Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like ManagesItemsTrait often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use ManagesItemsTrait, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php |
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| 18 | trait ManagesItemsTrait |
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| 19 | { |
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| 20 | /** |
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| 21 | * The items stored in the manager |
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| 22 | * @var array $items Items governed by manager |
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| 23 | */ |
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| 24 | protected $_items; |
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| 25 | |||
| 26 | /** |
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| 27 | * Name of the property to hold the data items. Internal use only |
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| 28 | * @var string |
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| 29 | */ |
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| 30 | protected $nameOfItemsRepository = '_items'; |
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| 31 | |||
| 32 | /** @var array Array of protected aliases */ |
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| 33 | protected $protectedItems = []; |
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| 34 | |||
| 35 | /* The user may also set $dataItemsName */ |
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| 36 | |||
| 37 | /** |
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| 38 | * Initializes a new manager instance. |
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| 39 | * |
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| 40 | * This is useful for implementations that have their own __construct method |
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| 41 | * This is an alias for reset() |
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| 42 | * |
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| 43 | * @param array $items |
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| 44 | * @return $this |
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| 45 | */ |
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| 46 | public function initManager($items = null) |
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| 66 | |||
| 67 | /** |
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| 68 | * Hydrate with external data, optionally append |
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| 69 | * |
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| 70 | * @param $data string The data to be hydrated into the manager |
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| 71 | * @param bool $append When true, data will be appended to the current set |
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| 72 | * @return $this |
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| 73 | */ |
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| 74 | public function hydrate($data, $append = false) |
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| 83 | |||
| 84 | /** |
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| 85 | * Adds a single item. |
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| 86 | * |
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| 87 | * Allow for dot notation (one.two.three) and item nesting. |
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| 88 | * |
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| 89 | * @param string $alias Key to be stored |
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| 90 | * @param mixed $item Value to be stored |
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| 91 | * @return $this |
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| 92 | */ |
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| 93 | public function add($alias, $item = null) |
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| 131 | |||
| 132 | /** |
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| 133 | * Updates an item |
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| 134 | * |
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| 135 | * @param string $alias |
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| 136 | * @param null $item |
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| 137 | * |
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| 138 | * @return $this |
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| 139 | */ |
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| 140 | public function set($alias, $item = null) |
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| 144 | |||
| 145 | /** |
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| 146 | * Push a value or values onto the end of an array inside manager |
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| 147 | * @param string $alias The level of nested data |
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| 148 | * @param mixed $value The first value to append |
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| 149 | * @param null|mixed $_ Optional other values to apend |
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| 150 | * @return int Number of items pushed |
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| 151 | * @throws ItemNotFoundException If pushing to unset array |
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| 152 | */ |
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| 153 | public function push($alias, $value, $_ = null) |
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| 175 | |||
| 176 | /** |
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| 177 | * Get a single item |
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| 178 | * |
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| 179 | * @param string $alias |
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| 180 | * @param string $fallback Defaults to '_michaels_no_fallback' so null can be a fallback |
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| 181 | * @throws \Michaels\Manager\Exceptions\ItemNotFoundException If item not found |
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| 182 | * @return mixed |
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| 183 | */ |
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| 184 | public function get($alias, $fallback = '_michaels_no_fallback') |
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| 199 | |||
| 200 | /** |
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| 201 | * Return an item if it exist |
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| 202 | * @param $alias |
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| 203 | * @return NoItemFoundMessage |
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| 204 | */ |
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| 205 | public function getIfExists($alias) |
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| 218 | |||
| 219 | /** |
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| 220 | * Return an item if it exist |
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| 221 | * Alias of getIfExists() |
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| 222 | * |
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| 223 | * @param $alias |
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| 224 | * @return NoItemFoundMessage |
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| 225 | */ |
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| 226 | public function getIfHas($alias) |
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| 230 | |||
| 231 | /** |
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| 232 | * Return all items as array |
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| 233 | * |
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| 234 | * @return array |
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| 235 | */ |
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| 236 | public function getAll() |
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| 241 | |||
| 242 | /** |
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| 243 | * Return all items as array |
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| 244 | * Alias of getAll() |
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| 245 | * @return array |
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| 246 | */ |
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| 247 | public function all() |
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| 251 | |||
| 252 | /** |
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| 253 | * Confirm or deny that an item exists |
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| 254 | * |
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| 255 | * @param $alias |
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| 256 | * @return bool |
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| 257 | */ |
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| 258 | public function exists($alias) |
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| 271 | |||
| 272 | /** |
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| 273 | * Confirm or deny that an item exists |
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| 274 | * Alias of exists() |
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| 275 | * |
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| 276 | * @param $alias |
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| 277 | * @return bool |
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| 278 | */ |
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| 279 | public function has($alias) |
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| 283 | |||
| 284 | |||
| 285 | /** |
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| 286 | * Confirm that manager has no items |
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| 287 | * @return boolean |
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| 288 | */ |
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| 289 | public function isEmpty() |
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| 294 | |||
| 295 | /** |
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| 296 | * Deletes an item |
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| 297 | * |
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| 298 | * @param $alias |
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| 299 | * @return $this |
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| 300 | */ |
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| 301 | public function remove($alias) |
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| 317 | |||
| 318 | /** |
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| 319 | * Clear the manager |
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| 320 | * @return $this |
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| 321 | */ |
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| 322 | public function clear() |
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| 328 | |||
| 329 | /** |
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| 330 | * Reset the manager with an array of items |
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| 331 | * Alias of initManager() |
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| 332 | * |
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| 333 | * @param array $items |
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| 334 | * @return mixed |
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| 335 | */ |
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| 336 | public function reset($items) |
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| 340 | |||
| 341 | /** |
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| 342 | * Guard an alias from being modified |
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| 343 | * @param $item |
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| 344 | * @return $this |
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| 345 | */ |
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| 346 | public function protect($item) |
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| 351 | |||
| 352 | /** |
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| 353 | * Merge a set of defaults with the current items |
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| 354 | * @param array $defaults |
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| 355 | * @return $this |
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| 356 | */ |
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| 357 | public function loadDefaults(array $defaults) |
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| 362 | |||
| 363 | /** |
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| 364 | * Returns the name of the property that holds data items |
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| 365 | * @return string |
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| 366 | */ |
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| 367 | public function getItemsName() |
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| 371 | |||
| 372 | /** |
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| 373 | * Sets the name of the property that holds data items |
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| 374 | * @param $nameOfItemsRepository |
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| 375 | * @return $this |
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| 376 | */ |
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| 377 | public function setItemsName($nameOfItemsRepository) |
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| 382 | |||
| 383 | /** |
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| 384 | * Get the collection of items as JSON. |
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| 385 | * |
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| 386 | * @param int $options |
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| 387 | * @return string |
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| 388 | */ |
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| 389 | public function toJson($options = 0) |
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| 393 | |||
| 394 | /** |
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| 395 | * When manager instance is used as a string, return json of items |
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| 396 | * @return string |
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| 397 | */ |
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| 398 | public function __toString() |
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| 402 | |||
| 403 | /** |
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| 404 | * Prepare the returned value |
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| 405 | * @param $value |
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| 406 | * @return mixed |
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| 407 | */ |
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| 408 | protected function prepareReturnedValue($value) |
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| 418 | |||
| 419 | /** |
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| 420 | * Recursively merge defaults array and items array |
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| 421 | * @param array $defaults |
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| 422 | * @param string $level |
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| 423 | */ |
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| 424 | protected function mergeDefaults(array $defaults, $level = '') |
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| 441 | |||
| 442 | /** |
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| 443 | * Cycle through the nests to see if an item is protected |
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| 444 | * @param $item |
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| 445 | */ |
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| 446 | protected function checkIfProtected($item) |
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| 461 | |||
| 462 | /** |
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| 463 | * Throws an exception if item is protected |
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| 464 | * @param $item |
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| 465 | */ |
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| 466 | protected function performProtectedCheck($item) |
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| 472 | } |
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| 473 |
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: