoming) {
-            $query_params = array(
-                array(
-                    'status'                 => 'publish',
-                    'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => array(
-                        '>',
-                        EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
-                    ),
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->get_many_related('Event', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets address
-     */
-    public function set_address($address = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_address', $address);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $address2
-     */
-    public function set_address2($address2 = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_address2', $address2);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $city
-     */
-    public function set_city($city = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_city', $city);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $state
-     */
-    public function set_state_ID($state = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('STA_ID', $state);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the state, given either a state id or state object
-     *
-     * @param EE_State /int $state_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_State
-     */
-    public function set_state_obj($state_id_or_obj)
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($state_id_or_obj, 'State');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $country_ID
-     */
-    public function set_country_ID($country_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('CNT_ISO', $country_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the country on the venue
-     *
-     * @param EE_Country /string $country_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Country
-     */
-    public function set_country_obj($country_id_or_obj)
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($country_id_or_obj, 'Country');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $zip
-     */
-    public function set_zip($zip = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_zip', $zip);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $capacity
-     */
-    public function set_capacity($capacity = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_capacity', $capacity);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $created
-     */
-    public function set_created($created = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_created', $created);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $desc
-     */
-    public function set_description($desc = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_desc', $desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $identifier
-     */
-    public function set_identifier($identifier = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_identifier', $identifier);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $modified
-     */
-    public function set_modified($modified = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_modified', $modified);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $name
-     */
-    public function set_name($name = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $order
-     */
-    public function set_order($order = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_order', $order);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $phone
-     */
-    public function set_phone($phone = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_phone', $phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $wp_user
-     */
-    public function set_wp_user($wp_user = 1)
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_wp_user', $wp_user);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $url
-     */
-    public function set_venue_url($url = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_url', $url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $phone
-     */
-    public function set_virtual_phone($phone = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_virtual_phone', $phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $url
-     */
-    public function set_virtual_url($url = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_virtual_url', $url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $enable
-     */
-    public function set_enable_for_gmap($enable = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_enable_for_gmap', $enable);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $google_map_link
-     */
-    public function set_google_map_link($google_map_link = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('VNU_google_map_link', $google_map_link);
-    }
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets phone
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function phone()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * venue_url
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function venue_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_url');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets desc
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets short description (AKA: the excerpt)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function excerpt()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_short_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets identifier
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function identifier()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_identifier');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets address
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function address()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_address');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets address2
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function address2()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_address2');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets city
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function city()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_city');
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets state
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function state_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STA_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function state_abbrev()
+	{
+		return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function state_name()
+	{
+		return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->name() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the state for this venue
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_State
+	 */
+	public function state_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('State');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function state()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())) {
+			return $this->state_abbrev();
+		} else {
+			return $this->state_name();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * country_ID
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function country_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('CNT_ISO');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function country_name()
+	{
+		return $this->country_obj() instanceof EE_Country ? $this->country_obj()->name() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the country of this venue
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Country
+	 */
+	public function country_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Country');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function country()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())) {
+			return $this->country_ID();
+		} else {
+			return $this->country_name();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets zip
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function zip()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_zip');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets capacity
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function capacity()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('VNU_capacity', 'symbol');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets created
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function created()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_created');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets modified
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function modified()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_modified');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets order
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function order()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets wp_user
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_wp_user');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function virtual_phone()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_virtual_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function virtual_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_virtual_url');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function enable_for_gmap()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_enable_for_gmap');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function google_map_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get('VNU_google_map_link');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all events happening at this venue. Query parameters can be added to
+	 * fetch a subset of those events.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params
+	 * @param bool  $upcoming
+	 * @return EE_Event[]
+	 */
+	public function events($query_params = array(), $upcoming = false)
+	{
+		if ($upcoming) {
+			$query_params = array(
+				array(
+					'status'                 => 'publish',
+					'Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => array(
+						'>',
+						EEM_Datetime::instance()->current_time_for_query('DTT_EVT_start'),
+					),
+				),
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->get_many_related('Event', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets address
+	 */
+	public function set_address($address = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_address', $address);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $address2
+	 */
+	public function set_address2($address2 = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_address2', $address2);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $city
+	 */
+	public function set_city($city = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_city', $city);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $state
+	 */
+	public function set_state_ID($state = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('STA_ID', $state);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the state, given either a state id or state object
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_State /int $state_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_State
+	 */
+	public function set_state_obj($state_id_or_obj)
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($state_id_or_obj, 'State');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $country_ID
+	 */
+	public function set_country_ID($country_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('CNT_ISO', $country_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the country on the venue
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Country /string $country_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Country
+	 */
+	public function set_country_obj($country_id_or_obj)
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($country_id_or_obj, 'Country');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $zip
+	 */
+	public function set_zip($zip = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_zip', $zip);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $capacity
+	 */
+	public function set_capacity($capacity = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_capacity', $capacity);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $created
+	 */
+	public function set_created($created = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_created', $created);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $desc
+	 */
+	public function set_description($desc = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_desc', $desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $identifier
+	 */
+	public function set_identifier($identifier = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_identifier', $identifier);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $modified
+	 */
+	public function set_modified($modified = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_modified', $modified);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $name
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $order
+	 */
+	public function set_order($order = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_order', $order);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $phone
+	 */
+	public function set_phone($phone = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_phone', $phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $wp_user
+	 */
+	public function set_wp_user($wp_user = 1)
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_wp_user', $wp_user);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $url
+	 */
+	public function set_venue_url($url = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_url', $url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $phone
+	 */
+	public function set_virtual_phone($phone = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_virtual_phone', $phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $url
+	 */
+	public function set_virtual_url($url = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_virtual_url', $url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $enable
+	 */
+	public function set_enable_for_gmap($enable = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_enable_for_gmap', $enable);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $google_map_link
+	 */
+	public function set_google_map_link($google_map_link = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('VNU_google_map_link', $google_map_link);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Event_Question_Group.class.php

Indentation +17 added lines, -17 removed lines

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@
 class EE_Event_Question_Group extends EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Event_Question_Group|mixed
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Event_Question_Group|mixed
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Event_Question_Group
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Event_Question_Group
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Payment.class.php

Indentation +851 added lines, -851 removed lines

@@ -9,855 +9,855 @@
 class EE_Payment extends EE_Base_Class implements EEI_Payment
 {
 
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int $TXN_ID
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the transaction related to this payment
-     *
-     * @return EE_Transaction
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function transaction()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $STS_ID
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_status($STS_ID = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Timestamp
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int $timestamp
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Method
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $PAY_source
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_source($PAY_source = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Amount
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param float $amount
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_amount($amount = 0.00)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Gateway Response
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $gateway_response
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the name of the payment method used on this payment (previously known merely as 'gateway')
-     * but since 4.6.0, payment methods are models and the payment keeps a foreign key to the payment method
-     * used on it
-     *
-     * @deprecated
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function gateway()
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            'EE_Payment::gateway',
-            __(
-                'The method EE_Payment::gateway() has been deprecated. Consider instead using EE_Payment::payment_method()->name()',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            '4.6.0'
-        );
-        return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Gateway Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Purchase Order Number
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $po_number
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_po_number($po_number = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Extra Accounting Field
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $extra_accntng
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment made via admin flag
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param bool $via_admin
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false)
-    {
-        if ($via_admin) {
-            $this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
-        } else {
-            $this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Details
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string|array $details
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_details($details = '')
-    {
-        if (is_array($details)) {
-            array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
-        } else {
-            $details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
-        }
-        $this->set('PAY_details', $details);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets redirect_url
-     *
-     * @param string $redirect_url
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets redirect_args
-     *
-     * @param array $redirect_args
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function TXN_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TXN_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function STS_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Timestamp
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Source
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function source()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_source');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Amount
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function amount()
-    {
-        return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function amount_no_code()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Gateway Response
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function gateway_response()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Gateway Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function txn_id_chq_nmbr()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Purchase Order Number
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function po_number()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Extra Accounting Field
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_accntng()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment made via admin source
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_made_via_admin()
-    {
-        return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Details
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function details()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_details');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets redirect_url
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets redirect_args
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_args()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes $this->pretty_status()
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        echo $this->pretty_status($show_icons);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        $status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
-            array($this->STS_ID() => __('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
-            false,
-            'sentence'
-        );
-        $icon = '';
-        switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_pending:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-clock ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 lt-grey-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_declined:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-        }
-        return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean whether the payment is approved or not
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_approved()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generally determines if the status of this payment equals
-     * the $STS_ID string
-     *
-     * @param string $STS_ID an ID from the esp_status table/
-     *                       one of the status_id_* on the EEM_Payment model
-     * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function status_is($STS_ID)
-    {
-        return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean whether the payment is pending or not
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_pending()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_cancelled()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_declined()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_failed()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining if the payment is actually a refund ( ie: has a negative value )
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_a_refund()
-    {
-        return $this->amount() < 0 ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the status object of this object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Status
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Status');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Extra_Meta
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
-     * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
-     * offline ones, dont' create payments)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_method()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the HTML for redirecting the user to an offsite gateway
-     * You can pass it special content to put inside the form, or use
-     * the default inner content (or possibly generate this all yourself using
-     * redirect_url() and redirect_args() or redirect_args_as_inputs()).
-     * Creates a POST request by default, but if no redirect args are specified, creates a GET request instead
-     * (and any querystring variables in the redirect_url are converted into html inputs
-     * so browsers submit them properly)
-     *
-     * @param string $inside_form_html
-     * @return string html
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
-    {
-        $redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
-        if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
-            // what ? no inner form content?
-            if ($inside_form_html === null) {
-                $inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
-                    sprintf(
-                        __(
-                            'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        EEH_HTML::br(2),
-                        '<input type="submit" value="',
-                        '">'
-                    ),
-                    '',
-                    '',
-                    'text-align:center;'
-                );
-            }
-            $method = apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EE_Payment__redirect_form__method',
-                $this->redirect_args() ? 'POST' : 'GET',
-                $this
-            );
-            // if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
-            // and put them into the form instead
-            if ($method === 'GET') {
-                $querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
-                $get_params = null;
-                parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
-                $inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
-                $redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
-            }
-            $form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
-                    . '<form method="'
-                    . $method
-                    . '" name="gateway_form" action="'
-                    . $redirect_url
-                    . '">';
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
-            $form .= $inside_form_html;
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
-            return $form;
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes all the name-value pairs of the redirect args into html inputs
-     * and returns the html as a string
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_args_as_inputs()
-    {
-        return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 1d array of key-value pairs into html hidden inputs
-     * and returns the string of html
-     *
-     * @param array $args key-value pairs
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function _args_as_inputs($args)
-    {
-        $html = '';
-        if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
-            foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
-                $html .= EEH_HTML::nl(0)
-                         . '<input type="hidden" name="'
-                         . $name
-                         . '" value="'
-                         . esc_attr($value)
-                         . '"/>';
-            }
-        }
-        return $html;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the currency of the payment.
-     * (At the time of writing, this will always be the currency in the configuration;
-     * however in the future it is anticipated that this will be stored on the payment
-     * object itself)
-     *
-     * @return string for the currency code
-     */
-    public function currency_code()
-    {
-        return EE_Config::instance()->currency->code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * apply wp_strip_all_tags to all elements within an array
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param mixed $item
-     */
-    private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item)
-    {
-        if (is_object($item)) {
-            $item = (array) $item;
-        }
-        if (is_array($item)) {
-            array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
-        } else {
-            $item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns TRUE is this payment was set to approved during this request (or
-     * is approved and was created during this request). False otherwise.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function just_approved()
-    {
-        $original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
-            $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
-            'STS_ID',
-            $this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
-        );
-        $current_status = $this->status();
-        if ($original_status !== EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
-            && $current_status === EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
-        ) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parents' get_pretty() function just for legacy reasons
-     * (to allow ticket https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7420)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
-            return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
-        }
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets details regarding which registrations this payment was applied to
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function registration_payments($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Event|null
-     */
-    public function get_first_event()
-    {
-        $transaction = $this->transaction();
-        if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            $primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
-            if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
-                return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_first_event_name()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_first_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : __('Event', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
-     *
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
-     */
-    public function get_primary_registration()
-    {
-        if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
-     *
-     * @return EE_Attendee|null
-     */
-    public function get_primary_attendee()
-    {
-        $primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
-        if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
-            return $primary_reg->attendee();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int $TXN_ID
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the transaction related to this payment
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Transaction
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function transaction()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $STS_ID
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_status($STS_ID = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int $timestamp
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Method
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $PAY_source
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_source($PAY_source = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Amount
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param float $amount
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_amount($amount = 0.00)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Gateway Response
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $gateway_response
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the name of the payment method used on this payment (previously known merely as 'gateway')
+	 * but since 4.6.0, payment methods are models and the payment keeps a foreign key to the payment method
+	 * used on it
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function gateway()
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			'EE_Payment::gateway',
+			__(
+				'The method EE_Payment::gateway() has been deprecated. Consider instead using EE_Payment::payment_method()->name()',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			'4.6.0'
+		);
+		return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Gateway Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Purchase Order Number
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $po_number
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_po_number($po_number = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Extra Accounting Field
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $extra_accntng
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment made via admin flag
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param bool $via_admin
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false)
+	{
+		if ($via_admin) {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
+		} else {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Details
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string|array $details
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_details($details = '')
+	{
+		if (is_array($details)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
+		} else {
+			$details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
+		}
+		$this->set('PAY_details', $details);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets redirect_url
+	 *
+	 * @param string $redirect_url
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets redirect_args
+	 *
+	 * @param array $redirect_args
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function TXN_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TXN_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function STS_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Source
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function source()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_source');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Amount
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function amount()
+	{
+		return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function amount_no_code()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Gateway Response
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function gateway_response()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Gateway Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function txn_id_chq_nmbr()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Purchase Order Number
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function po_number()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Extra Accounting Field
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_accntng()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment made via admin source
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_made_via_admin()
+	{
+		return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Details
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function details()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_details');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets redirect_url
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets redirect_args
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_args()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes $this->pretty_status()
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		echo $this->pretty_status($show_icons);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		$status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
+			array($this->STS_ID() => __('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
+			false,
+			'sentence'
+		);
+		$icon = '';
+		switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_pending:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-clock ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 lt-grey-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_declined:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+		}
+		return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean whether the payment is approved or not
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_approved()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generally determines if the status of this payment equals
+	 * the $STS_ID string
+	 *
+	 * @param string $STS_ID an ID from the esp_status table/
+	 *                       one of the status_id_* on the EEM_Payment model
+	 * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function status_is($STS_ID)
+	{
+		return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean whether the payment is pending or not
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_pending()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_cancelled()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_declined()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_failed()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining if the payment is actually a refund ( ie: has a negative value )
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_a_refund()
+	{
+		return $this->amount() < 0 ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the status object of this object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Status
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Status');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Extra_Meta
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
+	 * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
+	 * offline ones, dont' create payments)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_method()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the HTML for redirecting the user to an offsite gateway
+	 * You can pass it special content to put inside the form, or use
+	 * the default inner content (or possibly generate this all yourself using
+	 * redirect_url() and redirect_args() or redirect_args_as_inputs()).
+	 * Creates a POST request by default, but if no redirect args are specified, creates a GET request instead
+	 * (and any querystring variables in the redirect_url are converted into html inputs
+	 * so browsers submit them properly)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $inside_form_html
+	 * @return string html
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
+	{
+		$redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
+		if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
+			// what ? no inner form content?
+			if ($inside_form_html === null) {
+				$inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
+					sprintf(
+						__(
+							'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						EEH_HTML::br(2),
+						'<input type="submit" value="',
+						'">'
+					),
+					'',
+					'',
+					'text-align:center;'
+				);
+			}
+			$method = apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EE_Payment__redirect_form__method',
+				$this->redirect_args() ? 'POST' : 'GET',
+				$this
+			);
+			// if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
+			// and put them into the form instead
+			if ($method === 'GET') {
+				$querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
+				$get_params = null;
+				parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
+				$inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
+				$redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
+			}
+			$form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
+					. '<form method="'
+					. $method
+					. '" name="gateway_form" action="'
+					. $redirect_url
+					. '">';
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
+			$form .= $inside_form_html;
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
+			return $form;
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes all the name-value pairs of the redirect args into html inputs
+	 * and returns the html as a string
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_args_as_inputs()
+	{
+		return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a 1d array of key-value pairs into html hidden inputs
+	 * and returns the string of html
+	 *
+	 * @param array $args key-value pairs
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _args_as_inputs($args)
+	{
+		$html = '';
+		if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
+			foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
+				$html .= EEH_HTML::nl(0)
+						 . '<input type="hidden" name="'
+						 . $name
+						 . '" value="'
+						 . esc_attr($value)
+						 . '"/>';
+			}
+		}
+		return $html;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the currency of the payment.
+	 * (At the time of writing, this will always be the currency in the configuration;
+	 * however in the future it is anticipated that this will be stored on the payment
+	 * object itself)
+	 *
+	 * @return string for the currency code
+	 */
+	public function currency_code()
+	{
+		return EE_Config::instance()->currency->code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * apply wp_strip_all_tags to all elements within an array
+	 *
+	 * @access private
+	 * @param mixed $item
+	 */
+	private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item)
+	{
+		if (is_object($item)) {
+			$item = (array) $item;
+		}
+		if (is_array($item)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
+		} else {
+			$item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns TRUE is this payment was set to approved during this request (or
+	 * is approved and was created during this request). False otherwise.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function just_approved()
+	{
+		$original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
+			$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
+			'STS_ID',
+			$this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
+		);
+		$current_status = $this->status();
+		if ($original_status !== EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
+			&& $current_status === EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
+		) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parents' get_pretty() function just for legacy reasons
+	 * (to allow ticket https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7420)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
+			return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : __('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
+		}
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets details regarding which registrations this payment was applied to
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function registration_payments($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Event|null
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event()
+	{
+		$transaction = $this->transaction();
+		if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			$primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
+			if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
+				return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event_name()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_first_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : __('Event', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Registration|null
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_registration()
+	{
+		if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Attendee|null
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_attendee()
+	{
+		$primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
+		if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
+			return $primary_reg->attendee();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
 }

Spacing +6 added lines, -6 removed lines

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ 
      */
     public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
     {
-        return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
+        return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt.' '.$tm_frmt));
     }
 
 
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ 
                     : '';
                 break;
         }
-        return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
+        return $icon.$status[$this->STS_ID()];
     }
 
 
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ 
     public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
     {
         $redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
-        if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
+        if ( ! empty($redirect_url)) {
             // what ? no inner form content?
             if ($inside_form_html === null) {
                 $inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ 
                 $get_params = null;
                 parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
                 $inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
-                $redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
+                $redirect_url = str_replace('?'.$querystring, '', $redirect_url);
             }
             $form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
                     . '<form method="'
@@ -665,9 +665,9 @@ 
                     . '" name="gateway_form" action="'
                     . $redirect_url
                     . '">';
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
+            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1).$this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
             $form .= $inside_form_html;
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
+            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1).'</form>'.EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
             return $form;
         } else {
             return null;

core/db_classes/EE_Base_Class.class.php

Indentation +3140 added lines, -3140 removed lines

@@ -13,3144 +13,3144 @@
 abstract class EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
-     * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
-     * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
-     * which values to override and which to not override.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
-     * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
-     * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
-     * access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-    /**
-     * date format
-     * pattern or format for displaying dates
-     *
-     * @var string $_dt_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_dt_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * time format
-     * pattern or format for displaying time
-     *
-     * @var string $_tm_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_tm_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
-     * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
-     * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
-     * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cached_properties = array();
-
-    /**
-     * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
-     * single
-     * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
-     * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
-     * all others have an array)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
-     * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
-     * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
-     * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
-     * it would be a bug.
-     */
-    protected $_allow_persist = true;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
-     */
-    protected $_has_changes = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected $_model;
-
-    /**
-     * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
-     * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
-     * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
-     * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
-     * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
-     * array as:
-     * array(
-     *  'Registration_Count' => 24
-     * );
-     * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
-     * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
-     * info)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $custom_selection_results = array();
-
-
-    /**
-     * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
-     * play nice
-     *
-     * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
-     *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
-     *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
-     * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
-     *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
-     * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
-     *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
-     * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
-     *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
-     *                                                         format.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
-        // ensure $fieldValues is an array
-        $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
-        // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
-        foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $field_name,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-            list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
-        } else {
-            // set default formats for date and time
-            $this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
-            $this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
-        }
-        // if db model is instantiating
-        if ($bydb) {
-            // client code has indicated these field values are from the database
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set_from_db(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
-                );
-            }
-        } else {
-            // we're constructing a brand
-            // new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // remember what values were passed to this constructor
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
-        // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        // setup all the relations
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-            } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action done at the end of each model object construction
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function allow_persist()
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
-     * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
-     * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $allow_persist
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
-     * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_original($field_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
-            && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
-        ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_class($obj)
-    {
-        return get_class($obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param    string $field_name
-     * @param    mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool      $use_default
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
-        // then don't do anything
-        if (! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
-            && $this->ID()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $this->_has_changes = true;
-        $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                $field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-                $field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-            }
-            $holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
-            // should the value be null?
-            if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                /**
-                 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
-                 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
-                 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
-                 * object.
-                 *
-                 * @since 4.6.10+
-                 */
-                if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
-                    && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
-                    && ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-                ) {
-                    empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
-                        ? $this->set($field_name, time())
-                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
-            }
-            // if we're not in the constructor...
-            // now check if what we set was a primary key
-            if (// note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
-                $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-                && $field_value
-                && $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
-            ) {
-                // if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
-                // what we've explicitly set on this model
-                // or what we have in the db
-                // echo "setting primary key!";
-                $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
-                $obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
-                foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                    if (! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
-                        && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
-                    ) {
-                        $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
-                    }
-                }
-                // oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
-                $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-            }
-            // let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set custom select values for model.
-     *
-     * @param array $custom_select_values
-     */
-    public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
-    {
-        $this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
-     * If not set, returns null.
-     *
-     * @param string $alias
-     * @return string|int|float|null
-     */
-    public function getCustomSelect($alias)
-    {
-        return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
-            ? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
-     * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
-     *
-     * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
-     * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
-     * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
-     * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $this->set($field_name, $field_value);
-            return true;
-        }
-        // ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
-        $this->save();
-        return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
-     * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
-     * Example Usage:
-     * Via EE_Message child class:
-     * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
-     * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
-     * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
-     * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
-     * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
-     * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $column_value = $this->get($field_name);
-        } else {
-            // This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
-            $column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
-        }
-        return $column_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
-     * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
-     * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
-     * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
-    {
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        // make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-        // make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
-        $model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string timezone string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
-     * internally instead of wp set date format options
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_date_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
-     * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_time_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
-     *
-     * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
-     *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
-     * @return mixed string|array
-     */
-    public function get_format($full = true)
-    {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * cache
-     * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
-     * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
-     *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
-     *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
-     * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
-     *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
-     *                                       related thing, no array)
-     */
-    public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
-    {
-        // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // how many things are related ?
-        if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
-            // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
-            // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
-            $return = true;
-        } else {
-            // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
-            // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
-            // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
-            // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
-                // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
-                // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-                                                           instanceof
-                                                           EE_Base_Class
-                    ? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
-            }
-            // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
-                // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
-                // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $cache_id;
-            } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
-                // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $object_to_cache->ID();
-            } else {
-                // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
-                // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-                // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-            }
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
-     * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
-     * @param string|null $cache_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
-    {
-        // first make sure this property exists
-        $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
-     * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
-     *                                 to define how to output the property.
-     *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
-     * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        // verify the field exists
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
-        }
-        $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        // If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
-        }
-        $value = $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
-     * @param bool               $pretty
-     * @param null               $date_or_time
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
-        EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
-        $pretty = false,
-        $date_or_time = null
-    ) {
-        $datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
-        $datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
-        // set the output returned
-        switch ($date_or_time) {
-            case 'D':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
-                break;
-            case 'T':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
-                break;
-            default:
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_properties()
-    {
-        $this->_cached_properties = array();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
-     *
-     * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
-    {
-        $other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
-     * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
-     * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
-     * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
-     *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
-     * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
-     *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
-     *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
-     * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
-     *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
-     *                                                     relation from all
-     */
-    public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
-    {
-        $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        $index_in_cache = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($clear_all) {
-            $obj_removed = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } else {
-            if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-            ) {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
-                ) {
-                    $index_found_at = null;
-                    // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
-                        /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                        if ($obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                            && (
-                                $obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
-                                || $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $index_found_at = $index;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($index_found_at) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
-                    } else {
-                        // it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
-                        // if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
-                        return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-                    }
-                }
-            } elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
-                    /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                    if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-            }
-            // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
-            // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
-            } else {
-                // that thing was never cached anyways.
-                $obj_removed = null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $obj_removed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_cache_after_object_save
-     * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
-     * obtained after being saved to the db
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
-     * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
-     * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_cache_after_object_save(
-        $relationName,
-        EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
-        $current_cache_id = ''
-    ) {
-        // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
-        if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
-            /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
-            // now get the type of relation
-            $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-            // if this is a 1:1 relationship
-            if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-                // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
-            }
-            if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
-            ) {
-                // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
-                // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-            ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-            : null;
-        if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
-            return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
-        }
-        return $cached_array_or_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
-     */
-    public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
-        // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
-        $objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
-        // bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
-        // basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
-        // already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
-        // otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
-        // EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
-        foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
-                if ($model_object->ID()) {
-                    $model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $relationName,
-                        gettype($model_object)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
-            // eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
-            // entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
-            // are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
-            if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
-                if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
-                    // if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
-                    $field_value = null;
-                } else {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
-            }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
-     */
-    public function get_raw($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
-     * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
-     * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
-     *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
-     *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
-     *                                         this field is nullable).
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
-     * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        echo $this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
-     * can be easily used as the value of form input.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function f($field_name)
-    {
-        $this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_f($field_name)
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
-     * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
-     * to see what options are available.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
-     * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
-     * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
-     * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
-     *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
-     *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
-     * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
-     * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
-     * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
-     * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
-     *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
-    {
-        // clear cached property
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        // reset format properties because they are used in get()
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        if ($echo) {
-            $this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @return string            datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
-     * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
-     * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
-     *                           on the object will be used.
-     * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                           field name.
-     */
-    public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
-        return date_i18n(
-            $format,
-            EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
-                $this->get_raw($field_name),
-                $this->_timezone
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
-     * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
-     * thrown.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Field
-     */
-    protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        // check if field is dtt
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            return $field;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $field_name,
-                self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
-     * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
-     * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
-     * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
-     * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
-     */
-    /**
-     * sets the time on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the date on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
-     * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
-     * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
-     *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
-        $field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-        $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                break;
-            case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                break;
-            case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
-                break;
-        }
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
-     * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
-     * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
-     * that could lead to some unexpected results!
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
-     *                                         value being returned.
-     * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
-     * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
-     * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
-     * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string timestamp
-     */
-    public function display_in_my_timezone(
-        $field_name,
-        $callback = 'get_datetime',
-        $args = null,
-        $prepend = '',
-        $append = ''
-    ) {
-        $timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
-        if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn = (array) $field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $callback
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $args = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
-        $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object.
-     * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
-     * override
-     * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
-     *
-     * @return boolean | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
-        $result = $this->_delete();
-        /**
-         * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
-     * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
-     * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
-     * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object permanently from db
-     * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
-     *
-     * @return bool | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
-        $this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
-        /**
-         * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
-     * related model objects
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
-                    // but let's make it consistent
-                    $related_objects = array($related_objects);
-                }
-                foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
-                    // only refresh their cache if they're in memory
-                    if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                        $related_object->clear_cache(
-                            $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                            $this
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
-     * object just before saving.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
-     *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
-     *                                 values before calling save)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return int , 1 on a successful update, the ID of the new entry on insert; 0 on failure or if the model object
-     *                                 isn't allowed to persist (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
-         *
-         * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
-         */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
-            $set_cols_n_values,
-            $this
-        );
-        // set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
-        foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
-            $this->set($column, $value);
-        }
-        // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /**
-         * Saving a model object.
-         * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // now get current attribute values
-        $save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
-        // if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
-        // also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
-        // They have been
-        $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
-            ->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-        // does this model have an autoincrement PK?
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    if ($results) {
-                        // if successful, set the primary key
-                        // but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
-                        // an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
-                        // will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
-                        // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
-                        // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
-                        $pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
-                        $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
-                        $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-                        $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
-                // so check if one like it already exists in the db
-                if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
-                    if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
-                                '<br />'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {// there is NO primary key
-            $already_in_db = false;
-            foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
-                $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
-                if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
-                    $already_in_db = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if ($already_in_db) {
-                $combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-                );
-                $results = $model->update(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $combined_pk_fields_n_values
-                );
-            } else {
-                $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-            }
-        }
-        // restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-            $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
-        );
-        /**
-         * After saving the model object this action is called
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
-         * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
-         *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
-        $this->_has_changes = false;
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
-     * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
-     * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
-     * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
-     * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
-     * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
-     * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
-                    $fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
-                        $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    );
-                    $related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
-                    if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
-                        $related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
-     * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
-     * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
-     * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
-     * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
-     * and this object and properly setup
-     *
-     * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
-    {
-        // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $id = $this->save();
-        } else {
-            $id = $this->ID();
-        }
-        // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
-        foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
-                // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
-                // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
-                /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
-                if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                    // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-                    // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                    $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                    $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                    // }
-                } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
-                        // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                        // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                        // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                        $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                        $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                        // }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * for getting a model while instantiated.
-     *
-     * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_model()
-    {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
-            $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
-            $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
-        } else {
-            $this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        }
-        return $this->_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $props_n_values
-     * @param $classname
-     * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
-    {
-        // TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
-        $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-        if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-        ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
-            return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
-     * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
-     * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
-     * we return false.
-     *
-     * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
-     * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
-     * @param null    $timezone
-     * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $existing = null;
-        $model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-            if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-            ) {
-                $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
-            // no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
-            $existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
-                self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
-                    ->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
-            );
-        }
-        if ($existing) {
-            // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-                $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-            } else {
-                // set default formats for date and time
-                $existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
-                $existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
-            }
-            foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
-                $existing->set($property, $field_value);
-            }
-            return $existing;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
-     *
-     * @access public now, as this is more convenient
-     * @param      $classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
-        return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null   $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        $model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
-        $model->set_timezone($timezone);
-        return $model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
-     * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
-     *
-     * @param null $model_name
-     * @return string like EEM_Attendee
-     */
-    private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
-    {
-        if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
-            $model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
-        } else {
-            $model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-        }
-        return $model_classname;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the name of the primary key attribute
-     *
-     * @param null $classname
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
-    {
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of the primary key.
-     * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
-     * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
-     * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
-     *
-     * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
-     * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
-     *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
-     *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
-     *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
-     *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
-     *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
-     *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
-     * @param null   $cache_id
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-            );
-            // clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
-            if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
-            $this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            // fix the reciprocal relation too
-            if ($otherObject->ID()) {
-                // its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
-                // clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                    null,
-                    true
-                );
-            } else {
-                // it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
-                $otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
-     * from the cache
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
-     *                to the DB yet
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
-     *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
-     *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
-     *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a NEW row is
-     *                created in the join table.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObject
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-            );
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                $this
-            );
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query_params
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        }
-        if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
-            foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $this
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObjects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
-     * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
-     * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
-     *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
-     *                             results if you want IDs
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
-            // if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
-            if ($query_params) {
-                $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // did we already cache the result of this query?
-                $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    // if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
-                    // for that relation. We can cache them then.
-                    foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
-                        $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $cached_results;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
-            $related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-        }
-        return $related_model_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->count_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_count,
-            $distinct
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params  like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
-     *                              By default, uses primary key
-     *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_sum
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
-            // if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
-            // also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
-            // on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
-            if ($query_params
-                || ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
-                     instanceof
-                     EE_Belongs_To_Relation
-            ) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
-                $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
-                    $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_object = $cached_result;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $related_model_object = null;
-            // this doesn't exist in the Db,
-            // but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
-            if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            }
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
-            // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
-                $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-            }
-        }
-        return $related_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
-     * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
-     * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        }
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
-     * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
-     * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-        }
-        $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * is_set
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @param  string $field_name property to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
-     */
-    public function is_set($field_name)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
-     * EE_Error exception if they don't
-     *
-     * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
-     */
-    protected function _property_exists($properties)
-    {
-        foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
-            // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $property_name
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function model_field_array()
-    {
-        $fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        $properties = array();
-        // remove prepended underscore
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
-        }
-        return $properties;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
-     * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
-     * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
-     * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
-     * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
-     * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
-     * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
-     * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
-     * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
-     *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
-     *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     *      }
-     * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
-     * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
-     * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
-     * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @param mixed  $previous_value
-     * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
-     *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($previous_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
-            return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
-        }
-        foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
-            $existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
-        }
-        return count($existing_rows_like_that);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
-     * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
-     * extra meta row was entered, false if not
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param mixed   $meta_value
-     * @param boolean $unique
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
-    {
-        if ($unique) {
-            $existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
-                array(
-                    array(
-                        'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                        'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                        'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    ),
-                )
-            );
-            if ($existing_extra_meta) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        $new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
-                'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
-                'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            )
-        );
-        $new_extra_meta->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
-     * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($meta_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
-     * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
-     * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param boolean $single
-     * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
-     * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
-    {
-        if ($single) {
-            $result = $this->get_first_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                return $result->value();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $results = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($results) {
-                $values = array();
-                foreach ($results as $result) {
-                    if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
-                    }
-                }
-                return $values;
-            }
-        }
-        // if nothing discovered yet return default.
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
-            $default,
-            $meta_key,
-            $single,
-            $this
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
-     * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
-     * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
-     * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
-     * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
-     * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
-     * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
-     * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
-     *
-     * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
-    {
-        $return_array = array();
-        if ($one_of_each_key) {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
-            );
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
-                    }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $return_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        // find a field that's not a text field
-        $field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
-        if ($field_we_can_use) {
-            return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
-        }
-        $first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
-        $first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
-        $name_parts = array();
-        foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
-            $name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
-        }
-        return implode(',', $name_parts);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * in_entity_map
-     * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function in_entity_map()
-    {
-        // well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
-        return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_from_db
-     * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
-     * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
-     */
-    public function refresh_from_db()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
-            $this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
-        } else {
-            // if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
-            // if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
-            // that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
-            // absolutely nothing in it for this ID
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
-     * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function __toString()
-    {
-        try {
-            return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
-     * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
-     * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
-     * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
-     * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
-     * Eg, the following won't work:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $reg->attendee()->save();
-     * And would need to be replace with:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $att->save();
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __sleep()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-                if ($this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
-                    && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                ) {
-                    $this->clear_cache(
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
-        $properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
-        // don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
-        unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
-        return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-     * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
-     * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
-     * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
-     */
-    public function __wakeup()
-    {
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
-     * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
-     */
-    public function __clone()
-    {
-        // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
+	 * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
+	 * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
+	 * which values to override and which to not override.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
+	 * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
+	 * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
+	 * access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+	/**
+	 * date format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying dates
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_dt_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_dt_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * time format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying time
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_tm_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_tm_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
+	 * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
+	 * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
+	 * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cached_properties = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
+	 * single
+	 * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
+	 * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
+	 * all others have an array)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
+	 * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
+	 * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
+	 * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
+	 * it would be a bug.
+	 */
+	protected $_allow_persist = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
+	 */
+	protected $_has_changes = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_model;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
+	 * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
+	 * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
+	 * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
+	 * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
+	 * array as:
+	 * array(
+	 *  'Registration_Count' => 24
+	 * );
+	 * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
+	 * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
+	 * info)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $custom_selection_results = array();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
+	 * play nice
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
+	 *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
+	 *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
+	 * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
+	 *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
+	 * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
+	 *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
+	 * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
+	 *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
+	 *                                                         format.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
+		// ensure $fieldValues is an array
+		$fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
+		// verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
+		foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$field_name,
+						get_class($this),
+						implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+			list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
+		} else {
+			// set default formats for date and time
+			$this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
+			$this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
+		}
+		// if db model is instantiating
+		if ($bydb) {
+			// client code has indicated these field values are from the database
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set_from_db(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
+				);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// we're constructing a brand
+			// new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// remember what values were passed to this constructor
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
+		// remember in entity mapper
+		if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		// setup all the relations
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+			} else {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action done at the end of each model object construction
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function allow_persist()
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
+	 * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
+	 * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $allow_persist
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
+	 * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_original($field_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+			&& $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
+		) {
+			return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_class($obj)
+	{
+		return get_class($obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $field_name
+	 * @param    mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool      $use_default
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
+		// then don't do anything
+		if (! $use_default
+			&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+			&& $this->ID()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$this->_has_changes = true;
+		$field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				$field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+				$field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+			}
+			$holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
+			// should the value be null?
+			if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				/**
+				 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
+				 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
+				 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
+				 * object.
+				 *
+				 * @since 4.6.10+
+				 */
+				if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
+					&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
+					&& ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+				) {
+					empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
+						? $this->set($field_name, time())
+						: $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
+			}
+			// if we're not in the constructor...
+			// now check if what we set was a primary key
+			if (// note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
+				$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+				&& $field_value
+				&& $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
+			) {
+				// if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
+				// what we've explicitly set on this model
+				// or what we have in the db
+				// echo "setting primary key!";
+				$fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
+				$obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
+				foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
+					if (! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+						&& $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
+					) {
+						$this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
+					}
+				}
+				// oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
+				$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+			}
+			// let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set custom select values for model.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $custom_select_values
+	 */
+	public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
+	{
+		$this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
+	 * If not set, returns null.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias
+	 * @return string|int|float|null
+	 */
+	public function getCustomSelect($alias)
+	{
+		return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
+			? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
+	 * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
+	 *
+	 * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
+	 * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
+	 * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$this->set($field_name, $field_value);
+			return true;
+		}
+		// ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
+		$this->save();
+		return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
+	 * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
+	 * Example Usage:
+	 * Via EE_Message child class:
+	 * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
+	 * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
+	 * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
+	 * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
+	 * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
+	 * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$column_value = $this->get($field_name);
+		} else {
+			// This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
+			$column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
+		}
+		return $column_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
+	 * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
+	 * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
+	 * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
+	{
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		// make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+		// make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
+		$model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string timezone string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
+	 * internally instead of wp set date format options
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_date_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
+	 * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_time_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
+	 *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
+	 * @return mixed string|array
+	 */
+	public function get_format($full = true)
+	{
+		return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cache
+	 * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
+	 * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
+	 *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
+	 *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
+	 * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
+	 *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
+	 *                                       related thing, no array)
+	 */
+	public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
+	{
+		// its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
+		if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
+		if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// how many things are related ?
+		if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			// if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
+			// eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
+			// so for these model objects just set it to be cached
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
+			$return = true;
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
+			// so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
+			// eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
+			// so we cache the registrations in an array
+			if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
+				// if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
+				// then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+														   instanceof
+														   EE_Base_Class
+					? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
+			}
+			// first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
+			if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+				// if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
+				// with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $cache_id;
+			} elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
+				// OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $object_to_cache->ID();
+			} else {
+				// OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
+				// move the internal pointer to the end of the array
+				end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+				// and grab the key so that we can return it
+				$return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+			}
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
+	 * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
+	 * @param string|null $cache_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
+	{
+		// first make sure this property exists
+		$this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
+		$this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
+	 * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
+	 *                                 to define how to output the property.
+	 *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
+	 * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		// verify the field exists
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
+		$cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
+			return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+		}
+		$value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		$this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		// If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		}
+		if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
+			$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+		}
+		$value = $pretty
+			? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
+			: $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
+	 * @param bool               $pretty
+	 * @param null               $date_or_time
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
+		EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
+		$pretty = false,
+		$date_or_time = null
+	) {
+		$datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
+		$datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
+		// set the output returned
+		switch ($date_or_time) {
+			case 'D':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
+				break;
+			case 'T':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
+				break;
+			default:
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_properties()
+	{
+		$this->_cached_properties = array();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
+			unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
+	{
+		$other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
+	 * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
+	 * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
+	 * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
+	 *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
+	 * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
+	 *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
+	 *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
+	 * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
+	 *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
+	 *                                                     relation from all
+	 */
+	public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
+	{
+		$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		$index_in_cache = '';
+		if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($clear_all) {
+			$obj_removed = true;
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} else {
+			if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
+				&& $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+			) {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
+				if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+					&& ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
+				) {
+					$index_found_at = null;
+					// find this object in the array even though it has a different key
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
+						/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+						if ($obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
+							&& (
+								$obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
+								|| $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+							)
+						) {
+							$index_found_at = $index;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($index_found_at) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
+					} else {
+						// it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
+						// if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
+						return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+					}
+				}
+			} elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
+					/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+					if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+			}
+			// supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
+			// provided a bad index/object
+			if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
+				$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+			} else {
+				// that thing was never cached anyways.
+				$obj_removed = null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $obj_removed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_cache_after_object_save
+	 * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
+	 * obtained after being saved to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
+	 * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
+	 * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_cache_after_object_save(
+		$relationName,
+		EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
+		$current_cache_id = ''
+	) {
+		// verify that incoming object is of the correct type
+		$obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+		if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
+			/* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
+			// now get the type of relation
+			$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+			// if this is a 1:1 relationship
+			if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				// then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+				// or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
+			}
+			if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+				&& isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
+			) {
+				// then remove the current cached item
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+				// and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+			? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+			: null;
+		if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
+			return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
+		}
+		return $cached_array_or_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
+	 */
+	public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
+		// if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
+		$objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
+		// bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
+		// basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
+		// already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
+		// otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
+		// EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
+		foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
+				if ($model_object->ID()) {
+					$model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+				}
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$relationName,
+						gettype($model_object)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
+			// eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
+			// entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
+			// are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
+			if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
+				if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
+					// if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
+					$field_value = null;
+				} else {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
+			}
+			$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
+	 * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
+	 */
+	public function get_raw($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
+			: $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
+	 * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
+	 * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
+	 *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
+	 *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
+	 *                                         this field is nullable).
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
+	 * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		echo $this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
+	 * can be easily used as the value of form input.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function f($field_name)
+	{
+		$this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_f($field_name)
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
+	 * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
+	 * to see what options are available.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
+	 * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
+	 * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
+	 * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
+	 *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
+	 *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
+	 * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
+	 * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
+	 * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
+	 * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
+	 *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
+	{
+		// clear cached property
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		// reset format properties because they are used in get()
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		if ($echo) {
+			$this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @return string            datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
+	 * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
+	 * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
+	 *                           on the object will be used.
+	 * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                           field name.
+	 */
+	public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+		return date_i18n(
+			$format,
+			EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
+				$this->get_raw($field_name),
+				$this->_timezone
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
+	 * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
+	 * thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Field
+	 */
+	protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		// check if field is dtt
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			return $field;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$field_name,
+				self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
+	 * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
+	 * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
+	 * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
+	 * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * sets the time on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the date on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
+	 * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
+	 * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
+	 *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
+		$field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+		$field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'T':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				break;
+			case 'D':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				break;
+			case 'B':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+				break;
+		}
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
+	 * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
+	 * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
+	 * that could lead to some unexpected results!
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
+	 *                                         value being returned.
+	 * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
+	 * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
+	 * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
+	 * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string timestamp
+	 */
+	public function display_in_my_timezone(
+		$field_name,
+		$callback = 'get_datetime',
+		$args = null,
+		$prepend = '',
+		$append = ''
+	) {
+		$timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
+		if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		$fn = (array) $field_name;
+		$args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
+		if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$callback
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$args = (array) $args;
+		$return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+		$this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object.
+	 * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
+	 * override
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
+		$result = $this->_delete();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
+	 * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
+	 * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object permanently from db
+	 * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
+	 *
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
+		$this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
+	 * related model objects
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+				$related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
+					// but let's make it consistent
+					$related_objects = array($related_objects);
+				}
+				foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
+					// only refresh their cache if they're in memory
+					if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+						$related_object->clear_cache(
+							$model->get_this_model_name(),
+							$this
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
+	 * object just before saving.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
+	 *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
+	 *                                 values before calling save)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return int , 1 on a successful update, the ID of the new entry on insert; 0 on failure or if the model object
+	 *                                 isn't allowed to persist (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
+		 *
+		 * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
+		 */
+		$set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
+			$set_cols_n_values,
+			$this
+		);
+		// set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
+		foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
+			$this->set($column, $value);
+		}
+		// no changes ? then don't do anything
+		if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Saving a model object.
+		 * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
+		if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		// now get current attribute values
+		$save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
+		// if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
+		// also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
+		// They have been
+		$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
+			->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+		// does this model have an autoincrement PK?
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				// ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
+				if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					if ($results) {
+						// if successful, set the primary key
+						// but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
+						// an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
+						// will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
+						// will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
+						// but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
+						$pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
+						$this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+						$this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
+						$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+						$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+					}
+				}
+			} else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
+				// so check if one like it already exists in the db
+				if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
+					if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								get_class($this),
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+								'<br />'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {// there is NO primary key
+			$already_in_db = false;
+			foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
+				$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
+				if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
+					$already_in_db = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($already_in_db) {
+				$combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+				);
+				$results = $model->update(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$combined_pk_fields_n_values
+				);
+			} else {
+				$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+			}
+		}
+		// restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+			$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
+		);
+		/**
+		 * After saving the model object this action is called
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
+		 * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
+		 *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
+		$this->_has_changes = false;
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
+	 * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
+	 * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
+	 * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
+	 * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
+	 * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
+	 * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
+					$fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
+						$model->get_this_model_name()
+					);
+					$related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
+					if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
+						$related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
+	 * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
+	 * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
+	 * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
+	 * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
+	 * and this object and properly setup
+	 *
+	 * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
+	{
+		// make sure this has been saved
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$id = $this->save();
+		} else {
+			$id = $this->ID();
+		}
+		// now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
+		foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
+			if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
+				// is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
+				// or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
+				/* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
+				if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+					// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+					$related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+					// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+					$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+					$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+					// }
+				} else {
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
+						// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+						// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+						// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+						$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+						$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+						// }
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * for getting a model while instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_model()
+	{
+		if (! $this->_model) {
+			$modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
+			$this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
+		} else {
+			$this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		}
+		return $this->_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $props_n_values
+	 * @param $classname
+	 * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
+	{
+		// TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
+		$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+		if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+			&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+		) {
+			$id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+			return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
+	 * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
+	 * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
+	 * we return false.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
+	 * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
+	 * @param null    $timezone
+	 * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$existing = null;
+		$model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+			if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+				&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+			) {
+				$existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
+					$props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
+			// no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
+			$existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
+				self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
+					->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($existing) {
+			// set date formats if present before setting values
+			if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+				$existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+			} else {
+				// set default formats for date and time
+				$existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
+				$existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
+			}
+			foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
+				$existing->set($property, $field_value);
+			}
+			return $existing;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
+	 *
+	 * @access public now, as this is more convenient
+	 * @param      $classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		// find model for this class
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
+		return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_classname
+	 * @param null   $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		$model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
+		$model->set_timezone($timezone);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
+	 * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
+	 *
+	 * @param null $model_name
+	 * @return string like EEM_Attendee
+	 */
+	private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
+	{
+		if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
+			$model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
+		} else {
+			$model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+		}
+		return $model_classname;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the name of the primary key attribute
+	 *
+	 * @param null $classname
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
+	{
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the value of the primary key.
+	 * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
+	 * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
+	 * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
+	 *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
+	 *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
+	 *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
+	 *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
+	 *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
+	 *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
+	 * @param null   $cache_id
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+			);
+			// clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
+			if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
+			if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
+			$this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			// fix the reciprocal relation too
+			if ($otherObject->ID()) {
+				// its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
+				// clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$model->get_this_model_name(),
+					null,
+					true
+				);
+			} else {
+				// it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
+				$otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
+	 * from the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
+	 *                to the DB yet
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
+	 *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
+	 *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
+	 *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a NEW row is
+	 *                created in the join table.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObject
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+			);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$otherObject->clear_cache(
+				$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+				$this
+			);
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's $query_params[0] (where conditions)
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query_params
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		}
+		if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
+			foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					$this
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObjects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
+	 * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
+	 * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
+	 *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
+	 *                             results if you want IDs
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
+			// if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
+			if ($query_params) {
+				$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// did we already cache the result of this query?
+				$cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_results) {
+					$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					// if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
+					// for that relation. We can cache them then.
+					foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
+						$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $cached_results;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
+			$related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+		}
+		return $related_model_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->count_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_count,
+			$distinct
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params  like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
+	 *                              By default, uses primary key
+	 *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_sum
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
+			// if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
+			// also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
+			// on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
+			if ($query_params
+				|| ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
+					 instanceof
+					 EE_Belongs_To_Relation
+			) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
+				$cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_result) {
+					$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_object = $cached_result;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$related_model_object = null;
+			// this doesn't exist in the Db,
+			// but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
+			if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			}
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
+			// just get what's cached on this object
+			if (! $related_model_object) {
+				$related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+			}
+		}
+		return $related_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
+	 * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
+	 * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		}
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
+	 * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
+	 * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+		}
+		$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * is_set
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @param  string $field_name property to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
+	 */
+	public function is_set($field_name)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
+	 * EE_Error exception if they don't
+	 *
+	 * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
+	 */
+	protected function _property_exists($properties)
+	{
+		foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
+			// first make sure this property exists
+			if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$property_name
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function model_field_array()
+	{
+		$fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		$properties = array();
+		// remove prepended underscore
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
+			$properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+		}
+		return $properties;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
+	 * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
+	 * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
+	 * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
+	 * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
+	 * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
+	 * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
+	 * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
+	 * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
+	 *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
+	 *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 *      }
+	 * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
+	 * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
+	 * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
+	 * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @param mixed  $previous_value
+	 * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
+	 *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($previous_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		$existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+		if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+			return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
+		}
+		foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
+			$existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
+		}
+		return count($existing_rows_like_that);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
+	 * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
+	 * extra meta row was entered, false if not
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed   $meta_value
+	 * @param boolean $unique
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
+	{
+		if ($unique) {
+			$existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
+				array(
+					array(
+						'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+						'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+						'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					),
+				)
+			);
+			if ($existing_extra_meta) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		$new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
+				'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
+				'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			)
+		);
+		$new_extra_meta->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
+	 * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($meta_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
+	 * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
+	 * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param boolean $single
+	 * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
+	 * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
+	{
+		if ($single) {
+			$result = $this->get_first_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+				return $result->value();
+			}
+		} else {
+			$results = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($results) {
+				$values = array();
+				foreach ($results as $result) {
+					if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+						$values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+					}
+				}
+				return $values;
+			}
+		}
+		// if nothing discovered yet return default.
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
+			$default,
+			$meta_key,
+			$single,
+			$this
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
+	 * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
+	 * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
+	 * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
+	 * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
+	 * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
+	{
+		$return_array = array();
+		if ($one_of_each_key) {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
+			);
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
+						$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
+					}
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $return_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		// find a field that's not a text field
+		$field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
+		if ($field_we_can_use) {
+			return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
+		}
+		$first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
+		$first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
+		$name_parts = array();
+		foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
+			$name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
+		}
+		return implode(',', $name_parts);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * in_entity_map
+	 * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function in_entity_map()
+	{
+		// well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
+		return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
+	 * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
+	 */
+	public function refresh_from_db()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
+			$this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
+		} else {
+			// if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
+			// if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
+			// that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
+			// absolutely nothing in it for this ID
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$this->ID(),
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
+	 * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString()
+	{
+		try {
+			return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
+	 * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
+	 * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
+	 * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
+	 * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
+	 * Eg, the following won't work:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $reg->attendee()->save();
+	 * And would need to be replace with:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $att->save();
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+				if ($this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
+					&& $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+				) {
+					$this->clear_cache(
+						$relation_name,
+						$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
+		$properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
+		// don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
+		unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
+		return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+	 * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
+	 * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
+	 * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
+	 * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
+	 */
+	public function __clone()
+	{
+		// handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
+			if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

Spacing +120 added lines, -120 removed lines

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ 
         $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
         // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
         foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+            if ( ! isset($model_fields[$field_name])) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ 
             }
         }
         $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+        if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
             list($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt) = $date_formats;
         } else {
             // set default formats for date and time
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ 
             foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
                 $this->set_from_db(
                     $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
+                    isset($fieldValues[$fieldName]) ? $fieldValues[$fieldName] : null
                 );
             }
         } else {
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ 
             foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
                 $this->set(
                     $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
+                    isset($fieldValues[$fieldName]) ? $fieldValues[$fieldName] : null,
                     true
                 );
             }
@@ -191,15 +191,15 @@ 
         // remember what values were passed to this constructor
         $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
         // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
             $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
         }
         // setup all the relations
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
             if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = null;
             } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
+                $this->_model_relations[$relation_name] = array();
             }
         }
         /**
@@ -250,10 +250,10 @@ 
      */
     public function get_original($field_name)
     {
-        if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+        if (isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name])
             && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
         ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[$field_name]);
         }
         return null;
     }
@@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ 
     {
         // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
         // then don't do anything
-        if (! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+        if ( ! $use_default
+            && $this->_fields[$field_name] === $field_value
             && $this->ID()
         ) {
             return;
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ 
             $holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
             // should the value be null?
             if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
                 /**
                  * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
                  * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
@@ -317,15 +317,15 @@ 
                  * @since 4.6.10+
                  */
                 if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
-                    && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
-                    && ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+                    && $this->_fields[$field_name] !== null
+                    && ! $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
                 ) {
-                    empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
+                    empty($this->_fields[$field_name])
                         ? $this->set($field_name, time())
-                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[$field_name]);
                 }
             } else {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
+                $this->_fields[$field_name] = $holder_of_value;
             }
             // if we're not in the constructor...
             // now check if what we set was a primary key
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ 
                 $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
                 $obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
                 foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                    if (! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+                    if ( ! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
                         && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
                     ) {
                         $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
@@ -386,8 +386,8 @@ 
      */
     public function getCustomSelect($alias)
     {
-        return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
-            ? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
+        return isset($this->custom_selection_results[$alias])
+            ? $this->custom_selection_results[$alias]
             : null;
     }
 
@@ -474,8 +474,8 @@ 
         foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
             if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
                 $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+                if (isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime) {
+                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[$field_name], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_format($full = true)
     {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt.' '.$this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
     }
 
 
@@ -559,11 +559,11 @@ 
     public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
     {
         // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+        if ( ! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
             return false;
         }
         // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
+        if ( ! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -577,38 +577,38 @@ 
             // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
             // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
             // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
+            $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $object_to_cache;
             $return = true;
         } else {
             // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
             // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
             // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
             // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
+            if ( ! is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])) {
                 // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
                 // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+                $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $this->_model_relations[$relationName]
                                                            instanceof
                                                            EE_Base_Class
-                    ? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
+                    ? array($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) : array();
             }
             // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+            if ( ! empty($cache_id)) {
                 // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
                 // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$cache_id] = $object_to_cache;
                 $return = $cache_id;
             } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
                 // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$object_to_cache->ID()] = $object_to_cache;
                 $return = $object_to_cache->ID();
             } else {
                 // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][] = $object_to_cache;
                 // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+                end($this->_model_relations[$relationName]);
                 // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+                $return = key($this->_model_relations[$relationName]);
             }
         }
         return $return;
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ 
         // first make sure this property exists
         $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
         $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+        $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type] = $value;
     }
 
 
@@ -663,9 +663,9 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
         $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_'.$extra_cache_ref : '';
+        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type])) {
+            return $this->_cached_properties[$fieldname][$cache_type];
         }
         $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
         $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
@@ -693,12 +693,12 @@ 
         if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
             $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
         }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+        if ( ! isset($this->_fields[$fieldname])) {
+            $this->_fields[$fieldname] = null;
         }
         $value = $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[$fieldname], $extra_cache_ref)
+            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[$fieldname]);
         return $value;
     }
 
@@ -756,8 +756,8 @@ 
      */
     protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
     {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name])) {
+            unset($this->_cached_properties[$property_name]);
         }
     }
 
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ 
     {
         $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
         $index_in_cache = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+        if ( ! $relationship_to_model) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -820,21 +820,21 @@ 
         }
         if ($clear_all) {
             $obj_removed = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+            $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = null;
         } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relationName];
+            $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = null;
         } else {
             if ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
                 && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
             ) {
                 $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
+                if (is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
+                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache])
                 ) {
                     $index_found_at = null;
                     // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
+                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relationName] as $index => $obj) {
                         /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
                         if ($obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
                             && (
@@ -867,9 +867,9 @@ 
             }
             // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
             // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+            if (isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache])) {
+                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache];
+                unset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$index_in_cache]);
             } else {
                 // that thing was never cached anyways.
                 $obj_removed = null;
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ 
         $current_cache_id = ''
     ) {
         // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+        $obj_class = 'EE_'.$relationName;
         if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
             /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
             // now get the type of relation
@@ -908,17 +908,17 @@ 
             // if this is a 1:1 relationship
             if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
                 // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relationName] = $newly_saved_object;
                 return true;
                 // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
             }
-            if (is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
+            if (is_array($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
+                && isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$current_cache_id])
             ) {
                 // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+                unset($this->_model_relations[$relationName][$current_cache_id]);
                 // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+                $this->_model_relations[$relationName][$newly_saved_object->ID()] = $newly_saved_object;
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -935,8 +935,8 @@ 
      */
     public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
     {
-        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-            ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName])
+            ? $this->_model_relations[$relationName]
             : null;
         if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
             return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
     {
-        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
+        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) ? $this->_model_relations[$relationName] : array();
         // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
         $objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
         // bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
             }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+            $this->_fields[$field_name] = $field_value;
             $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
         }
     }
@@ -1183,9 +1183,9 @@ 
     public function get_raw($field_name)
     {
         $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
+            ? $this->_fields[$field_name]->format('U')
+            : $this->_fields[$field_name];
     }
 
 
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ 
     public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
     {
         $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+        if ( ! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
             EE_Error::add_error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -1222,8 +1222,8 @@ 
             );
             return false;
         }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+        return isset($this->_fields[$field_name]) && $this->_fields[$field_name] instanceof DateTime
+            ? clone $this->_fields[$field_name]
             : null;
     }
 
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
     {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt.' '.$this->_tm_frmt : $format;
         return date_i18n(
             $format,
             EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
@@ -1577,19 +1577,19 @@ 
         $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
         switch ($what) {
             case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+                $this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
                     $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+                    $this->_fields[$fieldname]
                 );
                 break;
             case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+                $this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
                     $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+                    $this->_fields[$fieldname]
                 );
                 break;
             case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+                $this->_fields[$fieldname] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
                 break;
         }
         $this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
@@ -1631,7 +1631,7 @@ 
         $this->set_timezone($timezone);
         $fn = (array) $field_name;
         $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+        if ( ! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -1643,7 +1643,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         $args = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+        $return = $prepend.call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args).$append;
         $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
         return $return;
     }
@@ -1758,8 +1758,8 @@ 
     {
         $model = $this->get_model();
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+            if ( ! empty($this->_model_relations[$relation_name])) {
+                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[$relation_name];
                 if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
                     // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
                     // but let's make it consistent
@@ -1816,7 +1816,7 @@ 
             $this->set($column, $value);
         }
         // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+        if ( ! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
             return 0;
         }
         /**
@@ -1826,7 +1826,7 @@ 
          * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
          */
         do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+        if ( ! $this->allow_persist()) {
             return 0;
         }
         // now get current attribute values
@@ -1841,10 +1841,10 @@ 
         if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
             if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
                 // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+                if ( ! empty($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()])) {
                     $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
                 } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+                    unset($save_cols_n_values[$model->primary_key_name()]);
                     $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
                     if ($results) {
                         // if successful, set the primary key
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@ 
                         // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
                         // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
                         $pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+                        $this->_fields[$pk_field_name] = $results;
                         $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
                         $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
                         $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
@@ -1871,8 +1871,8 @@ 
                                     'event_espresso'
                                 ),
                                 get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+                                get_class($model).'::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+                                get_class($model).'::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
                                 '<br />'
                             )
                         );
@@ -1974,27 +1974,27 @@ 
     public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
     {
         // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
+        if ( ! $this->ID()) {
             $id = $this->save();
         } else {
             $id = $this->ID();
         }
         // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
         foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
+            if ($this->_model_relations[$relationName]) {
                 // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
                 // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
                 /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
                 if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
                     // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
                     // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[$relationName];
                     // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
                     $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
                     $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
                     // }
                 } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
+                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[$relationName] as $related_model_obj) {
                         // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
                         // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
                         // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
@@ -2021,7 +2021,7 @@ 
      */
     public function get_model()
     {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
+        if ( ! $this->_model) {
             $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
             $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
         } else {
@@ -2046,9 +2046,9 @@ 
         // TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
         $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
         if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+            && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])
         ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+            $id = $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref];
             return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
         }
         return false;
@@ -2082,10 +2082,10 @@ 
         if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
             $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
             if (array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+                && ! empty($props_n_values[$primary_id_ref])
             ) {
                 $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+                    $props_n_values[$primary_id_ref]
                 );
             }
         } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
@@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ 
         }
         if ($existing) {
             // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+            if ( ! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
                 $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
                 $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
             } else {
@@ -2130,7 +2130,7 @@ 
     protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
     {
         // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
+        if ( ! $classname) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -2179,7 +2179,7 @@ 
         if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
             $model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
         } else {
-            $model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+            $model_classname = 'EEM_'.$model_name;
         }
         return $model_classname;
     }
@@ -2198,7 +2198,7 @@ 
      */
     protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
     {
-        if (! $classname) {
+        if ( ! $classname) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
@@ -2228,7 +2228,7 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
         if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+            return $this->_fields[$model->primary_key_name()];
         }
         return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
     }
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ 
             }
         } else {
             // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+            if ( ! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -2446,7 +2446,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 // did we already cache the result of this query?
                 $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
+                if ( ! $cached_results) {
                     $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
                         $this,
                         $relationName,
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@ 
             } else {
                 // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
                 $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
+                if ( ! $cached_result) {
                     $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
                         $this,
                         $relationName,
@@ -2580,7 +2580,7 @@ 
             }
             // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
             // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
+            if ( ! $related_model_object) {
                 $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
             }
         }
@@ -2662,7 +2662,7 @@ 
      */
     public function is_set($field_name)
     {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+        return isset($this->_fields[$field_name]);
     }
 
 
@@ -2678,7 +2678,7 @@ 
     {
         foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
             // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+            if ( ! $this->_fields[$property_name]) {
                 throw new EE_Error(
                     sprintf(
                         esc_html__(
@@ -2710,7 +2710,7 @@ 
         $properties = array();
         // remove prepended underscore
         foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+            $properties[$field_name] = $this->get($field_name);
         }
         return $properties;
     }
@@ -2747,7 +2747,7 @@ 
     {
         $className = get_class($this);
         $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+        if ( ! has_filter($tagName)) {
             throw new EE_Error(
                 sprintf(
                     esc_html__(
@@ -2792,7 +2792,7 @@ 
             $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
         }
         $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+        if ( ! $existing_rows_like_that) {
             return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
         }
         foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
@@ -2910,7 +2910,7 @@ 
                 $values = array();
                 foreach ($results as $result) {
                     if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+                        $values[$result->ID()] = $result->value();
                     }
                 }
                 return $values;
@@ -2955,17 +2955,17 @@ 
             );
             foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
                 if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+                    $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
                 }
             }
         } else {
             $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
             foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
                 if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
+                    if ( ! isset($return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()])) {
+                        $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()] = array();
                     }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+                    $return_array[$extra_meta_obj->key()][$extra_meta_obj->ID()] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3046,8 +3046,8 @@ 
                             'event_espresso'
                         ),
                         $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+                        get_class($this->get_model()).'::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+                        get_class($this->get_model()).'::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
                     )
                 );
             }
@@ -3109,7 +3109,7 @@ 
         $model = $this->get_model();
         foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
             if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+                $classname = 'EE_'.$model->get_this_model_name();
                 if ($this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
                     && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
                 ) {
@@ -3149,7 +3149,7 @@ 
         // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
         foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
             if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+                $this->_fields[$field] = clone $value;
             }
         }
     }

core/db_classes/EE_Status.class.php

Indentation +138 added lines, -138 removed lines

@@ -12,142 +12,142 @@
 class EE_Status extends EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Status
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Status
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets code
-     *
-     * @param bool   $plural
-     * @param string $schema
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function code($plural = false, $schema = 'upper')
-    {
-        $id = $this->get('STS_ID');
-        $code = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(array($id => $this->get('STS_code')), $plural, $schema);
-        return $code[ $id ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets code
-     *
-     * @param string $code
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_code($code)
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_code', $code);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets desc
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function desc()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets desc
-     *
-     * @param string $desc
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_desc($desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_desc', $desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets type
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function type()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_type');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets type
-     *
-     * @param string $type
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_type($type)
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_type', $type);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets can_edit
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function can_edit()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_can_edit');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets can_edit
-     *
-     * @param boolean $can_edit
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_can_edit($can_edit)
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_can_edit', $can_edit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets open
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function open()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_open');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets open
-     *
-     * @param boolean $open
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_open($open)
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_open', $open);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Status
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Status
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets code
+	 *
+	 * @param bool   $plural
+	 * @param string $schema
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function code($plural = false, $schema = 'upper')
+	{
+		$id = $this->get('STS_ID');
+		$code = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(array($id => $this->get('STS_code')), $plural, $schema);
+		return $code[ $id ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets code
+	 *
+	 * @param string $code
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_code($code)
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_code', $code);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets desc
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function desc()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets desc
+	 *
+	 * @param string $desc
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_desc($desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_desc', $desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets type
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function type()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_type');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $type
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_type($type)
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_type', $type);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets can_edit
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function can_edit()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_can_edit');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets can_edit
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $can_edit
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_can_edit($can_edit)
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_can_edit', $can_edit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets open
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function open()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_open');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets open
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $open
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_open($open)
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_open', $open);
+	}
 }

Spacing +1 added lines, -1 removed lines

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     {
         $id = $this->get('STS_ID');
         $code = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(array($id => $this->get('STS_code')), $plural, $schema);
-        return $code[ $id ];
+        return $code[$id];
     }
 
 

core/db_classes/EE_Term.class.php

Indentation +70 added lines, -70 removed lines

@@ -12,87 +12,87 @@
 class EE_Term extends EE_Base_Class
 {
 
-    public $post_type;
+	public $post_type;
 
-    /**
-     * Sets some dynamic defaults
-     *
-     * @param array  $fieldValues
-     * @param bool   $bydb
-     * @param string $timezone
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '')
-    {
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['slug'])) {
-            $fieldValues['slug'] = $fieldValues['name'];
-        }
-        parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets some dynamic defaults
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $fieldValues
+	 * @param bool   $bydb
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '')
+	{
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['slug'])) {
+			$fieldValues['slug'] = $fieldValues['name'];
+		}
+		parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Term|mixed
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Term|mixed
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @param array $props_n_values
-     * @return EE_Term
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array $props_n_values
+	 * @return EE_Term
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array())
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('name');
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('name');
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Sets name
-     *
-     * @param string $name
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('name', $name);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('name', $name);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Gets slug
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function slug()
-    {
-        return $this->get('slug');
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Gets slug
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function slug()
+	{
+		return $this->get('slug');
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * Sets slug
-     *
-     * @param string $slug
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_slug($slug)
-    {
-        $this->set('slug', $slug);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets slug
+	 *
+	 * @param string $slug
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_slug($slug)
+	{
+		$this->set('slug', $slug);
+	}
 }

Spacing +1 added lines, -1 removed lines

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
      */
     protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '')
     {
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['slug'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($fieldValues['slug'])) {
             $fieldValues['slug'] = $fieldValues['name'];
         }
         parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone);

core/db_classes/EE_Ticket.class.php

Indentation +1460 added lines, -1460 removed lines

@@ -12,1464 +12,1464 @@
 class EE_Ticket extends EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class implements EEI_Line_Item_Object, EEI_Event_Relation, EEI_Has_Icon
 {
 
-    /**
-     * The following constants are used by the ticket_status() method to indicate whether a ticket is on sale or not.
-     */
-    const sold_out = 'TKS';
-
-    /**
-     *
-     */
-    const expired = 'TKE';
-
-    /**
-     *
-     */
-    const archived = 'TKA';
-
-    /**
-     *
-     */
-    const pending = 'TKP';
-
-    /**
-     *
-     */
-    const onsale = 'TKO';
-
-    /**
-     * extra meta key for tracking ticket reservations
-     *
-     * @type string
-     */
-    const META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS = 'ticket_reservations';
-
-    /**
-     * cached result from method of the same name
-     *
-     * @var float $_ticket_total_with_taxes
-     */
-    private $_ticket_total_with_taxes;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Ticket
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Ticket
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function parent()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_parent');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return if a ticket has quantities available for purchase
-     *
-     * @param  int $DTT_ID the primary key for a particular datetime
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function available($DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        // are we checking availability for a particular datetime ?
-        if ($DTT_ID) {
-            // get that datetime object
-            $datetime = $this->get_first_related('Datetime', array(array('DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID)));
-            // if  ticket sales for this datetime have exceeded the reg limit...
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->sold_out()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        // datetime is still open for registration, but is this ticket sold out ?
-        return $this->qty() < 1 || $this->qty() > $this->sold() ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Using the start date and end date this method calculates whether the ticket is On Sale, Pending, or Expired
-     *
-     * @param bool        $display   true = we'll return a localized string, otherwise we just return the value of the
-     *                               relevant status const
-     * @param bool | null $remaining if it is already known that tickets are available, then simply pass a bool to save
-     *               further processing
-     * @return mixed status int if the display string isn't requested
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ticket_status($display = false, $remaining = null)
-    {
-        $remaining = is_bool($remaining) ? $remaining : $this->is_remaining();
-        if (! $remaining) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::sold_out, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::sold_out;
-        }
-        if ($this->get('TKT_deleted')) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::archived, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::archived;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_expired()) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::expired, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::expired;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_pending()) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::pending, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::pending;
-        }
-        if ($this->is_on_sale()) {
-            return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::onsale, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::onsale;
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * The purpose of this method is to simply return a boolean for whether there are any tickets remaining for sale
-     * considering ALL the factors used for figuring that out.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param  int $DTT_ID if an int above 0 is included here then we get a specific dtt.
-     * @return boolean         true = tickets remaining, false not.
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $num_remaining = $this->remaining($DTT_ID);
-        if ($num_remaining === 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if ($num_remaining > 0 && $num_remaining < $this->min()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return the total number of tickets available for purchase
-     *
-     * @param  int $DTT_ID the primary key for a particular datetime.
-     *                     set to 0 for all related datetimes
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable', $DTT_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets min
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function min()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_min');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * return if a ticket is no longer available cause its available dates have expired.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_expired()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') < time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return if a ticket is yet to go on sale or not
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_pending()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') > time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return if a ticket is on sale or not
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_on_sale()
-    {
-        return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') < time() && $this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') > time());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $conjunction - conjunction junction what's your function ? this string joins the start date with
-     *                            the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
-    {
-        $first_date = $this->first_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime ? $this->first_datetime()->start_date($dt_frmt)
-            : '';
-        $last_date = $this->last_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime ? $this->last_datetime()->end_date($dt_frmt) : '';
-
-        return $first_date && $last_date ? $first_date . $conjunction . $last_date : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the chronologically first datetime that this ticket is associated with
-     *
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function first_datetime()
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes(array('limit' => 1));
-        return reset($datetimes);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes this ticket can be used for attending.
-     * Unless otherwise specified, orders datetimes by start date.
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params see EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function datetimes($query_params = array())
-    {
-        if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
-            $query_params['order_by']['DTT_order'] = 'ASC';
-        }
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
-     *
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function last_datetime()
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes(array('limit' => 1, 'order_by' => array('DTT_EVT_start' => 'DESC')));
-        return end($datetimes);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total tickets sold depending on the given parameters.
-     *
-     * @param  string $what   Can be one of two options: 'ticket', 'datetime'.
-     *                        'ticket' = total ticket sales for all datetimes this ticket is related to
-     *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales for a specified datetime (required $dtt_id)
-     *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales in the datetime_ticket table.
-     *                        If $dtt_id is not given then we return an array of sales indexed by datetime.
-     *                        If $dtt_id IS given then we return the tickets sold for that given datetime.
-     * @param  int    $dtt_id [optional] include the dtt_id with $what = 'datetime'.
-     * @return mixed (array|int)          how many tickets have sold
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets_sold($what = 'ticket', $dtt_id = null)
-    {
-        $total = 0;
-        $tickets_sold = $this->_all_tickets_sold();
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'ticket':
-                return $tickets_sold['ticket'];
-                break;
-            case 'datetime':
-                if (empty($tickets_sold['datetime'])) {
-                    return $total;
-                }
-                if (! empty($dtt_id) && ! isset($tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ])) {
-                    EE_Error::add_error(
-                        __(
-                            'You\'ve requested the amount of tickets sold for a given ticket and datetime, however there are no records for the datetime id you included.  Are you SURE that is a datetime related to this ticket?',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        __FILE__,
-                        __FUNCTION__,
-                        __LINE__
-                    );
-                    return $total;
-                }
-                return empty($dtt_id) ? $tickets_sold['datetime'] : $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ];
-                break;
-            default:
-                return $total;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns an array indexed by datetime_id for tickets sold with this ticket.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _all_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->get_many_related('Datetime');
-        $tickets_sold = array();
-        if (! empty($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime->get('DTT_sold');
-            }
-        }
-        // Tickets sold
-        $tickets_sold['ticket'] = $this->sold();
-        return $tickets_sold;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the base price object for the ticket.
-     *
-     * @param  bool $return_array whether to return as an array indexed by price id or just the object.
-     * @return EE_Price|EE_Base_Class|EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function base_price($return_array = false)
-    {
-        $_where = array('Price_Type.PBT_ID' => EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price);
-        return $return_array
-            ? $this->get_many_related('Price', array($_where))
-            : $this->get_first_related('Price', array($_where));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns ONLY the price modifiers for the ticket (i.e. no taxes or base price)
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return EE_Price[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function price_modifiers()
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            0 => array(
-                'Price_Type.PBT_ID' => array(
-                    'NOT IN',
-                    array(EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price, EEM_Price_Type::base_type_tax),
-                ),
-            ),
-        );
-        return $this->prices($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the prices that combine to form the final price of this ticket
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
-     * @return EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function prices($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Price', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the ticket applicabilities (ie, relations between datetimes and tickets)
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params see EEM_Base::get_all()
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Ticket|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function datetime_tickets($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime_Ticket', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes from the db ordered by DTT_order
-     *
-     * @param boolean $show_expired
-     * @param boolean $show_deleted
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false)
-    {
-        return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_ticket_ordered_by_DTT_order(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $show_expired,
-            $show_deleted
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ID
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get the author of the ticket.
-     *
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_wp_user');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the template for the ticket
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket_Template|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function template()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Ticket_Template');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Simply returns an array of EE_Price objects that are taxes.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Price[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_taxes_for_admin()
-    {
-        return EE_Taxes::get_taxes_for_admin();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ticket_price()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_price');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function pretty_price()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('TKT_price');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_free()
-    {
-        return $this->get_ticket_total_with_taxes() === (float) 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get_ticket_total_with_taxes
-     *
-     * @param bool $no_cache
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_total_with_taxes($no_cache = false)
-    {
-        if ($this->_ticket_total_with_taxes === null || $no_cache) {
-            $this->_ticket_total_with_taxes = $this->get_ticket_subtotal() + $this->get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin();
-        }
-        return (float) $this->_ticket_total_with_taxes;
-    }
-
-
-    public function ensure_TKT_Price_correct()
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_price', EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this));
-        $this->save();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_subtotal()
-    {
-        return EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the total taxes applied to this ticket
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin()
-    {
-        return EE_Taxes::get_total_taxes_for_admin($this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets name
-     *
-     * @param string $name
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets description
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_description');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets description
-     *
-     * @param string $description
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_description($description)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_description', $description);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets start_date
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function start_date($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_start_date', $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets start_date
-     *
-     * @param string $start_date
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_start_date($start_date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('B', $start_date, 'TKT_start_date');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets end_date
-     *
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function end_date($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_end_date', $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets end_date
-     *
-     * @param string $end_date
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_end_date($end_date)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('B', $end_date, 'TKT_end_date');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets sell until time
-     *
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @param string $time a string representation of the sell until time (ex 9am or 7:30pm)
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_end_time($time)
-    {
-        $this->_set_time_for($time, 'TKT_end_date');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets min
-     *
-     * @param int $min
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_min($min)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_min', $min);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets max
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function max()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_max');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets max
-     *
-     * @param int $max
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_max($max)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_max', $max);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets price
-     *
-     * @param float $price
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_price($price)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_price', $price);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets sold
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sold()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('TKT_sold');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets sold
-     *
-     * @param int $sold
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_sold($sold)
-    {
-        // sold can not go below zero
-        $sold = max(0, $sold);
-        $this->set('TKT_sold', $sold);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * increments sold by amount passed by $qty
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $sold = $this->sold() + $qty;
-        // remove ticket reservation, but don't adjust datetime reservations,  because that will happen
-        // via \EE_Datetime::increase_sold() when \EE_Ticket::_increase_sold_for_datetimes() is called
-        $this->decrease_reserved($qty, false, "TKT: {$this->ID()} (ln:" . __LINE__ . ')');
-        $this->_increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty);
-        $this->set_sold($sold);
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $sold
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        if (is_array($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->increase_sold($qty);
-                    $datetime->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * decrements (subtracts) sold by amount passed by $qty
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $sold = $this->sold() - $qty;
-        $this->_decrease_sold_for_datetimes($qty);
-        $this->set_sold($sold);
-        do_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_sold',
-            $this,
-            $qty,
-            $sold
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Decreases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _decrease_sold_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        if (is_array($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->decrease_sold($qty);
-                    $datetime->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets qty of reserved tickets
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function reserved()
-    {
-        return $this->get_raw('TKT_reserved');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets reserved
-     *
-     * @param int $reserved
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_reserved($reserved)
-    {
-        // reserved can not go below zero
-        $reserved = max(0, (int) $reserved);
-        $this->set('TKT_reserved', $reserved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * increments reserved by amount passed by $qty
-     *
-     * @param int    $qty
-     * @param string $source
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function increase_reserved($qty = 1, $source = 'unknown')
-    {
-        $qty = absint($qty);
-        $reserved = $this->reserved() + $qty;
-        if ($reserved
-            && $this->add_extra_meta(
-                EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS,
-                "{$qty} from {$source}"
-            )
-        ) {
-            $this->_increase_reserved_for_datetimes($qty);
-            $this->set_reserved($reserved);
-            do_action(
-                'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved',
-                $this,
-                $qty,
-                $reserved
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _increase_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        if (is_array($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->increase_reserved($qty);
-                    $datetime->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty
-     *
-     * @param int    $qty
-     * @param bool   $adjust_datetimes
-     * @param string $source
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1, $adjust_datetimes = true, $source = 'unknown')
-    {
-        $reserved = $this->reserved() - absint($qty);
-        if ($this->add_extra_meta(
-            EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS,
-            "-{$qty} from {$source}"
-        )) {
-            if ($adjust_datetimes) {
-                $this->_decrease_reserved_for_datetimes($qty);
-            }
-            $this->set_reserved($reserved);
-            do_action(
-                'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_reserved',
-                $this,
-                $qty,
-                $reserved
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases sold on related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _decrease_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        if (is_array($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->decrease_reserved($qty);
-                    $datetime->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ticket quantity
-     *
-     * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
-     *                            therefore $context can be one of three values: '', 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
-     *                            '' (default) quantity is the actual db value for TKT_qty, unaffected by other objects
-     *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
-     *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
-     *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function qty($context = '')
-    {
-        switch ($context) {
-            case 'reg_limit':
-                return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket();
-            case 'saleable':
-                return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable');
-            default:
-                return $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets ticket quantity
-     *
-     * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
-     *                            therefore $context can be one of two values: 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
-     *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
-     *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
-     *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
-     * @param  int   $DTT_ID      the primary key for a particular datetime.
-     *                            set to 0 for all related datetimes
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function real_quantity_on_ticket($context = 'reg_limit', $DTT_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $raw = $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
-        // return immediately if it's zero
-        if ($raw === 0) {
-            return $raw;
-        }
-        // echo "\n\n<br />Ticket: " . $this->name() . '<br />';
-        // ensure qty doesn't exceed raw value for THIS ticket
-        $qty = min(EE_INF, $raw);
-        // echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
-        // calculate this ticket's total sales and reservations
-        $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket = $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
-        // echo "\n . sold: " . $this->sold() . '<br />';
-        // echo "\n . reserved: " . $this->reserved() . '<br />';
-        // echo "\n . sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket: " . $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket . '<br />';
-        // first we need to calculate the maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
-        // do we want data for one datetime or all of them ?
-        $query_params = $DTT_ID ? array(array('DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID)) : array();
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes($query_params);
-        if (is_array($datetimes) && ! empty($datetimes)) {
-            foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                    $datetime->refresh_from_db();
-                    // echo "\n . . datetime name: " . $datetime->name() . '<br />';
-                    // echo "\n . . datetime ID: " . $datetime->ID() . '<br />';
-                    // initialize with no restrictions for each datetime
-                    // but adjust datetime qty based on datetime reg limit
-                    $datetime_qty = min(EE_INF, $datetime->reg_limit());
-                    // echo "\n . . . datetime reg_limit: " . $datetime->reg_limit() . '<br />';
-                    // echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
-                    // if we want the actual saleable amount, then we need to consider OTHER ticket sales
-                    // and reservations for this datetime, that do NOT include sales and reservations
-                    // for this ticket (so we add $this->sold() and $this->reserved() back in)
-                    if ($context === 'saleable') {
-                        $datetime_qty = max(
-                            $datetime_qty - $datetime->sold_and_reserved() + $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket,
-                            0
-                        );
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime sold: " . $datetime->sold() . '<br />';
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime reserved: " . $datetime->reserved() . '<br />';
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime sold_and_reserved: " . $datetime->sold_and_reserved() . '<br />';
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
-                        $datetime_qty = ! $datetime->sold_out() ? $datetime_qty : 0;
-                        // echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
-                    }
-                    $qty = min($datetime_qty, $qty);
-                    // echo "\n . . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        // NOW that we know the  maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
-        // we can finally factor in the details for this specific ticket
-        if ($qty > 0 && $context === 'saleable') {
-            // and subtract the sales for THIS ticket
-            $qty = max($qty - $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket, 0);
-            // echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
-        }
-        // echo "\nFINAL QTY: " . $qty . "<br /><br />";
-        return $qty;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets qty - IMPORTANT!!! Does NOT allow QTY to be set higher than the lowest reg limit of any related datetimes
-     *
-     * @param int $qty
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_qty($qty)
-    {
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                $qty = min($qty, $datetime->reg_limit());
-            }
-        }
-        $this->set('TKT_qty', $qty);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets uses
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function uses()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_uses');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets uses
-     *
-     * @param int $uses
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_uses($uses)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_uses', $uses);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns whether ticket is required or not.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function required()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_required');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the TKT_required property
-     *
-     * @param boolean $required
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_required($required)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_required', $required);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets taxable
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function taxable()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_taxable');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets taxable
-     *
-     * @param boolean $taxable
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_taxable($taxable)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_taxable', $taxable);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets is_default
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_default()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_is_default');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets is_default
-     *
-     * @param boolean $is_default
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_is_default($is_default)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_is_default', $is_default);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets order
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function order()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets order
-     *
-     * @param int $order
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_order($order)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_order', $order);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets row
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function row()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_row');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets row
-     *
-     * @param int $row
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_row($row)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_row', $row);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets deleted
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function deleted()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_deleted');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets deleted
-     *
-     * @param boolean $deleted
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_deleted($deleted)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_deleted', $deleted);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets parent
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function parent_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_parent');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets parent
-     *
-     * @param int $parent
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_parent_ID($parent)
-    {
-        $this->set('TKT_parent', $parent);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a string which is handy for showing in gateways etc that describes the ticket.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name_and_info()
-    {
-        $times = array();
-        foreach ($this->datetimes() as $datetime) {
-            $times[] = $datetime->start_date_and_time();
-        }
-        return $this->name() . ' @ ' . implode(', ', $times) . ' for ' . $this->pretty_price();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets name
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets price
-     *
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function price()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TKT_price');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the registrations for this ticket
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return EE_Registration[]|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function registrations($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the TKT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of APPROVED registrations for this ticket.
-     * into account
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $count_regs_for_this_ticket = $this->count_registrations(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
-                    'REG_deleted' => 0,
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-        $sold = $this->sold();
-        if ($count_regs_for_this_ticket > $sold) {
-            $this->increase_sold($count_regs_for_this_ticket - $sold);
-            $this->save();
-        } elseif ($count_regs_for_this_ticket < $sold) {
-            $this->decrease_sold($count_regs_for_this_ticket - $sold);
-            $this->save();
-        }
-        return $count_regs_for_this_ticket;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Counts the registrations for this ticket
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
-     * @return int
-     */
-    public function count_registrations($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->count_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_icon()
-    {
-        return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-tickets-alt"></span>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function get_related_event()
-    {
-        // get one datetime to use for getting the event
-        $datetime = $this->first_datetime();
-        if (! $datetime instanceof \EE_Datetime) {
-            throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
-                $datetime,
-                'EE_Datetime',
-                sprintf(
-                    __('The ticket (%s) is not associated with any valid datetimes.', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $this->name()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $event = $datetime->event();
-        if (! $event instanceof \EE_Event) {
-            throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
-                $event,
-                'EE_Event',
-                sprintf(
-                    __('The ticket (%s) is not associated with a valid event.', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $this->name()
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return $event;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
-     * @return string
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_event_name()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_related_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
-     * @return int
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_event_ID()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_related_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->ID() : 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns whether a ticket can be permanently deleted or not.
-     * The criteria for determining this is whether the ticket has any related registrations.
-     * If there are none then it can be permanently deleted.
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function is_permanently_deleteable()
-    {
-        return $this->count_registrations() === 0;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * The following constants are used by the ticket_status() method to indicate whether a ticket is on sale or not.
+	 */
+	const sold_out = 'TKS';
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 */
+	const expired = 'TKE';
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 */
+	const archived = 'TKA';
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 */
+	const pending = 'TKP';
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 */
+	const onsale = 'TKO';
+
+	/**
+	 * extra meta key for tracking ticket reservations
+	 *
+	 * @type string
+	 */
+	const META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS = 'ticket_reservations';
+
+	/**
+	 * cached result from method of the same name
+	 *
+	 * @var float $_ticket_total_with_taxes
+	 */
+	private $_ticket_total_with_taxes;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Ticket
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Ticket
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function parent()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_parent');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return if a ticket has quantities available for purchase
+	 *
+	 * @param  int $DTT_ID the primary key for a particular datetime
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function available($DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		// are we checking availability for a particular datetime ?
+		if ($DTT_ID) {
+			// get that datetime object
+			$datetime = $this->get_first_related('Datetime', array(array('DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID)));
+			// if  ticket sales for this datetime have exceeded the reg limit...
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->sold_out()) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		// datetime is still open for registration, but is this ticket sold out ?
+		return $this->qty() < 1 || $this->qty() > $this->sold() ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Using the start date and end date this method calculates whether the ticket is On Sale, Pending, or Expired
+	 *
+	 * @param bool        $display   true = we'll return a localized string, otherwise we just return the value of the
+	 *                               relevant status const
+	 * @param bool | null $remaining if it is already known that tickets are available, then simply pass a bool to save
+	 *               further processing
+	 * @return mixed status int if the display string isn't requested
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ticket_status($display = false, $remaining = null)
+	{
+		$remaining = is_bool($remaining) ? $remaining : $this->is_remaining();
+		if (! $remaining) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::sold_out, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::sold_out;
+		}
+		if ($this->get('TKT_deleted')) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::archived, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::archived;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_expired()) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::expired, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::expired;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_pending()) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::pending, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::pending;
+		}
+		if ($this->is_on_sale()) {
+			return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::onsale, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::onsale;
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The purpose of this method is to simply return a boolean for whether there are any tickets remaining for sale
+	 * considering ALL the factors used for figuring that out.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param  int $DTT_ID if an int above 0 is included here then we get a specific dtt.
+	 * @return boolean         true = tickets remaining, false not.
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$num_remaining = $this->remaining($DTT_ID);
+		if ($num_remaining === 0) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		if ($num_remaining > 0 && $num_remaining < $this->min()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return the total number of tickets available for purchase
+	 *
+	 * @param  int $DTT_ID the primary key for a particular datetime.
+	 *                     set to 0 for all related datetimes
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function remaining($DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable', $DTT_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets min
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function min()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_min');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * return if a ticket is no longer available cause its available dates have expired.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_expired()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') < time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return if a ticket is yet to go on sale or not
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_pending()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') > time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return if a ticket is on sale or not
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_on_sale()
+	{
+		return ($this->get_raw('TKT_start_date') < time() && $this->get_raw('TKT_end_date') > time());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $conjunction - conjunction junction what's your function ? this string joins the start date with
+	 *                            the end date ie: Jan 01 "to" Dec 31
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function date_range($dt_frmt = '', $conjunction = ' - ')
+	{
+		$first_date = $this->first_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime ? $this->first_datetime()->start_date($dt_frmt)
+			: '';
+		$last_date = $this->last_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime ? $this->last_datetime()->end_date($dt_frmt) : '';
+
+		return $first_date && $last_date ? $first_date . $conjunction . $last_date : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the chronologically first datetime that this ticket is associated with
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function first_datetime()
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes(array('limit' => 1));
+		return reset($datetimes);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes this ticket can be used for attending.
+	 * Unless otherwise specified, orders datetimes by start date.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params see EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function datetimes($query_params = array())
+	{
+		if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
+			$query_params['order_by']['DTT_order'] = 'ASC';
+		}
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the chronologically last datetime that this ticket is associated with
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function last_datetime()
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes(array('limit' => 1, 'order_by' => array('DTT_EVT_start' => 'DESC')));
+		return end($datetimes);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total tickets sold depending on the given parameters.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $what   Can be one of two options: 'ticket', 'datetime'.
+	 *                        'ticket' = total ticket sales for all datetimes this ticket is related to
+	 *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales for a specified datetime (required $dtt_id)
+	 *                        'datetime' = total ticket sales in the datetime_ticket table.
+	 *                        If $dtt_id is not given then we return an array of sales indexed by datetime.
+	 *                        If $dtt_id IS given then we return the tickets sold for that given datetime.
+	 * @param  int    $dtt_id [optional] include the dtt_id with $what = 'datetime'.
+	 * @return mixed (array|int)          how many tickets have sold
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets_sold($what = 'ticket', $dtt_id = null)
+	{
+		$total = 0;
+		$tickets_sold = $this->_all_tickets_sold();
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'ticket':
+				return $tickets_sold['ticket'];
+				break;
+			case 'datetime':
+				if (empty($tickets_sold['datetime'])) {
+					return $total;
+				}
+				if (! empty($dtt_id) && ! isset($tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ])) {
+					EE_Error::add_error(
+						__(
+							'You\'ve requested the amount of tickets sold for a given ticket and datetime, however there are no records for the datetime id you included.  Are you SURE that is a datetime related to this ticket?',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						__FILE__,
+						__FUNCTION__,
+						__LINE__
+					);
+					return $total;
+				}
+				return empty($dtt_id) ? $tickets_sold['datetime'] : $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ];
+				break;
+			default:
+				return $total;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns an array indexed by datetime_id for tickets sold with this ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _all_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->get_many_related('Datetime');
+		$tickets_sold = array();
+		if (! empty($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				$tickets_sold['datetime'][ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime->get('DTT_sold');
+			}
+		}
+		// Tickets sold
+		$tickets_sold['ticket'] = $this->sold();
+		return $tickets_sold;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the base price object for the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @param  bool $return_array whether to return as an array indexed by price id or just the object.
+	 * @return EE_Price|EE_Base_Class|EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function base_price($return_array = false)
+	{
+		$_where = array('Price_Type.PBT_ID' => EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price);
+		return $return_array
+			? $this->get_many_related('Price', array($_where))
+			: $this->get_first_related('Price', array($_where));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns ONLY the price modifiers for the ticket (i.e. no taxes or base price)
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return EE_Price[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function price_modifiers()
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			0 => array(
+				'Price_Type.PBT_ID' => array(
+					'NOT IN',
+					array(EEM_Price_Type::base_type_base_price, EEM_Price_Type::base_type_tax),
+				),
+			),
+		);
+		return $this->prices($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the prices that combine to form the final price of this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all
+	 * @return EE_Price[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function prices($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Price', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the ticket applicabilities (ie, relations between datetimes and tickets)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params see EEM_Base::get_all()
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Ticket|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function datetime_tickets($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime_Ticket', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes from the db ordered by DTT_order
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $show_expired
+	 * @param boolean $show_deleted
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false)
+	{
+		return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_ticket_ordered_by_DTT_order(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$show_expired,
+			$show_deleted
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ID
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get the author of the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_wp_user');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the template for the ticket
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket_Template|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function template()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Ticket_Template');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Simply returns an array of EE_Price objects that are taxes.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Price[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_taxes_for_admin()
+	{
+		return EE_Taxes::get_taxes_for_admin();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ticket_price()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_price');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function pretty_price()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('TKT_price');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_free()
+	{
+		return $this->get_ticket_total_with_taxes() === (float) 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get_ticket_total_with_taxes
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $no_cache
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_total_with_taxes($no_cache = false)
+	{
+		if ($this->_ticket_total_with_taxes === null || $no_cache) {
+			$this->_ticket_total_with_taxes = $this->get_ticket_subtotal() + $this->get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin();
+		}
+		return (float) $this->_ticket_total_with_taxes;
+	}
+
+
+	public function ensure_TKT_Price_correct()
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_price', EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this));
+		$this->save();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_subtotal()
+	{
+		return EE_Taxes::get_subtotal_for_admin($this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the total taxes applied to this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_taxes_total_for_admin()
+	{
+		return EE_Taxes::get_total_taxes_for_admin($this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets name
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets description
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_description');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets description
+	 *
+	 * @param string $description
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_description($description)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_description', $description);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets start_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function start_date($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_start_date', $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets start_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $start_date
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_start_date($start_date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('B', $start_date, 'TKT_start_date');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets end_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function end_date($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime('TKT_end_date', $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets end_date
+	 *
+	 * @param string $end_date
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_end_date($end_date)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('B', $end_date, 'TKT_end_date');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets sell until time
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @param string $time a string representation of the sell until time (ex 9am or 7:30pm)
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_end_time($time)
+	{
+		$this->_set_time_for($time, 'TKT_end_date');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets min
+	 *
+	 * @param int $min
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_min($min)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_min', $min);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets max
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function max()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_max');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets max
+	 *
+	 * @param int $max
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_max($max)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_max', $max);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets price
+	 *
+	 * @param float $price
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_price($price)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_price', $price);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets sold
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sold()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('TKT_sold');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets sold
+	 *
+	 * @param int $sold
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_sold($sold)
+	{
+		// sold can not go below zero
+		$sold = max(0, $sold);
+		$this->set('TKT_sold', $sold);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * increments sold by amount passed by $qty
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function increase_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$sold = $this->sold() + $qty;
+		// remove ticket reservation, but don't adjust datetime reservations,  because that will happen
+		// via \EE_Datetime::increase_sold() when \EE_Ticket::_increase_sold_for_datetimes() is called
+		$this->decrease_reserved($qty, false, "TKT: {$this->ID()} (ln:" . __LINE__ . ')');
+		$this->_increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty);
+		$this->set_sold($sold);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$sold
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		if (is_array($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->increase_sold($qty);
+					$datetime->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * decrements (subtracts) sold by amount passed by $qty
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function decrease_sold($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$sold = $this->sold() - $qty;
+		$this->_decrease_sold_for_datetimes($qty);
+		$this->set_sold($sold);
+		do_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_sold',
+			$this,
+			$qty,
+			$sold
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Decreases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _decrease_sold_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		if (is_array($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->decrease_sold($qty);
+					$datetime->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets qty of reserved tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function reserved()
+	{
+		return $this->get_raw('TKT_reserved');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets reserved
+	 *
+	 * @param int $reserved
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_reserved($reserved)
+	{
+		// reserved can not go below zero
+		$reserved = max(0, (int) $reserved);
+		$this->set('TKT_reserved', $reserved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * increments reserved by amount passed by $qty
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $qty
+	 * @param string $source
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function increase_reserved($qty = 1, $source = 'unknown')
+	{
+		$qty = absint($qty);
+		$reserved = $this->reserved() + $qty;
+		if ($reserved
+			&& $this->add_extra_meta(
+				EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS,
+				"{$qty} from {$source}"
+			)
+		) {
+			$this->_increase_reserved_for_datetimes($qty);
+			$this->set_reserved($reserved);
+			do_action(
+				'AHEE__EE_Ticket__increase_reserved',
+				$this,
+				$qty,
+				$reserved
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _increase_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		if (is_array($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->increase_reserved($qty);
+					$datetime->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * decrements (subtracts) reserved by amount passed by $qty
+	 *
+	 * @param int    $qty
+	 * @param bool   $adjust_datetimes
+	 * @param string $source
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws \EventEspresso\core\exceptions\InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function decrease_reserved($qty = 1, $adjust_datetimes = true, $source = 'unknown')
+	{
+		$reserved = $this->reserved() - absint($qty);
+		if ($this->add_extra_meta(
+			EE_Ticket::META_KEY_TICKET_RESERVATIONS,
+			"-{$qty} from {$source}"
+		)) {
+			if ($adjust_datetimes) {
+				$this->_decrease_reserved_for_datetimes($qty);
+			}
+			$this->set_reserved($reserved);
+			do_action(
+				'AHEE__EE_Ticket__decrease_reserved',
+				$this,
+				$qty,
+				$reserved
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases sold on related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _decrease_reserved_for_datetimes($qty = 1)
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		if (is_array($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->decrease_reserved($qty);
+					$datetime->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ticket quantity
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
+	 *                            therefore $context can be one of three values: '', 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
+	 *                            '' (default) quantity is the actual db value for TKT_qty, unaffected by other objects
+	 *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
+	 *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
+	 *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function qty($context = '')
+	{
+		switch ($context) {
+			case 'reg_limit':
+				return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket();
+			case 'saleable':
+				return $this->real_quantity_on_ticket('saleable');
+			default:
+				return $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets ticket quantity
+	 *
+	 * @param string $context     ticket quantity is somewhat subjective depending on the exact information sought
+	 *                            therefore $context can be one of two values: 'reg_limit', or 'saleable'
+	 *                            REG LIMIT: caps qty based on DTT_reg_limit for ALL related datetimes
+	 *                            SALEABLE: also considers datetime sold and returns zero if ANY DTT is sold out, and
+	 *                            is therefore the truest measure of tickets that can be purchased at the moment
+	 * @param  int   $DTT_ID      the primary key for a particular datetime.
+	 *                            set to 0 for all related datetimes
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function real_quantity_on_ticket($context = 'reg_limit', $DTT_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$raw = $this->get_raw('TKT_qty');
+		// return immediately if it's zero
+		if ($raw === 0) {
+			return $raw;
+		}
+		// echo "\n\n<br />Ticket: " . $this->name() . '<br />';
+		// ensure qty doesn't exceed raw value for THIS ticket
+		$qty = min(EE_INF, $raw);
+		// echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
+		// calculate this ticket's total sales and reservations
+		$sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket = $this->sold() + $this->reserved();
+		// echo "\n . sold: " . $this->sold() . '<br />';
+		// echo "\n . reserved: " . $this->reserved() . '<br />';
+		// echo "\n . sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket: " . $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket . '<br />';
+		// first we need to calculate the maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
+		// do we want data for one datetime or all of them ?
+		$query_params = $DTT_ID ? array(array('DTT_ID' => $DTT_ID)) : array();
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes($query_params);
+		if (is_array($datetimes) && ! empty($datetimes)) {
+			foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+					$datetime->refresh_from_db();
+					// echo "\n . . datetime name: " . $datetime->name() . '<br />';
+					// echo "\n . . datetime ID: " . $datetime->ID() . '<br />';
+					// initialize with no restrictions for each datetime
+					// but adjust datetime qty based on datetime reg limit
+					$datetime_qty = min(EE_INF, $datetime->reg_limit());
+					// echo "\n . . . datetime reg_limit: " . $datetime->reg_limit() . '<br />';
+					// echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
+					// if we want the actual saleable amount, then we need to consider OTHER ticket sales
+					// and reservations for this datetime, that do NOT include sales and reservations
+					// for this ticket (so we add $this->sold() and $this->reserved() back in)
+					if ($context === 'saleable') {
+						$datetime_qty = max(
+							$datetime_qty - $datetime->sold_and_reserved() + $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket,
+							0
+						);
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime sold: " . $datetime->sold() . '<br />';
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime reserved: " . $datetime->reserved() . '<br />';
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime sold_and_reserved: " . $datetime->sold_and_reserved() . '<br />';
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
+						$datetime_qty = ! $datetime->sold_out() ? $datetime_qty : 0;
+						// echo "\n . . . datetime_qty: " . $datetime_qty . '<br />';
+					}
+					$qty = min($datetime_qty, $qty);
+					// echo "\n . . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// NOW that we know the  maximum number of tickets available for the datetime
+		// we can finally factor in the details for this specific ticket
+		if ($qty > 0 && $context === 'saleable') {
+			// and subtract the sales for THIS ticket
+			$qty = max($qty - $sold_and_reserved_for_this_ticket, 0);
+			// echo "\n . qty: " . $qty . '<br />';
+		}
+		// echo "\nFINAL QTY: " . $qty . "<br /><br />";
+		return $qty;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets qty - IMPORTANT!!! Does NOT allow QTY to be set higher than the lowest reg limit of any related datetimes
+	 *
+	 * @param int $qty
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_qty($qty)
+	{
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				$qty = min($qty, $datetime->reg_limit());
+			}
+		}
+		$this->set('TKT_qty', $qty);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets uses
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function uses()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_uses');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets uses
+	 *
+	 * @param int $uses
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_uses($uses)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_uses', $uses);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns whether ticket is required or not.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function required()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_required');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the TKT_required property
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $required
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_required($required)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_required', $required);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets taxable
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function taxable()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_taxable');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets taxable
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $taxable
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_taxable($taxable)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_taxable', $taxable);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets is_default
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_default()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_is_default');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets is_default
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $is_default
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_is_default($is_default)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_is_default', $is_default);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets order
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function order()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets order
+	 *
+	 * @param int $order
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_order($order)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_order', $order);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets row
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function row()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_row');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets row
+	 *
+	 * @param int $row
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_row($row)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_row', $row);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets deleted
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function deleted()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_deleted');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets deleted
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $deleted
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_deleted($deleted)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_deleted', $deleted);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets parent
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function parent_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_parent');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets parent
+	 *
+	 * @param int $parent
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_parent_ID($parent)
+	{
+		$this->set('TKT_parent', $parent);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a string which is handy for showing in gateways etc that describes the ticket.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name_and_info()
+	{
+		$times = array();
+		foreach ($this->datetimes() as $datetime) {
+			$times[] = $datetime->start_date_and_time();
+		}
+		return $this->name() . ' @ ' . implode(', ', $times) . ' for ' . $this->pretty_price();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets name
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets price
+	 *
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function price()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TKT_price');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the registrations for this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return EE_Registration[]|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function registrations($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the TKT_sold attribute (and saves) based on the number of APPROVED registrations for this ticket.
+	 * into account
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$count_regs_for_this_ticket = $this->count_registrations(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'STS_ID'      => EEM_Registration::status_id_approved,
+					'REG_deleted' => 0,
+				),
+			)
+		);
+		$sold = $this->sold();
+		if ($count_regs_for_this_ticket > $sold) {
+			$this->increase_sold($count_regs_for_this_ticket - $sold);
+			$this->save();
+		} elseif ($count_regs_for_this_ticket < $sold) {
+			$this->decrease_sold($count_regs_for_this_ticket - $sold);
+			$this->save();
+		}
+		return $count_regs_for_this_ticket;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Counts the registrations for this ticket
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params like EEM_Base::get_all's
+	 * @return int
+	 */
+	public function count_registrations($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->count_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_icon()
+	{
+		return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-tickets-alt"></span>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function get_related_event()
+	{
+		// get one datetime to use for getting the event
+		$datetime = $this->first_datetime();
+		if (! $datetime instanceof \EE_Datetime) {
+			throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
+				$datetime,
+				'EE_Datetime',
+				sprintf(
+					__('The ticket (%s) is not associated with any valid datetimes.', 'event_espresso'),
+					$this->name()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$event = $datetime->event();
+		if (! $event instanceof \EE_Event) {
+			throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
+				$event,
+				'EE_Event',
+				sprintf(
+					__('The ticket (%s) is not associated with a valid event.', 'event_espresso'),
+					$this->name()
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return $event;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_event_name()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_related_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation of the EEI_Event_Relation interface method
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Event_Relation for comments
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_event_ID()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_related_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->ID() : 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns whether a ticket can be permanently deleted or not.
+	 * The criteria for determining this is whether the ticket has any related registrations.
+	 * If there are none then it can be permanently deleted.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function is_permanently_deleteable()
+	{
+		return $this->count_registrations() === 0;
+	}
 }

Spacing +11 added lines, -11 removed lines

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ 
     public function ticket_status($display = false, $remaining = null)
     {
         $remaining = is_bool($remaining) ? $remaining : $this->is_remaining();
-        if (! $remaining) {
+        if ( ! $remaining) {
             return $display ? EEH_Template::pretty_status(EE_Ticket::sold_out, false, 'sentence') : EE_Ticket::sold_out;
         }
         if ($this->get('TKT_deleted')) {
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ 
             : '';
         $last_date = $this->last_datetime() instanceof EE_Datetime ? $this->last_datetime()->end_date($dt_frmt) : '';
 
-        return $first_date && $last_date ? $first_date . $conjunction . $last_date : '';
+        return $first_date && $last_date ? $first_date.$conjunction.$last_date : '';
     }
 
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ 
      */
     public function datetimes($query_params = array())
     {
-        if (! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
+        if ( ! isset($query_params['order_by'])) {
             $query_params['order_by']['DTT_order'] = 'ASC';
         }
         return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ 
                 if (empty($tickets_sold['datetime'])) {
                     return $total;
                 }
-                if (! empty($dtt_id) && ! isset($tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ])) {
+                if ( ! empty($dtt_id) && ! isset($tickets_sold['datetime'][$dtt_id])) {
                     EE_Error::add_error(
                         __(
                             'You\'ve requested the amount of tickets sold for a given ticket and datetime, however there are no records for the datetime id you included.  Are you SURE that is a datetime related to this ticket?',
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ 
                     );
                     return $total;
                 }
-                return empty($dtt_id) ? $tickets_sold['datetime'] : $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $dtt_id ];
+                return empty($dtt_id) ? $tickets_sold['datetime'] : $tickets_sold['datetime'][$dtt_id];
                 break;
             default:
                 return $total;
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ 
     {
         $datetimes = $this->get_many_related('Datetime');
         $tickets_sold = array();
-        if (! empty($datetimes)) {
+        if ( ! empty($datetimes)) {
             foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-                $tickets_sold['datetime'][ $datetime->ID() ] = $datetime->get('DTT_sold');
+                $tickets_sold['datetime'][$datetime->ID()] = $datetime->get('DTT_sold');
             }
         }
         // Tickets sold
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ 
         $sold = $this->sold() + $qty;
         // remove ticket reservation, but don't adjust datetime reservations,  because that will happen
         // via \EE_Datetime::increase_sold() when \EE_Ticket::_increase_sold_for_datetimes() is called
-        $this->decrease_reserved($qty, false, "TKT: {$this->ID()} (ln:" . __LINE__ . ')');
+        $this->decrease_reserved($qty, false, "TKT: {$this->ID()} (ln:".__LINE__.')');
         $this->_increase_sold_for_datetimes($qty);
         $this->set_sold($sold);
         do_action(
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ 
         foreach ($this->datetimes() as $datetime) {
             $times[] = $datetime->start_date_and_time();
         }
-        return $this->name() . ' @ ' . implode(', ', $times) . ' for ' . $this->pretty_price();
+        return $this->name().' @ '.implode(', ', $times).' for '.$this->pretty_price();
     }
 
 
@@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ 
     {
         // get one datetime to use for getting the event
         $datetime = $this->first_datetime();
-        if (! $datetime instanceof \EE_Datetime) {
+        if ( ! $datetime instanceof \EE_Datetime) {
             throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
                 $datetime,
                 'EE_Datetime',
@@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ 
             );
         }
         $event = $datetime->event();
-        if (! $event instanceof \EE_Event) {
+        if ( ! $event instanceof \EE_Event) {
             throw new UnexpectedEntityException(
                 $event,
                 'EE_Event',