eventespresso / event-espresso-core

core/EE_System.core.php

Indentation +1204 added lines, -1204 removed lines

@@ -24,1208 +24,1208 @@
  */
 final class EE_System implements ResettableInterface
 {
-    /**
-     * indicates this is a 'normal' request. Ie, not activation, nor upgrade, nor activation.
-     * So examples of this would be a normal GET request on the frontend or backend, or a POST, etc
-     */
-    const req_type_normal = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Indicates this is a brand new installation of EE so we should install
-     * tables and default data etc
-     */
-    const req_type_new_activation = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * we've detected that EE has been reactivated (or EE was activated during maintenance mode,
-     * and we just exited maintenance mode). We MUST check the database is setup properly
-     * and that default data is setup too
-     */
-    const req_type_reactivation = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * indicates that EE has been upgraded since its previous request.
-     * We may have data migration scripts to call and will want to trigger maintenance mode
-     */
-    const req_type_upgrade = 3;
-
-    /**
-     * TODO  will detect that EE has been DOWNGRADED. We probably don't want to run in this case...
-     */
-    const req_type_downgrade = 4;
-
-    /**
-     * @deprecated since version 4.6.0.dev.006
-     * Now whenever a new_activation is detected the request type is still just
-     * new_activation (same for reactivation, upgrade, downgrade etc), but if we're in maintenance mode
-     * EE_System::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required and EE_Addon::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required
-     * will instead enqueue that EE plugin's db initialization for when we're taken out of maintenance mode.
-     * (Specifically, when the migration manager indicates migrations are finished
-     * EE_Data_Migration_Manager::initialize_db_for_enqueued_ee_plugins() will be called)
-     */
-    const req_type_activation_but_not_installed = 5;
-
-    /**
-     * option prefix for recording the activation history (like core's "espresso_db_update") of addons
-     */
-    const addon_activation_history_option_prefix = 'ee_addon_activation_history_';
-
-    /**
-     * @var AddonManager $addon_manager
-     */
-    private $addon_manager;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_System $_instance
-     */
-    private static $_instance;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Registry $registry
-     */
-    private $registry;
-
-    /**
-     * @var LoaderInterface $loader
-     */
-    private $loader;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Capabilities $capabilities
-     */
-    private $capabilities;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
-     */
-    private $maintenance_mode;
-
-    /**
-     * @var RequestInterface $request
-     */
-    private $request;
-
-    /**
-     * Stores which type of request this is, options being one of the constants on EE_System starting with req_type_*.
-     * It can be a brand-new activation, a reactivation, an upgrade, a downgrade, or a normal request.
-     *
-     * @var int $_req_type
-     */
-    private $_req_type;
-
-    /**
-     * Whether or not there was a non-micro version change in EE core version during this request
-     *
-     * @var boolean $_major_version_change
-     */
-    private $_major_version_change = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var Router $router
-     */
-    private $router;
-
-    /**
-     * @param EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomPostTypes
-     */
-    private $register_custom_post_types;
-
-    /**
-     * @param EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomies
-     */
-    private $register_custom_taxonomies;
-
-    /**
-     * @param EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomyTerms
-     */
-    private $register_custom_taxonomy_terms;
-
-    /**
-     * @singleton method used to instantiate class object
-     * @param LoaderInterface|null     $loader
-     * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode|null $maintenance_mode
-     * @param EE_Registry|null         $registry
-     * @param RequestInterface|null    $request
-     * @param Router|null              $router
-     * @return EE_System
-     */
-    public static function instance(
-        LoaderInterface $loader = null,
-        EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode = null,
-        EE_Registry $registry = null,
-        RequestInterface $request = null,
-        Router $router = null
-    ): EE_System {
-        // check if class object is instantiated
-        if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_System) {
-            self::$_instance = new self($loader, $maintenance_mode, $registry, $request, $router);
-        }
-        return self::$_instance;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * resets the instance and returns it
-     *
-     * @return EE_System
-     */
-    public static function reset(): EE_System
-    {
-        self::$_instance->_req_type = null;
-        // make sure none of the old hooks are left hanging around
-        remove_all_actions('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
-        // we need to reset the migration manager in order for it to detect DMSs properly
-        EE_Data_Migration_Manager::reset();
-        self::instance()->detect_activations_or_upgrades();
-        self::instance()->perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations();
-        return self::instance();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets hooks for running rest of system
-     * provides "AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete" hook for EE Addons to use as their starting point
-     * starting EE Addons from any other point may lead to problems
-     *
-     * @param LoaderInterface     $loader
-     * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
-     * @param EE_Registry         $registry
-     * @param RequestInterface    $request
-     * @param Router              $router
-     */
-    private function __construct(
-        LoaderInterface $loader,
-        EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode,
-        EE_Registry $registry,
-        RequestInterface $request,
-        Router $router
-    ) {
-        $this->registry         = $registry;
-        $this->loader           = $loader;
-        $this->request          = $request;
-        $this->router           = $router;
-        $this->maintenance_mode = $maintenance_mode;
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__begin', $this);
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            [$this, 'loadCapabilities'],
-            5
-        );
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            [$this, 'loadCommandBus'],
-            7
-        );
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            [$this, 'loadPluginApi'],
-            9
-        );
-        // allow addons to load first so that they can register autoloaders, set hooks for running DMS's, etc
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
-            [$this, 'load_espresso_addons']
-        );
-        // when an ee addon is activated, we want to call the core hook(s) again
-        // because the newly-activated addon didn't get a chance to run at all
-        add_action('activate_plugin', [$this, 'load_espresso_addons'], 1);
-        // detect whether install or upgrade
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades',
-            [$this, 'detect_activations_or_upgrades'],
-            3
-        );
-        // load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
-            [$this, 'load_core_configuration'],
-            5
-        );
-        // load specifications for matching routes to current request
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
-            [$this, 'loadRouteMatchSpecifications']
-        );
-        // load specifications for custom post types
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
-            array($this, 'loadCustomPostTypes')
-        );
-        // load specifications for custom post types
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
-            array($this, 'loadCustomPostTypes')
-        );
-        // load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets',
-            [$this, 'register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'],
-            7
-        );
-        // you wanna get going? I wanna get going... let's get going!
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso',
-            [$this, 'brew_espresso'],
-            9
-        );
-        // other housekeeping
-        // exclude EE critical pages from wp_list_pages
-        add_filter(
-            'wp_list_pages_excludes',
-            [$this, 'remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages'],
-            10
-        );
-        // ALL EE Addons should use the following hook point to attach their initial setup too
-        // it's extremely important for EE Addons to register any class autoloaders so that they can be available when the EE_Config loads
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * load and setup EE_Capabilities
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function loadCapabilities()
-    {
-        $this->capabilities = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Capabilities');
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
-            function () {
-                LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EE_Payment_Method_Manager');
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * create and cache the CommandBus, and also add middleware
-     * The CapChecker middleware requires the use of EE_Capabilities
-     * which is why we need to load the CommandBus after Caps are set up
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function loadCommandBus()
-    {
-        $this->loader->getShared(
-            'CommandBusInterface',
-            [
-                null,
-                apply_filters(
-                    'FHEE__EE_Load_Espresso_Core__handle_request__CommandBus_middleware',
-                    [
-                        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker'),
-                        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\AddActionHook'),
-                    ]
-                ),
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function loadPluginApi()
-    {
-        $this->addon_manager = $this->loader->getShared(AddonManager::class);
-        $this->addon_manager->initialize();
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Request_Handler');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * load_espresso_addons
-     * allow addons to load first so that they can set hooks for running DMS's, etc
-     * this is hooked into both:
-     *    'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
-     *        which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
-     *    and the WP 'activate_plugin' hook point
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function load_espresso_addons()
-    {
-        // looking for hooks? they've been moved into the AddonManager to maintain compatibility
-        $this->addon_manager->loadAddons();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * detect_activations_or_upgrades
-     * Checks for activation or upgrade of core first;
-     * then also checks if any registered addons have been activated or upgraded
-     * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades'
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 3
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function detect_activations_or_upgrades()
-    {
-        // first off: let's make sure to handle core
-        $this->detect_if_activation_or_upgrade();
-        foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
-            if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
-                // detect teh request type for that addon
-                $addon->detect_req_type();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * detect_if_activation_or_upgrade
-     * Takes care of detecting whether this is a brand new install or code upgrade,
-     * and either setting up the DB or setting up maintenance mode etc.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function detect_if_activation_or_upgrade()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System___detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__begin');
-        // check if db has been updated, or if its a brand-new installation
-        $espresso_db_update = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
-        $request_type       = $this->detect_req_type($espresso_db_update);
-        // EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $request_type, '$request_type', __FILE__, __LINE__ );
-        switch ($request_type) {
-            case EE_System::req_type_new_activation:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__new_activation');
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_reactivation:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__reactivation');
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_upgrade:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__upgrade');
-                // migrations may be required now that we've upgraded
-                $this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_downgrade:
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__downgrade');
-                // its possible migrations are no longer required
-                $this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
-                $this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-                break;
-            case EE_System::req_type_normal:
-            default:
-                break;
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__complete');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the list of installed versions and sets hooks for
-     * initializing the database later during the request
-     *
-     * @param array $espresso_db_update
-     */
-    private function _handle_core_version_change(array $espresso_db_update)
-    {
-        $this->update_list_of_installed_versions($espresso_db_update);
-        // get ready to verify the DB is ok (provided we aren't in maintenance mode, of course)
-        add_action(
-            'AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations',
-            [$this, 'initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required']
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * standardizes the wp option 'espresso_db_upgrade' which actually stores
-     * information about what versions of EE have been installed and activated,
-     * NOT necessarily the state of the database
-     *
-     * @param mixed $espresso_db_update           the value of the WordPress option.
-     *                                            If not supplied, fetches it from the options table
-     * @return array the correct value of 'espresso_db_upgrade', after saving it, if it needed correction
-     */
-    private function fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($espresso_db_update = null): array
-    {
-        do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__begin', $espresso_db_update);
-        if (! $espresso_db_update) {
-            $espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update');
-        }
-        // check that option is an array
-        if (! is_array($espresso_db_update)) {
-            // if option is FALSE, then it never existed
-            if ($espresso_db_update === false) {
-                // make $espresso_db_update an array and save option with autoload OFF
-                $espresso_db_update = [];
-                add_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update, '', 'no');
-            } else {
-                // option is NOT FALSE but also is NOT an array, so make it an array and save it
-                $espresso_db_update = [$espresso_db_update => []];
-                update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
-            }
-        } else {
-            $corrected_db_update = [];
-            // if IS an array, but is it an array where KEYS are version numbers, and values are arrays?
-            foreach ($espresso_db_update as $should_be_version_string => $should_be_array) {
-                if (is_int($should_be_version_string) && ! is_array($should_be_array)) {
-                    // the key is an int, and the value IS NOT an array
-                    // so it must be numerically-indexed, where values are versions installed...
-                    // fix it!
-                    $version_string                         = $should_be_array;
-                    $corrected_db_update[ $version_string ] = ['unknown-date'];
-                } else {
-                    // ok it checks out
-                    $corrected_db_update[ $should_be_version_string ] = $should_be_array;
-                }
-            }
-            $espresso_db_update = $corrected_db_update;
-            update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
-        }
-        do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__complete', $espresso_db_update);
-        return ! empty($espresso_db_update) ? $espresso_db_update : [];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does the traditional work of setting up the plugin's database and adding default data.
-     * If migration script/process did not exist, this is what would happen on every activation/reactivation/upgrade.
-     * NOTE: if we're in maintenance mode (which would be the case if we detect there are data
-     * migration scripts that need to be run and a version change happens), enqueues core for database initialization,
-     * so that it will be done when migrations are finished
-     *
-     * @param boolean $initialize_addons_too if true, we double-check addons' database tables etc too;
-     * @param boolean $verify_schema         if true will re-check the database tables have the correct schema.
-     *                                       This is a resource-intensive job
-     *                                       so we prefer to only do it when necessary
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required($initialize_addons_too = false, $verify_schema = true)
-    {
-        $request_type = $this->detect_req_type();
-        // only initialize system if we're not in maintenance mode.
-        if ($this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance) {
-            /** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules $rewrite_rules */
-            $rewrite_rules = $this->loader->getShared(
-                'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules'
-            );
-            $rewrite_rules->flush();
-            if ($verify_schema) {
-                EEH_Activation::initialize_db_and_folders();
-            }
-            EEH_Activation::initialize_db_content();
-            EEH_Activation::system_initialization();
-            if ($initialize_addons_too) {
-                $this->initialize_addons();
-            }
-        } else {
-            EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->enqueue_db_initialization_for('Core');
-        }
-        if (
-            $request_type === EE_System::req_type_new_activation
-            || $request_type === EE_System::req_type_reactivation
-            || (
-                $request_type === EE_System::req_type_upgrade
-                && $this->is_major_version_change()
-            )
-        ) {
-            add_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last', [$this, 'redirect_to_about_ee'], 9);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Initializes the db for all registered addons
-     *
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function initialize_addons()
-    {
-        // foreach registered addon, make sure its db is up-to-date too
-        foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
-            if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
-                $addon->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds the current code version to the saved wp option which stores a list of all ee versions ever installed.
-     *
-     * @param array  $version_history
-     * @param string $current_version_to_add version to be added to the version history
-     * @return    boolean success as to whether or not this option was changed
-     */
-    public function update_list_of_installed_versions($version_history = null, $current_version_to_add = null): bool
-    {
-        if (! $version_history) {
-            $version_history = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($version_history);
-        }
-        if ($current_version_to_add === null) {
-            $current_version_to_add = espresso_version();
-        }
-        $version_history[ $current_version_to_add ][] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
-        // re-save
-        return update_option('espresso_db_update', $version_history);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Detects if the current version indicated in the has existed in the list of
-     * previously-installed versions of EE (espresso_db_update). Does NOT modify it (ie, no side-effect)
-     *
-     * @param array $espresso_db_update array from the wp option stored under the name 'espresso_db_update'.
-     *                                  If not supplied, fetches it from the options table.
-     *                                  Also, caches its result so later parts of the code can also know whether
-     *                                  there's been an update or not. This way we can add the current version to
-     *                                  espresso_db_update, but still know if this is a new install or not
-     * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_
-     */
-    public function detect_req_type($espresso_db_update = null): int
-    {
-        if ($this->_req_type === null) {
-            $espresso_db_update          = ! empty($espresso_db_update)
-                ? $espresso_db_update
-                : $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
-            $this->_req_type             = EE_System::detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
-                $espresso_db_update,
-                'ee_espresso_activation',
-                espresso_version()
-            );
-            $this->_major_version_change = $this->_detect_major_version_change($espresso_db_update);
-            $this->request->setIsActivation($this->_req_type !== EE_System::req_type_normal);
-        }
-        return $this->_req_type;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not there was a non-micro version change (ie, change in either
-     * the first or second number in the version. Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000,
-     * but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
-     *
-     * @param $activation_history
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function _detect_major_version_change($activation_history): bool
-    {
-        $previous_version       = EE_System::getMostRecentlyActiveVersion($activation_history);
-        $previous_version_parts = explode('.', $previous_version);
-        $current_version_parts  = explode('.', espresso_version());
-        return isset(
-            $previous_version_parts[0],
-            $previous_version_parts[1],
-            $current_version_parts[0],
-            $current_version_parts[1]
-        ) && (
-            $previous_version_parts[0] !== $current_version_parts[0]
-            || $previous_version_parts[1] !== $current_version_parts[1]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if either the major or minor version of EE changed during this request.
-     * Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000, but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function is_major_version_change(): bool
-    {
-        return $this->_major_version_change;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Determines the request type for any ee addon, given three piece of info: the current array of activation
-     * histories (for core that' 'espresso_db_update' wp option); the name of the WordPress option which is temporarily
-     * set upon activation of the plugin (for core it's 'ee_espresso_activation'); and the version that this plugin was
-     * just activated to (for core that will always be espresso_version())
-     *
-     * @param array|null $activation_history             the option's value which stores the activation history for
-     *                                                 this
-     *                                                 ee plugin. for core that's 'espresso_db_update'
-     * @param string $activation_indicator_option_name the name of the WordPress option that is temporarily set to
-     *                                                 indicate that this plugin was just activated
-     * @param string $current_version                  the version that was just upgraded to (for core that will be
-     *                                                 espresso_version())
-     * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_
-     */
-    public static function detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
-        array $activation_history,
-        string $activation_indicator_option_name,
-        string $current_version
-    ): int {
-        $version_change = self::compareVersionWithPrevious($activation_history, $current_version);
-        $is_activation  = get_option($activation_indicator_option_name, false);
-        $req_type       = self::getRequestType($activation_history, $version_change, $is_activation);
-        if ($is_activation) {
-            // cleanup in aisle 6
-            delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
-        }
-        return $req_type;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $activation_history
-     * @param int    $version_change
-     * @param bool   $is_activation
-     * @return int
-     * @since $VID:$
-     */
-    private static function getRequestType(array $activation_history, int $version_change, bool $is_activation): int
-    {
-        // if no previous activation history exists, then this is a brand new install
-        if (empty($activation_history)) {
-            return EE_System::req_type_new_activation;
-        }
-        // current version is higher than previous version, so it's an upgrade
-        if ($version_change === 1) {
-            return EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
-        }
-        // current version is lower than previous version, so it's a downgrade
-        if ($version_change === -1) {
-            return EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
-        }
-        // version hasn't changed since last version so check if the activation indicator is set
-        // to determine if it's a reactivation, or just a normal request
-        return $is_activation
-            ? EE_System::req_type_reactivation
-            : EE_System::req_type_normal;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Detects if the $version_to_upgrade_to is higher than the most recent version in
-     * the $activation_history_for_addon
-     *
-     * @param array  $activation_history    array where keys are versions,
-     *                                      values are arrays of times activated (sometimes 'unknown-date')
-     * @param string $current_version
-     * @return int results of version_compare( $version_to_upgrade_to, $most_recently_active_version ).
-     *                                      -1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is LOWER (downgrade);
-     *                                      0 if $version_to_upgrade_to MATCHES (reactivation or normal request);
-     *                                      1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is HIGHER (upgrade) ;
-     */
-    private static function compareVersionWithPrevious(array $activation_history, string $current_version): int
-    {
-        // find the most recently-activated version
-        $most_recently_active_version = EE_System::getMostRecentlyActiveVersion($activation_history);
-        return version_compare($current_version, $most_recently_active_version);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recently active version listed in the activation history,
-     * and if none are found (ie, it's a brand new install) returns '0.0.0.dev.000'.
-     *
-     * @param array $activation_history  (keys are versions, values are arrays of times activated,
-     *                                   sometimes containing 'unknown-date'
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private static function getMostRecentlyActiveVersion(array $activation_history): string
-    {
-        $most_recent_activation_date  = '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
-        $most_recently_active_version = '0.0.0.dev.000';
-        if (is_array($activation_history)) {
-            foreach ($activation_history as $version => $activation_dates) {
-                // check there is a record of when this version was activated.
-                // Otherwise, mark it as unknown
-                if (! $activation_dates) {
-                    $activation_dates = ['unknown-date'];
-                }
-                $activation_dates = is_string($activation_dates) ? [$activation_dates] : $activation_dates;
-                foreach ($activation_dates as $activation_date) {
-                    if ($activation_date !== 'unknown-date' && $activation_date > $most_recent_activation_date) {
-                        $most_recently_active_version = $version;
-                        $most_recent_activation_date  = $activation_date;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $most_recently_active_version;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This redirects to the about EE page after activation
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function redirect_to_about_ee()
-    {
-        $notices = EE_Error::get_notices(false);
-        // if current user is an admin and it's not an ajax or rest request
-        if (
-            ! isset($notices['errors'])
-            && $this->request->isAdmin()
-            && apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EE_System__redirect_to_about_ee__do_redirect',
-                $this->capabilities->current_user_can('manage_options', 'espresso_about_default')
-            )
-        ) {
-            $query_params = ['page' => 'espresso_about'];
-            if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_new_activation) {
-                $query_params['new_activation'] = true;
-            }
-            if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_reactivation) {
-                $query_params['reactivation'] = true;
-            }
-            $url = add_query_arg($query_params, admin_url('admin.php'));
-            EEH_URL::safeRedirectAndExit($url);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * load_core_configuration
-     * this is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function load_core_configuration()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__begin', $this);
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Load_Textdomain');
-        // load textdomain
-        EE_Load_Textdomain::load_textdomain();
-        // load caf stuff a chance to play during the activation process too.
-        $this->_maybe_brew_regular();
-        // load and setup EE_Config and EE_Network_Config
-        $config = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Config');
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Network_Config');
-        // setup autoloaders
-        // enable logging?
-        if ($config->admin->use_remote_logging) {
-            $this->loader->getShared('EE_Log');
-        }
-        // check for activation errors
-        $activation_errors = get_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
-        if ($activation_errors) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($activation_errors, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            update_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
-        }
-        // get model names
-        $this->_parse_model_names();
-        // configure custom post type definitions
-        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomTaxonomyDefinitions');
-        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions');
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__complete', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * cycles through all of the models/*.model.php files, and assembles an array of model names
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _parse_model_names()
-    {
-        // get all the files in the EE_MODELS folder that end in .model.php
-        $models                 = glob(EE_MODELS . '*.model.php');
-        $model_names            = [];
-        $non_abstract_db_models = [];
-        foreach ($models as $model) {
-            // get model classname
-            $classname       = EEH_File::get_classname_from_filepath_with_standard_filename($model);
-            $short_name      = str_replace('EEM_', '', $classname);
-            $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($classname);
-            if ($reflectionClass->isSubclassOf('EEM_Base') && ! $reflectionClass->isAbstract()) {
-                $non_abstract_db_models[ $short_name ] = $classname;
-            }
-            $model_names[ $short_name ] = $classname;
-        }
-        $this->registry->models                 = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__parse_model_names', $model_names);
-        $this->registry->non_abstract_db_models = apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_System__parse_implemented_model_names',
-            $non_abstract_db_models
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * The purpose of this method is to simply check for a file named "caffeinated/brewing_regular.php" for any hooks
-     * that need to be setup before our EE_System launches.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidClassException
-     * @throws InvalidFilePathException
-     */
-    private function _maybe_brew_regular()
-    {
-        /** @var Domain $domain */
-        $domain = DomainFactory::getEventEspressoCoreDomain();
-        if ($domain->isCaffeinated()) {
-            require_once EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @throws Exception
-     * @since 4.9.71.p
-     */
-    public function loadRouteMatchSpecifications()
-    {
-        try {
-            $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\routing\RouteMatchSpecificationManager');
-            $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\routing\RouteCollection');
-            $this->router->loadPrimaryRoutes();
-        } catch (Exception $exception) {
-            new ExceptionStackTraceDisplay($exception);
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__loadRouteMatchSpecifications');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * loading CPT related classes earlier so that their definitions are available
-     * but not performing any actual registration with WP core until load_CPTs_and_session() is called
-     *
-     * @since   4.10.21.p
-     */
-    public function loadCustomPostTypes()
-    {
-        $this->register_custom_taxonomies = $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomies'
-        );
-        $this->register_custom_post_types = $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomPostTypes'
-        );
-        $this->register_custom_taxonomy_terms = $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomyTerms'
-        );
-        // integrate WP_Query with the EE models
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_CPT_Strategy');
-        // load legacy EE_Request_Handler in case add-ons still need it
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Request_Handler');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets
-     * generate lists of shortcodes and modules, then verify paths and classes
-     * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 7
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets()
-    {
-        $this->router->registerShortcodesModulesAndWidgets();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets');
-        // check for addons using old hook point
-        if (has_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons')) {
-            $this->_incompatible_addon_error();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * _incompatible_addon_error
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    private function _incompatible_addon_error()
-    {
-        // get array of classes hooking into here
-        $class_names = EEH_Class_Tools::get_class_names_for_all_callbacks_on_hook(
-            'AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons'
-        );
-        if (! empty($class_names)) {
-            $msg = esc_html__(
-                'The following plugins, addons, or modules appear to be incompatible with this version of Event Espresso and were automatically deactivated to avoid fatal errors:',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            $msg .= '<ul>';
-            foreach ($class_names as $class_name) {
-                $msg .= '<li><b>Event Espresso - '
-                        . str_replace(
-                            ['EE_', 'EEM_', 'EED_', 'EES_', 'EEW_'],
-                            '',
-                            $class_name
-                        ) . '</b></li>';
-            }
-            $msg .= '</ul>';
-            $msg .= esc_html__(
-                'Compatibility issues can be avoided and/or resolved by keeping addons and plugins updated to the latest version.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            );
-            // save list of incompatible addons to wp-options for later use
-            add_option('ee_incompatible_addons', $class_names, '', 'no');
-            if (is_admin()) {
-                EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * brew_espresso
-     * begins the process of setting hooks for initializing EE in the correct order
-     * This is happening on the 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso' hook point
-     * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 9
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function brew_espresso()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__begin', $this);
-        // load some final core systems
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'set_hooks_for_core'], 1);
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations'], 3);
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'load_CPTs_and_session'], 5);
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'load_controllers'], 7);
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'core_loaded_and_ready'], 9);
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'initialize'], 10);
-        add_action('init', [$this, 'initialize_last'], 100);
-        $this->router->brewEspresso();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__complete', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_hooks_for_core
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return    void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_hooks_for_core()
-    {
-        $this->_deactivate_incompatible_addons();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_core');
-        $this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\domain\values\session\SessionLifespan');
-        // caps need to be initialized on every request so that capability maps are set.
-        // @see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/8674
-        $this->registry->CAP->init_caps();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Using the information gathered in EE_System::_incompatible_addon_error,
-     * deactivates any addons considered incompatible with the current version of EE
-     */
-    private function _deactivate_incompatible_addons()
-    {
-        $incompatible_addons = get_option('ee_incompatible_addons', []);
-        if (! empty($incompatible_addons)) {
-            $active_plugins = get_option('active_plugins', []);
-            foreach ($active_plugins as $active_plugin) {
-                foreach ($incompatible_addons as $incompatible_addon) {
-                    if (strpos($active_plugin, $incompatible_addon) !== false) {
-                        $this->request->unSetRequestParams(['activate'], true);
-                        espresso_deactivate_plugin($active_plugin);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public function perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     * @throws DomainException
-     */
-    public function load_CPTs_and_session()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__start');
-        $this->register_custom_taxonomies->registerCustomTaxonomies();
-        $this->register_custom_post_types->registerCustomPostTypes();
-        $this->register_custom_taxonomy_terms->registerCustomTaxonomyTerms();
-        // load legacy Custom Post Types and Taxonomies
-        $this->loader->getShared('EE_Register_CPTs');
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__complete');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * load_controllers
-     * this is the best place to load any additional controllers that needs access to EE core.
-     * it is expected that all basic core EE systems, that are not dependant on the current request are loaded at this
-     * time
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function load_controllers()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__start');
-        $this->router->loadControllers();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__complete');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * core_loaded_and_ready
-     * all of the basic EE core should be loaded at this point and available regardless of M-Mode
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function core_loaded_and_ready()
-    {
-        $this->router->coreLoadedAndReady();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__core_loaded_and_ready');
-        // always load template tags, because it's faster than checking if it's a front-end request, and many page
-        // builders require these even on the front-end
-        require_once EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php';
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_shortcodes_modules_and_addons');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * initialize
-     * this is the best place to begin initializing client code
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function initialize()
-    {
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize');
-        add_filter(
-            'safe_style_css',
-            function ($styles) {
-                $styles[] = 'display';
-                $styles[] = 'visibility';
-                return $styles;
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * initialize_last
-     * this is run really late during the WP init hook point, and ensures that mostly everything else that needs to
-     * initialize has done so
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     * @throws Exception
-     */
-    public function initialize_last()
-    {
-        $this->router->initializeLast();
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last');
-        /** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules $rewrite_rules */
-        $rewrite_rules = $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules'
-        );
-        $rewrite_rules->flushRewriteRules();
-        add_action('admin_bar_init', [$this, 'addEspressoToolbar']);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function addEspressoToolbar()
-    {
-        $this->loader->getShared(
-            'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\AdminToolBar',
-            [$this->registry->CAP]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * do_not_cache
-     * sets no cache headers and defines no cache constants for WP plugins
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public static function do_not_cache()
-    {
-        // set no cache constants
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHEPAGE')) {
-            define('DONOTCACHEPAGE', true);
-        }
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT')) {
-            define('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT', true);
-        }
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHEDB')) {
-            define('DONOTCACHEDB', true);
-        }
-        // add no cache headers
-        add_action('send_headers', ['EE_System', 'nocache_headers'], 10);
-        // plus a little extra for nginx and Google Chrome
-        add_filter('nocache_headers', ['EE_System', 'extra_nocache_headers'], 10, 1);
-        // prevent browsers from prefetching of the rel='next' link, because it may contain content that interferes with the registration process
-        remove_action('wp_head', 'adjacent_posts_rel_link_wp_head');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    extra_nocache_headers
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @param $headers
-     * @return    array
-     */
-    public static function extra_nocache_headers($headers): array
-    {
-        // for NGINX
-        $headers['X-Accel-Expires'] = 0;
-        // plus extra for Google Chrome since it doesn't seem to respect "no-cache", but WILL respect "no-store"
-        $headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0';
-        return $headers;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    nocache_headers
-     *
-     * @access    public
-     * @return    void
-     */
-    public static function nocache_headers()
-    {
-        nocache_headers();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * simply hooks into "wp_list_pages_exclude" filter (for wp_list_pages method) and makes sure EE critical pages are
-     * never returned with the function.
-     *
-     * @param array $exclude_array any existing pages being excluded are in this array.
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages(array $exclude_array): array
-    {
-        return array_merge($exclude_array, $this->registry->CFG->core->get_critical_pages_array());
-    }
+	/**
+	 * indicates this is a 'normal' request. Ie, not activation, nor upgrade, nor activation.
+	 * So examples of this would be a normal GET request on the frontend or backend, or a POST, etc
+	 */
+	const req_type_normal = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Indicates this is a brand new installation of EE so we should install
+	 * tables and default data etc
+	 */
+	const req_type_new_activation = 1;
+
+	/**
+	 * we've detected that EE has been reactivated (or EE was activated during maintenance mode,
+	 * and we just exited maintenance mode). We MUST check the database is setup properly
+	 * and that default data is setup too
+	 */
+	const req_type_reactivation = 2;
+
+	/**
+	 * indicates that EE has been upgraded since its previous request.
+	 * We may have data migration scripts to call and will want to trigger maintenance mode
+	 */
+	const req_type_upgrade = 3;
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO  will detect that EE has been DOWNGRADED. We probably don't want to run in this case...
+	 */
+	const req_type_downgrade = 4;
+
+	/**
+	 * @deprecated since version 4.6.0.dev.006
+	 * Now whenever a new_activation is detected the request type is still just
+	 * new_activation (same for reactivation, upgrade, downgrade etc), but if we're in maintenance mode
+	 * EE_System::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required and EE_Addon::initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required
+	 * will instead enqueue that EE plugin's db initialization for when we're taken out of maintenance mode.
+	 * (Specifically, when the migration manager indicates migrations are finished
+	 * EE_Data_Migration_Manager::initialize_db_for_enqueued_ee_plugins() will be called)
+	 */
+	const req_type_activation_but_not_installed = 5;
+
+	/**
+	 * option prefix for recording the activation history (like core's "espresso_db_update") of addons
+	 */
+	const addon_activation_history_option_prefix = 'ee_addon_activation_history_';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var AddonManager $addon_manager
+	 */
+	private $addon_manager;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_System $_instance
+	 */
+	private static $_instance;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Registry $registry
+	 */
+	private $registry;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var LoaderInterface $loader
+	 */
+	private $loader;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Capabilities $capabilities
+	 */
+	private $capabilities;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
+	 */
+	private $maintenance_mode;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var RequestInterface $request
+	 */
+	private $request;
+
+	/**
+	 * Stores which type of request this is, options being one of the constants on EE_System starting with req_type_*.
+	 * It can be a brand-new activation, a reactivation, an upgrade, a downgrade, or a normal request.
+	 *
+	 * @var int $_req_type
+	 */
+	private $_req_type;
+
+	/**
+	 * Whether or not there was a non-micro version change in EE core version during this request
+	 *
+	 * @var boolean $_major_version_change
+	 */
+	private $_major_version_change = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var Router $router
+	 */
+	private $router;
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomPostTypes
+	 */
+	private $register_custom_post_types;
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomies
+	 */
+	private $register_custom_taxonomies;
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomyTerms
+	 */
+	private $register_custom_taxonomy_terms;
+
+	/**
+	 * @singleton method used to instantiate class object
+	 * @param LoaderInterface|null     $loader
+	 * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode|null $maintenance_mode
+	 * @param EE_Registry|null         $registry
+	 * @param RequestInterface|null    $request
+	 * @param Router|null              $router
+	 * @return EE_System
+	 */
+	public static function instance(
+		LoaderInterface $loader = null,
+		EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode = null,
+		EE_Registry $registry = null,
+		RequestInterface $request = null,
+		Router $router = null
+	): EE_System {
+		// check if class object is instantiated
+		if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_System) {
+			self::$_instance = new self($loader, $maintenance_mode, $registry, $request, $router);
+		}
+		return self::$_instance;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * resets the instance and returns it
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_System
+	 */
+	public static function reset(): EE_System
+	{
+		self::$_instance->_req_type = null;
+		// make sure none of the old hooks are left hanging around
+		remove_all_actions('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
+		// we need to reset the migration manager in order for it to detect DMSs properly
+		EE_Data_Migration_Manager::reset();
+		self::instance()->detect_activations_or_upgrades();
+		self::instance()->perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations();
+		return self::instance();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets hooks for running rest of system
+	 * provides "AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete" hook for EE Addons to use as their starting point
+	 * starting EE Addons from any other point may lead to problems
+	 *
+	 * @param LoaderInterface     $loader
+	 * @param EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode
+	 * @param EE_Registry         $registry
+	 * @param RequestInterface    $request
+	 * @param Router              $router
+	 */
+	private function __construct(
+		LoaderInterface $loader,
+		EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode,
+		EE_Registry $registry,
+		RequestInterface $request,
+		Router $router
+	) {
+		$this->registry         = $registry;
+		$this->loader           = $loader;
+		$this->request          = $request;
+		$this->router           = $router;
+		$this->maintenance_mode = $maintenance_mode;
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__begin', $this);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			[$this, 'loadCapabilities'],
+			5
+		);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			[$this, 'loadCommandBus'],
+			7
+		);
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			[$this, 'loadPluginApi'],
+			9
+		);
+		// allow addons to load first so that they can register autoloaders, set hooks for running DMS's, etc
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_espresso_addons',
+			[$this, 'load_espresso_addons']
+		);
+		// when an ee addon is activated, we want to call the core hook(s) again
+		// because the newly-activated addon didn't get a chance to run at all
+		add_action('activate_plugin', [$this, 'load_espresso_addons'], 1);
+		// detect whether install or upgrade
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades',
+			[$this, 'detect_activations_or_upgrades'],
+			3
+		);
+		// load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
+			[$this, 'load_core_configuration'],
+			5
+		);
+		// load specifications for matching routes to current request
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
+			[$this, 'loadRouteMatchSpecifications']
+		);
+		// load specifications for custom post types
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
+			array($this, 'loadCustomPostTypes')
+		);
+		// load specifications for custom post types
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration',
+			array($this, 'loadCustomPostTypes')
+		);
+		// load EE_Config, EE_Textdomain, etc
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets',
+			[$this, 'register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'],
+			7
+		);
+		// you wanna get going? I wanna get going... let's get going!
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso',
+			[$this, 'brew_espresso'],
+			9
+		);
+		// other housekeeping
+		// exclude EE critical pages from wp_list_pages
+		add_filter(
+			'wp_list_pages_excludes',
+			[$this, 'remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages'],
+			10
+		);
+		// ALL EE Addons should use the following hook point to attach their initial setup too
+		// it's extremely important for EE Addons to register any class autoloaders so that they can be available when the EE_Config loads
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__construct__complete', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load and setup EE_Capabilities
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function loadCapabilities()
+	{
+		$this->capabilities = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Capabilities');
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
+			function () {
+				LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EE_Payment_Method_Manager');
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * create and cache the CommandBus, and also add middleware
+	 * The CapChecker middleware requires the use of EE_Capabilities
+	 * which is why we need to load the CommandBus after Caps are set up
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function loadCommandBus()
+	{
+		$this->loader->getShared(
+			'CommandBusInterface',
+			[
+				null,
+				apply_filters(
+					'FHEE__EE_Load_Espresso_Core__handle_request__CommandBus_middleware',
+					[
+						$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\CapChecker'),
+						$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\commands\middleware\AddActionHook'),
+					]
+				),
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function loadPluginApi()
+	{
+		$this->addon_manager = $this->loader->getShared(AddonManager::class);
+		$this->addon_manager->initialize();
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Request_Handler');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load_espresso_addons
+	 * allow addons to load first so that they can set hooks for running DMS's, etc
+	 * this is hooked into both:
+	 *    'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
+	 *        which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
+	 *    and the WP 'activate_plugin' hook point
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function load_espresso_addons()
+	{
+		// looking for hooks? they've been moved into the AddonManager to maintain compatibility
+		$this->addon_manager->loadAddons();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * detect_activations_or_upgrades
+	 * Checks for activation or upgrade of core first;
+	 * then also checks if any registered addons have been activated or upgraded
+	 * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__detect_activations_or_upgrades'
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 3
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function detect_activations_or_upgrades()
+	{
+		// first off: let's make sure to handle core
+		$this->detect_if_activation_or_upgrade();
+		foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
+			if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
+				// detect teh request type for that addon
+				$addon->detect_req_type();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * detect_if_activation_or_upgrade
+	 * Takes care of detecting whether this is a brand new install or code upgrade,
+	 * and either setting up the DB or setting up maintenance mode etc.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function detect_if_activation_or_upgrade()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System___detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__begin');
+		// check if db has been updated, or if its a brand-new installation
+		$espresso_db_update = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
+		$request_type       = $this->detect_req_type($espresso_db_update);
+		// EEH_Debug_Tools::printr( $request_type, '$request_type', __FILE__, __LINE__ );
+		switch ($request_type) {
+			case EE_System::req_type_new_activation:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__new_activation');
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_reactivation:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__reactivation');
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_upgrade:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__upgrade');
+				// migrations may be required now that we've upgraded
+				$this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_downgrade:
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__downgrade');
+				// its possible migrations are no longer required
+				$this->maintenance_mode->set_maintenance_mode_if_db_old();
+				$this->_handle_core_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+				break;
+			case EE_System::req_type_normal:
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__detect_if_activation_or_upgrade__complete');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the list of installed versions and sets hooks for
+	 * initializing the database later during the request
+	 *
+	 * @param array $espresso_db_update
+	 */
+	private function _handle_core_version_change(array $espresso_db_update)
+	{
+		$this->update_list_of_installed_versions($espresso_db_update);
+		// get ready to verify the DB is ok (provided we aren't in maintenance mode, of course)
+		add_action(
+			'AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations',
+			[$this, 'initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required']
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * standardizes the wp option 'espresso_db_upgrade' which actually stores
+	 * information about what versions of EE have been installed and activated,
+	 * NOT necessarily the state of the database
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed $espresso_db_update           the value of the WordPress option.
+	 *                                            If not supplied, fetches it from the options table
+	 * @return array the correct value of 'espresso_db_upgrade', after saving it, if it needed correction
+	 */
+	private function fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($espresso_db_update = null): array
+	{
+		do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__begin', $espresso_db_update);
+		if (! $espresso_db_update) {
+			$espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update');
+		}
+		// check that option is an array
+		if (! is_array($espresso_db_update)) {
+			// if option is FALSE, then it never existed
+			if ($espresso_db_update === false) {
+				// make $espresso_db_update an array and save option with autoload OFF
+				$espresso_db_update = [];
+				add_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update, '', 'no');
+			} else {
+				// option is NOT FALSE but also is NOT an array, so make it an array and save it
+				$espresso_db_update = [$espresso_db_update => []];
+				update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
+			}
+		} else {
+			$corrected_db_update = [];
+			// if IS an array, but is it an array where KEYS are version numbers, and values are arrays?
+			foreach ($espresso_db_update as $should_be_version_string => $should_be_array) {
+				if (is_int($should_be_version_string) && ! is_array($should_be_array)) {
+					// the key is an int, and the value IS NOT an array
+					// so it must be numerically-indexed, where values are versions installed...
+					// fix it!
+					$version_string                         = $should_be_array;
+					$corrected_db_update[ $version_string ] = ['unknown-date'];
+				} else {
+					// ok it checks out
+					$corrected_db_update[ $should_be_version_string ] = $should_be_array;
+				}
+			}
+			$espresso_db_update = $corrected_db_update;
+			update_option('espresso_db_update', $espresso_db_update);
+		}
+		do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__complete', $espresso_db_update);
+		return ! empty($espresso_db_update) ? $espresso_db_update : [];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does the traditional work of setting up the plugin's database and adding default data.
+	 * If migration script/process did not exist, this is what would happen on every activation/reactivation/upgrade.
+	 * NOTE: if we're in maintenance mode (which would be the case if we detect there are data
+	 * migration scripts that need to be run and a version change happens), enqueues core for database initialization,
+	 * so that it will be done when migrations are finished
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $initialize_addons_too if true, we double-check addons' database tables etc too;
+	 * @param boolean $verify_schema         if true will re-check the database tables have the correct schema.
+	 *                                       This is a resource-intensive job
+	 *                                       so we prefer to only do it when necessary
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required($initialize_addons_too = false, $verify_schema = true)
+	{
+		$request_type = $this->detect_req_type();
+		// only initialize system if we're not in maintenance mode.
+		if ($this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance) {
+			/** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules $rewrite_rules */
+			$rewrite_rules = $this->loader->getShared(
+				'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules'
+			);
+			$rewrite_rules->flush();
+			if ($verify_schema) {
+				EEH_Activation::initialize_db_and_folders();
+			}
+			EEH_Activation::initialize_db_content();
+			EEH_Activation::system_initialization();
+			if ($initialize_addons_too) {
+				$this->initialize_addons();
+			}
+		} else {
+			EE_Data_Migration_Manager::instance()->enqueue_db_initialization_for('Core');
+		}
+		if (
+			$request_type === EE_System::req_type_new_activation
+			|| $request_type === EE_System::req_type_reactivation
+			|| (
+				$request_type === EE_System::req_type_upgrade
+				&& $this->is_major_version_change()
+			)
+		) {
+			add_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last', [$this, 'redirect_to_about_ee'], 9);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes the db for all registered addons
+	 *
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function initialize_addons()
+	{
+		// foreach registered addon, make sure its db is up-to-date too
+		foreach ($this->registry->addons as $addon) {
+			if ($addon instanceof EE_Addon) {
+				$addon->initialize_db_if_no_migrations_required();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds the current code version to the saved wp option which stores a list of all ee versions ever installed.
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $version_history
+	 * @param string $current_version_to_add version to be added to the version history
+	 * @return    boolean success as to whether or not this option was changed
+	 */
+	public function update_list_of_installed_versions($version_history = null, $current_version_to_add = null): bool
+	{
+		if (! $version_history) {
+			$version_history = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($version_history);
+		}
+		if ($current_version_to_add === null) {
+			$current_version_to_add = espresso_version();
+		}
+		$version_history[ $current_version_to_add ][] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
+		// re-save
+		return update_option('espresso_db_update', $version_history);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Detects if the current version indicated in the has existed in the list of
+	 * previously-installed versions of EE (espresso_db_update). Does NOT modify it (ie, no side-effect)
+	 *
+	 * @param array $espresso_db_update array from the wp option stored under the name 'espresso_db_update'.
+	 *                                  If not supplied, fetches it from the options table.
+	 *                                  Also, caches its result so later parts of the code can also know whether
+	 *                                  there's been an update or not. This way we can add the current version to
+	 *                                  espresso_db_update, but still know if this is a new install or not
+	 * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_
+	 */
+	public function detect_req_type($espresso_db_update = null): int
+	{
+		if ($this->_req_type === null) {
+			$espresso_db_update          = ! empty($espresso_db_update)
+				? $espresso_db_update
+				: $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option();
+			$this->_req_type             = EE_System::detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
+				$espresso_db_update,
+				'ee_espresso_activation',
+				espresso_version()
+			);
+			$this->_major_version_change = $this->_detect_major_version_change($espresso_db_update);
+			$this->request->setIsActivation($this->_req_type !== EE_System::req_type_normal);
+		}
+		return $this->_req_type;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether or not there was a non-micro version change (ie, change in either
+	 * the first or second number in the version. Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000,
+	 * but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
+	 *
+	 * @param $activation_history
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function _detect_major_version_change($activation_history): bool
+	{
+		$previous_version       = EE_System::getMostRecentlyActiveVersion($activation_history);
+		$previous_version_parts = explode('.', $previous_version);
+		$current_version_parts  = explode('.', espresso_version());
+		return isset(
+			$previous_version_parts[0],
+			$previous_version_parts[1],
+			$current_version_parts[0],
+			$current_version_parts[1]
+		) && (
+			$previous_version_parts[0] !== $current_version_parts[0]
+			|| $previous_version_parts[1] !== $current_version_parts[1]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if either the major or minor version of EE changed during this request.
+	 * Eg 4.9.0.rc.001 to 4.10.0.rc.000, but not 4.9.0.rc.0001 to 4.9.1.rc.0001
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	public function is_major_version_change(): bool
+	{
+		return $this->_major_version_change;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines the request type for any ee addon, given three piece of info: the current array of activation
+	 * histories (for core that' 'espresso_db_update' wp option); the name of the WordPress option which is temporarily
+	 * set upon activation of the plugin (for core it's 'ee_espresso_activation'); and the version that this plugin was
+	 * just activated to (for core that will always be espresso_version())
+	 *
+	 * @param array|null $activation_history             the option's value which stores the activation history for
+	 *                                                 this
+	 *                                                 ee plugin. for core that's 'espresso_db_update'
+	 * @param string $activation_indicator_option_name the name of the WordPress option that is temporarily set to
+	 *                                                 indicate that this plugin was just activated
+	 * @param string $current_version                  the version that was just upgraded to (for core that will be
+	 *                                                 espresso_version())
+	 * @return int one of the constants on EE_System::req_type_
+	 */
+	public static function detect_req_type_given_activation_history(
+		array $activation_history,
+		string $activation_indicator_option_name,
+		string $current_version
+	): int {
+		$version_change = self::compareVersionWithPrevious($activation_history, $current_version);
+		$is_activation  = get_option($activation_indicator_option_name, false);
+		$req_type       = self::getRequestType($activation_history, $version_change, $is_activation);
+		if ($is_activation) {
+			// cleanup in aisle 6
+			delete_option($activation_indicator_option_name);
+		}
+		return $req_type;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $activation_history
+	 * @param int    $version_change
+	 * @param bool   $is_activation
+	 * @return int
+	 * @since $VID:$
+	 */
+	private static function getRequestType(array $activation_history, int $version_change, bool $is_activation): int
+	{
+		// if no previous activation history exists, then this is a brand new install
+		if (empty($activation_history)) {
+			return EE_System::req_type_new_activation;
+		}
+		// current version is higher than previous version, so it's an upgrade
+		if ($version_change === 1) {
+			return EE_System::req_type_upgrade;
+		}
+		// current version is lower than previous version, so it's a downgrade
+		if ($version_change === -1) {
+			return EE_System::req_type_downgrade;
+		}
+		// version hasn't changed since last version so check if the activation indicator is set
+		// to determine if it's a reactivation, or just a normal request
+		return $is_activation
+			? EE_System::req_type_reactivation
+			: EE_System::req_type_normal;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Detects if the $version_to_upgrade_to is higher than the most recent version in
+	 * the $activation_history_for_addon
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $activation_history    array where keys are versions,
+	 *                                      values are arrays of times activated (sometimes 'unknown-date')
+	 * @param string $current_version
+	 * @return int results of version_compare( $version_to_upgrade_to, $most_recently_active_version ).
+	 *                                      -1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is LOWER (downgrade);
+	 *                                      0 if $version_to_upgrade_to MATCHES (reactivation or normal request);
+	 *                                      1 if $version_to_upgrade_to is HIGHER (upgrade) ;
+	 */
+	private static function compareVersionWithPrevious(array $activation_history, string $current_version): int
+	{
+		// find the most recently-activated version
+		$most_recently_active_version = EE_System::getMostRecentlyActiveVersion($activation_history);
+		return version_compare($current_version, $most_recently_active_version);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recently active version listed in the activation history,
+	 * and if none are found (ie, it's a brand new install) returns '0.0.0.dev.000'.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $activation_history  (keys are versions, values are arrays of times activated,
+	 *                                   sometimes containing 'unknown-date'
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private static function getMostRecentlyActiveVersion(array $activation_history): string
+	{
+		$most_recent_activation_date  = '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+		$most_recently_active_version = '0.0.0.dev.000';
+		if (is_array($activation_history)) {
+			foreach ($activation_history as $version => $activation_dates) {
+				// check there is a record of when this version was activated.
+				// Otherwise, mark it as unknown
+				if (! $activation_dates) {
+					$activation_dates = ['unknown-date'];
+				}
+				$activation_dates = is_string($activation_dates) ? [$activation_dates] : $activation_dates;
+				foreach ($activation_dates as $activation_date) {
+					if ($activation_date !== 'unknown-date' && $activation_date > $most_recent_activation_date) {
+						$most_recently_active_version = $version;
+						$most_recent_activation_date  = $activation_date;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $most_recently_active_version;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This redirects to the about EE page after activation
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function redirect_to_about_ee()
+	{
+		$notices = EE_Error::get_notices(false);
+		// if current user is an admin and it's not an ajax or rest request
+		if (
+			! isset($notices['errors'])
+			&& $this->request->isAdmin()
+			&& apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EE_System__redirect_to_about_ee__do_redirect',
+				$this->capabilities->current_user_can('manage_options', 'espresso_about_default')
+			)
+		) {
+			$query_params = ['page' => 'espresso_about'];
+			if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_new_activation) {
+				$query_params['new_activation'] = true;
+			}
+			if (EE_System::instance()->detect_req_type() === EE_System::req_type_reactivation) {
+				$query_params['reactivation'] = true;
+			}
+			$url = add_query_arg($query_params, admin_url('admin.php'));
+			EEH_URL::safeRedirectAndExit($url);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load_core_configuration
+	 * this is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__load_core_configuration'
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 5
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function load_core_configuration()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__begin', $this);
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Load_Textdomain');
+		// load textdomain
+		EE_Load_Textdomain::load_textdomain();
+		// load caf stuff a chance to play during the activation process too.
+		$this->_maybe_brew_regular();
+		// load and setup EE_Config and EE_Network_Config
+		$config = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Config');
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Network_Config');
+		// setup autoloaders
+		// enable logging?
+		if ($config->admin->use_remote_logging) {
+			$this->loader->getShared('EE_Log');
+		}
+		// check for activation errors
+		$activation_errors = get_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
+		if ($activation_errors) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($activation_errors, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			update_option('ee_plugin_activation_errors', false);
+		}
+		// get model names
+		$this->_parse_model_names();
+		// configure custom post type definitions
+		$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomTaxonomyDefinitions');
+		$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\domain\entities\custom_post_types\CustomPostTypeDefinitions');
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_core_configuration__complete', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cycles through all of the models/*.model.php files, and assembles an array of model names
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _parse_model_names()
+	{
+		// get all the files in the EE_MODELS folder that end in .model.php
+		$models                 = glob(EE_MODELS . '*.model.php');
+		$model_names            = [];
+		$non_abstract_db_models = [];
+		foreach ($models as $model) {
+			// get model classname
+			$classname       = EEH_File::get_classname_from_filepath_with_standard_filename($model);
+			$short_name      = str_replace('EEM_', '', $classname);
+			$reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($classname);
+			if ($reflectionClass->isSubclassOf('EEM_Base') && ! $reflectionClass->isAbstract()) {
+				$non_abstract_db_models[ $short_name ] = $classname;
+			}
+			$model_names[ $short_name ] = $classname;
+		}
+		$this->registry->models                 = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__parse_model_names', $model_names);
+		$this->registry->non_abstract_db_models = apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_System__parse_implemented_model_names',
+			$non_abstract_db_models
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * The purpose of this method is to simply check for a file named "caffeinated/brewing_regular.php" for any hooks
+	 * that need to be setup before our EE_System launches.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidClassException
+	 * @throws InvalidFilePathException
+	 */
+	private function _maybe_brew_regular()
+	{
+		/** @var Domain $domain */
+		$domain = DomainFactory::getEventEspressoCoreDomain();
+		if ($domain->isCaffeinated()) {
+			require_once EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 * @since 4.9.71.p
+	 */
+	public function loadRouteMatchSpecifications()
+	{
+		try {
+			$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\routing\RouteMatchSpecificationManager');
+			$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\services\routing\RouteCollection');
+			$this->router->loadPrimaryRoutes();
+		} catch (Exception $exception) {
+			new ExceptionStackTraceDisplay($exception);
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__loadRouteMatchSpecifications');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * loading CPT related classes earlier so that their definitions are available
+	 * but not performing any actual registration with WP core until load_CPTs_and_session() is called
+	 *
+	 * @since   4.10.21.p
+	 */
+	public function loadCustomPostTypes()
+	{
+		$this->register_custom_taxonomies = $this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomies'
+		);
+		$this->register_custom_post_types = $this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomPostTypes'
+		);
+		$this->register_custom_taxonomy_terms = $this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RegisterCustomTaxonomyTerms'
+		);
+		// integrate WP_Query with the EE models
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_CPT_Strategy');
+		// load legacy EE_Request_Handler in case add-ons still need it
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Request_Handler');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets
+	 * generate lists of shortcodes and modules, then verify paths and classes
+	 * This is hooked into 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets'
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 7
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets()
+	{
+		$this->router->registerShortcodesModulesAndWidgets();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_widgets');
+		// check for addons using old hook point
+		if (has_action('AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons')) {
+			$this->_incompatible_addon_error();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * _incompatible_addon_error
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	private function _incompatible_addon_error()
+	{
+		// get array of classes hooking into here
+		$class_names = EEH_Class_Tools::get_class_names_for_all_callbacks_on_hook(
+			'AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons'
+		);
+		if (! empty($class_names)) {
+			$msg = esc_html__(
+				'The following plugins, addons, or modules appear to be incompatible with this version of Event Espresso and were automatically deactivated to avoid fatal errors:',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			$msg .= '<ul>';
+			foreach ($class_names as $class_name) {
+				$msg .= '<li><b>Event Espresso - '
+						. str_replace(
+							['EE_', 'EEM_', 'EED_', 'EES_', 'EEW_'],
+							'',
+							$class_name
+						) . '</b></li>';
+			}
+			$msg .= '</ul>';
+			$msg .= esc_html__(
+				'Compatibility issues can be avoided and/or resolved by keeping addons and plugins updated to the latest version.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			);
+			// save list of incompatible addons to wp-options for later use
+			add_option('ee_incompatible_addons', $class_names, '', 'no');
+			if (is_admin()) {
+				EE_Error::add_error($msg, __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * brew_espresso
+	 * begins the process of setting hooks for initializing EE in the correct order
+	 * This is happening on the 'AHEE__EE_Bootstrap__brew_espresso' hook point
+	 * which runs during the WP 'plugins_loaded' action at priority 9
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function brew_espresso()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__begin', $this);
+		// load some final core systems
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'set_hooks_for_core'], 1);
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations'], 3);
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'load_CPTs_and_session'], 5);
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'load_controllers'], 7);
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'core_loaded_and_ready'], 9);
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'initialize'], 10);
+		add_action('init', [$this, 'initialize_last'], 100);
+		$this->router->brewEspresso();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__brew_espresso__complete', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_hooks_for_core
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return    void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_hooks_for_core()
+	{
+		$this->_deactivate_incompatible_addons();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_core');
+		$this->loader->getShared('EventEspresso\core\domain\values\session\SessionLifespan');
+		// caps need to be initialized on every request so that capability maps are set.
+		// @see https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/8674
+		$this->registry->CAP->init_caps();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Using the information gathered in EE_System::_incompatible_addon_error,
+	 * deactivates any addons considered incompatible with the current version of EE
+	 */
+	private function _deactivate_incompatible_addons()
+	{
+		$incompatible_addons = get_option('ee_incompatible_addons', []);
+		if (! empty($incompatible_addons)) {
+			$active_plugins = get_option('active_plugins', []);
+			foreach ($active_plugins as $active_plugin) {
+				foreach ($incompatible_addons as $incompatible_addon) {
+					if (strpos($active_plugin, $incompatible_addon) !== false) {
+						$this->request->unSetRequestParams(['activate'], true);
+						espresso_deactivate_plugin($active_plugin);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public function perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__perform_activations_upgrades_and_migrations');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 */
+	public function load_CPTs_and_session()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__start');
+		$this->register_custom_taxonomies->registerCustomTaxonomies();
+		$this->register_custom_post_types->registerCustomPostTypes();
+		$this->register_custom_taxonomy_terms->registerCustomTaxonomyTerms();
+		// load legacy Custom Post Types and Taxonomies
+		$this->loader->getShared('EE_Register_CPTs');
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_CPTs_and_session__complete');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * load_controllers
+	 * this is the best place to load any additional controllers that needs access to EE core.
+	 * it is expected that all basic core EE systems, that are not dependant on the current request are loaded at this
+	 * time
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function load_controllers()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__start');
+		$this->router->loadControllers();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__load_controllers__complete');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * core_loaded_and_ready
+	 * all of the basic EE core should be loaded at this point and available regardless of M-Mode
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function core_loaded_and_ready()
+	{
+		$this->router->coreLoadedAndReady();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__core_loaded_and_ready');
+		// always load template tags, because it's faster than checking if it's a front-end request, and many page
+		// builders require these even on the front-end
+		require_once EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php';
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_shortcodes_modules_and_addons');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * initialize
+	 * this is the best place to begin initializing client code
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function initialize()
+	{
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize');
+		add_filter(
+			'safe_style_css',
+			function ($styles) {
+				$styles[] = 'display';
+				$styles[] = 'visibility';
+				return $styles;
+			}
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * initialize_last
+	 * this is run really late during the WP init hook point, and ensures that mostly everything else that needs to
+	 * initialize has done so
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws Exception
+	 */
+	public function initialize_last()
+	{
+		$this->router->initializeLast();
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize_last');
+		/** @var EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules $rewrite_rules */
+		$rewrite_rules = $this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\custom_post_types\RewriteRules'
+		);
+		$rewrite_rules->flushRewriteRules();
+		add_action('admin_bar_init', [$this, 'addEspressoToolbar']);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function addEspressoToolbar()
+	{
+		$this->loader->getShared(
+			'EventEspresso\core\domain\services\admin\AdminToolBar',
+			[$this->registry->CAP]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * do_not_cache
+	 * sets no cache headers and defines no cache constants for WP plugins
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public static function do_not_cache()
+	{
+		// set no cache constants
+		if (! defined('DONOTCACHEPAGE')) {
+			define('DONOTCACHEPAGE', true);
+		}
+		if (! defined('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT')) {
+			define('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT', true);
+		}
+		if (! defined('DONOTCACHEDB')) {
+			define('DONOTCACHEDB', true);
+		}
+		// add no cache headers
+		add_action('send_headers', ['EE_System', 'nocache_headers'], 10);
+		// plus a little extra for nginx and Google Chrome
+		add_filter('nocache_headers', ['EE_System', 'extra_nocache_headers'], 10, 1);
+		// prevent browsers from prefetching of the rel='next' link, because it may contain content that interferes with the registration process
+		remove_action('wp_head', 'adjacent_posts_rel_link_wp_head');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    extra_nocache_headers
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @param $headers
+	 * @return    array
+	 */
+	public static function extra_nocache_headers($headers): array
+	{
+		// for NGINX
+		$headers['X-Accel-Expires'] = 0;
+		// plus extra for Google Chrome since it doesn't seem to respect "no-cache", but WILL respect "no-store"
+		$headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0';
+		return $headers;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    nocache_headers
+	 *
+	 * @access    public
+	 * @return    void
+	 */
+	public static function nocache_headers()
+	{
+		nocache_headers();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * simply hooks into "wp_list_pages_exclude" filter (for wp_list_pages method) and makes sure EE critical pages are
+	 * never returned with the function.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $exclude_array any existing pages being excluded are in this array.
+	 * @return array
+	 */
+	public function remove_pages_from_wp_list_pages(array $exclude_array): array
+	{
+		return array_merge($exclude_array, $this->registry->CFG->core->get_critical_pages_array());
+	}
 }

Spacing +21 added lines, -21 removed lines

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ 
         Router $router = null
     ): EE_System {
         // check if class object is instantiated
-        if (! self::$_instance instanceof EE_System) {
+        if ( ! self::$_instance instanceof EE_System) {
             self::$_instance = new self($loader, $maintenance_mode, $registry, $request, $router);
         }
         return self::$_instance;
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ 
         $this->capabilities = $this->loader->getShared('EE_Capabilities');
         add_action(
             'AHEE__EE_Capabilities__init_caps__before_initialization',
-            function () {
+            function() {
                 LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared('EE_Payment_Method_Manager');
             }
         );
@@ -449,11 +449,11 @@ 
     private function fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($espresso_db_update = null): array
     {
         do_action('FHEE__EE_System__manage_fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option__begin', $espresso_db_update);
-        if (! $espresso_db_update) {
+        if ( ! $espresso_db_update) {
             $espresso_db_update = get_option('espresso_db_update');
         }
         // check that option is an array
-        if (! is_array($espresso_db_update)) {
+        if ( ! is_array($espresso_db_update)) {
             // if option is FALSE, then it never existed
             if ($espresso_db_update === false) {
                 // make $espresso_db_update an array and save option with autoload OFF
@@ -473,10 +473,10 @@ 
                     // so it must be numerically-indexed, where values are versions installed...
                     // fix it!
                     $version_string                         = $should_be_array;
-                    $corrected_db_update[ $version_string ] = ['unknown-date'];
+                    $corrected_db_update[$version_string] = ['unknown-date'];
                 } else {
                     // ok it checks out
-                    $corrected_db_update[ $should_be_version_string ] = $should_be_array;
+                    $corrected_db_update[$should_be_version_string] = $should_be_array;
                 }
             }
             $espresso_db_update = $corrected_db_update;
@@ -562,13 +562,13 @@ 
      */
     public function update_list_of_installed_versions($version_history = null, $current_version_to_add = null): bool
     {
-        if (! $version_history) {
+        if ( ! $version_history) {
             $version_history = $this->fix_espresso_db_upgrade_option($version_history);
         }
         if ($current_version_to_add === null) {
             $current_version_to_add = espresso_version();
         }
-        $version_history[ $current_version_to_add ][] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
+        $version_history[$current_version_to_add][] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time());
         // re-save
         return update_option('espresso_db_update', $version_history);
     }
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ 
             foreach ($activation_history as $version => $activation_dates) {
                 // check there is a record of when this version was activated.
                 // Otherwise, mark it as unknown
-                if (! $activation_dates) {
+                if ( ! $activation_dates) {
                     $activation_dates = ['unknown-date'];
                 }
                 $activation_dates = is_string($activation_dates) ? [$activation_dates] : $activation_dates;
@@ -831,7 +831,7 @@ 
     private function _parse_model_names()
     {
         // get all the files in the EE_MODELS folder that end in .model.php
-        $models                 = glob(EE_MODELS . '*.model.php');
+        $models                 = glob(EE_MODELS.'*.model.php');
         $model_names            = [];
         $non_abstract_db_models = [];
         foreach ($models as $model) {
@@ -840,9 +840,9 @@ 
             $short_name      = str_replace('EEM_', '', $classname);
             $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($classname);
             if ($reflectionClass->isSubclassOf('EEM_Base') && ! $reflectionClass->isAbstract()) {
-                $non_abstract_db_models[ $short_name ] = $classname;
+                $non_abstract_db_models[$short_name] = $classname;
             }
-            $model_names[ $short_name ] = $classname;
+            $model_names[$short_name] = $classname;
         }
         $this->registry->models                 = apply_filters('FHEE__EE_System__parse_model_names', $model_names);
         $this->registry->non_abstract_db_models = apply_filters(
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ 
         /** @var Domain $domain */
         $domain = DomainFactory::getEventEspressoCoreDomain();
         if ($domain->isCaffeinated()) {
-            require_once EE_CAFF_PATH . 'brewing_regular.php';
+            require_once EE_CAFF_PATH.'brewing_regular.php';
         }
     }
 
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ 
         $class_names = EEH_Class_Tools::get_class_names_for_all_callbacks_on_hook(
             'AHEE__EE_System__register_shortcodes_modules_and_addons'
         );
-        if (! empty($class_names)) {
+        if ( ! empty($class_names)) {
             $msg = esc_html__(
                 'The following plugins, addons, or modules appear to be incompatible with this version of Event Espresso and were automatically deactivated to avoid fatal errors:',
                 'event_espresso'
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ 
                             ['EE_', 'EEM_', 'EED_', 'EES_', 'EEW_'],
                             '',
                             $class_name
-                        ) . '</b></li>';
+                        ).'</b></li>';
             }
             $msg .= '</ul>';
             $msg .= esc_html__(
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ 
     private function _deactivate_incompatible_addons()
     {
         $incompatible_addons = get_option('ee_incompatible_addons', []);
-        if (! empty($incompatible_addons)) {
+        if ( ! empty($incompatible_addons)) {
             $active_plugins = get_option('active_plugins', []);
             foreach ($active_plugins as $active_plugin) {
                 foreach ($incompatible_addons as $incompatible_addon) {
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ 
         do_action('AHEE__EE_System__core_loaded_and_ready');
         // always load template tags, because it's faster than checking if it's a front-end request, and many page
         // builders require these even on the front-end
-        require_once EE_PUBLIC . 'template_tags.php';
+        require_once EE_PUBLIC.'template_tags.php';
         do_action('AHEE__EE_System__set_hooks_for_shortcodes_modules_and_addons');
     }
 
@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ 
         do_action('AHEE__EE_System__initialize');
         add_filter(
             'safe_style_css',
-            function ($styles) {
+            function($styles) {
                 $styles[] = 'display';
                 $styles[] = 'visibility';
                 return $styles;
@@ -1170,13 +1170,13 @@ 
     public static function do_not_cache()
     {
         // set no cache constants
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHEPAGE')) {
+        if ( ! defined('DONOTCACHEPAGE')) {
             define('DONOTCACHEPAGE', true);
         }
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT')) {
+        if ( ! defined('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT')) {
             define('DONOTCACHCEOBJECT', true);
         }
-        if (! defined('DONOTCACHEDB')) {
+        if ( ! defined('DONOTCACHEDB')) {
             define('DONOTCACHEDB', true);
         }
         // add no cache headers

core/domain/services/pue/Stats.php

Indentation +204 added lines, -204 removed lines

@@ -21,86 +21,86 @@ 
  */
 class Stats
 {
-    const OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS = 'ee_uxip_stats_expiry';
-
-    /**
-     * @var Config
-     */
-    private $config;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var StatsGatherer
-     */
-    private $stats_gatherer;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Maintenance_Mode
-     */
-    private $maintenance_mode;
-
-    public function __construct(
-        Config $config,
-        EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode,
-        StatsGatherer $stats_gatherer
-    ) {
-        $this->config = $config;
-        $this->maintenance_mode = $maintenance_mode;
-        $this->stats_gatherer = $stats_gatherer;
-        $this->setUxipNotices();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Displays uxip opt-in notice if necessary.
-     */
-    private function setUxipNotices()
-    {
-        if ($this->canDisplayNotices()) {
-            add_action('admin_notices', array($this, 'optinNotice'));
-            add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', array($this, 'enqueueScripts'));
-            add_action('wp_ajax_espresso_data_optin', array($this, 'ajaxHandler'));
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the callback that PluginUpdateEngineChecker will use for getting any extra stats to send.
-     *
-     * @return Closure
-     */
-    public function statsCallback()
-    {
-        // returns a callback that can is used to retrieve the stats to send along to the pue server.
-        return function () {
-            // we only send stats one a week, so let's see if our stat timestamp has expired.
-            if (! $this->sendStats()) {
-                return array();
-            }
-            return $this->stats_gatherer->stats();
-        };
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return whether notices can be displayed or not
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function canDisplayNotices()
-    {
-        return ! $this->config->hasNotifiedForUxip()
-               && $this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for the admin_notices hook that outputs the UXIP optin-in notice.
-     */
-    public function optinNotice()
-    {
-        ?>
+	const OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS = 'ee_uxip_stats_expiry';
+
+	/**
+	 * @var Config
+	 */
+	private $config;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var StatsGatherer
+	 */
+	private $stats_gatherer;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Maintenance_Mode
+	 */
+	private $maintenance_mode;
+
+	public function __construct(
+		Config $config,
+		EE_Maintenance_Mode $maintenance_mode,
+		StatsGatherer $stats_gatherer
+	) {
+		$this->config = $config;
+		$this->maintenance_mode = $maintenance_mode;
+		$this->stats_gatherer = $stats_gatherer;
+		$this->setUxipNotices();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Displays uxip opt-in notice if necessary.
+	 */
+	private function setUxipNotices()
+	{
+		if ($this->canDisplayNotices()) {
+			add_action('admin_notices', array($this, 'optinNotice'));
+			add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', array($this, 'enqueueScripts'));
+			add_action('wp_ajax_espresso_data_optin', array($this, 'ajaxHandler'));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the callback that PluginUpdateEngineChecker will use for getting any extra stats to send.
+	 *
+	 * @return Closure
+	 */
+	public function statsCallback()
+	{
+		// returns a callback that can is used to retrieve the stats to send along to the pue server.
+		return function () {
+			// we only send stats one a week, so let's see if our stat timestamp has expired.
+			if (! $this->sendStats()) {
+				return array();
+			}
+			return $this->stats_gatherer->stats();
+		};
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return whether notices can be displayed or not
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function canDisplayNotices()
+	{
+		return ! $this->config->hasNotifiedForUxip()
+			   && $this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for the admin_notices hook that outputs the UXIP optin-in notice.
+	 */
+	public function optinNotice()
+	{
+		?>
         <div class="espresso-notices updated data-collect-optin" id="espresso-data-collect-optin-container">
             <div id="data-collect-optin-options-container">
                 <span class="dashicons dashicons-admin-site"></span>
@@ -113,128 +113,128 @@ 
             </div>
         </div>
         <?php
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Retrieves the optin text (static so it can be used in multiple places as necessary).
-     *
-     * @param bool $extra
-     */
-    public static function optinText($extra = true)
-    {
-        if (! $extra) {
-            echo '<h2 class="ee-admin-settings-hdr" '
-                 . (! $extra ? 'id="UXIP_settings"' : '')
-                 . '>'
-                 . esc_html__('User eXperience Improvement Program (UXIP)', 'event_espresso')
-                 . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link('organization_logo_info')
-                 . '</h2>';
-            printf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    '%1$sPlease help us make Event Espresso better and vote for your favorite features.%2$s The %3$sUser eXperience Improvement Program (UXIP)%4$s, has been created so when you use Event Espresso you are voting for the features and settings that are important to you. The UXIP helps us understand how you use our products and services, track problems and in what context. If you opt-out of the UXIP you essentially elect for us to disregard how you use Event Espresso as we build new features and make changes. Participation in the program is completely voluntary and it is disabled by default. The end results of the UXIP are software improvements to better meet your needs. The data we collect will never be sold, traded, or misused in any way. %5$sPlease see our %6$sPrivacy Policy%7$s for more information.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                '<p><em>',
-                '</em></p>',
-                '<a href="https://eventespresso.com/about/user-experience-improvement-program-uxip/" target="_blank">',
-                '</a>',
-                '<br><br>',
-                '<a href="https://eventespresso.com/about/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">',
-                '</a>'
-            );
-        } else {
-            $settings_url = EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-                array('action' => 'default'),
-                admin_url('admin.php?page=espresso_general_settings')
-            );
-            $settings_url .= '#UXIP_settings';
-            printf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'The Event Espresso UXIP feature is not yet active on your site. For %1$smore info%2$s and to opt-in %3$sclick here%4$s.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                '<a href="https://eventespresso.com/about/user-experience-improvement-program-uxip/" target="_blank">',
-                '</a>',
-                '<a href="' . $settings_url . '" target="_blank">',
-                '</a>'
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for admin_enqueue_scripts that sets up the scripts and styles for the uxip notice
-     */
-    public function enqueueScripts()
-    {
-        wp_register_script(
-            'ee-data-optin-js',
-            EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/ee-data-optin.js',
-            array('jquery'),
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-            true
-        );
-        wp_register_style(
-            'ee-data-optin-css',
-            EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'css/ee-data-optin.css',
-            array(),
-            EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
-        );
-
-        wp_enqueue_script('ee-data-optin-js');
-        wp_enqueue_style('ee-data-optin-css');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Callback for wp_ajax_espresso_data_optin that handles the ajax request
-     */
-    public function ajaxHandler()
-    {
-        /** @var RequestInterface $request */
-        $request = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared(RequestInterface::class);
-        $nonce = $request->getRequestParam('nonce');
-        // verify nonce
-        if (! $nonce || ! wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'ee-data-optin')) {
-            exit();
-        }
-
-        // update has notified option
-        $this->config->setHasNotifiedAboutUxip();
-        exit();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Used to determine whether additional stats are sent.
-     */
-    private function sendStats()
-    {
-        return $this->config->isOptedInForUxip()
-               && $this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance
-               && $this->statSendTimestampExpired();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true when the timestamp used to track whether stats get sent (currently a weekly interval) is expired.
-     * Returns false otherwise.
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    private function statSendTimestampExpired()
-    {
-        $current_expiry = get_option(self::OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS, null);
-        if ($current_expiry === null) {
-            add_option(self::OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS, time() + WEEK_IN_SECONDS, '', 'no');
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (time() > (int) $current_expiry) {
-            update_option(self::OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS, time() + WEEK_IN_SECONDS);
-            return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the optin text (static so it can be used in multiple places as necessary).
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $extra
+	 */
+	public static function optinText($extra = true)
+	{
+		if (! $extra) {
+			echo '<h2 class="ee-admin-settings-hdr" '
+				 . (! $extra ? 'id="UXIP_settings"' : '')
+				 . '>'
+				 . esc_html__('User eXperience Improvement Program (UXIP)', 'event_espresso')
+				 . EEH_Template::get_help_tab_link('organization_logo_info')
+				 . '</h2>';
+			printf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'%1$sPlease help us make Event Espresso better and vote for your favorite features.%2$s The %3$sUser eXperience Improvement Program (UXIP)%4$s, has been created so when you use Event Espresso you are voting for the features and settings that are important to you. The UXIP helps us understand how you use our products and services, track problems and in what context. If you opt-out of the UXIP you essentially elect for us to disregard how you use Event Espresso as we build new features and make changes. Participation in the program is completely voluntary and it is disabled by default. The end results of the UXIP are software improvements to better meet your needs. The data we collect will never be sold, traded, or misused in any way. %5$sPlease see our %6$sPrivacy Policy%7$s for more information.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				'<p><em>',
+				'</em></p>',
+				'<a href="https://eventespresso.com/about/user-experience-improvement-program-uxip/" target="_blank">',
+				'</a>',
+				'<br><br>',
+				'<a href="https://eventespresso.com/about/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">',
+				'</a>'
+			);
+		} else {
+			$settings_url = EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+				array('action' => 'default'),
+				admin_url('admin.php?page=espresso_general_settings')
+			);
+			$settings_url .= '#UXIP_settings';
+			printf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'The Event Espresso UXIP feature is not yet active on your site. For %1$smore info%2$s and to opt-in %3$sclick here%4$s.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				'<a href="https://eventespresso.com/about/user-experience-improvement-program-uxip/" target="_blank">',
+				'</a>',
+				'<a href="' . $settings_url . '" target="_blank">',
+				'</a>'
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for admin_enqueue_scripts that sets up the scripts and styles for the uxip notice
+	 */
+	public function enqueueScripts()
+	{
+		wp_register_script(
+			'ee-data-optin-js',
+			EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'scripts/ee-data-optin.js',
+			array('jquery'),
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+			true
+		);
+		wp_register_style(
+			'ee-data-optin-css',
+			EE_GLOBAL_ASSETS_URL . 'css/ee-data-optin.css',
+			array(),
+			EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION
+		);
+
+		wp_enqueue_script('ee-data-optin-js');
+		wp_enqueue_style('ee-data-optin-css');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback for wp_ajax_espresso_data_optin that handles the ajax request
+	 */
+	public function ajaxHandler()
+	{
+		/** @var RequestInterface $request */
+		$request = LoaderFactory::getLoader()->getShared(RequestInterface::class);
+		$nonce = $request->getRequestParam('nonce');
+		// verify nonce
+		if (! $nonce || ! wp_verify_nonce($nonce, 'ee-data-optin')) {
+			exit();
+		}
+
+		// update has notified option
+		$this->config->setHasNotifiedAboutUxip();
+		exit();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Used to determine whether additional stats are sent.
+	 */
+	private function sendStats()
+	{
+		return $this->config->isOptedInForUxip()
+			   && $this->maintenance_mode->level() !== EE_Maintenance_Mode::level_2_complete_maintenance
+			   && $this->statSendTimestampExpired();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true when the timestamp used to track whether stats get sent (currently a weekly interval) is expired.
+	 * Returns false otherwise.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 */
+	private function statSendTimestampExpired()
+	{
+		$current_expiry = get_option(self::OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS, null);
+		if ($current_expiry === null) {
+			add_option(self::OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS, time() + WEEK_IN_SECONDS, '', 'no');
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if (time() > (int) $current_expiry) {
+			update_option(self::OPTIONS_KEY_EXPIRY_TIMESTAMP_FOR_SENDING_STATS, time() + WEEK_IN_SECONDS);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
 }

core/domain/services/admin/registrations/DatetimesForEventCheckIn.php

Indentation +155 added lines, -155 removed lines

@@ -12,159 +12,159 @@
 
 class DatetimesForEventCheckIn
 {
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Capabilities $caps
-     */
-    public $caps;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Event
-     */
-    protected $event;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Event[]
-     */
-    protected $all_events;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EE_Datetime[][]
-     */
-    protected $datetimes;
-
-    /**
-     * @var int
-     */
-    private $start_date_offset;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Capabilities $capabilities
-     * @param EE_Event|null   $event
-     */
-    public function __construct(EE_Capabilities $capabilities, ?EE_Event $event = null)
-    {
-        $this->event = $event;
-        $this->caps = $capabilities;
-        $this->start_date_offset = absint(
-            apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_domain_services_admin_registrations_DatetimesForEventCheckIn__start_date_offset',
-                HOUR_IN_SECONDS * 2,
-                $this->event
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int $event_id
-     * @return DatetimesForEventCheckIn
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function fromEventID(int $event_id): DatetimesForEventCheckIn
-    {
-        /** @var EE_Event $event */
-        $event = EEM_Event::instance()->get_one_by_ID($event_id);
-        return new DatetimesForEventCheckIn(EE_Capabilities::instance(), $event);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Event $event
-     * @return DatetimesForEventCheckIn
-     */
-    public static function fromEvent(EE_Event $event): DatetimesForEventCheckIn
-    {
-        return new DatetimesForEventCheckIn(EE_Capabilities::instance(), $event);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Registration $registration
-     * @return DatetimesForEventCheckIn
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function fromRegistration(EE_Registration $registration): DatetimesForEventCheckIn
-    {
-        return new DatetimesForEventCheckIn(EE_Capabilities::instance(), $registration->event());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EE_Event
-     */
-    public function event(): EE_Event
-    {
-        return $this->event;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function getAllActiveDatetimesForAllEvents(): array
-    {
-        if ($this->all_events === null) {
-            $where = [
-                'Registration.REG_ID' => ['!=', null]
-            ];
-            if (! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
-                $where['status**'] = ['!=', 'private'];
-            }
-            if (! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
-                $where['EVT_wp_user'] = get_current_user_id();
-            }
-            $this->all_events = EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(
-                [
-                    $where,
-                    'order_by' => ['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => 'DESC'],
-                ]
-            );
-        }
-        return $this->all_events;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function getAllActiveDatetimesForEvent(bool $active = true): array
-    {
-        $start_date = $active ? time() - $this->start_date_offset : null;
-        return $this->event instanceof EE_Event
-            ? $this->event->activeDatetimes($start_date)
-            : [];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int|null $DTD_ID If specific datetime ID is supplied, will return that date, but only if it is active.
-     *                         If no ID is supplied but event only has one related datetime, then it will be returned.
-     *                         If the above conditions are not met, then function will return null.
-     * @param bool $active
-     * @return EE_Datetime|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function getOneActiveDatetimeForEvent(?int $DTD_ID = 0, bool $active = true): ?EE_Datetime
-    {
-        $key = $active ? 1 : 0;
-        if (! isset($this->datetimes[ $key ]) || $this->datetimes[ $key ] === null) {
-            $this->datetimes[ $key ] = $this->getAllActiveDatetimesForEvent($active);
-        }
-        if ($DTD_ID) {
-            foreach ($this->datetimes[ $key ] as $datetime) {
-                if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->ID() === $DTD_ID) {
-                    return $datetime;
-                }
-            }
-            return null;
-        }
-        return count($this->datetimes[ $key ]) === 1 ? reset($this->datetimes[ $key ]) : null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Capabilities $caps
+	 */
+	public $caps;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Event
+	 */
+	protected $event;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Event[]
+	 */
+	protected $all_events;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EE_Datetime[][]
+	 */
+	protected $datetimes;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	private $start_date_offset;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Capabilities $capabilities
+	 * @param EE_Event|null   $event
+	 */
+	public function __construct(EE_Capabilities $capabilities, ?EE_Event $event = null)
+	{
+		$this->event = $event;
+		$this->caps = $capabilities;
+		$this->start_date_offset = absint(
+			apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EventEspresso_core_domain_services_admin_registrations_DatetimesForEventCheckIn__start_date_offset',
+				HOUR_IN_SECONDS * 2,
+				$this->event
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int $event_id
+	 * @return DatetimesForEventCheckIn
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function fromEventID(int $event_id): DatetimesForEventCheckIn
+	{
+		/** @var EE_Event $event */
+		$event = EEM_Event::instance()->get_one_by_ID($event_id);
+		return new DatetimesForEventCheckIn(EE_Capabilities::instance(), $event);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Event $event
+	 * @return DatetimesForEventCheckIn
+	 */
+	public static function fromEvent(EE_Event $event): DatetimesForEventCheckIn
+	{
+		return new DatetimesForEventCheckIn(EE_Capabilities::instance(), $event);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Registration $registration
+	 * @return DatetimesForEventCheckIn
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function fromRegistration(EE_Registration $registration): DatetimesForEventCheckIn
+	{
+		return new DatetimesForEventCheckIn(EE_Capabilities::instance(), $registration->event());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 */
+	public function event(): EE_Event
+	{
+		return $this->event;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function getAllActiveDatetimesForAllEvents(): array
+	{
+		if ($this->all_events === null) {
+			$where = [
+				'Registration.REG_ID' => ['!=', null]
+			];
+			if (! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
+				$where['status**'] = ['!=', 'private'];
+			}
+			if (! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
+				$where['EVT_wp_user'] = get_current_user_id();
+			}
+			$this->all_events = EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(
+				[
+					$where,
+					'order_by' => ['Datetime.DTT_EVT_start' => 'DESC'],
+				]
+			);
+		}
+		return $this->all_events;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function getAllActiveDatetimesForEvent(bool $active = true): array
+	{
+		$start_date = $active ? time() - $this->start_date_offset : null;
+		return $this->event instanceof EE_Event
+			? $this->event->activeDatetimes($start_date)
+			: [];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int|null $DTD_ID If specific datetime ID is supplied, will return that date, but only if it is active.
+	 *                         If no ID is supplied but event only has one related datetime, then it will be returned.
+	 *                         If the above conditions are not met, then function will return null.
+	 * @param bool $active
+	 * @return EE_Datetime|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function getOneActiveDatetimeForEvent(?int $DTD_ID = 0, bool $active = true): ?EE_Datetime
+	{
+		$key = $active ? 1 : 0;
+		if (! isset($this->datetimes[ $key ]) || $this->datetimes[ $key ] === null) {
+			$this->datetimes[ $key ] = $this->getAllActiveDatetimesForEvent($active);
+		}
+		if ($DTD_ID) {
+			foreach ($this->datetimes[ $key ] as $datetime) {
+				if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->ID() === $DTD_ID) {
+					return $datetime;
+				}
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+		return count($this->datetimes[ $key ]) === 1 ? reset($this->datetimes[ $key ]) : null;
+	}
 }

Spacing +6 added lines, -6 removed lines

@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ 
             $where = [
                 'Registration.REG_ID' => ['!=', null]
             ];
-            if (! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
+            if ( ! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_private_events', 'get_events')) {
                 $where['status**'] = ['!=', 'private'];
             }
-            if (! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
+            if ( ! $this->caps->current_user_can('ee_read_others_events', 'get_events')) {
                 $where['EVT_wp_user'] = get_current_user_id();
             }
             $this->all_events = EEM_Event::instance()->get_all(
@@ -154,17 +154,17 @@ 
     public function getOneActiveDatetimeForEvent(?int $DTD_ID = 0, bool $active = true): ?EE_Datetime
     {
         $key = $active ? 1 : 0;
-        if (! isset($this->datetimes[ $key ]) || $this->datetimes[ $key ] === null) {
-            $this->datetimes[ $key ] = $this->getAllActiveDatetimesForEvent($active);
+        if ( ! isset($this->datetimes[$key]) || $this->datetimes[$key] === null) {
+            $this->datetimes[$key] = $this->getAllActiveDatetimesForEvent($active);
         }
         if ($DTD_ID) {
-            foreach ($this->datetimes[ $key ] as $datetime) {
+            foreach ($this->datetimes[$key] as $datetime) {
                 if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime && $datetime->ID() === $DTD_ID) {
                     return $datetime;
                 }
             }
             return null;
         }
-        return count($this->datetimes[ $key ]) === 1 ? reset($this->datetimes[ $key ]) : null;
+        return count($this->datetimes[$key]) === 1 ? reset($this->datetimes[$key]) : null;
     }
 }

core/services/request/middleware/PreProductionVersionWarning.php

Indentation +79 added lines, -79 removed lines

@@ -18,91 +18,91 @@
  */
 class PreProductionVersionWarning extends Middleware
 {
-    /**
-     * converts a Request to a Response
-     *
-     * @param RequestInterface  $request
-     * @param ResponseInterface $response
-     * @return ResponseInterface
-     */
-    public function handleRequest(RequestInterface $request, ResponseInterface $response)
-    {
-        $this->request = $request;
-        $this->response = $response;
-        $this->displayPreProductionVersionWarning();
-        $this->response = $this->processRequestStack($this->request, $this->response);
-        return $this->response;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * converts a Request to a Response
+	 *
+	 * @param RequestInterface  $request
+	 * @param ResponseInterface $response
+	 * @return ResponseInterface
+	 */
+	public function handleRequest(RequestInterface $request, ResponseInterface $response)
+	{
+		$this->request = $request;
+		$this->response = $response;
+		$this->displayPreProductionVersionWarning();
+		$this->response = $this->processRequestStack($this->request, $this->response);
+		return $this->response;
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * displays message on frontend of site notifying admin that EE has been temporarily placed into maintenance mode
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function displayPreProductionVersionWarning()
-    {
-        // skip AJAX requests
-        if ($this->request->isAjax()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // skip stable releases
-        if (substr(EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, -5) !== '.beta') {
-            return;
-        }
-        // site admin has authorized use of non-stable release candidate for production
-        if (defined('ALLOW_NON_STABLE_RELEASE_ON_LIVE_SITE') && ALLOW_NON_STABLE_RELEASE_ON_LIVE_SITE) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // post release candidate warning
-        if ($this->request->isAdmin()) {
-            add_action('admin_notices', array($this, 'preProductionVersionAdminNotice'), -999);
-        } else {
-            add_action('shutdown', array($this, 'preProductionVersionWarningNotice'), 10);
-        }
-    }
+	/**
+	 * displays message on frontend of site notifying admin that EE has been temporarily placed into maintenance mode
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function displayPreProductionVersionWarning()
+	{
+		// skip AJAX requests
+		if ($this->request->isAjax()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// skip stable releases
+		if (substr(EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION, -5) !== '.beta') {
+			return;
+		}
+		// site admin has authorized use of non-stable release candidate for production
+		if (defined('ALLOW_NON_STABLE_RELEASE_ON_LIVE_SITE') && ALLOW_NON_STABLE_RELEASE_ON_LIVE_SITE) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// post release candidate warning
+		if ($this->request->isAdmin()) {
+			add_action('admin_notices', array($this, 'preProductionVersionAdminNotice'), -999);
+		} else {
+			add_action('shutdown', array($this, 'preProductionVersionWarningNotice'), 10);
+		}
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * displays admin notice that current version of EE is not a stable release
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     */
-    public function preProductionVersionAdminNotice()
-    {
-        new PersistentAdminNotice(
-            'preProductionVersionAdminNotice_' . EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
-            $this->warningNotice()
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * displays admin notice that current version of EE is not a stable release
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 */
+	public function preProductionVersionAdminNotice()
+	{
+		new PersistentAdminNotice(
+			'preProductionVersionAdminNotice_' . EVENT_ESPRESSO_VERSION,
+			$this->warningNotice()
+		);
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * displays message on frontend of site notifying admin that current version of EE is not a stable release
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function preProductionVersionWarningNotice()
-    {
-        echo '<div id="ee-release-candidate-notice-dv" class="ee-really-important-notice-dv"><p>';
-        echo wp_kses($this->warningNotice(), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-        echo '</p></div>';
-    }
+	/**
+	 * displays message on frontend of site notifying admin that current version of EE is not a stable release
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function preProductionVersionWarningNotice()
+	{
+		echo '<div id="ee-release-candidate-notice-dv" class="ee-really-important-notice-dv"><p>';
+		echo wp_kses($this->warningNotice(), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+		echo '</p></div>';
+	}
 
 
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function warningNotice()
-    {
-        return sprintf(
-            esc_html__(
-                'This version of Event Espresso is for testing and/or evaluation purposes only. It is %1$snot%2$s considered a stable release and should therefore %1$snot%2$s be activated on a live or production website.',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            '<strong>',
-            '</strong>'
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function warningNotice()
+	{
+		return sprintf(
+			esc_html__(
+				'This version of Event Espresso is for testing and/or evaluation purposes only. It is %1$snot%2$s considered a stable release and should therefore %1$snot%2$s be activated on a live or production website.',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			'<strong>',
+			'</strong>'
+		);
+	}
 }

core/services/notices/AdminNotice.php

Indentation +111 added lines, -111 removed lines

@@ -14,115 +14,115 @@
  */
 class AdminNotice
 {
-    const ERROR = 'notice-error';
-
-    const WARNING = 'notice-warning';
-
-    const SUCCESS = 'notice-success';
-
-    const INFORMATION = 'notice-info';
-
-    const DISMISSABLE = ' is-dismissible';
-
-    /**
-     * generic system notice to be converted into a WP admin notice
-     *
-     * @var NoticeInterface $notice
-     */
-    private $notice;
-
-
-    /**
-     * AdminNotice constructor.
-     *
-     * @param NoticeInterface $notice
-     * @param bool            $display_now
-     */
-    public function __construct(NoticeInterface $notice, $display_now = true)
-    {
-        $this->notice = $notice;
-        if (! did_action('admin_notices')) {
-            add_action('admin_notices', array($this, 'displayNotice'));
-        } elseif ($display_now) {
-            $this->displayNotice();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function displayNotice()
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->getNotice(), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * produces something  like:
-     *  <div class="notice notice-success is-dismissible event-espresso-admin-notice">
-     *      <p>YOU DID IT!</p>
-     *      <button type="button" class="notice-dismiss"><span class="screen-reader-text">Dismiss this
-     *      notice.</span></button>
-     *  </div>
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function getNotice()
-    {
-        return sprintf(
-            '<div class="notice %1$s%2$s event-espresso-admin-notice"><p>%3$s</p></div>',
-            $this->getType(),
-            $this->notice->isDismissible() ? AdminNotice::DISMISSABLE : '',
-            $this->getMessage()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function getType()
-    {
-        switch ($this->notice->type()) {
-            case Notice::ERROR:
-                return AdminNotice::ERROR;
-            case Notice::ATTENTION:
-                return AdminNotice::WARNING;
-            case Notice::SUCCESS:
-                return AdminNotice::SUCCESS;
-            case Notice::INFORMATION:
-            default:
-                return AdminNotice::INFORMATION;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function getMessage()
-    {
-        $message = $this->notice->message();
-        if (WP_DEBUG && $this->getType() === AdminNotice::ERROR) {
-            $message .= '<br/><span class="tiny-text">' . $this->generateErrorCode() . '</span>';
-        }
-        return $message;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * create error code from filepath, function name,
-     * and line number where notice was generated
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function generateErrorCode()
-    {
-        $file = explode('.', basename($this->notice->file()));
-        $error_code = ! empty($file[0]) ? $file[0] : '';
-        $error_code .= ! empty($error_code) ? ' - ' . $this->notice->func() : $this->notice->func();
-        $error_code .= ' - ' . $this->notice->line();
-        return $error_code;
-    }
+	const ERROR = 'notice-error';
+
+	const WARNING = 'notice-warning';
+
+	const SUCCESS = 'notice-success';
+
+	const INFORMATION = 'notice-info';
+
+	const DISMISSABLE = ' is-dismissible';
+
+	/**
+	 * generic system notice to be converted into a WP admin notice
+	 *
+	 * @var NoticeInterface $notice
+	 */
+	private $notice;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * AdminNotice constructor.
+	 *
+	 * @param NoticeInterface $notice
+	 * @param bool            $display_now
+	 */
+	public function __construct(NoticeInterface $notice, $display_now = true)
+	{
+		$this->notice = $notice;
+		if (! did_action('admin_notices')) {
+			add_action('admin_notices', array($this, 'displayNotice'));
+		} elseif ($display_now) {
+			$this->displayNotice();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function displayNotice()
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->getNotice(), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * produces something  like:
+	 *  <div class="notice notice-success is-dismissible event-espresso-admin-notice">
+	 *      <p>YOU DID IT!</p>
+	 *      <button type="button" class="notice-dismiss"><span class="screen-reader-text">Dismiss this
+	 *      notice.</span></button>
+	 *  </div>
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function getNotice()
+	{
+		return sprintf(
+			'<div class="notice %1$s%2$s event-espresso-admin-notice"><p>%3$s</p></div>',
+			$this->getType(),
+			$this->notice->isDismissible() ? AdminNotice::DISMISSABLE : '',
+			$this->getMessage()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function getType()
+	{
+		switch ($this->notice->type()) {
+			case Notice::ERROR:
+				return AdminNotice::ERROR;
+			case Notice::ATTENTION:
+				return AdminNotice::WARNING;
+			case Notice::SUCCESS:
+				return AdminNotice::SUCCESS;
+			case Notice::INFORMATION:
+			default:
+				return AdminNotice::INFORMATION;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function getMessage()
+	{
+		$message = $this->notice->message();
+		if (WP_DEBUG && $this->getType() === AdminNotice::ERROR) {
+			$message .= '<br/><span class="tiny-text">' . $this->generateErrorCode() . '</span>';
+		}
+		return $message;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * create error code from filepath, function name,
+	 * and line number where notice was generated
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function generateErrorCode()
+	{
+		$file = explode('.', basename($this->notice->file()));
+		$error_code = ! empty($file[0]) ? $file[0] : '';
+		$error_code .= ! empty($error_code) ? ' - ' . $this->notice->func() : $this->notice->func();
+		$error_code .= ' - ' . $this->notice->line();
+		return $error_code;
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Attendee.class.php

Indentation +768 added lines, -768 removed lines

@@ -24,772 +24,772 @@
  */
 class EE_Attendee extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Contact, EEI_Address, EEI_Admin_Links, EEI_Attendee
 {
-    /**
-     * Sets some dynamic defaults
-     *
-     * @param array  $fieldValues
-     * @param bool   $bydb
-     * @param string $timezone
-     * @param array  $date_formats
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
-            $fname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_fname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] . ' ' : '';
-            $lname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_lname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] : '';
-            $fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = $fname . $lname;
-        }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
-            // $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
-            $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
-        }
-        if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
-            $fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
-        }
-        parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Attendee
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee First Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param string $fname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_fname($fname = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_fname', $fname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Last Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param string $lname
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_lname($lname = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_lname', $lname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Address
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param string $address
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_address($address = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_address', $address);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Address2
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $address2
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_address2($address2 = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_address2', $address2);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee City
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $city
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_city($city = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_city', $city);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee State ID
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        int $STA_ID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_state($STA_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('STA_ID', $STA_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Country ISO Code
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $CNT_ISO
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_country($CNT_ISO = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('CNT_ISO', $CNT_ISO);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Zip/Postal Code
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $zip
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_zip($zip = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_zip', $zip);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Email Address
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $email
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_email($email = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_email', $email);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Set Attendee Phone
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        string $phone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_phone($phone = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_phone', $phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        set deleted
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @param        bool $ATT_deleted
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_deleted($ATT_deleted = false)
-    {
-        $this->set('ATT_deleted', $ATT_deleted);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the value for the post_author id saved with the cpt
-     *
-     * @since 4.5.0
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_author');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee First Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function fname()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_fname');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes out the attendee's first name
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_full_name()
-    {
-        echo esc_html($this->full_name());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the first and last name concatenated together with a space.
-     *
-     * @param bool $apply_html_entities
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
-    {
-        $full_name = array(
-            $this->fname(),
-            $this->lname(),
-        );
-        $full_name = array_filter($full_name);
-        $full_name = implode(' ', $full_name);
-        return $apply_html_entities ? htmlentities($full_name, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') : $full_name;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value of the `ATT_full_name` field which is usually equivalent to calling `full_name()` unless
-     * the post_title field has been directly modified in the db for the post (espresso_attendees post type) for this
-     * attendee.
-     *
-     * @param bool $apply_html_entities
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ATT_full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
-    {
-        return $apply_html_entities
-            ? htmlentities($this->get('ATT_full_name'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
-            : $this->get('ATT_full_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Last Name
-     *
-     * @access        public
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function lname()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_lname');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Attendee bio
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function bio()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_bio');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Attendee short bio
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function short_bio()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_short_bio');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the attendee's full address as an array so client code can decide hwo to display it
-     *
-     * @return array numerically indexed, with each part of the address that is known.
-     * Eg, if the user only responded to state and country,
-     * it would be array(0=>'Alabama',1=>'USA')
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function full_address_as_array()
-    {
-        $full_address_array = array();
-        $initial_address_fields = array('ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',);
-        foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
-            $address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
-            if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
-                $full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
-            }
-        }
-        // now handle state and country
-        $state_obj = $this->state_obj();
-        if ($state_obj instanceof EE_State) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $state_obj->name();
-        }
-        $country_obj = $this->country_obj();
-        if ($country_obj instanceof EE_Country) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $country_obj->name();
-        }
-        // lastly get the xip
-        $zip_value = $this->zip();
-        if (! empty($zip_value)) {
-            $full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
-        }
-        return $full_address_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Address
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function address()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_address');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Address2
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function address2()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_address2');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee City
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function city()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_city');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee State ID
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STA_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_abbrev()
-    {
-        return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev() : '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the state set to this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_State
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('State');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the state's name, otherwise 'Unknown'
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state_name()
-    {
-        if ($this->state_obj()) {
-            return $this->state_obj()->name();
-        } else {
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function state()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())) {
-            return $this->state_abbrev();
-        }
-        return $this->state_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get Attendee Country ISO Code
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('CNT_ISO');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets country set for this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_Country
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Country');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the country's name if known, otherwise 'Unknown'
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country_name()
-    {
-        if ($this->country_obj()) {
-            return $this->country_obj()->name();
-        }
-        return '';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
-     * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
-     * defaults to abbreviation
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function country()
-    {
-        if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())) {
-            return $this->country_ID();
-        }
-        return $this->country_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Zip/Postal Code
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function zip()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_zip');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Email Address
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function email()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_email');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        get Attendee Phone #
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function phone()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    get deleted
-     *
-     * @return        bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function deleted()
-    {
-        return $this->get('ATT_deleted');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets registrations of this attendee
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Registration[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_registrations($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recent registration of this attendee
-     *
-     * @return EE_Registration
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_most_recent_registration()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related(
-            'Registration',
-            array('order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
-        ); // null, 'REG_date', 'DESC', '=', 'OBJECT_K');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the most recent registration for this attend at this event
-     *
-     * @param int $event_id
-     * @return EE_Registration
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_most_recent_registration_for_event($event_id)
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related(
-            'Registration',
-            array(array('EVT_ID' => $event_id), 'order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns any events attached to this attendee ($_Event property);
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function events()
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Event');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the billing info array where keys match espresso_reg_page_billing_inputs(),
-     * and keys are their cleaned values. @see EE_Attendee::save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method() which was
-     * used to save the billing info
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method the _gateway_name property on the gateway class
-     * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function billing_info_for_payment_method($payment_method)
-    {
-        $pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
-        if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
-        if (! $billing_info) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        $billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
-        // double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
-        $form_totally_hidden = true;
-        foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
-            if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
-                $form_totally_hidden = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($form_totally_hidden) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
-            $billing_form->receive_form_submission(array($billing_form->name() => $billing_info), false);
-        }
-
-        return $billing_form;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the postmeta key that holds this attendee's billing info for the
-     * specified payment method
-     *
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method)
-    {
-        if ($payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
-            return 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves the billing info to the attendee. @see EE_Attendee::billing_info_for_payment_method() which is used to
-     * retrieve it
-     *
-     * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form
-     * @param EE_Payment_Method             $payment_method
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method($billing_form, $payment_method)
-    {
-        if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'));
-            return false;
-        }
-        $billing_form->clean_sensitive_data();
-        return update_post_meta(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method),
-            $billing_form->input_values(true)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Return the link to the admin details for the object.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_details_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to the editor for the object.  Sometimes this is the same as the details.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_edit_link()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
-                'action' => 'edit_attendee',
-                'post'   => $this->ID(),
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to a settings page for the object.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_settings_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the link to the "overview" for the object (typically the "list table" view).
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function get_admin_overview_link()
-    {
-        EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
-                'action' => 'contact_list',
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
+	/**
+	 * Sets some dynamic defaults
+	 *
+	 * @param array  $fieldValues
+	 * @param bool   $bydb
+	 * @param string $timezone
+	 * @param array  $date_formats
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = null, $bydb = false, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_full_name'])) {
+			$fname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_fname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_fname'] . ' ' : '';
+			$lname = isset($fieldValues['ATT_lname']) ? $fieldValues['ATT_lname'] : '';
+			$fieldValues['ATT_full_name'] = $fname . $lname;
+		}
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_slug'])) {
+			// $fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_key(wp_generate_password(20));
+			$fieldValues['ATT_slug'] = sanitize_title($fieldValues['ATT_full_name']);
+		}
+		if (! isset($fieldValues['ATT_short_bio']) && isset($fieldValues['ATT_bio'])) {
+			$fieldValues['ATT_short_bio'] = substr($fieldValues['ATT_bio'], 0, 50);
+		}
+		parent::__construct($fieldValues, $bydb, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Attendee
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee First Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param string $fname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_fname($fname = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_fname', $fname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Last Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param string $lname
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_lname($lname = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_lname', $lname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Address
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param string $address
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_address($address = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_address', $address);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Address2
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $address2
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_address2($address2 = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_address2', $address2);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee City
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $city
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_city($city = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_city', $city);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee State ID
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        int $STA_ID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_state($STA_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('STA_ID', $STA_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Country ISO Code
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $CNT_ISO
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_country($CNT_ISO = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('CNT_ISO', $CNT_ISO);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Zip/Postal Code
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $zip
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_zip($zip = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_zip', $zip);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Email Address
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $email
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_email($email = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_email', $email);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Set Attendee Phone
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        string $phone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_phone($phone = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_phone', $phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        set deleted
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @param        bool $ATT_deleted
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_deleted($ATT_deleted = false)
+	{
+		$this->set('ATT_deleted', $ATT_deleted);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the value for the post_author id saved with the cpt
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.5.0
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_author');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee First Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function fname()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_fname');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes out the attendee's first name
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_full_name()
+	{
+		echo esc_html($this->full_name());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the first and last name concatenated together with a space.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $apply_html_entities
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
+	{
+		$full_name = array(
+			$this->fname(),
+			$this->lname(),
+		);
+		$full_name = array_filter($full_name);
+		$full_name = implode(' ', $full_name);
+		return $apply_html_entities ? htmlentities($full_name, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') : $full_name;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value of the `ATT_full_name` field which is usually equivalent to calling `full_name()` unless
+	 * the post_title field has been directly modified in the db for the post (espresso_attendees post type) for this
+	 * attendee.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $apply_html_entities
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ATT_full_name($apply_html_entities = false)
+	{
+		return $apply_html_entities
+			? htmlentities($this->get('ATT_full_name'), ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8')
+			: $this->get('ATT_full_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Last Name
+	 *
+	 * @access        public
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function lname()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_lname');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Attendee bio
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function bio()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_bio');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Attendee short bio
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function short_bio()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_short_bio');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the attendee's full address as an array so client code can decide hwo to display it
+	 *
+	 * @return array numerically indexed, with each part of the address that is known.
+	 * Eg, if the user only responded to state and country,
+	 * it would be array(0=>'Alabama',1=>'USA')
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function full_address_as_array()
+	{
+		$full_address_array = array();
+		$initial_address_fields = array('ATT_address', 'ATT_address2', 'ATT_city',);
+		foreach ($initial_address_fields as $address_field_name) {
+			$address_fields_value = $this->get($address_field_name);
+			if (! empty($address_fields_value)) {
+				$full_address_array[] = $address_fields_value;
+			}
+		}
+		// now handle state and country
+		$state_obj = $this->state_obj();
+		if ($state_obj instanceof EE_State) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $state_obj->name();
+		}
+		$country_obj = $this->country_obj();
+		if ($country_obj instanceof EE_Country) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $country_obj->name();
+		}
+		// lastly get the xip
+		$zip_value = $this->zip();
+		if (! empty($zip_value)) {
+			$full_address_array[] = $zip_value;
+		}
+		return $full_address_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Address
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function address()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_address');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Address2
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function address2()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_address2');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee City
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function city()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_city');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee State ID
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STA_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_abbrev()
+	{
+		return $this->state_obj() instanceof EE_State ? $this->state_obj()->abbrev() : '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the state set to this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_State
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('State');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the state's name, otherwise 'Unknown'
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state_name()
+	{
+		if ($this->state_obj()) {
+			return $this->state_obj()->name();
+		} else {
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the state abbreviation or the state name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function state()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__state__use_abbreviation', true, $this->state_obj())) {
+			return $this->state_abbrev();
+		}
+		return $this->state_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get Attendee Country ISO Code
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('CNT_ISO');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets country set for this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Country
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Country');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the country's name if known, otherwise 'Unknown'
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country_name()
+	{
+		if ($this->country_obj()) {
+			return $this->country_obj()->name();
+		}
+		return '';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * either displays the country ISO2 code or the country name, as determined
+	 * by the "FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation" filter.
+	 * defaults to abbreviation
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function country()
+	{
+		if (apply_filters('FHEE__EEI_Address__country__use_abbreviation', true, $this->country_obj())) {
+			return $this->country_ID();
+		}
+		return $this->country_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Zip/Postal Code
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function zip()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_zip');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Email Address
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function email()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_email');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        get Attendee Phone #
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function phone()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    get deleted
+	 *
+	 * @return        bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function deleted()
+	{
+		return $this->get('ATT_deleted');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets registrations of this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Registration[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_registrations($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recent registration of this attendee
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Registration
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_most_recent_registration()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related(
+			'Registration',
+			array('order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
+		); // null, 'REG_date', 'DESC', '=', 'OBJECT_K');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the most recent registration for this attend at this event
+	 *
+	 * @param int $event_id
+	 * @return EE_Registration
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_most_recent_registration_for_event($event_id)
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related(
+			'Registration',
+			array(array('EVT_ID' => $event_id), 'order_by' => array('REG_date' => 'DESC'))
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns any events attached to this attendee ($_Event property);
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function events()
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Event');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the billing info array where keys match espresso_reg_page_billing_inputs(),
+	 * and keys are their cleaned values. @see EE_Attendee::save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method() which was
+	 * used to save the billing info
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method the _gateway_name property on the gateway class
+	 * @return EE_Form_Section_Proper|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function billing_info_for_payment_method($payment_method)
+	{
+		$pm_type = $payment_method->type_obj();
+		if (! $pm_type instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$billing_info = $this->get_post_meta($this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method), true);
+		if (! $billing_info) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		$billing_form = $pm_type->billing_form();
+		// double-check the form isn't totally hidden, in which case pretend there is no form
+		$form_totally_hidden = true;
+		foreach ($billing_form->inputs_in_subsections() as $input) {
+			if (! $input->get_display_strategy() instanceof EE_Hidden_Display_Strategy) {
+				$form_totally_hidden = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if ($form_totally_hidden) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		if ($billing_form instanceof EE_Form_Section_Proper) {
+			$billing_form->receive_form_submission(array($billing_form->name() => $billing_info), false);
+		}
+
+		return $billing_form;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the postmeta key that holds this attendee's billing info for the
+	 * specified payment method
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method $payment_method
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method)
+	{
+		if ($payment_method->type_obj() instanceof EE_PMT_Base) {
+			return 'billing_info_' . $payment_method->type_obj()->system_name();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves the billing info to the attendee. @see EE_Attendee::billing_info_for_payment_method() which is used to
+	 * retrieve it
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form $billing_form
+	 * @param EE_Payment_Method             $payment_method
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_and_clean_billing_info_for_payment_method($billing_form, $payment_method)
+	{
+		if (! $billing_form instanceof EE_Billing_Attendee_Info_Form) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(esc_html__('Cannot save billing info because there is none.', 'event_espresso'));
+			return false;
+		}
+		$billing_form->clean_sensitive_data();
+		return update_post_meta(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$this->get_billing_info_postmeta_name($payment_method),
+			$billing_form->input_values(true)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Return the link to the admin details for the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_details_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to the editor for the object.  Sometimes this is the same as the details.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_edit_link()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
+				'action' => 'edit_attendee',
+				'post'   => $this->ID(),
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to a settings page for the object.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_settings_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the link to the "overview" for the object (typically the "list table" view).
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_overview_link()
+	{
+		EE_Registry::instance()->load_helper('URL');
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_registrations',
+				'action' => 'contact_list',
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Base_Class.class.php

Indentation +3368 added lines, -3368 removed lines

@@ -13,3384 +13,3384 @@
  */
 abstract class EE_Base_Class
 {
-    /**
-     * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
-     * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
-     * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
-     * which values to override and which to not override.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
-
-    /**
-     * Timezone
-     * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
-     * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
-     * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
-     * access to it.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_timezone;
-
-    /**
-     * date format
-     * pattern or format for displaying dates
-     *
-     * @var string $_dt_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_dt_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * time format
-     * pattern or format for displaying time
-     *
-     * @var string $_tm_frmt
-     */
-    protected $_tm_frmt;
-
-    /**
-     * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
-     * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
-     * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
-     * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_cached_properties = array();
-
-    /**
-     * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
-     * single
-     * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
-     * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
-     * all others have an array)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_model_relations = array();
-
-    /**
-     * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
-     * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $_fields = array();
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
-     * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
-     * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
-     * it would be a bug.
-     */
-    protected $_allow_persist = true;
-
-    /**
-     * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
-     */
-    protected $_has_changes = false;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected $_model;
-
-    /**
-     * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
-     * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
-     * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
-     * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
-     * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
-     * array as:
-     * array(
-     *  'Registration_Count' => 24
-     * );
-     * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
-     * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
-     * info)
-     *
-     * @var array
-     */
-    protected $custom_selection_results = array();
-
-
-    /**
-     * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
-     * play nice
-     *
-     * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
-     *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
-     *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
-     * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
-     *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
-     * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
-     *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
-     * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
-     *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
-     *                                                         format.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
-        // ensure $fieldValues is an array
-        $fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
-        // verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
-        foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
-            if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $field_name,
-                        get_class($this),
-                        implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-            [$this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt] = $date_formats;
-        } else {
-            // set default formats for date and time
-            $this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
-            $this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
-        }
-        // if db model is instantiating
-        if ($bydb) {
-            // client code has indicated these field values are from the database
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set_from_db(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
-                );
-            }
-        } else {
-            // we're constructing a brand
-            // new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
-            foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
-                $this->set(
-                    $fieldName,
-                    isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
-                    true
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // remember what values were passed to this constructor
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
-        // remember in entity mapper
-        if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
-            $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-        }
-        // setup all the relations
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
-            } else {
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
-            }
-        }
-        /**
-         * Action done at the end of each model object construction
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function allow_persist()
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
-     * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
-     * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
-     *
-     * @param boolean $allow_persist
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
-    {
-        return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
-     * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return mixed|null
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_original($field_name)
-    {
-        if (
-            isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
-            && $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
-        ) {
-            return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_class($obj)
-    {
-        return get_class($obj);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param    string $field_name
-     * @param    mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool      $use_default
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
-        // then don't do anything
-        if (
-            ! $use_default
-            && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
-            && $this->ID()
-        ) {
-            return;
-        }
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $this->_has_changes = true;
-        $field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                $field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-                $field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-            }
-            $holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
-            // should the value be null?
-            if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                /**
-                 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
-                 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
-                 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
-                 * object.
-                 *
-                 * @since 4.6.10+
-                 */
-                if (
-                    $field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
-                    && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
-                    && ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-                ) {
-                    empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
-                        ? $this->set($field_name, time())
-                        : $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-                }
-            } else {
-                $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
-            }
-            // if we're not in the constructor...
-            // now check if what we set was a primary key
-            if (
+	/**
+	 * This is an array of the original properties and values provided during construction
+	 * of this model object. (keys are model field names, values are their values).
+	 * This list is important to remember so that when we are merging data from the db, we know
+	 * which values to override and which to not override.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Timezone
+	 * This gets set by the "set_timezone()" method so that we know what timezone incoming strings|timestamps are in.
+	 * This can also be used before a get to set what timezone you want strings coming out of the object to be in.  NOT
+	 * all EE_Base_Class child classes use this property but any that use a EE_Datetime_Field data type will have
+	 * access to it.
+	 *
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_timezone;
+
+	/**
+	 * date format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying dates
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_dt_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_dt_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * time format
+	 * pattern or format for displaying time
+	 *
+	 * @var string $_tm_frmt
+	 */
+	protected $_tm_frmt;
+
+	/**
+	 * This property is for holding a cached array of object properties indexed by property name as the key.
+	 * The purpose of this is for setting a cache on properties that may have calculated values after a
+	 * prepare_for_get.  That way the cache can be checked first and the calculated property returned instead of having
+	 * to recalculate. Used by _set_cached_property() and _get_cached_property() methods.
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_cached_properties = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * An array containing keys of the related model, and values are either an array of related mode objects or a
+	 * single
+	 * related model object. see the model's _model_relations. The keys should match those specified. And if the
+	 * relation is of type EE_Belongs_To (or one of its children), then there should only be ONE related model object,
+	 * all others have an array)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_model_relations = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * Array where keys are field names (see the model's _fields property) and values are their values. To see what
+	 * their types should be, look at what that field object returns on its prepare_for_get and prepare_for_set methods)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $_fields = array();
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object is intended to ever be saved
+	 * For example, we might create model objects intended to only be used for the duration
+	 * of this request and to be thrown away, and if they were accidentally saved
+	 * it would be a bug.
+	 */
+	protected $_allow_persist = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var boolean indicating whether or not this model object's properties have changed since construction
+	 */
+	protected $_has_changes = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected $_model;
+
+	/**
+	 * This is a cache of results from custom selections done on a query that constructs this entity. The only purpose
+	 * for these values is for retrieval of the results, they are not further queryable and they are not persisted to
+	 * the db.  They also do not automatically update if there are any changes to the data that produced their results.
+	 * The format is a simple array of field_alias => field_value.  So for instance if a custom select was something
+	 * like,  "Select COUNT(Registration.REG_ID) as Registration_Count ...", then the resulting value will be in this
+	 * array as:
+	 * array(
+	 *  'Registration_Count' => 24
+	 * );
+	 * Note: if the custom select configuration for the query included a data type, the value will be in the data type
+	 * provided for the query (@see EventEspresso\core\domain\values\model\CustomSelects::__construct phpdocs for more
+	 * info)
+	 *
+	 * @var array
+	 */
+	protected $custom_selection_results = array();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * basic constructor for Event Espresso classes, performs any necessary initialization, and verifies it's children
+	 * play nice
+	 *
+	 * @param array   $fieldValues                             where each key is a field (ie, array key in the 2nd
+	 *                                                         layer of the model's _fields array, (eg, EVT_ID,
+	 *                                                         TXN_amount, QST_name, etc) and values are their values
+	 * @param boolean $bydb                                    a flag for setting if the class is instantiated by the
+	 *                                                         corresponding db model or not.
+	 * @param string  $timezone                                indicate what timezone you want any datetime fields to
+	 *                                                         be in when instantiating a EE_Base_Class object.
+	 * @param array   $date_formats                            An array of date formats to set on construct where first
+	 *                                                         value is the date_format and second value is the time
+	 *                                                         format.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function __construct($fieldValues = array(), $bydb = false, $timezone = '', $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		do_action("AHEE__{$className}__construct", $this, $fieldValues);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model_fields = $model->field_settings(false);
+		// ensure $fieldValues is an array
+		$fieldValues = is_array($fieldValues) ? $fieldValues : array($fieldValues);
+		// verify client code has not passed any invalid field names
+		foreach ($fieldValues as $field_name => $field_value) {
+			if (! isset($model_fields[ $field_name ])) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Invalid field (%s) passed to constructor of %s. Allowed fields are :%s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$field_name,
+						get_class($this),
+						implode(', ', array_keys($model_fields))
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+			[$this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt] = $date_formats;
+		} else {
+			// set default formats for date and time
+			$this->_dt_frmt = (string) get_option('date_format', 'Y-m-d');
+			$this->_tm_frmt = (string) get_option('time_format', 'g:i a');
+		}
+		// if db model is instantiating
+		if ($bydb) {
+			// client code has indicated these field values are from the database
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set_from_db(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null
+				);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// we're constructing a brand
+			// new instance of the model object. Generally, this means we'll need to do more field validation
+			foreach ($model_fields as $fieldName => $field) {
+				$this->set(
+					$fieldName,
+					isset($fieldValues[ $fieldName ]) ? $fieldValues[ $fieldName ] : null,
+					true
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// remember what values were passed to this constructor
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $fieldValues;
+		// remember in entity mapper
+		if (! $bydb && $model->has_primary_key_field() && $this->ID()) {
+			$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+		}
+		// setup all the relations
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = null;
+			} else {
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ] = array();
+			}
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Action done at the end of each model object construction
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $this the model object just created
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__construct__finished', $this);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets whether or not this model object is allowed to persist/be saved to the database.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function allow_persist()
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether or not this model object should be allowed to be saved to the DB.
+	 * Normally once this is set to FALSE you wouldn't set it back to TRUE, unless
+	 * you got new information that somehow made you change your mind.
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $allow_persist
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function set_allow_persist($allow_persist)
+	{
+		return $this->_allow_persist = $allow_persist;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the field's original value when this object was constructed during this request.
+	 * This can be helpful when determining if a model object has changed or not
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return mixed|null
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_original($field_name)
+	{
+		if (
+			isset($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ])
+			&& $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name)
+		) {
+			return $field_settings->prepare_for_get($this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor[ $field_name ]);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $obj
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_class($obj)
+	{
+		return get_class($obj);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param    string $field_name
+	 * @param    mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool      $use_default
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if not using default and nothing has changed, and object has already been setup (has ID),
+		// then don't do anything
+		if (
+			! $use_default
+			&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] === $field_value
+			&& $this->ID()
+		) {
+			return;
+		}
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$this->_has_changes = true;
+		$field_obj = $model->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// if ( method_exists( $field_obj, 'set_timezone' )) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				$field_obj->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+				$field_obj->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+			}
+			$holder_of_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set($field_value);
+			// should the value be null?
+			if (($field_value === null || $holder_of_value === null || $holder_of_value === '') && $use_default) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				/**
+				 * To save having to refactor all the models, if a default value is used for a
+				 * EE_Datetime_Field, and that value is not null nor is it a DateTime
+				 * object.  Then let's do a set again to ensure that it becomes a DateTime
+				 * object.
+				 *
+				 * @since 4.6.10+
+				 */
+				if (
+					$field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field
+					&& $this->_fields[ $field_name ] !== null
+					&& ! $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+				) {
+					empty($this->_fields[ $field_name ])
+						? $this->set($field_name, time())
+						: $this->set($field_name, $this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+				}
+			} else {
+				$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $holder_of_value;
+			}
+			// if we're not in the constructor...
+			// now check if what we set was a primary key
+			if (
 // note: props_n_values_provided_in_constructor is only set at the END of the constructor
-                $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-                && $field_value
-                && $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
-            ) {
-                // if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
-                // what we've explicitly set on this model
-                // or what we have in the db
-                // echo "setting primary key!";
-                $fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
-                $obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
-                foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
-                    if (
-                        ! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
-                        && $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
-                    ) {
-                        $this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
-                    }
-                }
-                // oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
-                $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-            }
-            // let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        } else {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                )
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set custom select values for model.
-     *
-     * @param array $custom_select_values
-     */
-    public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
-    {
-        $this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
-     * If not set, returns null.
-     *
-     * @param string $alias
-     * @return string|int|float|null
-     */
-    public function getCustomSelect($alias)
-    {
-        return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
-            ? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
-     * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
-     *
-     * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
-     * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
-     * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
-     * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $this->set($field_name, $field_value);
-            return true;
-        }
-        // ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
-        $this->save();
-        return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
-     * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
-     * Example Usage:
-     * Via EE_Message child class:
-     * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
-     * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
-     * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
-     * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
-     * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
-     * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
-    {
-        if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
-            $column_value = $this->get($field_name);
-        } else {
-            // This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
-            $column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
-        }
-        return $column_value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
-     * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
-     * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
-     * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
-    {
-        $this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
-        // make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-        // make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
-        $model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
-            if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-                $field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-                if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
-                    EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return string timezone string
-     */
-    public function get_timezone()
-    {
-        return $this->_timezone;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
-     * internally instead of wp set date format options
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_date_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
-     * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
-     *
-     * @since 4.6
-     * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
-     */
-    public function set_time_format($format)
-    {
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $format;
-        // clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
-        $this->_clear_cached_properties();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
-     *
-     * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
-     *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
-     * @return mixed string|array
-     */
-    public function get_format($full = true)
-    {
-        return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * cache
-     * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
-     * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
-     *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
-     *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
-     * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
-     *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
-     *                                       related thing, no array)
-     */
-    public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
-    {
-        // its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
-        if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
-        if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        // how many things are related ?
-        if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            // if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
-            // eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
-            // so for these model objects just set it to be cached
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
-            $return = true;
-        } else {
-            // otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
-            // so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
-            // eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
-            // so we cache the registrations in an array
-            if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
-                // if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
-                // then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-                                                           instanceof
-                                                           EE_Base_Class
-                    ? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
-            }
-            // first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
-            if (! empty($cache_id)) {
-                // if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
-                // with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $cache_id;
-            } elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
-                // OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
-                $return = $object_to_cache->ID();
-            } else {
-                // OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
-                // move the internal pointer to the end of the array
-                end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-                // and grab the key so that we can return it
-                $return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
-            }
-        }
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
-     * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
-     * @param string|null $cache_type
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
-    {
-        // first make sure this property exists
-        $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
-        $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
-     * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
-     *                                 to define how to output the property.
-     *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
-     * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        // verify the field exists
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        $cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
-        $cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
-            return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
-        }
-        $value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        $this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
-     *
-     * @param string $fieldname
-     * @param bool   $pretty
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
-        // If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            $this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
-        }
-        if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
-            $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
-        }
-        $value = $pretty
-            ? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
-            : $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
-        return $value;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
-     *
-     * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
-     * @param bool               $pretty
-     * @param null               $date_or_time
-     * @return void
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
-        EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
-        $pretty = false,
-        $date_or_time = null
-    ) {
-        $datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
-        $datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
-        // set the output returned
-        switch ($date_or_time) {
-            case 'D':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
-                break;
-            case 'T':
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
-                break;
-            default:
-                $datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_properties()
-    {
-        $this->_cached_properties = array();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
-     *
-     * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
-     * @return void
-     */
-    protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
-    {
-        if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
-            unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
-     * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
-    {
-        $other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
-     * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
-     * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
-     * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
-     *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
-     * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
-     *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
-     *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
-     * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
-     *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
-     *                                                     relation from all
-     */
-    public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
-    {
-        $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-        $index_in_cache = '';
-        if (! $relationship_to_model) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $relationName,
-                    get_class($this)
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        if ($clear_all) {
-            $obj_removed = true;
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-            $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-            $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
-        } else {
-            if (
-                $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                && $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-            ) {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
-                if (
-                    is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                    && ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
-                ) {
-                    $index_found_at = null;
-                    // find this object in the array even though it has a different key
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
-                        /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                        if (
-                            $obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
-                            && (
-                                $obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
-                                || $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
-                            )
-                        ) {
-                            $index_found_at = $index;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if ($index_found_at) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
-                    } else {
-                        // it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
-                        // if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
-                        return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-                    }
-                }
-            } elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
-                    /** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
-                    if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
-                        $index_in_cache = $index;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                $index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
-            }
-            // supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
-            // provided a bad index/object
-            if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
-                $obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
-            } else {
-                // that thing was never cached anyways.
-                $obj_removed = null;
-            }
-        }
-        return $obj_removed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * update_cache_after_object_save
-     * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
-     * obtained after being saved to the db
-     *
-     * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
-     * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
-     * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
-     * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function update_cache_after_object_save(
-        $relationName,
-        EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
-        $current_cache_id = ''
-    ) {
-        // verify that incoming object is of the correct type
-        $obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
-        if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
-            /* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
-            // now get the type of relation
-            $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
-            // if this is a 1:1 relationship
-            if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                // then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-                // or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
-            }
-            if (
-                is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-                && isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
-            ) {
-                // then remove the current cached item
-                unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
-                // and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
-                $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     */
-    public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
-            ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
-            : null;
-        if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
-            return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
-        }
-        return $cached_array_or_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
-     * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
-     */
-    public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
-    {
-        $objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
-        // if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
-        $objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
-        // bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
-        // basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
-        // already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
-        // otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
-        // EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
-        foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
-            if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                // ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
-                if ($model_object->ID()) {
-                    $model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $relationName,
-                        gettype($model_object)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous_x(
-        $field_to_order_by = null,
-        $limit = 1,
-        $query_params = array(),
-        $columns_to_select = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
-     * matching the given query conditions.
-     *
-     * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
-     * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
-     * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
-     *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
-     * @return array|EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
-            ? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
-            : $field_to_order_by;
-        $current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
-        if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
-     * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
-    {
-        $field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
-            // you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
-            // eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
-            // entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
-            // are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
-            if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
-                if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
-                    // if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
-                    $field_value = null;
-                } else {
-                    $field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
-                }
-            } else {
-                $field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
-            }
-            $this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
-            $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
-     * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
-     */
-    public function get_raw($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
-            : $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
-     * EE_Datetime_Field.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
-     * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
-     * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
-     *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
-     *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
-     *                                         this field is nullable).
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
-    {
-        $field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            EE_Error::add_error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $field_name
-                ),
-                __FILE__,
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                __LINE__
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
-            ? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
-            : null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
-     * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
-     * can be easily used as the value of form input.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function f($field_name)
-    {
-        $this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_f($field_name)
-    {
-        return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
-     * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
-     * to see what options are available.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
-     * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
-     * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
-     *
-     * @access   protected
-     * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
-     * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
-     *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
-     *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
-     * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
-     * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
-     * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
-     * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
-     *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
-    {
-        // clear cached property
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
-        // reset format properties because they are used in get()
-        $this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
-        $this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
-        if ($echo) {
-            $this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @return string            datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
-     * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param        $field_name
-     * @param string $format
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
-     * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
-     * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
-     * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
-     * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
-     * @return string             datetime value formatted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
-     * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
-     *                           on the object will be used.
-     * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     *                           field name.
-     */
-    public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
-    {
-        $format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
-        return date_i18n(
-            $format,
-            EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
-                $this->get_raw($field_name),
-                $this->_timezone
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
-     * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
-     * thrown.
-     *
-     * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Datetime_Field
-     */
-    protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
-    {
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
-        // check if field is dtt
-        if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
-            return $field;
-        }
-        throw new EE_Error(
-            sprintf(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                ),
-                $field_name,
-                self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-
-
-    /**
-     * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
-     * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
-     * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
-     * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
-     * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
-     */
-    /**
-     * sets the time on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * sets the date on a datetime property
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
-     * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
-     *
-     * @access protected
-     * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
-     * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
-     * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
-     *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
-    {
-        $field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
-        $field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        $field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
-        $field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
-        switch ($what) {
-            case 'T':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                $this->_has_changes = true;
-                break;
-            case 'D':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
-                    $datetime_value,
-                    $this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
-                );
-                $this->_has_changes = true;
-                break;
-            case 'B':
-                $this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
-                $this->_has_changes = true;
-                break;
-        }
-        $this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
-     * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
-     * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
-     * that could lead to some unexpected results!
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
-     *                                         value being returned.
-     * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
-     * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
-     * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
-     * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string timestamp
-     */
-    public function display_in_my_timezone(
-        $field_name,
-        $callback = 'get_datetime',
-        $args = null,
-        $prepend = '',
-        $append = ''
-    ) {
-        $timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
-        if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
-            return '';
-        }
-        $original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
-        $this->set_timezone($timezone);
-        $fn = (array) $field_name;
-        $args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
-        if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $callback
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $args = (array) $args;
-        $return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
-        $this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
-        return $return;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object.
-     * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
-     * override
-     * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
-     *
-     * @return boolean | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
-        $result = $this->_delete();
-        /**
-         * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
-         * Note:
-         * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
-         * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
-         * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
-         * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
-     * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
-     * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
-     * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
-     *
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _delete()
-    {
-        return $this->delete_permanently();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes this model object permanently from db
-     * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
-     *
-     * @return bool | int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_permanently()
-    {
-        /**
-         * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        $result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
-        $this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
-        /**
-         * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
-         * @param boolean       $result
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
-        return $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
-     * related model objects
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
-                $related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
-                if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
-                    // but let's make it consistent
-                    $related_objects = array($related_objects);
-                }
-                foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
-                    // only refresh their cache if they're in memory
-                    if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                        $related_object->clear_cache(
-                            $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                            $this
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
-     * object just before saving.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
-     *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
-     *                                 values before calling save)
-     * @return bool|int|string         1 on a successful update
-     *                                 the ID of the new entry on insert
-     *                                 0 on failure or if the model object isn't allowed to persist
-     *                                 (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        /**
-         * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
-         *
-         * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
-         */
-        $set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
-            $set_cols_n_values,
-            $this
-        );
-        // set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
-        foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
-            $this->set($column, $value);
-        }
-        // no changes ? then don't do anything
-        if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        /**
-         * Saving a model object.
-         * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
-        if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        // now get current attribute values
-        $save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
-        // if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
-        // also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
-        // They have been
-        $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
-            ->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
-        // does this model have an autoincrement PK?
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
-                // ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
-                if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    if ($results) {
-                        // if successful, set the primary key
-                        // but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
-                        // an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
-                        // will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
-                        // will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
-                        // but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
-                        $pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
-                        $this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
-                        $this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
-                        $model->add_to_entity_map($this);
-                        $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
-                // so check if one like it already exists in the db
-                if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
-                    if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
-                        throw new EE_Error(
-                            sprintf(
-                                esc_html__(
-                                    'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
-                                    'event_espresso'
-                                ),
-                                get_class($this),
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                                get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
-                                '<br />'
-                            )
-                        );
-                    }
-                    $results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
-                } else {
-                    $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-                    $this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {// there is NO primary key
-            $already_in_db = false;
-            foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
-                $uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
-                if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
-                    $already_in_db = true;
-                }
-            }
-            if ($already_in_db) {
-                $combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
-                );
-                $results = $model->update(
-                    $save_cols_n_values,
-                    $combined_pk_fields_n_values
-                );
-            } else {
-                $results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
-            }
-        }
-        // restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
-        $model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
-            $old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
-        );
-        /**
-         * After saving the model object this action is called
-         *
-         * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
-         * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
-         *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
-         */
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
-        $this->_has_changes = false;
-        return $results;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
-     * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
-     * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
-     * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
-     * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
-     * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
-     * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
-     *
-     * @return void
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
-                foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
-                    $fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
-                        $model->get_this_model_name()
-                    );
-                    $related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
-                    if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
-                        $related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
-     * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
-     * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
-     * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
-     * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
-     * and this object and properly setup
-     *
-     * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
-    {
-        // make sure this has been saved
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $id = $this->save();
-        } else {
-            $id = $this->ID();
-        }
-        // now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
-        foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
-            if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
-                // is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
-                // or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
-                /* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
-                if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                    // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                    // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                    $related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
-                    // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                    $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                    $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                    // }
-                } else {
-                    foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
-                        // add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
-                        // but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
-                        // if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
-                        $this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
-                        $related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
-                        // }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $id;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * for getting a model while instantiated.
-     *
-     * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_model()
-    {
-        if (! $this->_model) {
-            $modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
-            $this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
-        } else {
-            $this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
-        }
-        return $this->_model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $props_n_values
-     * @param $classname
-     * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
-    {
-        // TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
-        $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-        if (
-            array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-            && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-        ) {
-            $id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
-            return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
-     * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
-     * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
-     * we return false.
-     *
-     * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
-     * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
-     * @param null    $timezone
-     * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $existing = null;
-        $model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            $primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
-            if (
-                array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
-                && ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
-            ) {
-                $existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
-                    $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
-                );
-            }
-        } elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
-            // no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
-            $existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
-                self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
-                    ->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
-            );
-        }
-        if ($existing) {
-            // set date formats if present before setting values
-            if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
-                $existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
-                $existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
-            } else {
-                // set default formats for date and time
-                $existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
-                $existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
-            }
-            foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
-                $existing->set($property, $field_value);
-            }
-            return $existing;
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
-     *
-     * @access public now, as this is more convenient
-     * @param      $classname
-     * @param null $timezone
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        // find model for this class
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
-        return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
-     *
-     * @param string $model_classname
-     * @param null   $timezone
-     * @return EEM_Base
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
-    {
-        $model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
-        $model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
-        $model->set_timezone($timezone);
-        return $model;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
-     * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
-     *
-     * @param null $model_name
-     * @return string like EEM_Attendee
-     */
-    private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
-    {
-        if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
-            $model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
-        } else {
-            $model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
-        }
-        return $model_classname;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns the name of the primary key attribute
-     *
-     * @param null $classname
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
-    {
-        if (! $classname) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
-                    $classname
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the value of the primary key.
-     * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
-     * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
-     * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
-     *
-     * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function ID()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
-        if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
-            return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
-        }
-        return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherModelObjectOrID
-     * @param string                   $relationName
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @since   $VID:$
-     */
-    public function hasRelation($otherModelObjectOrID, string $relationName): bool
-    {
-        $other_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
-            self::_get_model_classname($relationName),
-            $this->_timezone
-        );
-        $primary_key = $other_model->primary_key_name();
-        /** @var EE_Base_Class $otherModelObject */
-        $otherModelObject = $other_model->ensure_is_obj($otherModelObjectOrID, $relationName);
-        return $this->count_related($relationName, [[$primary_key => $otherModelObject->ID()]]) > 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
-     * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
-     *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
-     *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
-     *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
-     * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
-     *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
-     *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
-     *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
-     *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
-     *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
-     *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
-     * @param null   $cache_id
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
-     */
-    public function _add_relation_to(
-        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-        $relationName,
-        $extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
-        $cache_id = null
-    ) {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        // if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $extra_join_model_fields_n_values
-            );
-            // clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
-            if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
-            if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                        get_class($this)
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-            $otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
-            $this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            // fix the reciprocal relation too
-            if ($otherObject->ID()) {
-                // its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
-                // clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $model->get_this_model_name(),
-                    null,
-                    true
-                );
-            } else {
-                // it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
-                $otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
-     * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
-     * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
-     * from the cache
-     *
-     * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-     *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
-     *                to the DB yet
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query
-     *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
-     *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
-     *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
-     *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
-     *                deleted.
-     * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
-                $this,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObject
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
-            );
-        }
-        if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
-            $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                $this
-            );
-        }
-        return $otherObject;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $where_query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return EE_Base_Class
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
-            $otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $where_query_params
-            );
-            $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
-            $otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
-                $relationName,
-                null,
-                true
-            );
-        }
-        if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
-            foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
-                $otherObject->clear_cache(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    $this
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $otherObjects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
-     * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
-     * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
-     * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
-     *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
-     *                             results if you want IDs
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            // this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
-            // if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
-            if ($query_params) {
-                $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // did we already cache the result of this query?
-                $cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_results) {
-                    $related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    // if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
-                    // for that relation. We can cache them then.
-                    foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
-                        $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_objects = $cached_results;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
-            $related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
-        }
-        return $related_model_objects;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
-     * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
-     * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
-     *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->count_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_count,
-            $distinct
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
-     * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
-     *
-     * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
-     * @param array  $query_params  @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
-     *                              By default, uses primary key
-     *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
-     * @return int
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
-    {
-        return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
-            $this,
-            $relation_name,
-            $query_params,
-            $field_to_sum
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
-            // if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
-            // also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
-            // on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
-            if (
-                $query_params
-                || ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
-                     instanceof
-                     EE_Belongs_To_Relation
-            ) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            } else {
-                // first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
-                $cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-                if (! $cached_result) {
-                    $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                        $this,
-                        $relationName,
-                        $query_params
-                    );
-                    $this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
-                } else {
-                    $related_model_object = $cached_result;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $related_model_object = null;
-            // this doesn't exist in the Db,
-            // but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
-            if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
-                    $this,
-                    $relationName,
-                    $query_params
-                );
-            }
-            // this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
-            // just get what's cached on this object
-            if (! $related_model_object) {
-                $related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
-            }
-        }
-        return $related_model_object;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
-     * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
-     * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int how many deleted
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-            $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        }
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
-     * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
-     * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
-     * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
-     * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
-     *
-     * @param string $relationName
-     * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
-    {
-        if ($this->ID()) {
-            $count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
-                $this,
-                $relationName,
-                $query_params
-            );
-        } else {
-            $count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
-        }
-        $this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
-        return $count;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * is_set
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @param  string $field_name property to check
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
-     */
-    public function is_set($field_name)
-    {
-        return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
-     * EE_Error exception if they don't
-     *
-     * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
-     */
-    protected function _property_exists($properties)
-    {
-        foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
-            // first make sure this property exists
-            if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $property_name
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function model_field_array()
-    {
-        $fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
-        $properties = array();
-        // remove prepended underscore
-        foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
-            $properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
-        }
-        return $properties;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
-     * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
-     * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
-     * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
-     * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
-     * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
-     * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
-     * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
-     * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
-     * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
-     * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
-     *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
-     *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
-     *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
-     *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
-     *      }
-     * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
-     * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
-     * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
-     * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
-     *
-     * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
-     * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
-     */
-    public function __call($methodName, $args)
-    {
-        $className = get_class($this);
-        $tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
-        if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
-            throw new EE_Error(
-                sprintf(
-                    esc_html__(
-                        "Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $methodName,
-                    $className,
-                    $tagName
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
-     * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @param mixed  $previous_value
-     * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
-     *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($previous_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        $existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-        if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
-            return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
-        }
-        foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
-            $existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
-        }
-        return count($existing_rows_like_that);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
-     * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
-     * extra meta row was entered, false if not
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param mixed   $meta_value
-     * @param boolean $unique
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
-    {
-        if ($unique) {
-            $existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
-                array(
-                    array(
-                        'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                        'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                        'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-                    ),
-                )
-            );
-            if ($existing_extra_meta) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        $new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
-                'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
-                'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            )
-        );
-        $new_extra_meta->save();
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
-     * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
-     *
-     * @param string $meta_key
-     * @param mixed  $meta_value
-     * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
-    {
-        $query_params = array(
-            array(
-                'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
-                'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
-                'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
-            ),
-        );
-        if ($meta_value !== null) {
-            $query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
-        }
-        return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
-     * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
-     * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
-     *
-     * @param string  $meta_key
-     * @param boolean $single
-     * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
-     * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
-    {
-        if ($single) {
-            $result = $this->get_first_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                return $result->value();
-            }
-        } else {
-            $results = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
-            );
-            if ($results) {
-                $values = array();
-                foreach ($results as $result) {
-                    if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                        $values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
-                    }
-                }
-                return $values;
-            }
-        }
-        // if nothing discovered yet return default.
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
-            $default,
-            $meta_key,
-            $single,
-            $this
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
-     * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
-     * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
-     * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
-     * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
-     * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
-     * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
-     * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
-     *
-     * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
-    {
-        $return_array = array();
-        if ($one_of_each_key) {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
-                'Extra_Meta',
-                array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
-            );
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            $extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
-            foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
-                if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
-                    if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
-                        $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
-                    }
-                    $return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return $return_array;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        // find a field that's not a text field
-        $field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
-        if ($field_we_can_use) {
-            return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
-        }
-        $first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
-        $first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
-        $name_parts = array();
-        foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
-            $name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
-        }
-        return implode(',', $name_parts);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * in_entity_map
-     * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function in_entity_map()
-    {
-        // well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
-        return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * refresh_from_db
-     * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
-     *
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
-     * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
-     */
-    public function refresh_from_db()
-    {
-        if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
-            $this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
-        } else {
-            // if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
-            // if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
-            // that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
-            // absolutely nothing in it for this ID
-            if (WP_DEBUG) {
-                throw new EE_Error(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $this->ID(),
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
-                        get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Change $fields' values to $new_value_sql (which is a string of raw SQL)
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $fields
-     * @param string $new_value_sql
-     *      example: 'column_name=123',
-     *      or 'column_name=column_name+1',
-     *      or 'column_name= CASE
-     *          WHEN (`column_name` + `other_column` + 5) <= `yet_another_column`
-     *          THEN `column_name` + 5
-     *          ELSE `column_name`
-     *      END'
-     *      Also updates $field on this model object with the latest value from the database.
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    protected function updateFieldsInDB($fields, $new_value_sql)
-    {
-        // First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
-        // if it wasn't even there to start off.
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            $this->save();
-        }
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (empty($fields)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                esc_html__(
-                    'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed an empty array of fields.',
-                    'event_espresso'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $first_field = reset($fields);
-        $table_alias = $first_field->get_table_alias();
-        foreach ($fields as $field) {
-            if ($table_alias !== $field->get_table_alias()) {
-                throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
-                            'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed fields for different tables ("%1$s" and "%2$s"), which is not supported. Instead, please call the method multiple times.',
-                            // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        $table_alias,
-                        $field->get_table_alias()
-                    )
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        // Ok the fields are now known to all be for the same table. Proceed with creating the SQL to update it.
-        $table_obj = $this->get_model()->get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias);
-        $table_pk_value = $this->ID();
-        $table_name = $table_obj->get_table_name();
-        if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
-            $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_fk_on_table();
-        } else {
-            $table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
-        }
-
-        $query =
-            "UPDATE `{$table_name}`
+				$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+				&& $field_value
+				&& $field_name === $model->primary_key_name()
+			) {
+				// if so, we want all this object's fields to be filled either with
+				// what we've explicitly set on this model
+				// or what we have in the db
+				// echo "setting primary key!";
+				$fields_on_model = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->field_settings();
+				$obj_in_db = self::_get_model(get_class($this))->get_one_by_ID($field_value);
+				foreach ($fields_on_model as $field_obj) {
+					if (
+						! array_key_exists($field_obj->get_name(), $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor)
+						&& $field_obj->get_name() !== $field_name
+					) {
+						$this->set($field_obj->get_name(), $obj_in_db->get($field_obj->get_name()));
+					}
+				}
+				// oh this model object has an ID? well make sure its in the entity mapper
+				$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+			}
+			// let's unset any cache for this field_name from the $_cached_properties property.
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		} else {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'A valid EE_Model_Field_Base could not be found for the given field name: %s',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				)
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set custom select values for model.
+	 *
+	 * @param array $custom_select_values
+	 */
+	public function setCustomSelectsValues(array $custom_select_values)
+	{
+		$this->custom_selection_results = $custom_select_values;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the custom select value for the provided alias if its set.
+	 * If not set, returns null.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $alias
+	 * @return string|int|float|null
+	 */
+	public function getCustomSelect($alias)
+	{
+		return isset($this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ])
+			? $this->custom_selection_results[ $alias ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the field value on the db column if it exists for the given $column_name or
+	 * saves it to EE_Extra_Meta if the given $column_name does not match a db column.
+	 *
+	 * @see EE_message::get_column_value for related documentation on the necessity of this method.
+	 * @param string $field_name  Must be the exact column name.
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value The value to set.
+	 * @return int|bool @see EE_Base_Class::update_extra_meta() for return docs.
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_field_or_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$this->set($field_name, $field_value);
+			return true;
+		}
+		// ensure this object is saved first so that extra meta can be properly related.
+		$this->save();
+		return $this->update_extra_meta($field_name, $field_value);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This retrieves the value of the db column set on this class or if that's not present
+	 * it will attempt to retrieve from extra_meta if found.
+	 * Example Usage:
+	 * Via EE_Message child class:
+	 * Due to the dynamic nature of the EE_messages system, EE_messengers will always have a "to",
+	 * "from", "subject", and "content" field (as represented in the EE_Message schema), however they may
+	 * also have additional main fields specific to the messenger.  The system accommodates those extra
+	 * fields through the EE_Extra_Meta table.  This method allows for EE_messengers to retrieve the
+	 * value for those extra fields dynamically via the EE_message object.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name expecting the fully qualified field name.
+	 * @return mixed|null  value for the field if found.  null if not found.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_field_or_extra_meta($field_name)
+	{
+		if ($this->get_model()->has_field($field_name)) {
+			$column_value = $this->get($field_name);
+		} else {
+			// This isn't a column in the main table, let's see if it is in the extra meta.
+			$column_value = $this->get_extra_meta($field_name, true, null);
+		}
+		return $column_value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * See $_timezone property for description of what the timezone property is for.  This SETS the timezone internally
+	 * for being able to reference what timezone we are running conversions on when converting TO the internal timezone
+	 * (UTC Unix Timestamp) for the object OR when converting FROM the internal timezone (UTC Unix Timestamp). This is
+	 * available to all child classes that may be using the EE_Datetime_Field for a field data type.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $timezone A valid timezone string as described by @link http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone($timezone = '')
+	{
+		$this->_timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_valid_timezone_string($timezone);
+		// make sure we clear all cached properties because they won't be relevant now
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+		// make sure we update field settings and the date for all EE_Datetime_Fields
+		$model_fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		foreach ($model_fields as $field_name => $field_obj) {
+			if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+				$field_obj->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+				if (isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime) {
+					EEH_DTT_Helper::setTimezone($this->_fields[ $field_name ], new DateTimeZone($this->_timezone));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns whatever is set for the current timezone.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return string timezone string
+	 */
+	public function get_timezone()
+	{
+		return $this->_timezone;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal date format to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the class
+	 * internally instead of wp set date format options
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_date_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This sets the internal time format string to what is sent in to be used as the new default for the
+	 * class internally instead of wp set time format options.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.6
+	 * @param string $format should be a format recognizable by PHP date() functions.
+	 */
+	public function set_time_format($format)
+	{
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $format;
+		// clear cached_properties because they won't be relevant now.
+		$this->_clear_cached_properties();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the current internal set format for the date and time formats.
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $full           if true (default), then return the full format.  Otherwise will return an array
+	 *                             where the first value is the date format and the second value is the time format.
+	 * @return mixed string|array
+	 */
+	public function get_format($full = true)
+	{
+		return $full ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : array($this->_dt_frmt, $this->_tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * cache
+	 * stores the passed model object on the current model object.
+	 * In certain circumstances, we can use this cached model object instead of querying for another one entirely.
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName    one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model. Eg
+	 *                                       'Registration' associated with this model object
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $object_to_cache that has a relation to this model object. (Eg, if this is a Transaction,
+	 *                                       that could be a payment or a registration)
+	 * @param null          $cache_id        a string or number that will be used as the key for any Belongs_To_Many
+	 *                                       items which will be stored in an array on this object
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed    index into cache, or just TRUE if the relation is of type Belongs_To (because there's only one
+	 *                                       related thing, no array)
+	 */
+	public function cache($relationName = '', $object_to_cache = null, $cache_id = null)
+	{
+		// its entirely possible that there IS no related object yet in which case there is nothing to cache.
+		if (! $object_to_cache instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// also get "how" the object is related, or throw an error
+		if (! $relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot cache it', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		// how many things are related ?
+		if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			// if it's a "belongs to" relationship, then there's only one related model object
+			// eg, if this is a registration, there's only 1 attendee for it
+			// so for these model objects just set it to be cached
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $object_to_cache;
+			$return = true;
+		} else {
+			// otherwise, this is the "many" side of a one to many relationship,
+			// so we'll add the object to the array of related objects for that type.
+			// eg: if this is an event, there are many registrations for that event,
+			// so we cache the registrations in an array
+			if (! is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])) {
+				// if for some reason, the cached item is a model object,
+				// then stick that in the array, otherwise start with an empty array
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+														   instanceof
+														   EE_Base_Class
+					? array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) : array();
+			}
+			// first check for a cache_id which is normally empty
+			if (! empty($cache_id)) {
+				// if the cache_id exists, then it means we are purposely trying to cache this
+				// with a known key that can then be used to retrieve the object later on
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $cache_id ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $cache_id;
+			} elseif ($object_to_cache->ID()) {
+				// OR the cached object originally came from the db, so let's just use it's PK for an ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $object_to_cache->ID() ] = $object_to_cache;
+				$return = $object_to_cache->ID();
+			} else {
+				// OR it's a new object with no ID, so just throw it in the array with an auto-incremented ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][] = $object_to_cache;
+				// move the internal pointer to the end of the array
+				end($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+				// and grab the key so that we can return it
+				$return = key($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]);
+			}
+		}
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For adding an item to the cached_properties property.
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string      $fieldname the property item the corresponding value is for.
+	 * @param mixed       $value     The value we are caching.
+	 * @param string|null $cache_type
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type = null)
+	{
+		// first make sure this property exists
+		$this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = empty($cache_type) ? 'standard' : $cache_type;
+		$this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ] = $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the value cached property if it exists OR the actual property value if the cache doesn't exist.
+	 * This also SETS the cache if we return the actual property!
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname        the name of the property we're trying to retrieve
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref  This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                 (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                 - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 *                                 It can also accept certain pre-defined "schema" strings
+	 *                                 to define how to output the property.
+	 *                                 see the field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing for what strings can be used
+	 * @return mixed                   whatever the value for the property is we're retrieving
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_cached_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		// verify the field exists
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$model->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		$cache_type = $pretty ? 'pretty' : 'standard';
+		$cache_type .= ! empty($extra_cache_ref) ? '_' . $extra_cache_ref : '';
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ])) {
+			return $this->_cached_properties[ $fieldname ][ $cache_type ];
+		}
+		$value = $this->_get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		$this->_set_cached_property($fieldname, $value, $cache_type);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If the cache didn't fetch the needed item, this fetches it.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $fieldname
+	 * @param bool   $pretty
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function _get_fresh_property($fieldname, $pretty = false, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($fieldname);
+		// If this is an EE_Datetime_Field we need to make sure timezone, formats, and output are correct
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			$this->_prepare_datetime_field($field_obj, $pretty, $extra_cache_ref);
+		}
+		if (! isset($this->_fields[ $fieldname ])) {
+			$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = null;
+		}
+		$value = $pretty
+			? $field_obj->prepare_for_pretty_echoing($this->_fields[ $fieldname ], $extra_cache_ref)
+			: $field_obj->prepare_for_get($this->_fields[ $fieldname ]);
+		return $value;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * set timezone, formats, and output for EE_Datetime_Field objects
+	 *
+	 * @param \EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field
+	 * @param bool               $pretty
+	 * @param null               $date_or_time
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _prepare_datetime_field(
+		EE_Datetime_Field $datetime_field,
+		$pretty = false,
+		$date_or_time = null
+	) {
+		$datetime_field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$datetime_field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt, $pretty);
+		$datetime_field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt, $pretty);
+		// set the output returned
+		switch ($date_or_time) {
+			case 'D':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('date');
+				break;
+			case 'T':
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output('time');
+				break;
+			default:
+				$datetime_field->set_date_time_output();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just takes care of clearing out the cached_properties
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_properties()
+	{
+		$this->_cached_properties = array();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just clears out ONE property if it exists in the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $property_name the property to remove if it exists (from the _cached_properties array)
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	protected function _clear_cached_property($property_name)
+	{
+		if (isset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ])) {
+			unset($this->_cached_properties[ $property_name ]);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Ensures that this related thing is a model object.
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $object_or_id EE_base_Class/int/string either a related model object, or its ID
+	 * @param string $model_name   name of the related thing, eg 'Attendee',
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function ensure_related_thing_is_model_obj($object_or_id, $model_name)
+	{
+		$other_model_instance = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($model_name),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		return $other_model_instance->ensure_is_obj($object_or_id);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Forgets the cached model of the given relation Name. So the next time we request it,
+	 * we will fetch it again from the database. (Handy if you know it's changed somehow).
+	 * If a specific object is supplied, and the relationship to it is either a HasMany or HABTM,
+	 * then only remove that one object from our cached array. Otherwise, clear the entire list
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName                         one of the keys in the _model_relations array on the model.
+	 *                                                     Eg 'Registration'
+	 * @param mixed  $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array or an index into the array of cached things, or NULL
+	 *                                                     if you intend to use $clear_all = TRUE, or the relation only
+	 *                                                     has 1 object anyways (ie, it's a BelongsToRelation)
+	 * @param bool   $clear_all                            This flags clearing the entire cache relation property if
+	 *                                                     this is HasMany or HABTM.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class | boolean from which was cleared from the cache, or true if we requested to remove a
+	 *                                                     relation from all
+	 */
+	public function clear_cache($relationName, $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array = null, $clear_all = false)
+	{
+		$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+		$index_in_cache = '';
+		if (! $relationship_to_model) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('There is no relationship to %s on a %s. Cannot clear that cache', 'event_espresso'),
+					$relationName,
+					get_class($this)
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($clear_all) {
+			$obj_removed = true;
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} elseif ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+			$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+			$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = null;
+		} else {
+			if (
+				$object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class
+				&& $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+			) {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID();
+				if (
+					is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+					&& ! isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])
+				) {
+					$index_found_at = null;
+					// find this object in the array even though it has a different key
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $index => $obj) {
+						/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+						if (
+							$obj instanceof EE_Base_Class
+							&& (
+								$obj == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array
+								|| $obj->ID() === $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array->ID()
+							)
+						) {
+							$index_found_at = $index;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+					if ($index_found_at) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index_found_at;
+					} else {
+						// it wasn't found. huh. well obviously it doesn't need to be removed from teh cache
+						// if it wasn't in it to begin with. So we're done
+						return $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+					}
+				}
+			} elseif ($object_to_remove_or_index_into_array instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// so they provided a model object, but it's not yet saved to the DB... so let's go hunting for it!
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName) as $index => $potentially_obj_we_want) {
+					/** @noinspection TypeUnsafeComparisonInspection */
+					if ($potentially_obj_we_want == $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array) {
+						$index_in_cache = $index;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				$index_in_cache = $object_to_remove_or_index_into_array;
+			}
+			// supposedly we've found it. But it could just be that the client code
+			// provided a bad index/object
+			if (isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ])) {
+				$obj_removed = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ];
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $index_in_cache ]);
+			} else {
+				// that thing was never cached anyways.
+				$obj_removed = null;
+			}
+		}
+		return $obj_removed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * update_cache_after_object_save
+	 * Allows a cached item to have it's cache ID (within the array of cached items) reset using the new ID it has
+	 * obtained after being saved to the db
+	 *
+	 * @param string        $relationName       - the type of object that is cached
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object - the newly saved object to be re-cached
+	 * @param string        $current_cache_id   - the ID that was used when originally caching the object
+	 * @return boolean TRUE on success, FALSE on fail
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function update_cache_after_object_save(
+		$relationName,
+		EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object,
+		$current_cache_id = ''
+	) {
+		// verify that incoming object is of the correct type
+		$obj_class = 'EE_' . $relationName;
+		if ($newly_saved_object instanceof $obj_class) {
+			/* @type EE_Base_Class $newly_saved_object */
+			// now get the type of relation
+			$relationship_to_model = $this->get_model()->related_settings_for($relationName);
+			// if this is a 1:1 relationship
+			if ($relationship_to_model instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				// then just replace the cached object with the newly saved object
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+				// or if it's some kind of sordid feral polyamorous relationship...
+			}
+			if (
+				is_array($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+				&& isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ])
+			) {
+				// then remove the current cached item
+				unset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $current_cache_id ]);
+				// and cache the newly saved object using it's new ID
+				$this->_model_relations[ $relationName ][ $newly_saved_object->ID() ] = $newly_saved_object;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 */
+	public function get_one_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$cached_array_or_object = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ])
+			? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]
+			: null;
+		if (is_array($cached_array_or_object)) {
+			return array_shift($cached_array_or_object);
+		}
+		return $cached_array_or_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a single EE_Base_Class on that relation. (If the relation is of type
+	 * BelongsTo, it will only ever have 1 object. However, other relations could have an array of objects)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[] NOT necessarily indexed by primary keys
+	 */
+	public function get_all_from_cache($relationName)
+	{
+		$objects = isset($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) ? $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] : array();
+		// if the result is not an array, but exists, make it an array
+		$objects = is_array($objects) ? $objects : array($objects);
+		// bugfix for https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7143
+		// basically, if this model object was stored in the session, and these cached model objects
+		// already have IDs, let's make sure they're in their model's entity mapper
+		// otherwise we will have duplicates next time we call
+		// EE_Registry::instance()->load_model( $relationName )->get_one_by_ID( $result->ID() );
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($relationName);
+		foreach ($objects as $model_object) {
+			if ($model instanceof EEM_Base && $model_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				// ensure its in the map if it has an ID; otherwise it will be added to the map when its saved
+				if ($model_object->ID()) {
+					$model->add_to_entity_map($model_object);
+				}
+			} else {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Error retrieving related model objects. Either $1%s is not a model or $2%s is not a model object',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$relationName,
+						gettype($model_object)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next_x($field_to_order_by = null, $limit = 1, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous x number of EE_Base_Class objects in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param int   $limit              How many objects to return.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class[]
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous_x(
+		$field_to_order_by = null,
+		$limit = 1,
+		$query_params = array(),
+		$columns_to_select = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous_x($current_value, $field, $limit, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the next EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an array of EE_Base_Class objects is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the columns you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function next($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->next($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the previous EE_Base_Class object in sequence from this object as found in the database
+	 * matching the given query conditions.
+	 *
+	 * @param null  $field_to_order_by  What field is being used as the reference point.
+	 * @param array $query_params       Any additional conditions on the query.
+	 * @param null  $columns_to_select  If left null, then an EE_Base_Class object is returned, otherwise
+	 *                                  you can indicate just the column you want returned
+	 * @return array|EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function previous($field_to_order_by = null, $query_params = array(), $columns_to_select = null)
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$field = empty($field_to_order_by) && $model->has_primary_key_field()
+			? $model->get_primary_key_field()->get_name()
+			: $field_to_order_by;
+		$current_value = ! empty($field) ? $this->get($field) : null;
+		if (empty($field) || empty($current_value)) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		return $model->previous($current_value, $field, $query_params, $columns_to_select);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent because parent expects old models.
+	 * This also doesn't do any validation, and won't work for serialized arrays
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value_from_db
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_from_db($field_name, $field_value_from_db)
+	{
+		$field_obj = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if ($field_obj instanceof EE_Model_Field_Base) {
+			// you would think the DB has no NULLs for non-null label fields right? wrong!
+			// eg, a CPT model object could have an entry in the posts table, but no
+			// entry in the meta table. Meaning that all its columns in the meta table
+			// are null! yikes! so when we find one like that, use defaults for its meta columns
+			if ($field_value_from_db === null) {
+				if ($field_obj->is_nullable()) {
+					// if the field allows nulls, then let it be null
+					$field_value = null;
+				} else {
+					$field_value = $field_obj->get_default_value();
+				}
+			} else {
+				$field_value = $field_obj->prepare_for_set_from_db($field_value_from_db);
+			}
+			$this->_fields[ $field_name ] = $field_value;
+			$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * verifies that the specified field is of the correct type
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, false, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method simply returns the RAW unprocessed value for the given property in this class
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name A valid fieldname
+	 * @return mixed              Whatever the raw value stored on the property is.
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if fieldSettings is misconfigured or the field doesn't exist.
+	 */
+	public function get_raw($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		return $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? $this->_fields[ $field_name ]->format('U')
+			: $this->_fields[ $field_name ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is used to return the internal DateTime object used for a field that is a
+	 * EE_Datetime_Field.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name               The field name retrieving the DateTime object.
+	 * @return mixed null | false | DateTime  If the requested field is NOT a EE_Datetime_Field then
+	 * @throws EE_Error an error is set and false returned.  If the field IS an
+	 *                                         EE_Datetime_Field and but the field value is null, then
+	 *                                         just null is returned (because that indicates that likely
+	 *                                         this field is nullable).
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_DateTime_object($field_name)
+	{
+		$field_settings = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		if (! $field_settings instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			EE_Error::add_error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The field %s is not an EE_Datetime_Field field.  There is no DateTime object stored on this field type.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$field_name
+				),
+				__FILE__,
+				__FUNCTION__,
+				__LINE__
+			);
+			return false;
+		}
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]) && $this->_fields[ $field_name ] instanceof DateTime
+			? clone $this->_fields[ $field_name ]
+			: null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * To be used in template to immediately echo out the value, and format it for output.
+	 * Eg, should call stripslashes and whatnot before echoing
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name      the name of the field as it appears in the DB
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref), AllowedTags::getWithFormTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Exactly like e(), echoes out the field, but sets its schema to 'form_input', so that it
+	 * can be easily used as the value of form input.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function f($field_name)
+	{
+		$this->e($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Same as `f()` but just returns the value instead of echoing it
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_f($field_name)
+	{
+		return (string) $this->get_pretty($field_name, 'form_input');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty view of the field's value. $extra_cache_ref can specify different formats for this.
+	 * The $extra_cache_ref will be passed to the model field's prepare_for_pretty_echoing, so consult the field's class
+	 * to see what options are available.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns the datetime for the given field name
+	 * Note: this protected function is called by the wrapper get_date or get_time or get_datetime functions
+	 * (and the equivalent e_date, e_time, e_datetime).
+	 *
+	 * @access   protected
+	 * @param string   $field_name   Field on the instantiated EE_Base_Class child object
+	 * @param string   $dt_frmt      valid datetime format used for date
+	 *                               (if '' then we just use the default on the field,
+	 *                               if NULL we use the last-used format)
+	 * @param string   $tm_frmt      Same as above except this is for time format
+	 * @param string   $date_or_time if NULL then both are returned, otherwise "D" = only date and "T" = only time.
+	 * @param  boolean $echo         Whether the dtt is echoing using pretty echoing or just returned using vanilla get
+	 * @return string|bool|EE_Error string on success, FALSE on fail, or EE_Error Exception is thrown
+	 *                               if field is not a valid dtt field, or void if echoing
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '', $date_or_time = '', $echo = false)
+	{
+		// clear cached property
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($field_name);
+		// reset format properties because they are used in get()
+		$this->_dt_frmt = $dt_frmt !== '' ? $dt_frmt : $this->_dt_frmt;
+		$this->_tm_frmt = $tm_frmt !== '' ? $tm_frmt : $this->_tm_frmt;
+		if ($echo) {
+			$this->e($field_name, $date_or_time);
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $this->get($field_name, $date_or_time);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the date
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @return string            datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_date($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $format, null, 'D', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for JUST returning the time
+	 * portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $format     format for the time returned ( if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param        $field_name
+	 * @param string $format
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_time($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, null, $format, 'T', true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * below are wrapper functions for the various datetime outputs that can be obtained for returning the date AND
+	 * time portion of a datetime value. (note the only difference between get_ and e_ is one returns the value and the
+	 * other echoes the pretty value for dtt)
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name name of model object datetime field holding the value
+	 * @param  string $dt_frmt    format for the date returned (if NULL we use default in dt_frmt property)
+	 * @param  string $tm_frmt    format for the time returned (if NULL we use default in tm_frmt property)
+	 * @return string             datetime value formatted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		$this->_get_datetime($field_name, $dt_frmt, $tm_frmt, null, true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the i8ln value for a date using the WordPress @see date_i18n function.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name The EE_Datetime_Field reference for the date being retrieved.
+	 * @param string $format     PHP valid date/time string format.  If none is provided then the internal set format
+	 *                           on the object will be used.
+	 * @return string Date and time string in set locale or false if no field exists for the given
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 *                           field name.
+	 */
+	public function get_i18n_datetime($field_name, $format = '')
+	{
+		$format = empty($format) ? $this->_dt_frmt . ' ' . $this->_tm_frmt : $format;
+		return date_i18n(
+			$format,
+			EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timestamp_with_offset(
+				$this->get_raw($field_name),
+				$this->_timezone
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method validates whether the given field name is a valid field on the model object as well as it is of a
+	 * type EE_Datetime_Field.  On success there will be returned the field settings.  On fail an EE_Error exception is
+	 * thrown.
+	 *
+	 * @param  string $field_name The field name being checked
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Datetime_Field
+	 */
+	protected function _get_dtt_field_settings($field_name)
+	{
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name);
+		// check if field is dtt
+		if ($field instanceof EE_Datetime_Field) {
+			return $field;
+		}
+		throw new EE_Error(
+			sprintf(
+				esc_html__(
+					'The field name "%s" has been requested for the EE_Base_Class datetime functions and it is not a valid EE_Datetime_Field.  Please check the spelling of the field and make sure it has been setup as a EE_Datetime_Field in the %s model constructor',
+					'event_espresso'
+				),
+				$field_name,
+				self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this))
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+
+
+	/**
+	 * NOTE ABOUT BELOW:
+	 * These convenience date and time setters are for setting date and time independently.  In other words you might
+	 * want to change the time on a datetime_field but leave the date the same (or vice versa). IF on the other hand
+	 * you want to set both date and time at the same time, you can just use the models default set($fieldname,$value)
+	 * method and make sure you send the entire datetime value for setting.
+	 */
+	/**
+	 * sets the time on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|Datetime $time      a valid time string for php datetime functions (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the time is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_time_for($time, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('T', $time, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * sets the date on a datetime property
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string|DateTime $date      a valid date string for php datetime functions ( or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname the name of the field the date is being set on (must match a EE_Datetime_Field)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_for($date, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$this->_set_date_time('D', $date, $fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This takes care of setting a date or time independently on a given model object property. This method also
+	 * verifies that the given fieldname matches a model object property and is for a EE_Datetime_Field field
+	 *
+	 * @access protected
+	 * @param string          $what           "T" for time, 'B' for both, 'D' for Date.
+	 * @param string|DateTime $datetime_value A valid Date or Time string (or DateTime object)
+	 * @param string          $fieldname      the name of the field the date OR time is being set on (must match a
+	 *                                        EE_Datetime_Field property)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _set_date_time($what = 'T', $datetime_value, $fieldname)
+	{
+		$field = $this->_get_dtt_field_settings($fieldname);
+		$field->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		$field->set_date_format($this->_dt_frmt);
+		$field->set_time_format($this->_tm_frmt);
+		switch ($what) {
+			case 'T':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_time(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				$this->_has_changes = true;
+				break;
+			case 'D':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set_with_new_date(
+					$datetime_value,
+					$this->_fields[ $fieldname ]
+				);
+				$this->_has_changes = true;
+				break;
+			case 'B':
+				$this->_fields[ $fieldname ] = $field->prepare_for_set($datetime_value);
+				$this->_has_changes = true;
+				break;
+		}
+		$this->_clear_cached_property($fieldname);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This will return a timestamp for the website timezone but ONLY when the current website timezone is different
+	 * than the timezone set for the website. NOTE, this currently only works well with methods that return values.  If
+	 * you use it with methods that echo values the $_timestamp property may not get reset to its original value and
+	 * that could lead to some unexpected results!
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $field_name               This is the name of the field on the object that contains the date/time
+	 *                                         value being returned.
+	 * @param string $callback                 must match a valid method in this class (defaults to get_datetime)
+	 * @param mixed (array|string) $args       This is the arguments that will be passed to the callback.
+	 * @param string $prepend                  You can include something to prepend on the timestamp
+	 * @param string $append                   You can include something to append on the timestamp
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string timestamp
+	 */
+	public function display_in_my_timezone(
+		$field_name,
+		$callback = 'get_datetime',
+		$args = null,
+		$prepend = '',
+		$append = ''
+	) {
+		$timezone = EEH_DTT_Helper::get_timezone();
+		if ($timezone === $this->_timezone) {
+			return '';
+		}
+		$original_timezone = $this->_timezone;
+		$this->set_timezone($timezone);
+		$fn = (array) $field_name;
+		$args = array_merge($fn, (array) $args);
+		if (! method_exists($this, $callback)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'The method named "%s" given as the callback param in "display_in_my_timezone" does not exist.  Please check your spelling',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$callback
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$args = (array) $args;
+		$return = $prepend . call_user_func_array(array($this, $callback), $args) . $append;
+		$this->set_timezone($original_timezone);
+		return $return;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object.
+	 * This calls the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method.  Child classes wishing to change default behaviour should
+	 * override
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` NOT this class.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example, `EE_Soft_Delete_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__before', $this);
+		$result = $this->_delete();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after the `EE_Base_Class::_delete` method call.
+		 * Note:
+		 * `EE_Base_Class::_delete` might be overridden by child classes so any client code hooking into these actions
+		 * should be aware that `_delete` may not always result in a permanent delete.
+		 * For example `EE_Soft_Base_Class::_delete`
+		 * soft deletes (trash) the object and does not permanently delete it.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Calls the specific delete method for the instantiated class.
+	 * This method is called by the public `EE_Base_Class::delete` method.  Any child classes desiring to override
+	 * default functionality for "delete" (which is to call `permanently_delete`) should override this method NOT
+	 * `EE_Base_Class::delete`
+	 *
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _delete()
+	{
+		return $this->delete_permanently();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes this model object permanently from db
+	 * (but keep in mind related models may block the delete and return an error)
+	 *
+	 * @return bool | int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_permanently()
+	{
+		/**
+		 * Called just before HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object about to be 'deleted'
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__before', $this);
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		$result = $model->delete_permanently_by_ID($this->ID());
+		$this->refresh_cache_of_related_objects();
+		/**
+		 * Called just after HARD deleting a model object
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object that was just 'deleted'
+		 * @param boolean       $result
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__delete_permanently__end', $this, $result);
+		return $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * When this model object is deleted, it may still be cached on related model objects. This clears the cache of
+	 * related model objects
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function refresh_cache_of_related_objects()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if (! empty($this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ])) {
+				$related_objects = $this->_model_relations[ $relation_name ];
+				if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// this relation only stores a single model object, not an array
+					// but let's make it consistent
+					$related_objects = array($related_objects);
+				}
+				foreach ($related_objects as $related_object) {
+					// only refresh their cache if they're in memory
+					if ($related_object instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+						$related_object->clear_cache(
+							$model->get_this_model_name(),
+							$this
+						);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *        Saves this object to the database. An array may be supplied to set some values on this
+	 * object just before saving.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param array $set_cols_n_values keys are field names, values are their new values,
+	 *                                 if provided during the save() method (often client code will change the fields'
+	 *                                 values before calling save)
+	 * @return bool|int|string         1 on a successful update
+	 *                                 the ID of the new entry on insert
+	 *                                 0 on failure or if the model object isn't allowed to persist
+	 *                                 (as determined by EE_Base_Class::allow_persist())
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function save($set_cols_n_values = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		/**
+		 * Filters the fields we're about to save on the model object
+		 *
+		 * @param array         $set_cols_n_values
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object
+		 */
+		$set_cols_n_values = (array) apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__set_cols_n_values',
+			$set_cols_n_values,
+			$this
+		);
+		// set attributes as provided in $set_cols_n_values
+		foreach ($set_cols_n_values as $column => $value) {
+			$this->set($column, $value);
+		}
+		// no changes ? then don't do anything
+		if (! $this->_has_changes && $this->ID() && $model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/**
+		 * Saving a model object.
+		 * Before we perform a save, this action is fired.
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object the model object about to be saved.
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__begin', $this);
+		if (! $this->allow_persist()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		// now get current attribute values
+		$save_cols_n_values = $this->_fields;
+		// if the object already has an ID, update it. Otherwise, insert it
+		// also: change the assumption about values passed to the model NOT being prepare dby the model object.
+		// They have been
+		$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation = $model
+			->get_assumption_concerning_values_already_prepared_by_model_object();
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(true);
+		// does this model have an autoincrement PK?
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			if ($model->get_primary_key_field()->is_auto_increment()) {
+				// ok check if it's set, if so: update; if not, insert
+				if (! empty($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ])) {
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					unset($save_cols_n_values[ $model->primary_key_name() ]);
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					if ($results) {
+						// if successful, set the primary key
+						// but don't use the normal SET method, because it will check if
+						// an item with the same ID exists in the mapper & db, then
+						// will find it in the db (because we just added it) and THAT object
+						// will get added to the mapper before we can add this one!
+						// but if we just avoid using the SET method, all that headache can be avoided
+						$pk_field_name = $model->primary_key_name();
+						$this->_fields[ $pk_field_name ] = $results;
+						$this->_clear_cached_property($pk_field_name);
+						$model->add_to_entity_map($this);
+						$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+					}
+				}
+			} else {// PK is NOT auto-increment
+				// so check if one like it already exists in the db
+				if ($model->exists_by_ID($this->ID())) {
+					if (WP_DEBUG && ! $this->in_entity_map()) {
+						throw new EE_Error(
+							sprintf(
+								esc_html__(
+									'Using a model object %1$s that is NOT in the entity map, can lead to unexpected errors. You should either: %4$s 1. Put it in the entity mapper by calling %2$s %4$s 2. Discard this model object and use what is in the entity mapper %4$s 3. Fetch from the database using %3$s',
+									'event_espresso'
+								),
+								get_class($this),
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+								get_class($model) . '::instance()->get_one_by_ID()',
+								'<br />'
+							)
+						);
+					}
+					$results = $model->update_by_ID($save_cols_n_values, $this->ID());
+				} else {
+					$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+					$this->_update_cached_related_model_objs_fks();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {// there is NO primary key
+			$already_in_db = false;
+			foreach ($model->unique_indexes() as $index) {
+				$uniqueness_where_params = array_intersect_key($save_cols_n_values, $index->fields());
+				if ($model->exists(array($uniqueness_where_params))) {
+					$already_in_db = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if ($already_in_db) {
+				$combined_pk_fields_n_values = array_intersect_key(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$model->get_combined_primary_key_fields()
+				);
+				$results = $model->update(
+					$save_cols_n_values,
+					$combined_pk_fields_n_values
+				);
+			} else {
+				$results = $model->insert($save_cols_n_values);
+			}
+		}
+		// restore the old assumption about values being prepared by the model object
+		$model->assume_values_already_prepared_by_model_object(
+			$old_assumption_concerning_value_preparation
+		);
+		/**
+		 * After saving the model object this action is called
+		 *
+		 * @param EE_Base_Class $model_object which was just saved
+		 * @param boolean|int   $results      if it were updated, TRUE or FALSE; if it were newly inserted
+		 *                                    the new ID (or 0 if an error occurred and it wasn't updated)
+		 */
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Base_Class__save__end', $this, $results);
+		$this->_has_changes = false;
+		return $results;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the foreign key on related models objects pointing to this to have this model object's ID
+	 * as their foreign key.  If the cached related model objects already exist in the db, saves them (so that the DB
+	 * is consistent) Especially useful in case we JUST added this model object ot the database and we want to let its
+	 * cached relations with foreign keys to it know about that change. Eg: we've created a transaction but haven't
+	 * saved it to the db. We also create a registration and don't save it to the DB, but we DO cache it on the
+	 * transaction. Now, when we save the transaction, the registration's TXN_ID will be automatically updated, whether
+	 * or not they exist in the DB (if they do, their DB records will be automatically updated)
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function _update_cached_related_model_objs_fks()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Has_Many_Relation) {
+				foreach ($this->get_all_from_cache($relation_name) as $related_model_obj_in_cache) {
+					$fk_to_this = $related_model_obj_in_cache->get_model()->get_foreign_key_to(
+						$model->get_this_model_name()
+					);
+					$related_model_obj_in_cache->set($fk_to_this->get_name(), $this->ID());
+					if ($related_model_obj_in_cache->ID()) {
+						$related_model_obj_in_cache->save();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Saves this model object and its NEW cached relations to the database.
+	 * (Meaning, for now, IT DOES NOT WORK if the cached items already exist in the DB.
+	 * In order for that to work, we would need to mark model objects as dirty/clean...
+	 * because otherwise, there's a potential for infinite looping of saving
+	 * Saves the cached related model objects, and ensures the relation between them
+	 * and this object and properly setup
+	 *
+	 * @return int ID of new model object on save; 0 on failure+
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function save_new_cached_related_model_objs()
+	{
+		// make sure this has been saved
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$id = $this->save();
+		} else {
+			$id = $this->ID();
+		}
+		// now save all the NEW cached model objects  (ie they don't exist in the DB)
+		foreach ($this->get_model()->relation_settings() as $relationName => $relationObj) {
+			if ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ]) {
+				// is this a relation where we should expect just ONE related object (ie, EE_Belongs_To_relation)
+				// or MANY related objects (ie, EE_HABTM_Relation or EE_Has_Many_Relation)?
+				/* @var $related_model_obj EE_Base_Class */
+				if ($relationObj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+					// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+					// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+					$related_model_obj = $this->_model_relations[ $relationName ];
+					// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+					$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+					$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+					// }
+				} else {
+					foreach ($this->_model_relations[ $relationName ] as $related_model_obj) {
+						// add a relation to that relation type (which saves the appropriate thing in the process)
+						// but ONLY if it DOES NOT exist in the DB
+						// if( ! $related_model_obj->ID()){
+						$this->_add_relation_to($related_model_obj, $relationName);
+						$related_model_obj->save_new_cached_related_model_objs();
+						// }
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $id;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * for getting a model while instantiated.
+	 *
+	 * @return EEM_Base | EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_model()
+	{
+		if (! $this->_model) {
+			$modelName = self::_get_model_classname(get_class($this));
+			$this->_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $this->_timezone);
+		} else {
+			$this->_model->set_timezone($this->_timezone);
+		}
+		return $this->_model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $props_n_values
+	 * @param $classname
+	 * @return mixed bool|EE_Base_Class|EEM_CPT_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_object_from_entity_mapper($props_n_values, $classname)
+	{
+		// TODO: will not work for Term_Relationships because they have no PK!
+		$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+		if (
+			array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+			&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+		) {
+			$id = $props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ];
+			return self::_get_model($classname)->get_from_entity_map($id);
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This is called by child static "new_instance" method and we'll check to see if there is an existing db entry for
+	 * the primary key (if present in incoming values). If there is a key in the incoming array that matches the
+	 * primary key for the model AND it is not null, then we check the db. If there's a an object we return it.  If not
+	 * we return false.
+	 *
+	 * @param  array  $props_n_values   incoming array of properties and their values
+	 * @param  string $classname        the classname of the child class
+	 * @param null    $timezone
+	 * @param array   $date_formats     incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                  date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return mixed (EE_Base_Class|bool)
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected static function _check_for_object($props_n_values, $classname, $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$existing = null;
+		$model = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone);
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			$primary_id_ref = self::_get_primary_key_name($classname);
+			if (
+				array_key_exists($primary_id_ref, $props_n_values)
+				&& ! empty($props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ])
+			) {
+				$existing = $model->get_one_by_ID(
+					$props_n_values[ $primary_id_ref ]
+				);
+			}
+		} elseif ($model->has_all_combined_primary_key_fields($props_n_values)) {
+			// no primary key on this model, but there's still a matching item in the DB
+			$existing = self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)->get_one_by_ID(
+				self::_get_model($classname, $timezone)
+					->get_index_primary_key_string($props_n_values)
+			);
+		}
+		if ($existing) {
+			// set date formats if present before setting values
+			if (! empty($date_formats) && is_array($date_formats)) {
+				$existing->set_date_format($date_formats[0]);
+				$existing->set_time_format($date_formats[1]);
+			} else {
+				// set default formats for date and time
+				$existing->set_date_format(get_option('date_format'));
+				$existing->set_time_format(get_option('time_format'));
+			}
+			foreach ($props_n_values as $property => $field_value) {
+				$existing->set($property, $field_value);
+			}
+			return $existing;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the EEM_*_Model for this class
+	 *
+	 * @access public now, as this is more convenient
+	 * @param      $classname
+	 * @param null $timezone
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model($classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		// find model for this class
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						'What were you thinking calling _get_model(%s)?? You need to specify the class name',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$modelName = self::_get_model_classname($classname);
+		return self::_get_model_instance_with_name($modelName, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the model instance (eg instance of EEM_Attendee) given its classname (eg EE_Attendee)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $model_classname
+	 * @param null   $timezone
+	 * @return EEM_Base
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_model_instance_with_name($model_classname, $timezone = null)
+	{
+		$model_classname = str_replace('EEM_', '', $model_classname);
+		$model = EE_Registry::instance()->load_model($model_classname);
+		$model->set_timezone($timezone);
+		return $model;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * If a model name is provided (eg Registration), gets the model classname for that model.
+	 * Also works if a model class's classname is provided (eg EE_Registration).
+	 *
+	 * @param null $model_name
+	 * @return string like EEM_Attendee
+	 */
+	private static function _get_model_classname($model_name = null)
+	{
+		if (strpos($model_name, 'EE_') === 0) {
+			$model_classname = str_replace('EE_', 'EEM_', $model_name);
+		} else {
+			$model_classname = 'EEM_' . $model_name;
+		}
+		return $model_classname;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns the name of the primary key attribute
+	 *
+	 * @param null $classname
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected static function _get_primary_key_name($classname = null)
+	{
+		if (! $classname) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__('What were you thinking calling _get_primary_key_name(%s)', 'event_espresso'),
+					$classname
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return self::_get_model($classname)->get_primary_key_field()->get_name();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the value of the primary key.
+	 * If the object hasn't yet been saved, it should be whatever the model field's default was
+	 * (eg, if this were the EE_Event class, look at the primary key field on EEM_Event and see what its default value
+	 * is. Usually defaults for integer primary keys are 0; string primary keys are usually NULL).
+	 *
+	 * @return mixed, if the primary key is of type INT it'll be an int. Otherwise it could be a string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function ID()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// now that we know the name of the variable, use a variable variable to get its value and return its
+		if ($model->has_primary_key_field()) {
+			return $this->_fields[ $model->primary_key_name() ];
+		}
+		return $model->get_index_primary_key_string($this->_fields);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param EE_Base_Class|int|string $otherModelObjectOrID
+	 * @param string                   $relationName
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @since   $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function hasRelation($otherModelObjectOrID, string $relationName): bool
+	{
+		$other_model = self::_get_model_instance_with_name(
+			self::_get_model_classname($relationName),
+			$this->_timezone
+		);
+		$primary_key = $other_model->primary_key_name();
+		/** @var EE_Base_Class $otherModelObject */
+		$otherModelObject = $other_model->ensure_is_obj($otherModelObjectOrID, $relationName);
+		return $this->count_related($relationName, [[$primary_key => $otherModelObject->ID()]]) > 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationship's name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Event', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just caches the related thing
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID       EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object
+	 * @param string $relationName                     eg 'Events','Question',etc.
+	 *                                                 an attendee to a group, you also want to specify which role they
+	 *                                                 will have in that group. So you would use this parameter to
+	 *                                                 specify array('role-column-name'=>'role-id')
+	 * @param array  $extra_join_model_fields_n_values You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that
+	 *                                                 allow you to further constrict the relation to being added.
+	 *                                                 However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a
+	 *                                                 column on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models
+	 *                                                 accept these additional conditions.  Also remember that if an
+	 *                                                 exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then a
+	 *                                                 NEW row is created in the join table.
+	 * @param null   $cache_id
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the object the relation was added to
+	 */
+	public function _add_relation_to(
+		$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+		$relationName,
+		$extra_join_model_fields_n_values = array(),
+		$cache_id = null
+	) {
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		// if this thing exists in the DB, save the relation to the DB
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$otherObject = $model->add_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$extra_join_model_fields_n_values
+			);
+			// clear cache so future get_many_related and get_first_related() return new results.
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, $otherObject, true);
+			if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this thing doesn't exist in the DB,  so just cache it
+			if (! $otherObjectModelObjectOrID instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Before a model object is saved to the database, calls to _add_relation_to must be passed an actual object, not just an ID. You provided %s as the model object to a %s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+						get_class($this)
+					)
+				);
+			}
+			$otherObject = $otherObjectModelObjectOrID;
+			$this->cache($relationName, $otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $cache_id);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			// fix the reciprocal relation too
+			if ($otherObject->ID()) {
+				// its saved so assumed relations exist in the DB, so we can just
+				// clear the cache so future queries use the updated info in the DB
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$model->get_this_model_name(),
+					null,
+					true
+				);
+			} else {
+				// it's not saved, so it caches relations like this
+				$otherObject->cache($model->get_this_model_name(), $this);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a relationship to the specified EE_Base_Class object, given the relationships' name. Eg, if the current
+	 * model is related to a group of events, the $relationName should be 'Events', and should be a key in the EE
+	 * Model's $_model_relations array. If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just removes the related thing
+	 * from the cache
+	 *
+	 * @param mixed  $otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+	 *                EE_Base_Class or the ID of the other object, OR an array key into the cache if this isn't saved
+	 *                to the DB yet
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query
+	 *                You can optionally include an array of key=>value pairs that allow you to further constrict the
+	 *                relation to being added. However, keep in mind that the columns (keys) given must match a column
+	 *                on the JOIN table and currently only the HABTM models accept these additional conditions. Also
+	 *                remember that if an exact match isn't found for these extra cols/val pairs, then no row is
+	 *                deleted.
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class the relation was removed from
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relation_to($otherObjectModelObjectOrID, $relationName, $where_query = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObject = $this->get_model()->remove_relationship_to(
+				$this,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObject
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObject = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				$otherObjectModelObjectOrID
+			);
+		}
+		if ($otherObject instanceof EE_Base_Class) {
+			$otherObject->clear_cache(
+				$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+				$this
+			);
+		}
+		return $otherObject;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes ALL the related things for the $relationName.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $where_query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function _remove_relations($relationName, $where_query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// if this exists in the DB, save the relation change to the DB too
+			$otherObjects = $this->get_model()->remove_relations(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$where_query_params
+			);
+			$this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, just remove it from the cache
+			$otherObjects = $this->clear_cache(
+				$relationName,
+				null,
+				true
+			);
+		}
+		if (is_array($otherObjects)) {
+			foreach ($otherObjects as $otherObject) {
+				$otherObject->clear_cache(
+					$this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					$this
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $otherObjects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the related model objects of the specified type. Eg, if the current class if
+	 * EE_Event, you could call $this->get_many_related('Registration') to get an array of all the
+	 * EE_Registration objects which related to this event. Note: by default, we remove the "default query params"
+	 * because we want to get even deleted items etc.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md#0-where-conditions
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]     Results not necessarily indexed by IDs, because some results might not have primary
+	 *                             keys or might not be saved yet. Consider using EEM_Base::get_IDs() on these
+	 *                             results if you want IDs
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_many_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			// this exists in the DB, so get the related things from either the cache or the DB
+			// if there are query parameters, forget about caching the related model objects.
+			if ($query_params) {
+				$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// did we already cache the result of this query?
+				$cached_results = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_results) {
+					$related_model_objects = $this->get_model()->get_all_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					// if no query parameters were passed, then we got all the related model objects
+					// for that relation. We can cache them then.
+					foreach ($related_model_objects as $related_model_object) {
+						$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+					}
+				} else {
+					$related_model_objects = $cached_results;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB, so just get the related things from the cache
+			$related_model_objects = $this->get_all_from_cache($relationName);
+		}
+		return $related_model_objects;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply counts them. Ignores default_where_conditions by default,
+	 * unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name  model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params   @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_count name of field to count by. By default, uses primary key
+	 * @param bool   $distinct       if we want to only count the distinct values for the column then you can trigger
+	 *                               that by the setting $distinct to TRUE;
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function count_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_count = null, $distinct = false)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->count_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_count,
+			$distinct
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Instead of getting the related model objects, simply sums up the values of the specified field.
+	 * Note: ignores default_where_conditions by default, unless otherwise specified in the $query_params
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relation_name model_name like 'Event', or 'Registration'
+	 * @param array  $query_params  @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @param string $field_to_sum  name of field to count by.
+	 *                              By default, uses primary key
+	 *                              (which doesn't make much sense, so you should probably change it)
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function sum_related($relation_name, $query_params = array(), $field_to_sum = null)
+	{
+		return $this->get_model()->sum_related(
+			$this,
+			$relation_name,
+			$query_params,
+			$field_to_sum
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first (ie, one) related model object of the specified type.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName key in the model's _model_relations array
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class (not an array, a single object)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_first_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		if ($this->ID()) {// this exists in the DB, get from the cache OR the DB
+			// if they've provided some query parameters, don't bother trying to cache the result
+			// also make sure we're not caching the result of get_first_related
+			// on a relation which should have an array of objects (because the cache might have an array of objects)
+			if (
+				$query_params
+				|| ! $model->related_settings_for($relationName)
+					 instanceof
+					 EE_Belongs_To_Relation
+			) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			} else {
+				// first, check if we've already cached the result of this query
+				$cached_result = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+				if (! $cached_result) {
+					$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+						$this,
+						$relationName,
+						$query_params
+					);
+					$this->cache($relationName, $related_model_object);
+				} else {
+					$related_model_object = $cached_result;
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$related_model_object = null;
+			// this doesn't exist in the Db,
+			// but maybe the relation is of type belongs to, and so the related thing might
+			if ($model->related_settings_for($relationName) instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$related_model_object = $model->get_first_related(
+					$this,
+					$relationName,
+					$query_params
+				);
+			}
+			// this doesn't exist in the DB and apparently the thing it belongs to doesn't either,
+			// just get what's cached on this object
+			if (! $related_model_object) {
+				$related_model_object = $this->get_one_from_cache($relationName);
+			}
+		}
+		return $related_model_object;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a delete on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) does nothing. If the related model objects are
+	 * soft-deletable, they will be soft-deleted regardless of related blocking model objects.
+	 * If this model object doesn't exist yet in the DB, just removes its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int how many deleted
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+			$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		}
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Does a hard delete (ie, removes the DB row) on all related objects of type $relationName and removes
+	 * the current model object's relation to them. If they can't be deleted (because
+	 * of blocking related model objects) just does a soft delete on it instead, if possible.
+	 * If the related thing isn't a soft-deletable model object, this function is identical
+	 * to delete_related(). If this model object doesn't exist in the DB, just remove its related things
+	 *
+	 * @param string $relationName
+	 * @param array  $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int how many deleted (including those soft deleted)
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function delete_related_permanently($relationName, $query_params = array())
+	{
+		if ($this->ID()) {
+			$count = $this->get_model()->delete_related_permanently(
+				$this,
+				$relationName,
+				$query_params
+			);
+		} else {
+			$count = count($this->get_all_from_cache($relationName));
+		}
+		$this->clear_cache($relationName, null, true);
+		return $count;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * is_set
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property exists
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @param  string $field_name property to check
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing,FALSE if not.
+	 */
+	public function is_set($field_name)
+	{
+		return isset($this->_fields[ $field_name ]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Just a simple utility function children can use for checking if property (or properties) exists and throwing an
+	 * EE_Error exception if they don't
+	 *
+	 * @param  mixed (string|array) $properties properties to check
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return bool                              TRUE if existing, throw EE_Error if not.
+	 */
+	protected function _property_exists($properties)
+	{
+		foreach ((array) $properties as $property_name) {
+			// first make sure this property exists
+			if (! $this->_fields[ $property_name ]) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to retrieve a non-existent property (%s).  Double check the spelling please',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$property_name
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply returns an array of model fields for this object
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function model_field_array()
+	{
+		$fields = $this->get_model()->field_settings(false);
+		$properties = array();
+		// remove prepended underscore
+		foreach ($fields as $field_name => $settings) {
+			$properties[ $field_name ] = $this->get($field_name);
+		}
+		return $properties;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Very handy general function to allow for plugins to extend any child of EE_Base_Class.
+	 * If a method is called on a child of EE_Base_Class that doesn't exist, this function is called
+	 * (http://www.garfieldtech.com/blog/php-magic-call) and passed the method's name and arguments.
+	 * Instead of requiring a plugin to extend the EE_Base_Class
+	 * (which works fine is there's only 1 plugin, but when will that happen?)
+	 * they can add a hook onto 'filters_hook_espresso__{className}__{methodName}'
+	 * (eg, filters_hook_espresso__EE_Answer__my_great_function)
+	 * and accepts 2 arguments: the object on which the function was called,
+	 * and an array of the original arguments passed to the function.
+	 * Whatever their callback function returns will be returned by this function.
+	 * Example: in functions.php (or in a plugin):
+	 *      add_filter('FHEE__EE_Answer__my_callback','my_callback',10,3);
+	 *      function my_callback($previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class $object,$argsArray){
+	 *          $returnString= "you called my_callback! and passed args:".implode(",",$argsArray);
+	 *          return $previousReturnValue.$returnString;
+	 *      }
+	 * require('EE_Answer.class.php');
+	 * $answer= EE_Answer::new_instance(array('REG_ID' => 2,'QST_ID' => 3,'ANS_value' => The answer is 42'));
+	 * echo $answer->my_callback('monkeys',100);
+	 * //will output "you called my_callback! and passed args:monkeys,100"
+	 *
+	 * @param string $methodName name of method which was called on a child of EE_Base_Class, but which
+	 * @param array  $args       array of original arguments passed to the function
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @return mixed whatever the plugin which calls add_filter decides
+	 */
+	public function __call($methodName, $args)
+	{
+		$className = get_class($this);
+		$tagName = "FHEE__{$className}__{$methodName}";
+		if (! has_filter($tagName)) {
+			throw new EE_Error(
+				sprintf(
+					esc_html__(
+						"Method %s on class %s does not exist! You can create one with the following code in functions.php or in a plugin: add_filter('%s','my_callback',10,3);function my_callback(\$previousReturnValue,EE_Base_Class \$object, \$argsArray){/*function body*/return \$whatever;}",
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$methodName,
+					$className,
+					$tagName
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		return apply_filters($tagName, null, $this, $args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Similar to insert_post_meta, adds a record in the Extra_Meta model's table with the given key and value.
+	 * A $previous_value can be specified in case there are many meta rows with the same key
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @param mixed  $previous_value
+	 * @return bool|int # of records updated (or BOOLEAN if we actually ended up inserting the extra meta row)
+	 *                  NOTE: if the values haven't changed, returns 0
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function update_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $previous_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($previous_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		$existing_rows_like_that = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+		if (! $existing_rows_like_that) {
+			return $this->add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value);
+		}
+		foreach ($existing_rows_like_that as $existing_row) {
+			$existing_row->save(array('EXM_value' => $meta_value));
+		}
+		return count($existing_rows_like_that);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a new extra meta record. If $unique is set to TRUE, we'll first double-check
+	 * no other extra meta for this model object have the same key. Returns TRUE if the
+	 * extra meta row was entered, false if not
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed   $meta_value
+	 * @param boolean $unique
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false)
+	{
+		if ($unique) {
+			$existing_extra_meta = EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->get_one(
+				array(
+					array(
+						'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+						'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+						'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+					),
+				)
+			);
+			if ($existing_extra_meta) {
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		$new_extra_meta = EE_Extra_Meta::new_instance(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'   => $meta_key,
+				'EXM_value' => $meta_value,
+				'OBJ_ID'    => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type'  => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			)
+		);
+		$new_extra_meta->save();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes all the extra meta rows for this record as specified by key. If $meta_value
+	 * is specified, only deletes extra meta records with that value.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $meta_key
+	 * @param mixed  $meta_value
+	 * @return int number of extra meta rows deleted
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function delete_extra_meta($meta_key, $meta_value = null)
+	{
+		$query_params = array(
+			array(
+				'EXM_key'  => $meta_key,
+				'OBJ_ID'   => $this->ID(),
+				'EXM_type' => $this->get_model()->get_this_model_name(),
+			),
+		);
+		if ($meta_value !== null) {
+			$query_params[0]['EXM_value'] = $meta_value;
+		}
+		return EEM_Extra_Meta::instance()->delete($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the extra meta with the given meta key. If you specify "single" we just return 1, otherwise
+	 * an array of everything found. Requires that this model actually have a relation of type EE_Has_Many_Any_Relation.
+	 * You can specify $default is case you haven't found the extra meta
+	 *
+	 * @param string  $meta_key
+	 * @param boolean $single
+	 * @param mixed   $default if we don't find anything, what should we return?
+	 * @return mixed single value if $single; array if ! $single
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_extra_meta($meta_key, $single = false, $default = null)
+	{
+		if ($single) {
+			$result = $this->get_first_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+				return $result->value();
+			}
+		} else {
+			$results = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array(array('EXM_key' => $meta_key))
+			);
+			if ($results) {
+				$values = array();
+				foreach ($results as $result) {
+					if ($result instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+						$values[ $result->ID() ] = $result->value();
+					}
+				}
+				return $values;
+			}
+		}
+		// if nothing discovered yet return default.
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE__EE_Base_Class__get_extra_meta__default_value',
+			$default,
+			$meta_key,
+			$single,
+			$this
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns a simple array of all the extra meta associated with this model object.
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is true (Default), it will be an array of simple key-value pairs, keys being the
+	 * extra meta's key, and teh value being its value. However, if there are duplicate extra meta rows with
+	 * the same key, only one will be used. (eg array('foo'=>'bar','monkey'=>123))
+	 * If $one_of_each_key is false, it will return an array with the top-level keys being
+	 * the extra meta keys, but their values are also arrays, which have the extra-meta's ID as their sub-key, and
+	 * finally the extra meta's value as each sub-value. (eg
+	 * array('foo'=>array(1=>'bar',2=>'bill'),'monkey'=>array(3=>123)))
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $one_of_each_key
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function all_extra_meta_array($one_of_each_key = true)
+	{
+		$return_array = array();
+		if ($one_of_each_key) {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related(
+				'Extra_Meta',
+				array('group_by' => 'EXM_key')
+			);
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			$extra_meta_objs = $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta');
+			foreach ($extra_meta_objs as $extra_meta_obj) {
+				if ($extra_meta_obj instanceof EE_Extra_Meta) {
+					if (! isset($return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ])) {
+						$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ] = array();
+					}
+					$return_array[ $extra_meta_obj->key() ][ $extra_meta_obj->ID() ] = $extra_meta_obj->value();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return $return_array;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets a pretty nice displayable nice for this model object. Often overridden
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		// find a field that's not a text field
+		$field_we_can_use = $this->get_model()->get_a_field_of_type('EE_Text_Field_Base');
+		if ($field_we_can_use) {
+			return $this->get($field_we_can_use->get_name());
+		}
+		$first_few_properties = $this->model_field_array();
+		$first_few_properties = array_slice($first_few_properties, 0, 3);
+		$name_parts = array();
+		foreach ($first_few_properties as $name => $value) {
+			$name_parts[] = "$name:$value";
+		}
+		return implode(',', $name_parts);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * in_entity_map
+	 * Checks if this model object has been proven to already be in the entity map
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function in_entity_map()
+	{
+		// well, if we looked, did we find it in the entity map?
+		return $this->ID() && $this->get_model()->get_from_entity_map($this->ID()) === $this;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * refresh_from_db
+	 * Makes sure the fields and values on this model object are in-sync with what's in the database.
+	 *
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error if this model object isn't in the entity mapper (because then you should
+	 * just use what's in the entity mapper and refresh it) and WP_DEBUG is TRUE
+	 */
+	public function refresh_from_db()
+	{
+		if ($this->ID() && $this->in_entity_map()) {
+			$this->get_model()->refresh_entity_map_from_db($this->ID());
+		} else {
+			// if it doesn't have ID, you shouldn't be asking to refresh it from teh database (because its not in the database)
+			// if it has an ID but it's not in the map, and you're asking me to refresh it
+			// that's kinda dangerous. You should just use what's in the entity map, or add this to the entity map if there's
+			// absolutely nothing in it for this ID
+			if (WP_DEBUG) {
+				throw new EE_Error(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'Trying to refresh a model object with ID "%1$s" that\'s not in the entity map? First off: you should put it in the entity map by calling %2$s. Second off, if you want what\'s in the database right now, you should just call %3$s yourself and discard this model object.',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$this->ID(),
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->add_to_entity_map()',
+						get_class($this->get_model()) . '::instance()->refresh_entity_map()'
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Change $fields' values to $new_value_sql (which is a string of raw SQL)
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param EE_Model_Field_Base[] $fields
+	 * @param string $new_value_sql
+	 *      example: 'column_name=123',
+	 *      or 'column_name=column_name+1',
+	 *      or 'column_name= CASE
+	 *          WHEN (`column_name` + `other_column` + 5) <= `yet_another_column`
+	 *          THEN `column_name` + 5
+	 *          ELSE `column_name`
+	 *      END'
+	 *      Also updates $field on this model object with the latest value from the database.
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	protected function updateFieldsInDB($fields, $new_value_sql)
+	{
+		// First make sure this model object actually exists in the DB. It would be silly to try to update it in the DB
+		// if it wasn't even there to start off.
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			$this->save();
+		}
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (empty($fields)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+				esc_html__(
+					'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed an empty array of fields.',
+					'event_espresso'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$first_field = reset($fields);
+		$table_alias = $first_field->get_table_alias();
+		foreach ($fields as $field) {
+			if ($table_alias !== $field->get_table_alias()) {
+				throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
+							'EE_Base_Class::updateFieldsInDB was passed fields for different tables ("%1$s" and "%2$s"), which is not supported. Instead, please call the method multiple times.',
+							// @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						$table_alias,
+						$field->get_table_alias()
+					)
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		// Ok the fields are now known to all be for the same table. Proceed with creating the SQL to update it.
+		$table_obj = $this->get_model()->get_table_obj_by_alias($table_alias);
+		$table_pk_value = $this->ID();
+		$table_name = $table_obj->get_table_name();
+		if ($table_obj instanceof EE_Secondary_Table) {
+			$table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_fk_on_table();
+		} else {
+			$table_pk_field_name = $table_obj->get_pk_column();
+		}
+
+		$query =
+			"UPDATE `{$table_name}`
             SET "
-            . $new_value_sql
-            . $wpdb->prepare(
-                "
+			. $new_value_sql
+			. $wpdb->prepare(
+				"
             WHERE `{$table_pk_field_name}` = %d;",
-                $table_pk_value
-            );
-        $result = $wpdb->query($query);
-        foreach ($fields as $field) {
-            // If it was successful, we'd like to know the new value.
-            // If it failed, we'd also like to know the new value.
-            $new_value = $this->get_model()->get_var(
-                $this->get_model()->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
-                    $this->get_model()->get_index_primary_key_string(
-                        $this->model_field_array()
-                    ),
-                    array(
-                        'default_where_conditions' => 'minimum',
-                    )
-                ),
-                $field->get_name()
-            );
-            $this->set_from_db(
-                $field->get_name(),
-                $new_value
-            );
-        }
-        return (bool) $result;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Nudges $field_name's value by $quantity, without any conditionals (in comparison to bumpConditionally()).
-     * Does not allow negative values, however.
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     * @param array $fields_n_quantities keys are the field names, and values are the amount by which to bump them
-     *                                   (positive or negative). One important gotcha: all these values must be
-     *                                   on the same table (eg don't pass in one field for the posts table and
-     *                                   another for the event meta table.)
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function adjustNumericFieldsInDb(array $fields_n_quantities)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        if (empty($fields_n_quantities)) {
-            // No fields to update? Well sure, we updated them to that value just fine.
-            return true;
-        }
-        $fields = [];
-        $set_sql_statements = [];
-        foreach ($fields_n_quantities as $field_name => $quantity) {
-            $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name, true);
-            $fields[] = $field;
-            $column_name = $field->get_table_column();
-
-            $abs_qty = absint($quantity);
-            if ($quantity > 0) {
-                // don't let the value be negative as often these fields are unsigned
-                $set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
-                    "`{$column_name}` = `{$column_name}` + %d",
-                    $abs_qty
-                );
-            } else {
-                $set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
-                    "`{$column_name}` = CASE
+				$table_pk_value
+			);
+		$result = $wpdb->query($query);
+		foreach ($fields as $field) {
+			// If it was successful, we'd like to know the new value.
+			// If it failed, we'd also like to know the new value.
+			$new_value = $this->get_model()->get_var(
+				$this->get_model()->alter_query_params_to_restrict_by_ID(
+					$this->get_model()->get_index_primary_key_string(
+						$this->model_field_array()
+					),
+					array(
+						'default_where_conditions' => 'minimum',
+					)
+				),
+				$field->get_name()
+			);
+			$this->set_from_db(
+				$field->get_name(),
+				$new_value
+			);
+		}
+		return (bool) $result;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Nudges $field_name's value by $quantity, without any conditionals (in comparison to bumpConditionally()).
+	 * Does not allow negative values, however.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param array $fields_n_quantities keys are the field names, and values are the amount by which to bump them
+	 *                                   (positive or negative). One important gotcha: all these values must be
+	 *                                   on the same table (eg don't pass in one field for the posts table and
+	 *                                   another for the event meta table.)
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function adjustNumericFieldsInDb(array $fields_n_quantities)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		if (empty($fields_n_quantities)) {
+			// No fields to update? Well sure, we updated them to that value just fine.
+			return true;
+		}
+		$fields = [];
+		$set_sql_statements = [];
+		foreach ($fields_n_quantities as $field_name => $quantity) {
+			$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name, true);
+			$fields[] = $field;
+			$column_name = $field->get_table_column();
+
+			$abs_qty = absint($quantity);
+			if ($quantity > 0) {
+				// don't let the value be negative as often these fields are unsigned
+				$set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
+					"`{$column_name}` = `{$column_name}` + %d",
+					$abs_qty
+				);
+			} else {
+				$set_sql_statements[] = $wpdb->prepare(
+					"`{$column_name}` = CASE
                        WHEN (`{$column_name}` >= %d)
                        THEN `{$column_name}` - %d
                        ELSE 0
                     END",
-                    $abs_qty,
-                    $abs_qty
-                );
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
-            $fields,
-            implode(', ', $set_sql_statements)
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Increases the value of the field $field_name_to_bump by $quantity, but only if the values of
-     * $field_name_to_bump plus $field_name_affecting_total and $quantity won't exceed $limit_field_name's value.
-     * For example, this is useful when bumping the value of TKT_reserved, TKT_sold, DTT_reserved or DTT_sold.
-     * Returns true if the value was successfully bumped, and updates the value on this model object.
-     * Otherwise returns false.
-     *
-     * @since 4.9.80.p
-     * @param string $field_name_to_bump
-     * @param string $field_name_affecting_total
-     * @param string $limit_field_name
-     * @param int    $quantity
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function incrementFieldConditionallyInDb($field_name_to_bump, $field_name_affecting_total, $limit_field_name, $quantity)
-    {
-        global $wpdb;
-        $field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_to_bump, true);
-        $column_name = $field->get_table_column();
-
-        $field_affecting_total = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_affecting_total, true);
-        $column_affecting_total = $field_affecting_total->get_table_column();
-
-        $limiting_field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($limit_field_name, true);
-        $limiting_column = $limiting_field->get_table_column();
-        return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
-            [$field],
-            $wpdb->prepare(
-                "`{$column_name}` =
+					$abs_qty,
+					$abs_qty
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
+			$fields,
+			implode(', ', $set_sql_statements)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Increases the value of the field $field_name_to_bump by $quantity, but only if the values of
+	 * $field_name_to_bump plus $field_name_affecting_total and $quantity won't exceed $limit_field_name's value.
+	 * For example, this is useful when bumping the value of TKT_reserved, TKT_sold, DTT_reserved or DTT_sold.
+	 * Returns true if the value was successfully bumped, and updates the value on this model object.
+	 * Otherwise returns false.
+	 *
+	 * @since 4.9.80.p
+	 * @param string $field_name_to_bump
+	 * @param string $field_name_affecting_total
+	 * @param string $limit_field_name
+	 * @param int    $quantity
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function incrementFieldConditionallyInDb($field_name_to_bump, $field_name_affecting_total, $limit_field_name, $quantity)
+	{
+		global $wpdb;
+		$field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_to_bump, true);
+		$column_name = $field->get_table_column();
+
+		$field_affecting_total = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($field_name_affecting_total, true);
+		$column_affecting_total = $field_affecting_total->get_table_column();
+
+		$limiting_field = $this->get_model()->field_settings_for($limit_field_name, true);
+		$limiting_column = $limiting_field->get_table_column();
+		return $this->updateFieldsInDB(
+			[$field],
+			$wpdb->prepare(
+				"`{$column_name}` =
             CASE
                WHEN ((`{$column_name}` + `{$column_affecting_total}` + %d) <= `{$limiting_column}`) OR `{$limiting_column}` = %d
                THEN `{$column_name}` + %d
                ELSE `{$column_name}`
             END",
-                $quantity,
-                EE_INF_IN_DB,
-                $quantity
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
-     * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function __toString()
-    {
-        try {
-            return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
-        } catch (Exception $e) {
-            EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
-            return '';
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
-     * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
-     * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
-     * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
-     * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
-     * Eg, the following won't work:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $reg->attendee()->save();
-     * And would need to be replace with:
-     * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
-     * $att = $reg->attendee();
-     * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
-     * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
-     * //END REQUEST
-     * //START NEXT REQUEST
-     * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
-     * $att->save();
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function __sleep()
-    {
-        $model = $this->get_model();
-        foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
-            if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
-                $classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
-                if (
-                    $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
-                    && $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                ) {
-                    $this->clear_cache(
-                        $relation_name,
-                        $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
-        $properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
-        // don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
-        unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
-        return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
-     * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
-     * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
-     * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
-     */
-    public function __wakeup()
-    {
-        $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
-     * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
-     */
-    public function __clone()
-    {
-        // handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
-        foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
-            if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
-                $this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+				$quantity,
+				EE_INF_IN_DB,
+				$quantity
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Because some other plugins, like Advanced Cron Manager, expect all objects to have this method
+	 * (probably a bad assumption they have made, oh well)
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function __toString()
+	{
+		try {
+			return sprintf('%s (%s)', $this->name(), $this->ID());
+		} catch (Exception $e) {
+			EE_Error::add_error($e->getMessage(), __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+			return '';
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Clear related model objects if they're already in the DB, because otherwise when we
+	 * UN-serialize this model object we'll need to be careful to add them to the entity map.
+	 * This means if we have made changes to those related model objects, and want to unserialize
+	 * the this model object on a subsequent request, changes to those related model objects will be lost.
+	 * Instead, those related model objects should be directly serialized and stored.
+	 * Eg, the following won't work:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $reg = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $reg->attendee()->save();
+	 * And would need to be replace with:
+	 * $reg = EEM_Registration::instance()->get_one_by_ID( 123 );
+	 * $att = $reg->attendee();
+	 * $att->set( 'ATT_fname', 'Dirk' );
+	 * update_option( 'my_option', serialize( $reg ) );
+	 * //END REQUEST
+	 * //START NEXT REQUEST
+	 * $att = get_option( 'my_option' );
+	 * $att->save();
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function __sleep()
+	{
+		$model = $this->get_model();
+		foreach ($model->relation_settings() as $relation_name => $relation_obj) {
+			if ($relation_obj instanceof EE_Belongs_To_Relation) {
+				$classname = 'EE_' . $model->get_this_model_name();
+				if (
+					$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name) instanceof $classname
+					&& $this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+				) {
+					$this->clear_cache(
+						$relation_name,
+						$this->get_one_from_cache($relation_name)->ID()
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = array();
+		$properties_to_serialize = get_object_vars($this);
+		// don't serialize the model. It's big and that risks recursion
+		unset($properties_to_serialize['_model']);
+		return array_keys($properties_to_serialize);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * restore _props_n_values_provided_in_constructor
+	 * PLZ NOTE: this will reset the array to whatever fields values were present prior to serialization,
+	 * and therefore should NOT be used to determine if state change has occurred since initial construction.
+	 * At best, you would only be able to detect if state change has occurred during THIS request.
+	 */
+	public function __wakeup()
+	{
+		$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor = $this->_fields;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Usage of this magic method is to ensure any internally cached references to object instances that must remain
+	 * distinct with the clone host instance are also cloned.
+	 */
+	public function __clone()
+	{
+		// handle DateTimes (this is handled in here because there's no one specific child class that uses datetimes).
+		foreach ($this->_fields as $field => $value) {
+			if ($value instanceof DateTime) {
+				$this->_fields[ $field ] = clone $value;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Event.class.php

Indentation +1560 added lines, -1560 removed lines

@@ -16,1564 +16,1564 @@
  */
 class EE_Event extends EE_CPT_Base implements EEI_Line_Item_Object, EEI_Admin_Links, EEI_Has_Icon, EEI_Event
 {
-    /**
-     * cached value for the the logical active status for the event
-     *
-     * @see get_active_status()
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $_active_status = '';
-
-    /**
-     * This is just used for caching the Primary Datetime for the Event on initial retrieval
-     *
-     * @var EE_Datetime
-     */
-    protected $_Primary_Datetime;
-
-    /**
-     * @var EventSpacesCalculator $available_spaces_calculator
-     */
-    protected $available_spaces_calculator;
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Event
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return EventSpacesCalculator
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator()
-    {
-        if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
-            $this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
-        }
-        return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parent set() method so that all calls to set( 'status', $status ) can be routed to internal methods
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param mixed  $field_value
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        switch ($field_name) {
-            case 'status':
-                $this->set_status($field_value, $use_default);
-                break;
-            default:
-                parent::set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    set_status
-     * Checks if event status is being changed to SOLD OUT
-     * and updates event meta data with previous event status
-     * so that we can revert things if/when the event is no longer sold out
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $new_status
-     * @param bool   $use_default
-     * @return void
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function set_status($new_status = null, $use_default = false)
-    {
-        // if nothing is set, and we aren't explicitly wanting to reset the status, then just leave
-        if (empty($new_status) && ! $use_default) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // get current Event status
-        $old_status = $this->status();
-        // if status has changed
-        if ($old_status !== $new_status) {
-            // TO sold_out
-            if ($new_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                // save the previous event status so that we can revert if the event is no longer sold out
-                $this->add_post_meta('_previous_event_status', $old_status);
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__to_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
-            // OR FROM  sold_out
-            } elseif ($old_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                $this->delete_post_meta('_previous_event_status');
-                do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__from_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
-            }
-            // clear out the active status so that it gets reset the next time it is requested
-            $this->_active_status = null;
-            // update status
-            parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
-            do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__after_update', $this);
-            return;
-        }
-        // even though the old value matches the new value, it's still good to
-        // allow the parent set method to have a say
-        parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event that are currently ACTIVE,
-     * meaning the datetime has started and has not yet ended.
-     *
-     * @param int|null $start_date      timestamp to use for event date start time, defaults to NOW unless set to null
-     * @param array|null $query_params  will recursively replace default values
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     */
-    public function activeDatetimes(?int $start_date = 0, ?array $query_params = []): array
-    {
-        $where = [];
-        if ($start_date !== null) {
-            $start_date = $start_date ?: time();
-            $where['DTT_EVT_start'] = ['<', $start_date];
-            $where['DTT_EVT_end']   = ['>', $start_date];
-        }
-        return $this->get_many_related(
-            'Datetime',
-            array_replace_recursive(
-                [
-                    $where,
-                    'order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']
-                ],
-                $query_params
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by DTT_EVT_start in ascending order
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_in_chronological_order()
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', array('order_by' => array('DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC')));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by the DTT_order on the datetime.
-     * @darren, we should probably UNSET timezone on the EEM_Datetime model
-     * after running our query, so that this timezone isn't set for EVERY query
-     * on EEM_Datetime for the rest of the request, no?
-     *
-     * @param boolean $show_expired whether or not to include expired events
-     * @param boolean $show_deleted whether or not to include deleted events
-     * @param null    $limit
-     * @return EE_Datetime[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false, $limit = null)
-    {
-        return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_event_ordered_by_DTT_order(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $show_expired,
-            $show_deleted,
-            $limit
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns one related datetime. Mostly only used by some legacy code.
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function first_datetime()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Datetime');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the 'primary' datetime for the event
-     *
-     * @param bool $try_to_exclude_expired
-     * @param bool $try_to_exclude_deleted
-     * @return EE_Datetime
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function primary_datetime($try_to_exclude_expired = true, $try_to_exclude_deleted = true)
-    {
-        if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
-            return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
-        }
-        $this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
-            $this->ID(),
-            $try_to_exclude_expired,
-            $try_to_exclude_deleted
-        );
-        return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the tickets available for purchase of this event
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function tickets($query_params = array())
-    {
-        // first get all datetimes
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
-        if (! $datetimes) {
-            return array();
-        }
-        $datetime_ids = array();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            $datetime_ids[] = $datetime->ID();
-        }
-        $where_params = array('Datetime.DTT_ID' => array('IN', $datetime_ids));
-        // if incoming $query_params has where conditions let's merge but not override existing.
-        if (is_array($query_params) && isset($query_params[0])) {
-            $where_params = array_merge($query_params[0], $where_params);
-            unset($query_params[0]);
-        }
-        // now add $where_params to $query_params
-        $query_params[0] = $where_params;
-        return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get all unexpired untrashed tickets
-     *
-     * @return EE_Ticket[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function active_tickets()
-    {
-        return $this->tickets(
-            array(
-                array(
-                    'TKT_end_date' => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
-                    'TKT_deleted'  => false,
-                ),
-            )
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function additional_limit()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_additional_limit');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function allow_overflow()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_allow_overflow');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function created()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_created');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Runs do_shortcode and wpautop on the description
-     *
-     * @return string of html
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function description_filtered()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('EVT_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_description()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_display_desc');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function display_ticket_selector()
-    {
-        return (bool) $this->get('EVT_display_ticket_selector');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function external_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_external_URL');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function member_only()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_member_only');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function phone()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_phone');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function modified()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_modified');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function name()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_name');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function order()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_order');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function default_registration_status()
-    {
-        $event_default_registration_status = $this->get('EVT_default_registration_status');
-        return ! empty($event_default_registration_status)
-            ? $event_default_registration_status
-            : EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param int  $num_words
-     * @param null $more
-     * @param bool $not_full_desc
-     * @return bool|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function short_description($num_words = 55, $more = null, $not_full_desc = false)
-    {
-        $short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
-        if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
-            return $short_desc;
-        }
-        $full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
-        return wp_trim_words($full_desc, $num_words, $more);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function slug()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_slug');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function timezone_string()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_timezone_string');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function visible_on()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_visible_on');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function wp_user()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_wp_user');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function donations()
-    {
-        return $this->get('EVT_donations');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $limit
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_additional_limit($limit)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_additional_limit', $limit);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $created
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_created($created)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_created', $created);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_description($desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_desc', $desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $display_desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_display_description($display_desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_display_desc', $display_desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $display_ticket_selector
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_display_ticket_selector($display_ticket_selector)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_display_ticket_selector', $display_ticket_selector);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $external_url
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_external_url($external_url)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_external_URL', $external_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $member_only
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_member_only($member_only)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_member_only', $member_only);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $event_phone
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_event_phone($event_phone)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_phone', $event_phone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $modified
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_modified($modified)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_modified', $modified);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $name
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_name($name)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_name', $name);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $order
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_order($order)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_order', $order);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $short_desc
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_short_description($short_desc)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_short_desc', $short_desc);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $slug
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_slug($slug)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_slug', $slug);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $timezone_string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_timezone_string($timezone_string)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_timezone_string', $timezone_string);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $visible_on
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_visible_on($visible_on)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_visible_on', $visible_on);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $wp_user
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_wp_user($wp_user)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_wp_user', $wp_user);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $default_registration_status
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_default_registration_status($default_registration_status)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_default_registration_status', $default_registration_status);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param $donations
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_donations($donations)
-    {
-        $this->set('EVT_donations', $donations);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a venue to this event
-     *
-     * @param int|EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
-    {
-        return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a venue from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
-    {
-        $venue_id_or_obj = ! empty($venue_id_or_obj) ? $venue_id_or_obj : $this->venue();
-        return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function venue_ID(array $query_params = array()): int
-    {
-        $venue = $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
-        return $venue instanceof EE_Venue ? $venue->ID() : 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function venue(array $query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Venue[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @deprecated $VID:$
-     */
-    public function venues(array $query_params = array()): array
-    {
-        return [$this->venue($query_params)];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * check if event id is present and if event is published
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return boolean true yes, false no
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    private function _has_ID_and_is_published()
-    {
-        // first check if event id is present and not NULL,
-        // then check if this event is published (or any of the equivalent "published" statuses)
-        return
-            $this->ID() && $this->ID() !== null
-            && (
-                $this->status() === 'publish'
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed
-                || $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled
-            );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This simply compares the internal dates with NOW and determines if the event is upcoming or not.
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return boolean true yes, false no
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_upcoming()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $upcoming = false;
-        // next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be upcoming.
-                if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // if this dtt is active then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_active()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check upcoming status
-                $upcoming = $datetime->is_upcoming();
-            }
-        }
-        return $upcoming;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_active()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $active = false;
-        // next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be active.
-                if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // if this dtt is upcoming then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_upcoming()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check active status
-                $active = $datetime->is_active();
-            }
-        }
-        return $active;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function is_expired()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->is_inactive()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        // set initial value
-        $expired = false;
-        // first let's get all datetimes and loop through them
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                // if this dtt is upcoming or active then we return false.
-                if ($datetime->is_upcoming() || $datetime->is_active()) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // otherwise let's check active status
-                $expired = $datetime->is_expired();
-            }
-        }
-        return $expired;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_inactive()
-    {
-        // check if event id is present and if this event is published
-        if ($this->_has_ID_and_is_published()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
-     *
-     * @param array $tickets
-     * @param bool  $filtered
-     * @return int|float
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining($tickets = array(), $filtered = true)
-    {
-        $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->setActiveTickets($tickets);
-        $spaces_remaining = $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining();
-        return $filtered
-            ? apply_filters(
-                'FHEE_EE_Event__spaces_remaining',
-                $spaces_remaining,
-                $this,
-                $tickets
-            )
-            : $spaces_remaining;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    perform_sold_out_status_check
-     *    checks all of this events's datetime  reg_limit - sold values to determine if ANY datetimes have spaces
-     *    available... if NOT, then the event status will get toggled to 'sold_out'
-     *
-     * @return bool    return the ACTUAL sold out state.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function perform_sold_out_status_check()
-    {
-        // get all tickets
-        $tickets = $this->tickets(
-            array(
-                'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
-                'order_by' => array('TKT_qty' => 'ASC'),
-            )
-        );
-        $all_expired = true;
-        foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
-            if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
-                $all_expired = false;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        // if all the tickets are just expired, then don't update the event status to sold out
-        if ($all_expired) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        $spaces_remaining = $this->spaces_remaining($tickets);
-        if ($spaces_remaining < 1) {
-            if ($this->status() !== EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
-                $this->set_status(EEM_Event::sold_out);
-                $this->save();
-            }
-            $sold_out = true;
-        } else {
-            $sold_out = false;
-            // was event previously marked as sold out ?
-            if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
-                // revert status to previous value, if it was set
-                $previous_event_status = $this->get_post_meta('_previous_event_status', true);
-                if ($previous_event_status) {
-                    $this->set_status($previous_event_status);
-                    $this->save();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__perform_sold_out_status_check__end', $this, $sold_out, $spaces_remaining, $tickets);
-        return $sold_out;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total remaining spaces for sale on this event.
-     *
-     * @uses EE_Event::total_available_spaces()
-     * @return float|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function spaces_remaining_for_sale()
-    {
-        return $this->total_available_spaces(true);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the total spaces available for an event
-     * while considering all the qtys on the tickets and the reg limits
-     * on the datetimes attached to this event.
-     *
-     * @param   bool $consider_sold Whether to consider any tickets that have already sold in our calculation.
-     *                              If this is false, then we return the most tickets that could ever be sold
-     *                              for this event with the datetime and tickets setup on the event under optimal
-     *                              selling conditions.  Otherwise we return a live calculation of spaces available
-     *                              based on tickets sold.  Depending on setup and stage of sales, this
-     *                              may appear to equal remaining tickets.  However, the more tickets are
-     *                              sold out, the more accurate the "live" total is.
-     * @return float|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws DomainException
-     * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
-     */
-    public function total_available_spaces($consider_sold = false)
-    {
-        $spaces_available = $consider_sold
-            ? $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining()
-            : $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->totalSpacesAvailable();
-        return apply_filters(
-            'FHEE_EE_Event__total_available_spaces__spaces_available',
-            $spaces_available,
-            $this,
-            $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getDatetimes(),
-            $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getActiveTickets()
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is set to sold out
-     *
-     * @param  bool $actual whether or not to perform calculations to not only figure the
-     *                      actual status but also to flip the status if necessary to sold
-     *                      out If false, we just check the existing status of the event
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_sold_out($actual = false)
-    {
-        if (! $actual) {
-            return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
-        }
-        return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is marked as postponed
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_postponed()
-    {
-        return $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the event is marked as cancelled
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     */
-    public function is_cancelled()
-    {
-        return $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the logical active status in a hierarchical order for all the datetimes.  Note
-     * Basically, we order the datetimes by EVT_start_date.  Then first test on whether the event is published.  If its
-     * NOT published then we test for whether its expired or not.  IF it IS published then we test first on whether an
-     * event has any active dates.  If no active dates then we check for any upcoming dates.  If no upcoming dates then
-     * the event is considered expired.
-     * NOTE: this method does NOT calculate whether the datetimes are sold out when event is published.  Sold Out is a
-     * status set on the EVENT when it is not published and thus is done
-     *
-     * @param bool $reset
-     * @return bool | string - based on EE_Datetime active constants or FALSE if error.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_active_status($reset = false)
-    {
-        // if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
-        if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
-            return $this->_active_status;
-        }
-        // first check if event id is present on this object
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        $where_params_for_event = array(array('EVT_ID' => $this->ID()));
-        // if event is published:
-        if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_publish || $this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
-            // active?
-            if (
-                EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                    EE_Datetime::active,
-                    $where_params_for_event
-                ) > 0
-            ) {
-                $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::active;
-            } else {
-                // upcoming?
-                if (
-                    EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                        EE_Datetime::upcoming,
-                        $where_params_for_event
-                    ) > 0
-                ) {
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::upcoming;
-                } else {
-                    // expired?
-                    if (
-                        EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
-                            EE_Datetime::expired,
-                            $where_params_for_event
-                        ) > 0
-                    ) {
-                        $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::expired;
-                    } else {
-                        // it would be odd if things make it this far because it basically means there are no datetime's
-                        // attached to the event.  So in this case it will just be considered inactive.
-                        $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // the event is not published, so let's just set it's active status according to its' post status
-            switch ($this->status()) {
-                case EEM_Event::sold_out:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::sold_out;
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Event::cancelled:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::cancelled;
-                    break;
-                case EEM_Event::postponed:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::postponed;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    $this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
-            }
-        }
-        return $this->_active_status;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     *    pretty_active_status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param boolean $echo whether to return (FALSE), or echo out the result (TRUE)
-     * @return mixed void|string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function pretty_active_status($echo = true)
-    {
-        $active_status = $this->get_active_status();
-        $status = '<span class="ee-status ee-status-bg--' . esc_attr($active_status) . ' event-active-status-' .
-                  esc_attr($active_status) . '">'
-                  . EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence')
-                  . '</span>';
-        if ($echo) {
-            echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-            return '';
-        }
-        return $status; // already escaped
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return bool|int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
-    {
-        $tkt_sold = 0;
-        if (! $this->ID()) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        $datetimes = $this->datetimes();
-        foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
-            if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
-                $tkt_sold += $datetime->sold();
-            }
-        }
-        return $tkt_sold;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This just returns a count of all the registrations for this event
-     *
-     * @access  public
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_count_of_all_registrations()
-    {
-        return EEM_Event::instance()->count_related($this, 'Registration');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the ticket with the earliest start time that is
-     * available for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_with_earliest_start_time()
-    {
-        $where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        $query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_start_date' => 'ASC'));
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the ticket with the latest end time that is available
-     * for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_ticket_with_latest_end_time()
-    {
-        $where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        $query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_end_date' => 'DESC'));
-        return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns the number of different ticket types currently on sale for this event.
-     *
-     * @return int
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function countTicketsOnSale()
-    {
-        $where = array(
-            'Datetime.EVT_ID' => $this->ID(),
-            'TKT_start_date'  => array('<', time()),
-            'TKT_end_date'    => array('>', time()),
-        );
-        return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count(array($where));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * This returns whether there are any tickets on sale for this event.
-     *
-     * @return bool true = YES tickets on sale.
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function tickets_on_sale()
-    {
-        return $this->countTicketsOnSale() > 0;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the URL for viewing this event on the front-end. Overrides parent
-     * to check for an external URL first
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_permalink()
-    {
-        if ($this->external_url()) {
-            return $this->external_url();
-        }
-        return parent::get_permalink();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first term for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Term|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function first_event_category($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        return EEM_Term::instance()->get_one($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all terms for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Term[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function get_all_event_categories($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
-        $query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
-        return EEM_Term::instance()->get_all($query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Adds a question group to this event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
-     * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be added for the primary
-     *                                           registrant, if false will be added for others. default: false
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function add_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
-    {
-        // If the row already exists, it will be updated. If it doesn't, it will be inserted.
-        // That's in EE_HABTM_Relation::add_relation_to().
-        return $this->_add_relation_to(
-            $question_group_id_or_obj,
-            'Question_Group',
-            [
-                EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary) => true
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a question group from the event
-     *
-     * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
-     * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be removed from the primary
-     *                                           registrant, if false will be removed from others. default: false
-     * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws InvalidArgumentException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
-     * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
-     */
-    public function remove_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
-    {
-        // If the question group is used for the other type (primary or additional)
-        // then just update it. If not, delete it outright.
-        $existing_relation = $this->get_first_related(
-            'Event_Question_Group',
-            [
-                [
-                    'QSG_ID' => EEM_Question_Group::instance()->ensure_is_ID($question_group_id_or_obj)
-                ]
-            ]
-        );
-        $field_to_update = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
-        $other_field = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
-        if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
-            // Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
-            return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
-        }
-        // Just update it. They'll still use this question group for the other category
-        $existing_relation->save(
-            [
-                $field_to_update => false
-            ]
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the question groups, ordering them by QSG_order ascending
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see
-     *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Question_Group[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function question_groups($query_params = array())
-    {
-        $query_params = ! empty($query_params) ? $query_params : array('order_by' => array('QSG_order' => 'ASC'));
-        return $this->get_many_related('Question_Group', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_icon()
-    {
-        return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-flag"></span>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_admin_details_link()
-    {
-        return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws EE_Error*@throws ReflectionException
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     */
-    public function get_admin_edit_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'edit',
-                'post'   => $this->ID(),
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_admin_settings_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'default_event_settings',
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
-     *
-     * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_admin_overview_link()
-    {
-        return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
-            array(
-                'page'   => 'espresso_events',
-                'action' => 'default',
-            ),
-            admin_url('admin.php')
-        );
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return string|null
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registrationFormUuid(): ?string
-    {
-        return $this->get('FSC_UUID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the form sections for this event
-     *
-     * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Form_Section[]
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     * @throws ReflectionException
-     */
-    public function registrationForm()
-    {
-        $FSC_UUID = $this->registrationFormUuid();
-
-        if (empty($FSC_UUID)) {
-            return [];
-        }
-
-        return EEM_Form_Section::instance()->get_all([
-            [
-                'OR' => [
-                    'FSC_UUID'      => $FSC_UUID, // top level form
-                    'FSC_belongsTo' => $FSC_UUID, // child form sections
-                ]
-                ],
-            'order_by' => ['FSC_order' => 'ASC'],
-        ]);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param string $UUID
-     * @throws EE_Error
-     */
-    public function setRegistrationFormUuid(string $UUID): void
-    {
-        if (! Cuid::isCuid($UUID)) {
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
-                sprintf(
-                /* translators: 1: UUID value, 2: UUID generator function. */
-                    esc_html__(
-                        'The supplied UUID "%1$s" is invalid or missing. Please use %2$s to generate a valid one.',
-                        'event_espresso'
-                    ),
-                    $UUID,
-                    '`Cuid::cuid()`'
-                )
-            );
-        }
-        $this->set('FSC_UUID', $UUID);
-    }
+	/**
+	 * cached value for the the logical active status for the event
+	 *
+	 * @see get_active_status()
+	 * @var string
+	 */
+	protected $_active_status = '';
+
+	/**
+	 * This is just used for caching the Primary Datetime for the Event on initial retrieval
+	 *
+	 * @var EE_Datetime
+	 */
+	protected $_Primary_Datetime;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var EventSpacesCalculator $available_spaces_calculator
+	 */
+	protected $available_spaces_calculator;
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Event
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return EventSpacesCalculator
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function getAvailableSpacesCalculator()
+	{
+		if (! $this->available_spaces_calculator instanceof EventSpacesCalculator) {
+			$this->available_spaces_calculator = new EventSpacesCalculator($this);
+		}
+		return $this->available_spaces_calculator;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parent set() method so that all calls to set( 'status', $status ) can be routed to internal methods
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param mixed  $field_value
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		switch ($field_name) {
+			case 'status':
+				$this->set_status($field_value, $use_default);
+				break;
+			default:
+				parent::set($field_name, $field_value, $use_default);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    set_status
+	 * Checks if event status is being changed to SOLD OUT
+	 * and updates event meta data with previous event status
+	 * so that we can revert things if/when the event is no longer sold out
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $new_status
+	 * @param bool   $use_default
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function set_status($new_status = null, $use_default = false)
+	{
+		// if nothing is set, and we aren't explicitly wanting to reset the status, then just leave
+		if (empty($new_status) && ! $use_default) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// get current Event status
+		$old_status = $this->status();
+		// if status has changed
+		if ($old_status !== $new_status) {
+			// TO sold_out
+			if ($new_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				// save the previous event status so that we can revert if the event is no longer sold out
+				$this->add_post_meta('_previous_event_status', $old_status);
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__to_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
+			// OR FROM  sold_out
+			} elseif ($old_status === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				$this->delete_post_meta('_previous_event_status');
+				do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__from_sold_out', $this, $old_status, $new_status);
+			}
+			// clear out the active status so that it gets reset the next time it is requested
+			$this->_active_status = null;
+			// update status
+			parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
+			do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__set_status__after_update', $this);
+			return;
+		}
+		// even though the old value matches the new value, it's still good to
+		// allow the parent set method to have a say
+		parent::set('status', $new_status, $use_default);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event that are currently ACTIVE,
+	 * meaning the datetime has started and has not yet ended.
+	 *
+	 * @param int|null $start_date      timestamp to use for event date start time, defaults to NOW unless set to null
+	 * @param array|null $query_params  will recursively replace default values
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 */
+	public function activeDatetimes(?int $start_date = 0, ?array $query_params = []): array
+	{
+		$where = [];
+		if ($start_date !== null) {
+			$start_date = $start_date ?: time();
+			$where['DTT_EVT_start'] = ['<', $start_date];
+			$where['DTT_EVT_end']   = ['>', $start_date];
+		}
+		return $this->get_many_related(
+			'Datetime',
+			array_replace_recursive(
+				[
+					$where,
+					'order_by' => ['DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC']
+				],
+				$query_params
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by DTT_EVT_start in ascending order
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_in_chronological_order()
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Datetime', array('order_by' => array('DTT_EVT_start' => 'ASC')));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the datetimes for this event, ordered by the DTT_order on the datetime.
+	 * @darren, we should probably UNSET timezone on the EEM_Datetime model
+	 * after running our query, so that this timezone isn't set for EVERY query
+	 * on EEM_Datetime for the rest of the request, no?
+	 *
+	 * @param boolean $show_expired whether or not to include expired events
+	 * @param boolean $show_deleted whether or not to include deleted events
+	 * @param null    $limit
+	 * @return EE_Datetime[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function datetimes_ordered($show_expired = true, $show_deleted = false, $limit = null)
+	{
+		return EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_datetimes_for_event_ordered_by_DTT_order(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$show_expired,
+			$show_deleted,
+			$limit
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns one related datetime. Mostly only used by some legacy code.
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function first_datetime()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Datetime');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the 'primary' datetime for the event
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $try_to_exclude_expired
+	 * @param bool $try_to_exclude_deleted
+	 * @return EE_Datetime
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function primary_datetime($try_to_exclude_expired = true, $try_to_exclude_deleted = true)
+	{
+		if (! empty($this->_Primary_Datetime)) {
+			return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
+		}
+		$this->_Primary_Datetime = EEM_Datetime::instance($this->_timezone)->get_primary_datetime_for_event(
+			$this->ID(),
+			$try_to_exclude_expired,
+			$try_to_exclude_deleted
+		);
+		return $this->_Primary_Datetime;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the tickets available for purchase of this event
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function tickets($query_params = array())
+	{
+		// first get all datetimes
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_ordered();
+		if (! $datetimes) {
+			return array();
+		}
+		$datetime_ids = array();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			$datetime_ids[] = $datetime->ID();
+		}
+		$where_params = array('Datetime.DTT_ID' => array('IN', $datetime_ids));
+		// if incoming $query_params has where conditions let's merge but not override existing.
+		if (is_array($query_params) && isset($query_params[0])) {
+			$where_params = array_merge($query_params[0], $where_params);
+			unset($query_params[0]);
+		}
+		// now add $where_params to $query_params
+		$query_params[0] = $where_params;
+		return EEM_Ticket::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get all unexpired untrashed tickets
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Ticket[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function active_tickets()
+	{
+		return $this->tickets(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'TKT_end_date' => array('>=', EEM_Ticket::instance()->current_time_for_query('TKT_end_date')),
+					'TKT_deleted'  => false,
+				),
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function additional_limit()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_additional_limit');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function allow_overflow()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_allow_overflow');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function created()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_created');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Runs do_shortcode and wpautop on the description
+	 *
+	 * @return string of html
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function description_filtered()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('EVT_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_description()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_display_desc');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function display_ticket_selector()
+	{
+		return (bool) $this->get('EVT_display_ticket_selector');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function external_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_external_URL');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function member_only()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_member_only');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function phone()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_phone');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function modified()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_modified');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function name()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_name');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function order()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_order');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function default_registration_status()
+	{
+		$event_default_registration_status = $this->get('EVT_default_registration_status');
+		return ! empty($event_default_registration_status)
+			? $event_default_registration_status
+			: EE_Registry::instance()->CFG->registration->default_STS_ID;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param int  $num_words
+	 * @param null $more
+	 * @param bool $not_full_desc
+	 * @return bool|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function short_description($num_words = 55, $more = null, $not_full_desc = false)
+	{
+		$short_desc = $this->get('EVT_short_desc');
+		if (! empty($short_desc) || $not_full_desc) {
+			return $short_desc;
+		}
+		$full_desc = $this->get('EVT_desc');
+		return wp_trim_words($full_desc, $num_words, $more);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function slug()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_slug');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function timezone_string()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_timezone_string');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function visible_on()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_visible_on');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function wp_user()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_wp_user');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function donations()
+	{
+		return $this->get('EVT_donations');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $limit
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_additional_limit($limit)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_additional_limit', $limit);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $created
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_created($created)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_created', $created);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_description($desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_desc', $desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $display_desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_display_description($display_desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_display_desc', $display_desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $display_ticket_selector
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_display_ticket_selector($display_ticket_selector)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_display_ticket_selector', $display_ticket_selector);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $external_url
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_external_url($external_url)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_external_URL', $external_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $member_only
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_member_only($member_only)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_member_only', $member_only);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $event_phone
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_event_phone($event_phone)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_phone', $event_phone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $modified
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_modified($modified)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_modified', $modified);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $name
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_name($name)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_name', $name);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $order
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_order($order)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_order', $order);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $short_desc
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_short_description($short_desc)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_short_desc', $short_desc);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $slug
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_slug($slug)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_slug', $slug);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $timezone_string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_timezone_string($timezone_string)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_timezone_string', $timezone_string);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $visible_on
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_visible_on($visible_on)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_visible_on', $visible_on);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $wp_user
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_wp_user($wp_user)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_wp_user', $wp_user);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $default_registration_status
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_default_registration_status($default_registration_status)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_default_registration_status', $default_registration_status);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param $donations
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_donations($donations)
+	{
+		$this->set('EVT_donations', $donations);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a venue to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param int|EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
+	{
+		return $this->_add_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a venue from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Venue /int $venue_id_or_obj
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function remove_venue($venue_id_or_obj): EE_Venue
+	{
+		$venue_id_or_obj = ! empty($venue_id_or_obj) ? $venue_id_or_obj : $this->venue();
+		return $this->_remove_relation_to($venue_id_or_obj, 'Venue');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function venue_ID(array $query_params = array()): int
+	{
+		$venue = $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
+		return $venue instanceof EE_Venue ? $venue->ID() : 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the venue related to the event. May provide additional $query_params if desired
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Venue
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function venue(array $query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Venue', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Venue[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @deprecated $VID:$
+	 */
+	public function venues(array $query_params = array()): array
+	{
+		return [$this->venue($query_params)];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * check if event id is present and if event is published
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return boolean true yes, false no
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	private function _has_ID_and_is_published()
+	{
+		// first check if event id is present and not NULL,
+		// then check if this event is published (or any of the equivalent "published" statuses)
+		return
+			$this->ID() && $this->ID() !== null
+			&& (
+				$this->status() === 'publish'
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed
+				|| $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled
+			);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This simply compares the internal dates with NOW and determines if the event is upcoming or not.
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return boolean true yes, false no
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_upcoming()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$upcoming = false;
+		// next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be upcoming.
+				if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// if this dtt is active then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_active()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check upcoming status
+				$upcoming = $datetime->is_upcoming();
+			}
+		}
+		return $upcoming;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_active()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$active = false;
+		// next let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is expired then we continue cause one of the other datetimes might be active.
+				if ($datetime->is_expired()) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				// if this dtt is upcoming then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_upcoming()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check active status
+				$active = $datetime->is_active();
+			}
+		}
+		return $active;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function is_expired()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->is_inactive()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		// set initial value
+		$expired = false;
+		// first let's get all datetimes and loop through them
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes_in_chronological_order();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				// if this dtt is upcoming or active then we return false.
+				if ($datetime->is_upcoming() || $datetime->is_active()) {
+					return false;
+				}
+				// otherwise let's check active status
+				$expired = $datetime->is_expired();
+			}
+		}
+		return $expired;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_inactive()
+	{
+		// check if event id is present and if this event is published
+		if ($this->_has_ID_and_is_published()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * calculate spaces remaining based on "saleable" tickets
+	 *
+	 * @param array $tickets
+	 * @param bool  $filtered
+	 * @return int|float
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining($tickets = array(), $filtered = true)
+	{
+		$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->setActiveTickets($tickets);
+		$spaces_remaining = $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining();
+		return $filtered
+			? apply_filters(
+				'FHEE_EE_Event__spaces_remaining',
+				$spaces_remaining,
+				$this,
+				$tickets
+			)
+			: $spaces_remaining;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    perform_sold_out_status_check
+	 *    checks all of this events's datetime  reg_limit - sold values to determine if ANY datetimes have spaces
+	 *    available... if NOT, then the event status will get toggled to 'sold_out'
+	 *
+	 * @return bool    return the ACTUAL sold out state.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function perform_sold_out_status_check()
+	{
+		// get all tickets
+		$tickets = $this->tickets(
+			array(
+				'default_where_conditions' => 'none',
+				'order_by' => array('TKT_qty' => 'ASC'),
+			)
+		);
+		$all_expired = true;
+		foreach ($tickets as $ticket) {
+			if (! $ticket->is_expired()) {
+				$all_expired = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		// if all the tickets are just expired, then don't update the event status to sold out
+		if ($all_expired) {
+			return true;
+		}
+		$spaces_remaining = $this->spaces_remaining($tickets);
+		if ($spaces_remaining < 1) {
+			if ($this->status() !== EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
+				$this->set_status(EEM_Event::sold_out);
+				$this->save();
+			}
+			$sold_out = true;
+		} else {
+			$sold_out = false;
+			// was event previously marked as sold out ?
+			if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out) {
+				// revert status to previous value, if it was set
+				$previous_event_status = $this->get_post_meta('_previous_event_status', true);
+				if ($previous_event_status) {
+					$this->set_status($previous_event_status);
+					$this->save();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		do_action('AHEE__EE_Event__perform_sold_out_status_check__end', $this, $sold_out, $spaces_remaining, $tickets);
+		return $sold_out;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total remaining spaces for sale on this event.
+	 *
+	 * @uses EE_Event::total_available_spaces()
+	 * @return float|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function spaces_remaining_for_sale()
+	{
+		return $this->total_available_spaces(true);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the total spaces available for an event
+	 * while considering all the qtys on the tickets and the reg limits
+	 * on the datetimes attached to this event.
+	 *
+	 * @param   bool $consider_sold Whether to consider any tickets that have already sold in our calculation.
+	 *                              If this is false, then we return the most tickets that could ever be sold
+	 *                              for this event with the datetime and tickets setup on the event under optimal
+	 *                              selling conditions.  Otherwise we return a live calculation of spaces available
+	 *                              based on tickets sold.  Depending on setup and stage of sales, this
+	 *                              may appear to equal remaining tickets.  However, the more tickets are
+	 *                              sold out, the more accurate the "live" total is.
+	 * @return float|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws DomainException
+	 * @throws UnexpectedEntityException
+	 */
+	public function total_available_spaces($consider_sold = false)
+	{
+		$spaces_available = $consider_sold
+			? $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->spacesRemaining()
+			: $this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->totalSpacesAvailable();
+		return apply_filters(
+			'FHEE_EE_Event__total_available_spaces__spaces_available',
+			$spaces_available,
+			$this,
+			$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getDatetimes(),
+			$this->getAvailableSpacesCalculator()->getActiveTickets()
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is set to sold out
+	 *
+	 * @param  bool $actual whether or not to perform calculations to not only figure the
+	 *                      actual status but also to flip the status if necessary to sold
+	 *                      out If false, we just check the existing status of the event
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_sold_out($actual = false)
+	{
+		if (! $actual) {
+			return $this->status() === EEM_Event::sold_out;
+		}
+		return $this->perform_sold_out_status_check();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is marked as postponed
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_postponed()
+	{
+		return $this->status() === EEM_Event::postponed;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks if the event is marked as cancelled
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 */
+	public function is_cancelled()
+	{
+		return $this->status() === EEM_Event::cancelled;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the logical active status in a hierarchical order for all the datetimes.  Note
+	 * Basically, we order the datetimes by EVT_start_date.  Then first test on whether the event is published.  If its
+	 * NOT published then we test for whether its expired or not.  IF it IS published then we test first on whether an
+	 * event has any active dates.  If no active dates then we check for any upcoming dates.  If no upcoming dates then
+	 * the event is considered expired.
+	 * NOTE: this method does NOT calculate whether the datetimes are sold out when event is published.  Sold Out is a
+	 * status set on the EVENT when it is not published and thus is done
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $reset
+	 * @return bool | string - based on EE_Datetime active constants or FALSE if error.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_active_status($reset = false)
+	{
+		// if the active status has already been set, then just use that value (unless we are resetting it)
+		if (! empty($this->_active_status) && ! $reset) {
+			return $this->_active_status;
+		}
+		// first check if event id is present on this object
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		$where_params_for_event = array(array('EVT_ID' => $this->ID()));
+		// if event is published:
+		if ($this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_publish || $this->status() === EEM_Event::post_status_private) {
+			// active?
+			if (
+				EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+					EE_Datetime::active,
+					$where_params_for_event
+				) > 0
+			) {
+				$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::active;
+			} else {
+				// upcoming?
+				if (
+					EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+						EE_Datetime::upcoming,
+						$where_params_for_event
+					) > 0
+				) {
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::upcoming;
+				} else {
+					// expired?
+					if (
+						EEM_Datetime::instance()->get_datetime_count_for_status(
+							EE_Datetime::expired,
+							$where_params_for_event
+						) > 0
+					) {
+						$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::expired;
+					} else {
+						// it would be odd if things make it this far because it basically means there are no datetime's
+						// attached to the event.  So in this case it will just be considered inactive.
+						$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			// the event is not published, so let's just set it's active status according to its' post status
+			switch ($this->status()) {
+				case EEM_Event::sold_out:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::sold_out;
+					break;
+				case EEM_Event::cancelled:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::cancelled;
+					break;
+				case EEM_Event::postponed:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::postponed;
+					break;
+				default:
+					$this->_active_status = EE_Datetime::inactive;
+			}
+		}
+		return $this->_active_status;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 *    pretty_active_status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param boolean $echo whether to return (FALSE), or echo out the result (TRUE)
+	 * @return mixed void|string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function pretty_active_status($echo = true)
+	{
+		$active_status = $this->get_active_status();
+		$status = '<span class="ee-status ee-status-bg--' . esc_attr($active_status) . ' event-active-status-' .
+				  esc_attr($active_status) . '">'
+				  . EEH_Template::pretty_status($active_status, false, 'sentence')
+				  . '</span>';
+		if ($echo) {
+			echo wp_kses($status, AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+			return '';
+		}
+		return $status; // already escaped
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return bool|int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_number_of_tickets_sold()
+	{
+		$tkt_sold = 0;
+		if (! $this->ID()) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		$datetimes = $this->datetimes();
+		foreach ($datetimes as $datetime) {
+			if ($datetime instanceof EE_Datetime) {
+				$tkt_sold += $datetime->sold();
+			}
+		}
+		return $tkt_sold;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This just returns a count of all the registrations for this event
+	 *
+	 * @access  public
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_count_of_all_registrations()
+	{
+		return EEM_Event::instance()->count_related($this, 'Registration');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the ticket with the earliest start time that is
+	 * available for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_with_earliest_start_time()
+	{
+		$where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		$query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_start_date' => 'ASC'));
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the ticket with the latest end time that is available
+	 * for this event (across all datetimes attached to the event)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Ticket|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_ticket_with_latest_end_time()
+	{
+		$where['Datetime.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		$query_params = array($where, 'order_by' => array('TKT_end_date' => 'DESC'));
+		return EE_Registry::instance()->load_model('Ticket')->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns the number of different ticket types currently on sale for this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return int
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function countTicketsOnSale()
+	{
+		$where = array(
+			'Datetime.EVT_ID' => $this->ID(),
+			'TKT_start_date'  => array('<', time()),
+			'TKT_end_date'    => array('>', time()),
+		);
+		return EEM_Ticket::instance()->count(array($where));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This returns whether there are any tickets on sale for this event.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool true = YES tickets on sale.
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function tickets_on_sale()
+	{
+		return $this->countTicketsOnSale() > 0;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the URL for viewing this event on the front-end. Overrides parent
+	 * to check for an external URL first
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_permalink()
+	{
+		if ($this->external_url()) {
+			return $this->external_url();
+		}
+		return parent::get_permalink();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first term for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Term|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function first_event_category($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		return EEM_Term::instance()->get_one($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all terms for 'espresso_event_categories' we can find
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Term[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function get_all_event_categories($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.taxonomy'] = 'espresso_event_categories';
+		$query_params[0]['Term_Taxonomy.Event.EVT_ID'] = $this->ID();
+		return EEM_Term::instance()->get_all($query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a question group to this event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
+	 * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be added for the primary
+	 *                                           registrant, if false will be added for others. default: false
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function add_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
+	{
+		// If the row already exists, it will be updated. If it doesn't, it will be inserted.
+		// That's in EE_HABTM_Relation::add_relation_to().
+		return $this->_add_relation_to(
+			$question_group_id_or_obj,
+			'Question_Group',
+			[
+				EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary) => true
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a question group from the event
+	 *
+	 * @param EE_Question_Group|int $question_group_id_or_obj
+	 * @param bool $for_primary if true, the question group will be removed from the primary
+	 *                                           registrant, if false will be removed from others. default: false
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class|EE_Question_Group
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 * @throws InvalidDataTypeException
+	 * @throws InvalidInterfaceException
+	 */
+	public function remove_question_group($question_group_id_or_obj, $for_primary = false)
+	{
+		// If the question group is used for the other type (primary or additional)
+		// then just update it. If not, delete it outright.
+		$existing_relation = $this->get_first_related(
+			'Event_Question_Group',
+			[
+				[
+					'QSG_ID' => EEM_Question_Group::instance()->ensure_is_ID($question_group_id_or_obj)
+				]
+			]
+		);
+		$field_to_update = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext($for_primary);
+		$other_field = EEM_Event_Question_Group::instance()->fieldNameForContext(! $for_primary);
+		if ($existing_relation->get($other_field) === false) {
+			// Delete it. It's now no longer for primary or additional question groups.
+			return $this->_remove_relation_to($question_group_id_or_obj, 'Question_Group');
+		}
+		// Just update it. They'll still use this question group for the other category
+		$existing_relation->save(
+			[
+				$field_to_update => false
+			]
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the question groups, ordering them by QSG_order ascending
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see
+	 *                            https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Question_Group[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function question_groups($query_params = array())
+	{
+		$query_params = ! empty($query_params) ? $query_params : array('order_by' => array('QSG_order' => 'ASC'));
+		return $this->get_many_related('Question_Group', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Has_Icon interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Visual_Representation for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_icon()
+	{
+		return '<span class="dashicons dashicons-flag"></span>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_details_link()
+	{
+		return $this->get_admin_edit_link();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws EE_Error*@throws ReflectionException
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_edit_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'edit',
+				'post'   => $this->ID(),
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_settings_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'default_event_settings',
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Implementation for EEI_Admin_Links interface method.
+	 *
+	 * @see EEI_Admin_Links for comments
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_admin_overview_link()
+	{
+		return EEH_URL::add_query_args_and_nonce(
+			array(
+				'page'   => 'espresso_events',
+				'action' => 'default',
+			),
+			admin_url('admin.php')
+		);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string|null
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registrationFormUuid(): ?string
+	{
+		return $this->get('FSC_UUID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the form sections for this event
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Base_Class[]|EE_Form_Section[]
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 * @throws ReflectionException
+	 */
+	public function registrationForm()
+	{
+		$FSC_UUID = $this->registrationFormUuid();
+
+		if (empty($FSC_UUID)) {
+			return [];
+		}
+
+		return EEM_Form_Section::instance()->get_all([
+			[
+				'OR' => [
+					'FSC_UUID'      => $FSC_UUID, // top level form
+					'FSC_belongsTo' => $FSC_UUID, // child form sections
+				]
+				],
+			'order_by' => ['FSC_order' => 'ASC'],
+		]);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param string $UUID
+	 * @throws EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function setRegistrationFormUuid(string $UUID): void
+	{
+		if (! Cuid::isCuid($UUID)) {
+			throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+				sprintf(
+				/* translators: 1: UUID value, 2: UUID generator function. */
+					esc_html__(
+						'The supplied UUID "%1$s" is invalid or missing. Please use %2$s to generate a valid one.',
+						'event_espresso'
+					),
+					$UUID,
+					'`Cuid::cuid()`'
+				)
+			);
+		}
+		$this->set('FSC_UUID', $UUID);
+	}
 }

core/db_classes/EE_Payment.class.php

Indentation +870 added lines, -870 removed lines

@@ -11,874 +11,874 @@
  */
 class EE_Payment extends EE_Base_Class implements EEI_Payment
 {
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
-     * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
-     *                                        used.)
-     * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
-     *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
-    {
-        $has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
-        return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
-     * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
-     *                                the website will be used.
-     * @return EE_Payment
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
-    {
-        return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int $TXN_ID
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the transaction related to this payment
-     *
-     * @return EE_Transaction
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function transaction()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $STS_ID
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_status($STS_ID = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Timestamp
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param int $timestamp
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Method
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $PAY_source
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_source($PAY_source = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Amount
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param float $amount
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_amount($amount = 0.00)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Gateway Response
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $gateway_response
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the name of the payment method used on this payment (previously known merely as 'gateway')
-     * but since 4.6.0, payment methods are models and the payment keeps a foreign key to the payment method
-     * used on it
-     *
-     * @deprecated
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function gateway()
-    {
-        EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
-            'EE_Payment::gateway',
-            esc_html__(
-                'The method EE_Payment::gateway() has been deprecated. Consider instead using EE_Payment::payment_method()->name()',
-                'event_espresso'
-            ),
-            '4.6.0'
-        );
-        return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Gateway Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Purchase Order Number
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $po_number
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_po_number($po_number = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Extra Accounting Field
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $extra_accntng
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '')
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment made via admin flag
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param bool $via_admin
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false)
-    {
-        if ($via_admin) {
-            $this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
-        } else {
-            $this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Set Payment Details
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string|array $details
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_details($details = '')
-    {
-        if (is_array($details)) {
-            array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
-        } else {
-            $details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
-        }
-        $this->set('PAY_details', $details);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets redirect_url
-     *
-     * @param string $redirect_url
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Sets redirect_args
-     *
-     * @param array $redirect_args
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args)
-    {
-        $this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function TXN_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('TXN_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Status
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function STS_ID()
-    {
-        return $this->get('STS_ID');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Timestamp
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @param string $dt_frmt
-     * @param string $tm_frmt
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
-    {
-        return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Source
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function source()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_source');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Amount
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @return float
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function amount()
-    {
-        return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function amount_no_code()
-    {
-        return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Gateway Response
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function gateway_response()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Gateway Transaction ID
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function txn_id_chq_nmbr()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Purchase Order Number
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function po_number()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Extra Accounting Field
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_accntng()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment made via admin source
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_made_via_admin()
-    {
-        return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * get Payment Details
-     *
-     * @access public
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function details()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_details');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets redirect_url
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_url()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets redirect_args
-     *
-     * @return array
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_args()
-    {
-        return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * echoes $this->pretty_status()
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return void
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        echo wp_kses($this->pretty_status($show_icons), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
-     *
-     * @param bool $show_icons
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
-    {
-        $status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
-            array($this->STS_ID() => esc_html__('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
-            false,
-            'sentence'
-        );
-        $icon = '';
-        switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_pending:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-clock ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 lt-grey-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-            case EEM_Payment::status_id_declined:
-                $icon = $show_icons
-                    ? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>'
-                    : '';
-                break;
-        }
-        return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean whether the payment is approved or not
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_approved()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Generally determines if the status of this payment equals
-     * the $STS_ID string
-     *
-     * @param string $STS_ID an ID from the esp_status table/
-     *                       one of the status_id_* on the EEM_Payment model
-     * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    protected function status_is($STS_ID)
-    {
-        return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean whether the payment is pending or not
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_pending()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_cancelled()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_declined()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining the status of the payment
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_failed()
-    {
-        return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * For determining if the payment is actually a refund ( ie: has a negative value )
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function is_a_refund()
-    {
-        return $this->amount() < 0 ? true : false;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Get the status object of this object
-     *
-     * @return EE_Status
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function status_obj()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Status');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Extra_Meta
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
-     * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
-     * offline ones, dont' create payments)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Payment_Method
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function payment_method()
-    {
-        return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the HTML for redirecting the user to an offsite gateway
-     * You can pass it special content to put inside the form, or use
-     * the default inner content (or possibly generate this all yourself using
-     * redirect_url() and redirect_args() or redirect_args_as_inputs()).
-     * Creates a POST request by default, but if no redirect args are specified, creates a GET request instead
-     * (and any querystring variables in the redirect_url are converted into html inputs
-     * so browsers submit them properly)
-     *
-     * @param string $inside_form_html
-     * @return string html
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
-    {
-        $redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
-        if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
-            // what ? no inner form content?
-            if ($inside_form_html === null) {
-                $inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
-                    sprintf(
-                        esc_html__(
-                            'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
-                            'event_espresso'
-                        ),
-                        EEH_HTML::br(2),
-                        '<input type="submit" value="',
-                        '">'
-                    ),
-                    '',
-                    '',
-                    'text-align:center;'
-                );
-            }
-            $method = apply_filters(
-                'FHEE__EE_Payment__redirect_form__method',
-                $this->redirect_args() ? 'POST' : 'GET',
-                $this
-            );
-            // if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
-            // and put them into the form instead
-            if ($method === 'GET') {
-                $querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
-                $get_params = null;
-                parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
-                $inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
-                $redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
-            }
-            $form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
-                    . '<form method="'
-                    . $method
-                    . '" name="gateway_form" action="'
-                    . $redirect_url
-                    . '">';
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
-            $form .= $inside_form_html;
-            $form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
-            return $form;
-        } else {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Changes all the name-value pairs of the redirect args into html inputs
-     * and returns the html as a string
-     *
-     * @return string
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function redirect_args_as_inputs()
-    {
-        return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Converts a 2d array of key-value pairs into html hidden inputs
-     * and returns the string of html
-     *
-     * @param array $args key-value pairs
-     * @return string
-     */
-    protected function _args_as_inputs($args)
-    {
-        $html = '';
-        if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
-            foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
-                $html .= $this->generateInput($name, $value);
-            }
-        }
-        return $html;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts either a single name and value or array of values into html hidden inputs
-     * and returns the string of html
-     *
-     * @param string $name
-     * @param string|array $value
-     * @return string
-     */
-    private function generateInput($name, $value)
-    {
-        if (is_array($value)) {
-            $html = '';
-            $name = "{$name}[]";
-            foreach ($value as $array_value) {
-                $html .= $this->generateInput($name, $array_value);
-            }
-            return $html;
-        }
-        return EEH_HTML::nl()
-            . '<input type="hidden" name="' . $name . '"'
-            . ' value="' . esc_attr($value) . '"/>';
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the currency of the payment.
-     * (At the time of writing, this will always be the currency in the configuration;
-     * however in the future it is anticipated that this will be stored on the payment
-     * object itself)
-     *
-     * @return string for the currency code
-     */
-    public function currency_code()
-    {
-        return EE_Config::instance()->currency->code;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * apply wp_strip_all_tags to all elements within an array
-     *
-     * @access private
-     * @param mixed $item
-     */
-    private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item)
-    {
-        if (is_object($item)) {
-            $item = (array) $item;
-        }
-        if (is_array($item)) {
-            array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
-        } else {
-            $item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns TRUE is this payment was set to approved during this request (or
-     * is approved and was created during this request). False otherwise.
-     *
-     * @return boolean
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function just_approved()
-    {
-        $original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
-            $this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
-            'STS_ID',
-            $this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
-        );
-        $current_status = $this->status();
-        if (
-            $original_status !== EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
-            && $current_status === EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
-        ) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Overrides parents' get_pretty() function just for legacy reasons
-     * (to allow ticket https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7420)
-     *
-     * @param string $field_name
-     * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
-     *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
-     *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
-     * @return mixed
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
-    {
-        if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
-            return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
-        }
-        return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets details regarding which registrations this payment was applied to
-     *
-     * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
-     * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
-     * @throws \EE_Error
-     */
-    public function registration_payments($query_params = array())
-    {
-        return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
-     *
-     * @return EE_Event|null
-     */
-    public function get_first_event()
-    {
-        $transaction = $this->transaction();
-        if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            $primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
-            if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
-                return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
-            }
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
-     *
-     * @return string
-     */
-    public function get_first_event_name()
-    {
-        $event = $this->get_first_event();
-        return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : esc_html__('Event', 'event_espresso');
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
-     *
-     * @return EE_Registration|null
-     */
-    public function get_primary_registration()
-    {
-        if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
-            return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
-     *
-     * @return EE_Attendee|null
-     */
-    public function get_primary_attendee()
-    {
-        $primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
-        if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
-            return $primary_reg->attendee();
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values          incoming values
+	 * @param string $timezone                incoming timezone (if not set the timezone set for the website will be
+	 *                                        used.)
+	 * @param array  $date_formats            incoming date_formats in an array where the first value is the
+	 *                                        date_format and the second value is the time format
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null, $date_formats = array())
+	{
+		$has_object = parent::_check_for_object($props_n_values, __CLASS__, $timezone, $date_formats);
+		return $has_object ? $has_object : new self($props_n_values, false, $timezone, $date_formats);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @param array  $props_n_values  incoming values from the database
+	 * @param string $timezone        incoming timezone as set by the model.  If not set the timezone for
+	 *                                the website will be used.
+	 * @return EE_Payment
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public static function new_instance_from_db($props_n_values = array(), $timezone = null)
+	{
+		return new self($props_n_values, true, $timezone);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int $TXN_ID
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_transaction_id($TXN_ID = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('TXN_ID', $TXN_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the transaction related to this payment
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Transaction
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function transaction()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Transaction');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $STS_ID
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_status($STS_ID = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('STS_ID', $STS_ID);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param int $timestamp
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_timestamp($timestamp = 0)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_timestamp', $timestamp);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Method
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $PAY_source
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_source($PAY_source = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_source', $PAY_source);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Amount
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param float $amount
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_amount($amount = 0.00)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_amount', (float) $amount);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Gateway Response
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $gateway_response
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_gateway_response($gateway_response = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_gateway_response', $gateway_response);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the name of the payment method used on this payment (previously known merely as 'gateway')
+	 * but since 4.6.0, payment methods are models and the payment keeps a foreign key to the payment method
+	 * used on it
+	 *
+	 * @deprecated
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function gateway()
+	{
+		EE_Error::doing_it_wrong(
+			'EE_Payment::gateway',
+			esc_html__(
+				'The method EE_Payment::gateway() has been deprecated. Consider instead using EE_Payment::payment_method()->name()',
+				'event_espresso'
+			),
+			'4.6.0'
+		);
+		return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Gateway Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $txn_id_chq_nmbr
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_txn_id_chq_nmbr($txn_id_chq_nmbr = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr', $txn_id_chq_nmbr);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Purchase Order Number
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $po_number
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_po_number($po_number = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_po_number', $po_number);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Extra Accounting Field
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $extra_accntng
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_extra_accntng($extra_accntng = '')
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_extra_accntng', $extra_accntng);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment made via admin flag
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param bool $via_admin
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_payment_made_via_admin($via_admin = false)
+	{
+		if ($via_admin) {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
+		} else {
+			$this->set('PAY_source', EEM_Payment_Method::scope_cart);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Set Payment Details
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string|array $details
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_details($details = '')
+	{
+		if (is_array($details)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($details, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
+		} else {
+			$details = wp_strip_all_tags($details);
+		}
+		$this->set('PAY_details', $details);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets redirect_url
+	 *
+	 * @param string $redirect_url
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_redirect_url($redirect_url)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_url', $redirect_url);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets redirect_args
+	 *
+	 * @param array $redirect_args
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function set_redirect_args($redirect_args)
+	{
+		$this->set('PAY_redirect_args', $redirect_args);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function TXN_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('TXN_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Status
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function STS_ID()
+	{
+		return $this->get('STS_ID');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Timestamp
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @param string $dt_frmt
+	 * @param string $tm_frmt
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function timestamp($dt_frmt = '', $tm_frmt = '')
+	{
+		return $this->get_i18n_datetime('PAY_timestamp', trim($dt_frmt . ' ' . $tm_frmt));
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Source
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function source()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_source');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Amount
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @return float
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function amount()
+	{
+		return (float) $this->get('PAY_amount');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function amount_no_code()
+	{
+		return $this->get_pretty('PAY_amount', 'no_currency_code');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Gateway Response
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function gateway_response()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_gateway_response');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Gateway Transaction ID
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function txn_id_chq_nmbr()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_txn_id_chq_nmbr');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Purchase Order Number
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function po_number()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_po_number');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Extra Accounting Field
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_accntng()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_extra_accntng');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment made via admin source
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_made_via_admin()
+	{
+		return ($this->get('PAY_source') === EEM_Payment_Method::scope_admin);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get Payment Details
+	 *
+	 * @access public
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function details()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_details');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets redirect_url
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_url()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_url');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets redirect_args
+	 *
+	 * @return array
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_args()
+	{
+		return $this->get('PAY_redirect_args');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * echoes $this->pretty_status()
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return void
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function e_pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		echo wp_kses($this->pretty_status($show_icons), AllowedTags::getAllowedTags());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * returns a pretty version of the status, good for displaying to users
+	 *
+	 * @param bool $show_icons
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function pretty_status($show_icons = false)
+	{
+		$status = EEM_Status::instance()->localized_status(
+			array($this->STS_ID() => esc_html__('unknown', 'event_espresso')),
+			false,
+			'sentence'
+		);
+		$icon = '';
+		switch ($this->STS_ID()) {
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_approved:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-yes ee-icon-size-24 green-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_pending:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-clock ee-icon-size-16 orange-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 lt-grey-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+			case EEM_Payment::status_id_declined:
+				$icon = $show_icons
+					? '<span class="dashicons dashicons-no ee-icon-size-16 red-text"></span>'
+					: '';
+				break;
+		}
+		return $icon . $status[ $this->STS_ID() ];
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean whether the payment is approved or not
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_approved()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_approved);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Generally determines if the status of this payment equals
+	 * the $STS_ID string
+	 *
+	 * @param string $STS_ID an ID from the esp_status table/
+	 *                       one of the status_id_* on the EEM_Payment model
+	 * @return boolean whether the status of this payment equals the status id
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	protected function status_is($STS_ID)
+	{
+		return $STS_ID === $this->STS_ID() ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean whether the payment is pending or not
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_pending()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_pending);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_cancelled()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_cancelled);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_declined()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_declined);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining the status of the payment
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_failed()
+	{
+		return $this->status_is(EEM_Payment::status_id_failed);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * For determining if the payment is actually a refund ( ie: has a negative value )
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function is_a_refund()
+	{
+		return $this->amount() < 0 ? true : false;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the status object of this object
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Status
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function status_obj()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Status');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the extra meta info on this payment
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Extra_Meta
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function extra_meta($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Extra_Meta', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the last-used payment method on this transaction
+	 * (we COULD just use the last-made payment, but some payment methods, namely
+	 * offline ones, dont' create payments)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Payment_Method
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function payment_method()
+	{
+		return $this->get_first_related('Payment_Method');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the HTML for redirecting the user to an offsite gateway
+	 * You can pass it special content to put inside the form, or use
+	 * the default inner content (or possibly generate this all yourself using
+	 * redirect_url() and redirect_args() or redirect_args_as_inputs()).
+	 * Creates a POST request by default, but if no redirect args are specified, creates a GET request instead
+	 * (and any querystring variables in the redirect_url are converted into html inputs
+	 * so browsers submit them properly)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $inside_form_html
+	 * @return string html
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_form($inside_form_html = null)
+	{
+		$redirect_url = $this->redirect_url();
+		if (! empty($redirect_url)) {
+			// what ? no inner form content?
+			if ($inside_form_html === null) {
+				$inside_form_html = EEH_HTML::p(
+					sprintf(
+						esc_html__(
+							'If you are not automatically redirected to the payment website within 10 seconds... %1$s %2$s Click Here %3$s',
+							'event_espresso'
+						),
+						EEH_HTML::br(2),
+						'<input type="submit" value="',
+						'">'
+					),
+					'',
+					'',
+					'text-align:center;'
+				);
+			}
+			$method = apply_filters(
+				'FHEE__EE_Payment__redirect_form__method',
+				$this->redirect_args() ? 'POST' : 'GET',
+				$this
+			);
+			// if it's a GET request, we need to remove all the GET params in the querystring
+			// and put them into the form instead
+			if ($method === 'GET') {
+				$querystring = parse_url($redirect_url, PHP_URL_QUERY);
+				$get_params = null;
+				parse_str($querystring, $get_params);
+				$inside_form_html .= $this->_args_as_inputs($get_params);
+				$redirect_url = str_replace('?' . $querystring, '', $redirect_url);
+			}
+			$form = EEH_HTML::nl(1)
+					. '<form method="'
+					. $method
+					. '" name="gateway_form" action="'
+					. $redirect_url
+					. '">';
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(1) . $this->redirect_args_as_inputs();
+			$form .= $inside_form_html;
+			$form .= EEH_HTML::nl(-1) . '</form>' . EEH_HTML::nl(-1);
+			return $form;
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Changes all the name-value pairs of the redirect args into html inputs
+	 * and returns the html as a string
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function redirect_args_as_inputs()
+	{
+		return $this->_args_as_inputs($this->redirect_args());
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts a 2d array of key-value pairs into html hidden inputs
+	 * and returns the string of html
+	 *
+	 * @param array $args key-value pairs
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	protected function _args_as_inputs($args)
+	{
+		$html = '';
+		if ($args !== null && is_array($args)) {
+			foreach ($args as $name => $value) {
+				$html .= $this->generateInput($name, $value);
+			}
+		}
+		return $html;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Converts either a single name and value or array of values into html hidden inputs
+	 * and returns the string of html
+	 *
+	 * @param string $name
+	 * @param string|array $value
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	private function generateInput($name, $value)
+	{
+		if (is_array($value)) {
+			$html = '';
+			$name = "{$name}[]";
+			foreach ($value as $array_value) {
+				$html .= $this->generateInput($name, $array_value);
+			}
+			return $html;
+		}
+		return EEH_HTML::nl()
+			. '<input type="hidden" name="' . $name . '"'
+			. ' value="' . esc_attr($value) . '"/>';
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the currency of the payment.
+	 * (At the time of writing, this will always be the currency in the configuration;
+	 * however in the future it is anticipated that this will be stored on the payment
+	 * object itself)
+	 *
+	 * @return string for the currency code
+	 */
+	public function currency_code()
+	{
+		return EE_Config::instance()->currency->code;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * apply wp_strip_all_tags to all elements within an array
+	 *
+	 * @access private
+	 * @param mixed $item
+	 */
+	private function _strip_all_tags_within_array(&$item)
+	{
+		if (is_object($item)) {
+			$item = (array) $item;
+		}
+		if (is_array($item)) {
+			array_walk_recursive($item, array($this, '_strip_all_tags_within_array'));
+		} else {
+			$item = wp_strip_all_tags($item);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns TRUE is this payment was set to approved during this request (or
+	 * is approved and was created during this request). False otherwise.
+	 *
+	 * @return boolean
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function just_approved()
+	{
+		$original_status = EEH_Array::is_set(
+			$this->_props_n_values_provided_in_constructor,
+			'STS_ID',
+			$this->get_model()->field_settings_for('STS_ID')->get_default_value()
+		);
+		$current_status = $this->status();
+		if (
+			$original_status !== EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
+			&& $current_status === EEM_Payment::status_id_approved
+		) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Overrides parents' get_pretty() function just for legacy reasons
+	 * (to allow ticket https://events.codebasehq.com/projects/event-espresso/tickets/7420)
+	 *
+	 * @param string $field_name
+	 * @param string $extra_cache_ref This allows the user to specify an extra cache ref for the given property
+	 *                                (in cases where the same property may be used for different outputs
+	 *                                - i.e. datetime, money etc.)
+	 * @return mixed
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function get_pretty($field_name, $extra_cache_ref = null)
+	{
+		if ($field_name === 'PAY_gateway') {
+			return $this->payment_method() ? $this->payment_method()->name() : esc_html__('Unknown', 'event_espresso');
+		}
+		return $this->_get_cached_property($field_name, true, $extra_cache_ref);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets details regarding which registrations this payment was applied to
+	 *
+	 * @param array $query_params @see https://github.com/eventespresso/event-espresso-core/tree/master/docs/G--Model-System/model-query-params.md
+	 * @return EE_Registration_Payment[]
+	 * @throws \EE_Error
+	 */
+	public function registration_payments($query_params = array())
+	{
+		return $this->get_many_related('Registration_Payment', $query_params);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the first event for this payment (it's possible that it could be for multiple)
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Event|null
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event()
+	{
+		$transaction = $this->transaction();
+		if ($transaction instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			$primary_registrant = $transaction->primary_registration();
+			if ($primary_registrant instanceof EE_Registration) {
+				return $primary_registrant->event_obj();
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the name of the first event for which is being paid
+	 *
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function get_first_event_name()
+	{
+		$event = $this->get_first_event();
+		return $event instanceof EE_Event ? $event->name() : esc_html__('Event', 'event_espresso');
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the payment's transaction's primary registration
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Registration|null
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_registration()
+	{
+		if ($this->transaction() instanceof EE_Transaction) {
+			return $this->transaction()->primary_registration();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the payment's transaction's primary registration's attendee, or null
+	 *
+	 * @return EE_Attendee|null
+	 */
+	public function get_primary_attendee()
+	{
+		$primary_reg = $this->get_primary_registration();
+		if ($primary_reg instanceof EE_Registration) {
+			return $primary_reg->attendee();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
 }