Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Persisters\DocumentPersister

Complexity

Total Complexity

243

Size/Duplication

Total Lines	1459
Duplicated Lines	0 %

Coupling/Cohesion

Components	1
Dependencies	25

Test Coverage

Coverage

93.62%

Importance

Changes

0

46 Methods

Rating	Name	Duplication	Size	Complexity
A	prepareFieldName()	0	6	1
A	__construct()	0	23	3
A	getInserts()	0	4	1
A	isQueuedForInsert()	0	4	1
A	addInsert()	0	4	1
A	getUpserts()	0	4	1
A	isQueuedForUpsert()	0	4	1
A	addUpsert()	0	4	1
A	getClassMetadata()	0	4	1
C	executeInserts()	0	48	9
A	executeUpserts()	0	18	4
C	executeUpsert()	0	66	11
C	update()	0	58	13
B	delete()	0	25	6
A	refresh()	0	7	1
C	load()	0	26	8
B	loadAll()	0	24	4
B	getShardKeyQuery()	0	33	6
A	wrapCursor()	0	4	1
A	exists()	0	5	1
A	lock()	0	8	1
A	unlock()	0	8	1
A	createDocument()	0	14	3
B	loadCollection()	0	21	6
B	loadEmbedManyCollection()	0	29	5
F	loadReferenceManyCollectionOwningSide()	0	73	17
A	loadReferenceManyCollectionInverseSide()	0	8	2
B	createReferenceManyInverseSideQuery()	0	39	6
A	loadReferenceManyWithRepositoryMethod()	0	13	3
A	createReferenceManyWithRepositoryMethodCursor()	0	21	3
A	prepareProjection()	0	10	2
A	getSortDirection()	0	12	3
A	prepareSort()	0	10	2
A	addDiscriminatorToPreparedQuery()	0	16	4
A	addFilterToPreparedQuery()	0	15	2
D	prepareQueryOrNewObj()	0	28	10
D	prepareQueryElement()	0	187	47
C	prepareQueryExpression()	0	27	8
B	hasDBRefFields()	0	18	8
B	hasQueryOperators()	0	18	7
B	getClassDiscriminatorValues()	0	19	5
B	handleCollections()	0	23	6
B	guardMissingShardKey()	0	16	5
A	getQueryForDocument()	0	10	1
A	getWriteOptions()	0	10	2
D	prepareReference()	0	40	9

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Persisters;

use Doctrine\Common\Persistence\Mapping\MappingException;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\DocumentManager;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Hydrator\HydratorFactory;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Iterator\CachingIterator;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Iterator\HydratingIterator;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Iterator\Iterator;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Iterator\PrimingIterator;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\LockException;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\LockMode;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\MongoDBException;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\PersistentCollection\PersistentCollectionInterface;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Proxy\Proxy;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Query\CriteriaMerger;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Query\Query;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Query\ReferencePrimer;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Types\Type;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\UnitOfWork;
use Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Utility\CollectionHelper;
use MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId;
use MongoDB\Collection;
use MongoDB\Driver\Cursor;
use MongoDB\Driver\Exception\Exception as DriverException;
use MongoDB\Driver\Exception\WriteException;
use MongoDB\GridFS\Bucket;
use function array_combine;
use function array_fill;
use function array_intersect_key;
use function array_keys;
use function array_map;
use function array_merge;
use function array_search;
use function array_slice;
use function array_values;
use function count;
use function explode;
use function get_class;
use function get_object_vars;
use function implode;
use function in_array;
use function is_array;
use function is_object;
use function is_scalar;
use function max;
use function spl_object_hash;
use function sprintf;
use function strpos;
use function strtolower;

/**
 * The DocumentPersister is responsible for persisting documents.
 *
 */
class DocumentPersister
{
    /**
     * The PersistenceBuilder instance.
     *
     * @var PersistenceBuilder
     */
    private $pb;

    /**
     * The DocumentManager instance.
     *
     * @var DocumentManager
     */
    private $dm;

    /**
     * The UnitOfWork instance.
     *
     * @var UnitOfWork
     */
    private $uow;

    /**
     * The ClassMetadata instance for the document type being persisted.
     *
     * @var ClassMetadata
     */
    private $class;

    /**
     * The MongoCollection instance for this document.
     *
     * @var Collection
     */
    private $collection;

    /** @var Bucket|null */
    private $bucket;

    /**
     * Array of queued inserts for the persister to insert.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    private $queuedInserts = [];

    /**
     * Array of queued inserts for the persister to insert.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    private $queuedUpserts = [];

    /**
     * The CriteriaMerger instance.
     *
     * @var CriteriaMerger
     */
    private $cm;

    /**
     * The CollectionPersister instance.
     *
     * @var CollectionPersister
     */
    private $cp;

    /**
     * The HydratorFactory instance.
     *
     * @var HydratorFactory
     */
    private $hydratorFactory;

    /**
     * Initializes this instance.
     *
     */
    public function __construct(
        PersistenceBuilder $pb,
        DocumentManager $dm,
        UnitOfWork $uow,
        HydratorFactory $hydratorFactory,
        ClassMetadata $class,
        ?CriteriaMerger $cm = null
    ) {
        $this->pb = $pb;
        $this->dm = $dm;
        $this->cm = $cm ?: new CriteriaMerger();
        $this->uow = $uow;
        $this->hydratorFactory = $hydratorFactory;
        $this->class = $class;
        $this->collection = $dm->getDocumentCollection($class->name);
        $this->cp = $this->uow->getCollectionPersister();

        if (! $class->isFile) {
            return;
        }

        $this->bucket = $dm->getDocumentBucket($class->name);
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getInserts()
    {
        return $this->queuedInserts;
    }

    /**
     * @param object $document
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isQueuedForInsert($document)
    {
        return isset($this->queuedInserts[spl_object_hash($document)]);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a document to the queued insertions.
     * The document remains queued until {@link executeInserts} is invoked.
     *
     * @param object $document The document to queue for insertion.
     */
    public function addInsert($document)
    {
        $this->queuedInserts[spl_object_hash($document)] = $document;
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getUpserts()
    {
        return $this->queuedUpserts;
    }

    /**
     * @param object $document
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isQueuedForUpsert($document)
    {
        return isset($this->queuedUpserts[spl_object_hash($document)]);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a document to the queued upserts.
     * The document remains queued until {@link executeUpserts} is invoked.
     *
     * @param object $document The document to queue for insertion.
     */
    public function addUpsert($document)
    {
        $this->queuedUpserts[spl_object_hash($document)] = $document;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the ClassMetadata instance of the document class this persister is used for.
     *
     * @return ClassMetadata
     */
    public function getClassMetadata()
    {
        return $this->class;
    }

    /**
     * Executes all queued document insertions.
     *
     * Queued documents without an ID will inserted in a batch and queued
     * documents with an ID will be upserted individually.
     *
     * If no inserts are queued, invoking this method is a NOOP.
     *
     * @param array $options Options for batchInsert() and update() driver methods
     */
    public function executeInserts(array $options = [])
    {
        if (! $this->queuedInserts) {

The expression $this->queuedInserts of type array is implicitly converted to a boolean; are you sure this is intended? If so, consider using empty($expr) instead to make it clear that you intend to check for an array without elements.

            return;
        }

        $inserts = [];
        $options = $this->getWriteOptions($options);
        foreach ($this->queuedInserts as $oid => $document) {
            $data = $this->pb->prepareInsertData($document);

            // Set the initial version for each insert
            if ($this->class->isVersioned) {
                $versionMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->versionField];
                $nextVersion = null;
                if ($versionMapping['type'] === 'int') {
                    $nextVersion = max(1, (int) $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->getValue($document));
                    $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->setValue($document, $nextVersion);
                } elseif ($versionMapping['type'] === 'date') {
                    $nextVersionDateTime = new \DateTime();
                    $nextVersion = Type::convertPHPToDatabaseValue($nextVersionDateTime);
                    $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->setValue($document, $nextVersionDateTime);
                }
                $data[$versionMapping['name']] = $nextVersion;
            }

            $inserts[] = $data;
        }

        if ($inserts) {

The expression $inserts of type array is implicitly converted to a boolean; are you sure this is intended? If so, consider using ! empty($expr) instead to make it clear that you intend to check for an array without elements.

            try {
                $this->collection->insertMany($inserts, $options);
            } catch (DriverException $e) {

The class MongoDB\Driver\Exception\Exception does not exist. Did you forget a USE statement, or did you not list all dependencies?

                $this->queuedInserts = [];
                throw $e;
            }
        }

        /* All collections except for ones using addToSet have already been
         * saved. We have left these to be handled separately to avoid checking
         * collection for uniqueness on PHP side.
         */
        foreach ($this->queuedInserts as $document) {
            $this->handleCollections($document, $options);
        }

        $this->queuedInserts = [];
    }

    /**
     * Executes all queued document upserts.
     *
     * Queued documents with an ID are upserted individually.
     *
     * If no upserts are queued, invoking this method is a NOOP.
     *
     * @param array $options Options for batchInsert() and update() driver methods
     */
    public function executeUpserts(array $options = [])
    {
        if (! $this->queuedUpserts) {

The expression $this->queuedUpserts of type array is implicitly converted to a boolean; are you sure this is intended? If so, consider using empty($expr) instead to make it clear that you intend to check for an array without elements.

            return;
        }

        $options = $this->getWriteOptions($options);
        foreach ($this->queuedUpserts as $oid => $document) {
            try {
                $this->executeUpsert($document, $options);
                $this->handleCollections($document, $options);
                unset($this->queuedUpserts[$oid]);
            } catch (WriteException $e) {

The class MongoDB\Driver\Exception\WriteException does not exist. Did you forget a USE statement, or did you not list all dependencies?

                unset($this->queuedUpserts[$oid]);
                throw $e;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Executes a single upsert in {@link executeUpserts}
     *
     * @param object $document
     * @param array  $options
     */
    private function executeUpsert($document, array $options)
    {
        $options['upsert'] = true;
        $criteria = $this->getQueryForDocument($document);

        $data = $this->pb->prepareUpsertData($document);

        // Set the initial version for each upsert
        if ($this->class->isVersioned) {
            $versionMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->versionField];
            $nextVersion = null;
            if ($versionMapping['type'] === 'int') {
                $nextVersion = max(1, (int) $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->getValue($document));
                $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->setValue($document, $nextVersion);
            } elseif ($versionMapping['type'] === 'date') {
                $nextVersionDateTime = new \DateTime();
                $nextVersion = Type::convertPHPToDatabaseValue($nextVersionDateTime);
                $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->setValue($document, $nextVersionDateTime);
            }
            $data['$set'][$versionMapping['name']] = $nextVersion;
        }

        foreach (array_keys($criteria) as $field) {
            unset($data['$set'][$field]);
            unset($data['$inc'][$field]);
            unset($data['$setOnInsert'][$field]);
        }

        // Do not send empty update operators
        foreach (['$set', '$inc', '$setOnInsert'] as $operator) {
            if (! empty($data[$operator])) {
                continue;
            }

            unset($data[$operator]);
        }

        /* If there are no modifiers remaining, we're upserting a document with
         * an identifier as its only field. Since a document with the identifier
         * may already exist, the desired behavior is "insert if not exists" and
         * NOOP otherwise. MongoDB 2.6+ does not allow empty modifiers, so $set
         * the identifier to the same value in our criteria.
         *
         * This will fail for versions before MongoDB 2.6, which require an
         * empty $set modifier. The best we can do (without attempting to check
         * server versions in advance) is attempt the 2.6+ behavior and retry
         * after the relevant exception.
         *
         * See: https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-12266
         */
        if (empty($data)) {
            $retry = true;
            $data = ['$set' => ['_id' => $criteria['_id']]];
        }

        try {
            $this->collection->updateOne($criteria, $data, $options);
            return;
        } catch (WriteException $e) {

The class MongoDB\Driver\Exception\WriteException does not exist. Did you forget a USE statement, or did you not list all dependencies?

            if (empty($retry) || strpos($e->getMessage(), 'Mod on _id not allowed') === false) {
                throw $e;
            }
        }

        $this->collection->updateOne($criteria, ['$set' => new \stdClass()], $options);
    }

    /**
     * Updates the already persisted document if it has any new changesets.
     *
     * @param object $document
     * @param array  $options  Array of options to be used with update()
     * @throws LockException
     */
    public function update($document, array $options = [])
    {
        $update = $this->pb->prepareUpdateData($document);

        $query = $this->getQueryForDocument($document);

        foreach (array_keys($query) as $field) {
            unset($update['$set'][$field]);
        }

        if (empty($update['$set'])) {
            unset($update['$set']);
        }

        // Include versioning logic to set the new version value in the database
        // and to ensure the version has not changed since this document object instance
        // was fetched from the database
        $nextVersion = null;
        if ($this->class->isVersioned) {
            $versionMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->versionField];
            $currentVersion = $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->getValue($document);
            if ($versionMapping['type'] === 'int') {
                $nextVersion = $currentVersion + 1;
                $update['$inc'][$versionMapping['name']] = 1;
                $query[$versionMapping['name']] = $currentVersion;
            } elseif ($versionMapping['type'] === 'date') {
                $nextVersion = new \DateTime();
                $update['$set'][$versionMapping['name']] = Type::convertPHPToDatabaseValue($nextVersion);
                $query[$versionMapping['name']] = Type::convertPHPToDatabaseValue($currentVersion);
            }
        }

        if (! empty($update)) {
            // Include locking logic so that if the document object in memory is currently
            // locked then it will remove it, otherwise it ensures the document is not locked.
            if ($this->class->isLockable) {
                $isLocked = $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->lockField]->getValue($document);
                $lockMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->lockField];
                if ($isLocked) {
                    $update['$unset'] = [$lockMapping['name'] => true];
                } else {
                    $query[$lockMapping['name']] = ['$exists' => false];
                }
            }

            $options = $this->getWriteOptions($options);

            $result = $this->collection->updateOne($query, $update, $options);

            if (($this->class->isVersioned || $this->class->isLockable) && $result->getModifiedCount() !== 1) {
                throw LockException::lockFailed($document);
            } elseif ($this->class->isVersioned) {
                $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->versionField]->setValue($document, $nextVersion);
            }
        }

        $this->handleCollections($document, $options);
    }

    /**
     * Removes document from mongo
     *
     * @param mixed $document
     * @param array $options  Array of options to be used with remove()
     * @throws LockException
     */
    public function delete($document, array $options = [])
    {
        if ($this->bucket) {
            $id = $this->uow->getDocumentIdentifier($document);
            $id = $this->class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($id);

            $this->bucket->delete($id);

            return;
        }

        $query = $this->getQueryForDocument($document);

        if ($this->class->isLockable) {
            $query[$this->class->lockField] = ['$exists' => false];
        }

        $options = $this->getWriteOptions($options);

        $result = $this->collection->deleteOne($query, $options);

        if (($this->class->isVersioned || $this->class->isLockable) && ! $result->getDeletedCount()) {
            throw LockException::lockFailed($document);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Refreshes a managed document.
     *
     * @param object $document The document to refresh.
     */
    public function refresh($document)
    {
        $query = $this->getQueryForDocument($document);
        $data = $this->collection->findOne($query);
        $data = $this->hydratorFactory->hydrate($document, $data);

It seems like $data can also be of type null or object; however, Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Hydrator\HydratorFactory::hydrate() does only seem to accept array, maybe add an additional type check?

        $this->uow->setOriginalDocumentData($document, $data);
    }

    /**
     * Finds a document by a set of criteria.
     *
     * If a scalar or MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId is provided for $criteria, it will
     * be used to match an _id value.
     *
     * @param mixed  $criteria Query criteria
     * @param object $document Document to load the data into. If not specified, a new document is created.
     * @param array  $hints    Hints for document creation
     * @param int    $lockMode
     * @param array  $sort     Sort array for Cursor::sort()
     * @throws LockException
     * @return object|null The loaded and managed document instance or null if no document was found
     * @todo Check identity map? loadById method? Try to guess whether $criteria is the id?
     */
    public function load($criteria, $document = null, array $hints = [], $lockMode = 0, ?array $sort = null)

The parameter $lockMode is not used and could be removed.

    {
        // TODO: remove this
        if ($criteria === null || is_scalar($criteria) || $criteria instanceof ObjectId) {

The class MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId does not exist. Did you forget a USE statement, or did you not list all dependencies?

            $criteria = ['_id' => $criteria];
        }

        $criteria = $this->prepareQueryOrNewObj($criteria);

It seems like $criteria can also be of type object; however, Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Persisters\DocumentPersister::prepareQueryOrNewObj() does only seem to accept array, maybe add an additional type check?

        $criteria = $this->addDiscriminatorToPreparedQuery($criteria);
        $criteria = $this->addFilterToPreparedQuery($criteria);

        $options = [];
        if ($sort !== null) {
            $options['sort'] = $this->prepareSort($sort);
        }
        $result = $this->collection->findOne($criteria, $options);

        if ($this->class->isLockable) {
            $lockMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->lockField];
            if (isset($result[$lockMapping['name']]) && $result[$lockMapping['name']] === LockMode::PESSIMISTIC_WRITE) {
                throw LockException::lockFailed($result);
            }
        }

        return $this->createDocument($result, $document, $hints);

It seems like $result defined by $this->collection->findOne($criteria, $options) on line 531 can also be of type array or null; however, Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Persisters\DocumentPersister::createDocument() does only seem to accept object, maybe add an additional type check?

    }

    /**
     * Finds documents by a set of criteria.
     *
     * @param array    $criteria Query criteria
     * @param array    $sort     Sort array for Cursor::sort()
     * @param int|null $limit    Limit for Cursor::limit()
     * @param int|null $skip     Skip for Cursor::skip()
     * @return Iterator
     */
    public function loadAll(array $criteria = [], ?array $sort = null, $limit = null, $skip = null)
    {
        $criteria = $this->prepareQueryOrNewObj($criteria);
        $criteria = $this->addDiscriminatorToPreparedQuery($criteria);
        $criteria = $this->addFilterToPreparedQuery($criteria);

        $options = [];
        if ($sort !== null) {
            $options['sort'] = $this->prepareSort($sort);
        }

        if ($limit !== null) {
            $options['limit'] = $limit;
        }

        if ($skip !== null) {
            $options['skip'] = $skip;
        }

        $baseCursor = $this->collection->find($criteria, $options);
        $cursor = $this->wrapCursor($baseCursor);

        return $cursor;
    }

    /**
     * @param object $document
     *
     * @return array
     * @throws MongoDBException
     */
    private function getShardKeyQuery($document)
    {
        if (! $this->class->isSharded()) {
            return [];
        }

        $shardKey = $this->class->getShardKey();
        $keys = array_keys($shardKey['keys']);
        $data = $this->uow->getDocumentActualData($document);

        $shardKeyQueryPart = [];
        foreach ($keys as $key) {
            $mapping = $this->class->getFieldMappingByDbFieldName($key);
            $this->guardMissingShardKey($document, $key, $data);

            if (isset($mapping['association']) && $mapping['association'] === ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_ONE) {
                $reference = $this->prepareReference(
                    $key,
                    $data[$mapping['fieldName']],
                    $mapping,
                    false
                );
                foreach ($reference as $keyValue) {
                    $shardKeyQueryPart[$keyValue[0]] = $keyValue[1];
                }
            } else {
                $value = Type::getType($mapping['type'])->convertToDatabaseValue($data[$mapping['fieldName']]);
                $shardKeyQueryPart[$key] = $value;
            }
        }

        return $shardKeyQueryPart;
    }

    /**
     * Wraps the supplied base cursor in the corresponding ODM class.
     *
     */
    private function wrapCursor(Cursor $baseCursor): Iterator
    {
        return new CachingIterator(new HydratingIterator($baseCursor, $this->dm->getUnitOfWork(), $this->class));
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether the given managed document exists in the database.
     *
     * @param object $document
     * @return bool TRUE if the document exists in the database, FALSE otherwise.
     */
    public function exists($document)
    {
        $id = $this->class->getIdentifierObject($document);
        return (bool) $this->collection->findOne(['_id' => $id], ['_id']);
    }

    /**
     * Locks document by storing the lock mode on the mapped lock field.
     *
     * @param object $document
     * @param int    $lockMode
     */
    public function lock($document, $lockMode)
    {
        $id = $this->uow->getDocumentIdentifier($document);
        $criteria = ['_id' => $this->class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($id)];
        $lockMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->lockField];
        $this->collection->updateOne($criteria, ['$set' => [$lockMapping['name'] => $lockMode]]);
        $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->lockField]->setValue($document, $lockMode);
    }

    /**
     * Releases any lock that exists on this document.
     *
     * @param object $document
     */
    public function unlock($document)
    {
        $id = $this->uow->getDocumentIdentifier($document);
        $criteria = ['_id' => $this->class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($id)];
        $lockMapping = $this->class->fieldMappings[$this->class->lockField];
        $this->collection->updateOne($criteria, ['$unset' => [$lockMapping['name'] => true]]);
        $this->class->reflFields[$this->class->lockField]->setValue($document, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates or fills a single document object from an query result.
     *
     * @param object $result   The query result.
     * @param object $document The document object to fill, if any.
     * @param array  $hints    Hints for document creation.
     * @return object The filled and managed document object or NULL, if the query result is empty.
     */
    private function createDocument($result, $document = null, array $hints = [])
    {
        if ($result === null) {
            return null;
        }

        if ($document !== null) {
            $hints[Query::HINT_REFRESH] = true;
            $id = $this->class->getPHPIdentifierValue($result['_id']);
            $this->uow->registerManaged($document, $id, $result);

$result is of type object, but the function expects a array.

        }

        return $this->uow->getOrCreateDocument($this->class->name, $result, $hints, $document);

$result is of type object, but the function expects a array.

    }

    /**
     * Loads a PersistentCollection data. Used in the initialize() method.
     *
     */
    public function loadCollection(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $mapping = $collection->getMapping();
        switch ($mapping['association']) {
            case ClassMetadata::EMBED_MANY:
                $this->loadEmbedManyCollection($collection);
                break;

            case ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_MANY:
                if (isset($mapping['repositoryMethod']) && $mapping['repositoryMethod']) {
                    $this->loadReferenceManyWithRepositoryMethod($collection);
                } else {
                    if ($mapping['isOwningSide']) {
                        $this->loadReferenceManyCollectionOwningSide($collection);
                    } else {
                        $this->loadReferenceManyCollectionInverseSide($collection);
                    }
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    private function loadEmbedManyCollection(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $embeddedDocuments = $collection->getMongoData();
        $mapping = $collection->getMapping();
        $owner = $collection->getOwner();
        if (! $embeddedDocuments) {

The expression $embeddedDocuments of type array is implicitly converted to a boolean; are you sure this is intended? If so, consider using empty($expr) instead to make it clear that you intend to check for an array without elements.

            return;
        }

        foreach ($embeddedDocuments as $key => $embeddedDocument) {
            $className = $this->uow->getClassNameForAssociation($mapping, $embeddedDocument);
            $embeddedMetadata = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($className);
            $embeddedDocumentObject = $embeddedMetadata->newInstance();

            $this->uow->setParentAssociation($embeddedDocumentObject, $mapping, $owner, $mapping['name'] . '.' . $key);

            $data = $this->hydratorFactory->hydrate($embeddedDocumentObject, $embeddedDocument, $collection->getHints());
            $id = $data[$embeddedMetadata->identifier] ?? null;

            if (empty($collection->getHints()[Query::HINT_READ_ONLY])) {
                $this->uow->registerManaged($embeddedDocumentObject, $id, $data);
            }
            if (CollectionHelper::isHash($mapping['strategy'])) {
                $collection->set($key, $embeddedDocumentObject);
            } else {
                $collection->add($embeddedDocumentObject);
            }
        }
    }

    private function loadReferenceManyCollectionOwningSide(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $hints = $collection->getHints();
        $mapping = $collection->getMapping();
        $groupedIds = [];

        $sorted = isset($mapping['sort']) && $mapping['sort'];

        foreach ($collection->getMongoData() as $key => $reference) {
            $className = $this->uow->getClassNameForAssociation($mapping, $reference);
            $identifier = ClassMetadata::getReferenceId($reference, $mapping['storeAs']);
            $id = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($className)->getPHPIdentifierValue($identifier);

            // create a reference to the class and id
            $reference = $this->dm->getReference($className, $id);

            // no custom sort so add the references right now in the order they are embedded
            if (! $sorted) {
                if (CollectionHelper::isHash($mapping['strategy'])) {
                    $collection->set($key, $reference);
                } else {
                    $collection->add($reference);
                }
            }

            // only query for the referenced object if it is not already initialized or the collection is sorted
            if (! (($reference instanceof Proxy && ! $reference->__isInitialized__)) && ! $sorted) {

Accessing __isInitialized__ on the interface Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Proxy\Proxy suggest that you code against a concrete implementation. How about adding an instanceof check?

                continue;
            }

            $groupedIds[$className][] = $identifier;
        }
        foreach ($groupedIds as $className => $ids) {
            $class = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($className);
            $mongoCollection = $this->dm->getDocumentCollection($className);
            $criteria = $this->cm->merge(
                ['_id' => ['$in' => array_values($ids)]],
                $this->dm->getFilterCollection()->getFilterCriteria($class),
                $mapping['criteria'] ?? []
            );
            $criteria = $this->uow->getDocumentPersister($className)->prepareQueryOrNewObj($criteria);

            $options = [];
            if (isset($mapping['sort'])) {
                $options['sort'] = $this->prepareSort($mapping['sort']);
            }
            if (isset($mapping['limit'])) {
                $options['limit'] = $mapping['limit'];
            }
            if (isset($mapping['skip'])) {
                $options['skip'] = $mapping['skip'];
            }
            if (! empty($hints[Query::HINT_READ_PREFERENCE])) {
                $options['readPreference'] = $hints[Query::HINT_READ_PREFERENCE];
            }

            $cursor = $mongoCollection->find($criteria, $options);
            $documents = $cursor->toArray();
            foreach ($documents as $documentData) {
                $document = $this->uow->getById($documentData['_id'], $class);
                if ($document instanceof Proxy && ! $document->__isInitialized()) {
                    $data = $this->hydratorFactory->hydrate($document, $documentData);
                    $this->uow->setOriginalDocumentData($document, $data);
                    $document->__isInitialized__ = true;

Accessing __isInitialized__ on the interface Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Proxy\Proxy suggest that you code against a concrete implementation. How about adding an instanceof check?

                }
                if (! $sorted) {
                    continue;
                }

                $collection->add($document);
            }
        }
    }

    private function loadReferenceManyCollectionInverseSide(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $query = $this->createReferenceManyInverseSideQuery($collection);
        $documents = $query->execute()->toArray();
        foreach ($documents as $key => $document) {
            $collection->add($document);
        }
    }

    /**
     *
     * @return Query
     */
    public function createReferenceManyInverseSideQuery(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $hints = $collection->getHints();
        $mapping = $collection->getMapping();
        $owner = $collection->getOwner();
        $ownerClass = $this->dm->getClassMetadata(get_class($owner));
        $targetClass = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($mapping['targetDocument']);
        $mappedByMapping = $targetClass->fieldMappings[$mapping['mappedBy']] ?? [];
        $mappedByFieldName = ClassMetadata::getReferenceFieldName($mappedByMapping['storeAs'] ?? ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_DB_REF, $mapping['mappedBy']);

        $criteria = $this->cm->merge(
            [$mappedByFieldName => $ownerClass->getIdentifierObject($owner)],
            $this->dm->getFilterCollection()->getFilterCriteria($targetClass),
            $mapping['criteria'] ?? []
        );
        $criteria = $this->uow->getDocumentPersister($mapping['targetDocument'])->prepareQueryOrNewObj($criteria);
        $qb = $this->dm->createQueryBuilder($mapping['targetDocument'])
            ->setQueryArray($criteria);

        if (isset($mapping['sort'])) {
            $qb->sort($mapping['sort']);
        }
        if (isset($mapping['limit'])) {
            $qb->limit($mapping['limit']);
        }
        if (isset($mapping['skip'])) {
            $qb->skip($mapping['skip']);
        }

        if (! empty($hints[Query::HINT_READ_PREFERENCE])) {
            $qb->setReadPreference($hints[Query::HINT_READ_PREFERENCE]);
        }

        foreach ($mapping['prime'] as $field) {
            $qb->field($field)->prime(true);
        }

        return $qb->getQuery();
    }

    private function loadReferenceManyWithRepositoryMethod(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $cursor = $this->createReferenceManyWithRepositoryMethodCursor($collection);
        $mapping = $collection->getMapping();
        $documents = $cursor->toArray();
        foreach ($documents as $key => $obj) {
            if (CollectionHelper::isHash($mapping['strategy'])) {
                $collection->set($key, $obj);
            } else {
                $collection->add($obj);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     *
     * @return \Iterator
     */
    public function createReferenceManyWithRepositoryMethodCursor(PersistentCollectionInterface $collection)
    {
        $mapping = $collection->getMapping();
        $repositoryMethod = $mapping['repositoryMethod'];
        $cursor = $this->dm->getRepository($mapping['targetDocument'])
            ->$repositoryMethod($collection->getOwner());

        if (! $cursor instanceof Iterator) {
            throw new \BadMethodCallException(sprintf('Expected repository method %s to return an iterable object', $repositoryMethod));
        }

        if (! empty($mapping['prime'])) {
            $referencePrimer = new ReferencePrimer($this->dm, $this->dm->getUnitOfWork());
            $primers = array_combine($mapping['prime'], array_fill(0, count($mapping['prime']), true));
            $class = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($mapping['targetDocument']);

            $cursor = new PrimingIterator($cursor, $class, $referencePrimer, $primers, $collection->getHints());
        }

        return $cursor;
    }

    /**
     * Prepare a projection array by converting keys, which are PHP property
     * names, to MongoDB field names.
     *
     * @param array $fields
     * @return array
     */
    public function prepareProjection(array $fields)
    {
        $preparedFields = [];

        foreach ($fields as $key => $value) {
            $preparedFields[$this->prepareFieldName($key)] = $value;
        }

        return $preparedFields;
    }

    /**
     * @param string $sort
     * @return int
     */
    private function getSortDirection($sort)
    {
        switch (strtolower((string) $sort)) {
            case 'desc':
                return -1;

            case 'asc':
                return 1;
        }

        return $sort;
    }

    /**
     * Prepare a sort specification array by converting keys to MongoDB field
     * names and changing direction strings to int.
     *
     * @param array $fields
     * @return array
     */
    public function prepareSort(array $fields)
    {
        $sortFields = [];

        foreach ($fields as $key => $value) {
            $sortFields[$this->prepareFieldName($key)] = $this->getSortDirection($value);
        }

        return $sortFields;
    }

    /**
     * Prepare a mongodb field name and convert the PHP property names to MongoDB field names.
     *
     * @param string $fieldName
     * @return string
     */
    public function prepareFieldName($fieldName)
    {
        $fieldNames = $this->prepareQueryElement($fieldName, null, null, false);

        return $fieldNames[0][0];
    }

    /**
     * Adds discriminator criteria to an already-prepared query.
     *
     * This method should be used once for query criteria and not be used for
     * nested expressions. It should be called before
     * {@link DocumentPerister::addFilterToPreparedQuery()}.
     *
     * @param array $preparedQuery
     * @return array
     */
    public function addDiscriminatorToPreparedQuery(array $preparedQuery)
    {
        /* If the class has a discriminator field, which is not already in the
         * criteria, inject it now. The field/values need no preparation.
         */
        if ($this->class->hasDiscriminator() && ! isset($preparedQuery[$this->class->discriminatorField])) {
            $discriminatorValues = $this->getClassDiscriminatorValues($this->class);
            if (count($discriminatorValues) === 1) {
                $preparedQuery[$this->class->discriminatorField] = $discriminatorValues[0];
            } else {
                $preparedQuery[$this->class->discriminatorField] = ['$in' => $discriminatorValues];
            }
        }

        return $preparedQuery;
    }

    /**
     * Adds filter criteria to an already-prepared query.
     *
     * This method should be used once for query criteria and not be used for
     * nested expressions. It should be called after
     * {@link DocumentPerister::addDiscriminatorToPreparedQuery()}.
     *
     * @param array $preparedQuery
     * @return array
     */
    public function addFilterToPreparedQuery(array $preparedQuery)
    {
        /* If filter criteria exists for this class, prepare it and merge
         * over the existing query.
         *
         * @todo Consider recursive merging in case the filter criteria and
         * prepared query both contain top-level $and/$or operators.
         */
        $filterCriteria = $this->dm->getFilterCollection()->getFilterCriteria($this->class);
        if ($filterCriteria) {

The expression $filterCriteria of type array is implicitly converted to a boolean; are you sure this is intended? If so, consider using ! empty($expr) instead to make it clear that you intend to check for an array without elements.

            $preparedQuery = $this->cm->merge($preparedQuery, $this->prepareQueryOrNewObj($filterCriteria));
        }

        return $preparedQuery;
    }

    /**
     * Prepares the query criteria or new document object.
     *
     * PHP field names and types will be converted to those used by MongoDB.
     *
     * @param array $query
     * @param bool  $isNewObj
     * @return array
     */
    public function prepareQueryOrNewObj(array $query, $isNewObj = false)
    {
        $preparedQuery = [];

        foreach ($query as $key => $value) {
            // Recursively prepare logical query clauses
            if (in_array($key, ['$and', '$or', '$nor']) && is_array($value)) {
                foreach ($value as $k2 => $v2) {
                    $preparedQuery[$key][$k2] = $this->prepareQueryOrNewObj($v2, $isNewObj);
                }
                continue;
            }

            if (isset($key[0]) && $key[0] === '$' && is_array($value)) {
                $preparedQuery[$key] = $this->prepareQueryOrNewObj($value, $isNewObj);
                continue;
            }

            $preparedQueryElements = $this->prepareQueryElement((string) $key, $value, null, true, $isNewObj);
            foreach ($preparedQueryElements as list($preparedKey, $preparedValue)) {
                $preparedQuery[$preparedKey] = is_array($preparedValue)
                    ? array_map('\Doctrine\ODM\MongoDB\Types\Type::convertPHPToDatabaseValue', $preparedValue)
                    : Type::convertPHPToDatabaseValue($preparedValue);
            }
        }

        return $preparedQuery;
    }

    /**
     * Prepares a query value and converts the PHP value to the database value
     * if it is an identifier.
     *
     * It also handles converting $fieldName to the database name if they are different.
     *
     * @param string        $fieldName
     * @param mixed         $value
     * @param ClassMetadata $class        Defaults to $this->class
     * @param bool          $prepareValue Whether or not to prepare the value
     * @param bool          $inNewObj     Whether or not newObj is being prepared
     * @return array An array of tuples containing prepared field names and values
     */
    private function prepareQueryElement($fieldName, $value = null, $class = null, $prepareValue = true, $inNewObj = false)
    {
        $class = $class ?? $this->class;

        // @todo Consider inlining calls to ClassMetadata methods

        // Process all non-identifier fields by translating field names
        if ($class->hasField($fieldName) && ! $class->isIdentifier($fieldName)) {
            $mapping = $class->fieldMappings[$fieldName];
            $fieldName = $mapping['name'];

            if (! $prepareValue) {
                return [[$fieldName, $value]];
            }

            // Prepare mapped, embedded objects
            if (! empty($mapping['embedded']) && is_object($value) &&
                ! $this->dm->getMetadataFactory()->isTransient(get_class($value))) {
                return [[$fieldName, $this->pb->prepareEmbeddedDocumentValue($mapping, $value)]];
            }

            if (! empty($mapping['reference']) && is_object($value) && ! ($value instanceof ObjectId)) {

The class MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId does not exist. Did you forget a USE statement, or did you not list all dependencies?

                try {
                    return $this->prepareReference($fieldName, $value, $mapping, $inNewObj);
                } catch (MappingException $e) {
                    // do nothing in case passed object is not mapped document
                }
            }

            // No further preparation unless we're dealing with a simple reference
            // We can't have expressions in empty() with PHP < 5.5, so store it in a variable
            $arrayValue = (array) $value;
            if (empty($mapping['reference']) || $mapping['storeAs'] !== ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_ID || empty($arrayValue)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $value]];
            }

            // Additional preparation for one or more simple reference values
            $targetClass = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($mapping['targetDocument']);

            if (! is_array($value)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $targetClass->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($value)]];
            }

            // Objects without operators or with DBRef fields can be converted immediately
            if (! $this->hasQueryOperators($value) || $this->hasDBRefFields($value)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $targetClass->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($value)]];
            }

            return [[$fieldName, $this->prepareQueryExpression($value, $targetClass)]];
        }

        // Process identifier fields
        if (($class->hasField($fieldName) && $class->isIdentifier($fieldName)) || $fieldName === '_id') {
            $fieldName = '_id';

            if (! $prepareValue) {
                return [[$fieldName, $value]];
            }

            if (! is_array($value)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($value)]];
            }

            // Objects without operators or with DBRef fields can be converted immediately
            if (! $this->hasQueryOperators($value) || $this->hasDBRefFields($value)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($value)]];
            }

            return [[$fieldName, $this->prepareQueryExpression($value, $class)]];
        }

        // No processing for unmapped, non-identifier, non-dotted field names
        if (strpos($fieldName, '.') === false) {
            return [[$fieldName, $value]];
        }

        /* Process "fieldName.objectProperty" queries (on arrays or objects).
         *
         * We can limit parsing here, since at most three segments are
         * significant: "fieldName.objectProperty" with an optional index or key
         * for collections stored as either BSON arrays or objects.
         */
        $e = explode('.', $fieldName, 4);

        // No further processing for unmapped fields
        if (! isset($class->fieldMappings[$e[0]])) {
            return [[$fieldName, $value]];
        }

        $mapping = $class->fieldMappings[$e[0]];
        $e[0] = $mapping['name'];

        // Hash and raw fields will not be prepared beyond the field name
        if ($mapping['type'] === Type::HASH || $mapping['type'] === Type::RAW) {
            $fieldName = implode('.', $e);

            return [[$fieldName, $value]];
        }

        if ($mapping['type'] === 'many' && CollectionHelper::isHash($mapping['strategy'])
                && isset($e[2])) {
            $objectProperty = $e[2];
            $objectPropertyPrefix = $e[1] . '.';
            $nextObjectProperty = implode('.', array_slice($e, 3));
        } elseif ($e[1] !== '$') {
            $fieldName = $e[0] . '.' . $e[1];
            $objectProperty = $e[1];
            $objectPropertyPrefix = '';
            $nextObjectProperty = implode('.', array_slice($e, 2));
        } elseif (isset($e[2])) {
            $fieldName = $e[0] . '.' . $e[1] . '.' . $e[2];
            $objectProperty = $e[2];
            $objectPropertyPrefix = $e[1] . '.';
            $nextObjectProperty = implode('.', array_slice($e, 3));
        } else {
            $fieldName = $e[0] . '.' . $e[1];

            return [[$fieldName, $value]];
        }

        // No further processing for fields without a targetDocument mapping
        if (! isset($mapping['targetDocument'])) {
            if ($nextObjectProperty) {
                $fieldName .= '.' . $nextObjectProperty;
            }

            return [[$fieldName, $value]];
        }

        $targetClass = $this->dm->getClassMetadata($mapping['targetDocument']);

        // No further processing for unmapped targetDocument fields
        if (! $targetClass->hasField($objectProperty)) {
            if ($nextObjectProperty) {
                $fieldName .= '.' . $nextObjectProperty;
            }

            return [[$fieldName, $value]];
        }

        $targetMapping = $targetClass->getFieldMapping($objectProperty);
        $objectPropertyIsId = $targetClass->isIdentifier($objectProperty);

        // Prepare DBRef identifiers or the mapped field's property path
        $fieldName = ($objectPropertyIsId && ! empty($mapping['reference']) && $mapping['storeAs'] !== ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_ID)
            ? ClassMetadata::getReferenceFieldName($mapping['storeAs'], $e[0])
            : $e[0] . '.' . $objectPropertyPrefix . $targetMapping['name'];

        // Process targetDocument identifier fields
        if ($objectPropertyIsId) {
            if (! $prepareValue) {
                return [[$fieldName, $value]];
            }

            if (! is_array($value)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $targetClass->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($value)]];
            }

            // Objects without operators or with DBRef fields can be converted immediately
            if (! $this->hasQueryOperators($value) || $this->hasDBRefFields($value)) {
                return [[$fieldName, $targetClass->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($value)]];
            }

            return [[$fieldName, $this->prepareQueryExpression($value, $targetClass)]];
        }

        /* The property path may include a third field segment, excluding the
         * collection item pointer. If present, this next object property must
         * be processed recursively.
         */
        if ($nextObjectProperty) {
            // Respect the targetDocument's class metadata when recursing
            $nextTargetClass = isset($targetMapping['targetDocument'])
                ? $this->dm->getClassMetadata($targetMapping['targetDocument'])
                : null;

            $fieldNames = $this->prepareQueryElement($nextObjectProperty, $value, $nextTargetClass, $prepareValue);

            return array_map(function ($preparedTuple) use ($fieldName) {
                list($key, $value) = $preparedTuple;

                return [$fieldName . '.' . $key, $value];
            }, $fieldNames);
        }

        return [[$fieldName, $value]];
    }

    /**
     * Prepares a query expression.
     *
     * @param array|object  $expression
     * @param ClassMetadata $class
     * @return array
     */
    private function prepareQueryExpression($expression, $class)
    {
        foreach ($expression as $k => $v) {
            // Ignore query operators whose arguments need no type conversion
            if (in_array($k, ['$exists', '$type', '$mod', '$size'])) {
                continue;
            }

            // Process query operators whose argument arrays need type conversion
            if (in_array($k, ['$in', '$nin', '$all']) && is_array($v)) {
                foreach ($v as $k2 => $v2) {
                    $expression[$k][$k2] = $class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($v2);
                }
                continue;
            }

            // Recursively process expressions within a $not operator
            if ($k === '$not' && is_array($v)) {
                $expression[$k] = $this->prepareQueryExpression($v, $class);
                continue;
            }

            $expression[$k] = $class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($v);
        }

        return $expression;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether the value has DBRef fields.
     *
     * This method doesn't check if the the value is a complete DBRef object,
     * although it should return true for a DBRef. Rather, we're checking that
     * the value has one or more fields for a DBref. In practice, this could be
     * $elemMatch criteria for matching a DBRef.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @return bool
     */
    private function hasDBRefFields($value)
    {
        if (! is_array($value) && ! is_object($value)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (is_object($value)) {
            $value = get_object_vars($value);
        }

        foreach ($value as $key => $_) {
            if ($key === '$ref' || $key === '$id' || $key === '$db') {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether the value has query operators.
     *
     * @param mixed $value
     * @return bool
     */
    private function hasQueryOperators($value)
    {
        if (! is_array($value) && ! is_object($value)) {
            return false;
        }

        if (is_object($value)) {
            $value = get_object_vars($value);
        }

        foreach ($value as $key => $_) {
            if (isset($key[0]) && $key[0] === '$') {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the array of discriminator values for the given ClassMetadata
     *
     * @return array
     */
    private function getClassDiscriminatorValues(ClassMetadata $metadata)
    {
        $discriminatorValues = [$metadata->discriminatorValue];
        foreach ($metadata->subClasses as $className) {
            $key = array_search($className, $metadata->discriminatorMap);
            if (! $key) {
                continue;
            }

            $discriminatorValues[] = $key;
        }

        // If a defaultDiscriminatorValue is set and it is among the discriminators being queries, add NULL to the list
        if ($metadata->defaultDiscriminatorValue && array_search($metadata->defaultDiscriminatorValue, $discriminatorValues) !== false) {
            $discriminatorValues[] = null;
        }

        return $discriminatorValues;
    }

    private function handleCollections($document, $options)
    {
        // Collection deletions (deletions of complete collections)
        foreach ($this->uow->getScheduledCollections($document) as $coll) {
            if (! $this->uow->isCollectionScheduledForDeletion($coll)) {
                continue;
            }

            $this->cp->delete($coll, $options);
        }
        // Collection updates (deleteRows, updateRows, insertRows)
        foreach ($this->uow->getScheduledCollections($document) as $coll) {
            if (! $this->uow->isCollectionScheduledForUpdate($coll)) {
                continue;
            }

            $this->cp->update($coll, $options);
        }
        // Take new snapshots from visited collections
        foreach ($this->uow->getVisitedCollections($document) as $coll) {
            $coll->takeSnapshot();
        }
    }

    /**
     * If the document is new, ignore shard key field value, otherwise throw an exception.
     * Also, shard key field should be present in actual document data.
     *
     * @param object $document
     * @param string $shardKeyField
     * @param array  $actualDocumentData
     *
     * @throws MongoDBException
     */
    private function guardMissingShardKey($document, $shardKeyField, $actualDocumentData)
    {
        $dcs = $this->uow->getDocumentChangeSet($document);
        $isUpdate = $this->uow->isScheduledForUpdate($document);

        $fieldMapping = $this->class->getFieldMappingByDbFieldName($shardKeyField);
        $fieldName = $fieldMapping['fieldName'];

        if ($isUpdate && isset($dcs[$fieldName]) && $dcs[$fieldName][0] !== $dcs[$fieldName][1]) {
            throw MongoDBException::shardKeyFieldCannotBeChanged($shardKeyField, $this->class->getName());
        }

        if (! isset($actualDocumentData[$fieldName])) {
            throw MongoDBException::shardKeyFieldMissing($shardKeyField, $this->class->getName());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get shard key aware query for single document.
     *
     * @param object $document
     *
     * @return array
     */
    private function getQueryForDocument($document)
    {
        $id = $this->uow->getDocumentIdentifier($document);
        $id = $this->class->getDatabaseIdentifierValue($id);

        $shardKeyQueryPart = $this->getShardKeyQuery($document);
        $query = array_merge(['_id' => $id], $shardKeyQueryPart);

        return $query;
    }

    /**
     * @param array $options
     *
     * @return array
     */
    private function getWriteOptions(array $options = [])
    {
        $defaultOptions = $this->dm->getConfiguration()->getDefaultCommitOptions();
        $documentOptions = [];
        if ($this->class->hasWriteConcern()) {
            $documentOptions['w'] = $this->class->getWriteConcern();
        }

        return array_merge($defaultOptions, $documentOptions, $options);
    }

    /**
     * @param string $fieldName
     * @param mixed  $value
     * @param array  $mapping
     * @param bool   $inNewObj
     * @return array
     */
    private function prepareReference($fieldName, $value, array $mapping, $inNewObj)
    {
        $reference = $this->dm->createReference($value, $mapping);
        if ($inNewObj || $mapping['storeAs'] === ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_ID) {
            return [[$fieldName, $reference]];
        }

        switch ($mapping['storeAs']) {
            case ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_REF:
                $keys = ['id' => true];
                break;

            case ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_DB_REF:
            case ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_DB_REF_WITH_DB:
                $keys = ['$ref' => true, '$id' => true, '$db' => true];

                if ($mapping['storeAs'] === ClassMetadata::REFERENCE_STORE_AS_DB_REF) {
                    unset($keys['$db']);
                }

                if (isset($mapping['targetDocument'])) {
                    unset($keys['$ref'], $keys['$db']);
                }
                break;

            default:
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Reference type %s is invalid.', $mapping['storeAs']));
        }

        if ($mapping['type'] === 'many') {
            return [[$fieldName, ['$elemMatch' => array_intersect_key($reference, $keys)]]];
        }

        return array_map(
            function ($key) use ($reference, $fieldName) {
                return [$fieldName . '.' . $key, $reference[$key]];
            },
            array_keys($keys)
        );
    }
}