Complex classes like Attributes often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Attributes, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 8 | class Attributes implements AttributesInterface  | 
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| 9 | { | 
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| 10 | /**  | 
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| 11 | * Stores the attribute data.  | 
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| 12 | *  | 
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| 13 | * @var \drupol\htmltag\Attribute[]  | 
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| 14 | */  | 
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| 15 | private $storage = array();  | 
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| 16 | |||
| 17 | /**  | 
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| 18 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 19 | */  | 
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| 20 | 23 | public function __construct(array $attributes = array())  | 
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| 21 |     { | 
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| 22 | 23 |         foreach ($attributes as $name => $value) { | 
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| 23 | 1 | $this->storage[$name] = new Attribute(  | 
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| 24 | 1 | $name,  | 
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| 25 | 1 | $this->ensureString($value)  | 
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| 26 | );  | 
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| 27 | }  | 
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| 28 | 23 | }  | 
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| 29 | |||
| 30 | /**  | 
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| 31 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 32 | */  | 
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| 33 | 2 | public function &offsetGet($name)  | 
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| 43 | |||
| 44 | /**  | 
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| 45 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 46 | */  | 
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| 47 | 1 | public function offsetSet($name, $value = null)  | 
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| 48 |     { | 
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| 49 | 1 | $this->storage[$name] = new Attribute(  | 
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| 50 | 1 | $name,  | 
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| 51 | 1 | $this->ensureString($value)  | 
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| 52 | );  | 
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| 53 | 1 | }  | 
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| 54 | |||
| 55 | /**  | 
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| 56 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 57 | */  | 
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| 58 | 1 | public function offsetUnset($name)  | 
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| 59 |     { | 
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| 60 | 1 | unset($this->storage[$name]);  | 
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| 61 | 1 | }  | 
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| 62 | |||
| 63 | /**  | 
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| 64 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 65 | */  | 
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| 66 | 2 | public function offsetExists($name)  | 
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| 67 |     { | 
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| 68 | 2 | return isset($this->storage[$name]);  | 
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| 69 | }  | 
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| 70 | |||
| 71 | /**  | 
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| 72 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 73 | */  | 
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| 74 | 14 | public function append($key, $value = null)  | 
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| 75 |     { | 
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| 76 | $this->storage += array(  | 
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| 77 | 14 | $key => new Attribute(  | 
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| 78 | 14 | $key,  | 
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| 79 | 14 | $this->ensureString($value)  | 
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| 80 | )  | 
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| 81 | );  | 
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| 82 | |||
| 83 | 14 |         foreach ($this->normalizeValue($value) as $value_item) { | 
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| 84 | 13 | $this->storage[$key]->append($value_item);  | 
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| 85 | }  | 
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| 86 | |||
| 87 | 14 | return $this;  | 
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| 88 | }  | 
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| 89 | |||
| 90 | /**  | 
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| 91 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 92 | */  | 
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| 93 | 2 | public function remove($key, $value = false)  | 
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| 94 |     { | 
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| 95 | 2 |         if (!isset($this->storage[$key])) { | 
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| 96 | 1 | return $this;  | 
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| 97 | }  | 
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| 98 | |||
| 99 | 1 |         foreach ($this->normalizeValue($value) as $value_item) { | 
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| 100 | 1 | $this->storage[$key]->remove($value_item);  | 
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| 101 | }  | 
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| 102 | |||
| 103 | 1 | return $this;  | 
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| 104 | }  | 
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| 105 | |||
| 106 | /**  | 
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| 107 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 108 | */  | 
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| 109 | 1 | public function delete($name = array())  | 
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| 117 | |||
| 118 | /**  | 
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| 119 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 120 | */  | 
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| 121 | public function without($key, $value)  | 
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| 122 |     { | 
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| 123 | $attributes = clone $this;  | 
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| 127 | |||
| 128 | /**  | 
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| 129 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 130 | */  | 
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| 131 | 1 | public function replace($key, $value, $replacement)  | 
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| 148 | |||
| 149 | /**  | 
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| 150 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 151 | */  | 
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| 152 | 1 | public function merge(array $data = array())  | 
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| 168 | |||
| 169 | /**  | 
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| 170 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 171 | */  | 
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| 172 | 1 | public function exists($key, $value = null)  | 
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| 184 | |||
| 185 | /**  | 
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| 186 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 187 | */  | 
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| 188 | 3 | public function contains($key, $value)  | 
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| 196 | |||
| 197 | /**  | 
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| 198 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 199 | */  | 
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| 200 | 7 | public function __toString()  | 
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| 204 | |||
| 205 | /**  | 
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| 206 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 207 | */  | 
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| 208 | 12 | public function render()  | 
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| 214 | |||
| 215 | /**  | 
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| 216 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 217 | */  | 
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| 218 | 2 | public function toArray()  | 
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| 235 | |||
| 236 | /**  | 
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| 237 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 238 | */  | 
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| 239 | 1 | public function getStorage()  | 
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| 243 | |||
| 244 | /**  | 
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| 245 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 246 | */  | 
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| 247 | 1 | public function getIterator()  | 
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| 251 | |||
| 252 | /**  | 
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| 253 |      * {@inheritdoc} | 
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| 254 | */  | 
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| 255 | 1 | public function count()  | 
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| 259 | |||
| 260 | /**  | 
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| 261 | * Returns all storage elements as an array.  | 
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| 262 | *  | 
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| 263 | * @return \drupol\htmltag\Attribute[]  | 
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| 264 | * An associative array of attributes.  | 
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| 265 | */  | 
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| 266 | 13 | private function prepareValues()  | 
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| 297 | |||
| 298 | /**  | 
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| 299 | * Normalize a value.  | 
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| 300 | *  | 
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| 301 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 302 | * The value to normalize.  | 
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| 303 | *  | 
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| 304 | * @return array  | 
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| 305 | * The value normalized.  | 
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| 306 | */  | 
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| 307 | 15 | private function normalizeValue($value)  | 
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| 311 | |||
| 312 | /**  | 
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| 313 | * Todo.  | 
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| 314 | *  | 
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| 315 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 316 | * Todo.  | 
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| 317 | *  | 
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| 318 | * @return array  | 
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| 319 | * The array, flattened.  | 
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| 320 | */  | 
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| 321 | 15 | private function ensureFlatArray($value)  | 
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| 366 | |||
| 367 | /**  | 
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| 368 | * Todo.  | 
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| 369 | *  | 
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| 370 | * @param mixed $value  | 
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| 371 | * Todo.  | 
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| 372 | *  | 
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| 373 | * @return string  | 
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| 374 | * A string.  | 
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| 375 | */  | 
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| 376 | 15 | private function ensureString($value)  | 
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| 406 | }  | 
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| 407 | 
It seems like the type of the argument is not accepted by the function/method which you are calling.
In some cases, in particular if PHP’s automatic type-juggling kicks in this might be fine. In other cases, however this might be a bug.
We suggest to add an explicit type cast like in the following example: