Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
Complex classes like ManagesItemsTrait often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use ManagesItemsTrait, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
1 | <?php |
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18 | trait ManagesItemsTrait |
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19 | { |
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20 | /** |
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21 | * The items stored in the manager |
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22 | * @var array $items Items governed by manager |
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23 | */ |
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24 | protected $_items; |
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25 | |||
26 | /** |
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27 | * Name of the property to hold the data items. Internal use only |
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28 | * @var string |
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29 | */ |
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30 | protected $nameOfItemsRepository = '_items'; |
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31 | |||
32 | /** @var array Array of protected aliases */ |
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33 | protected $protectedItems = []; |
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34 | |||
35 | /* The user may also set $dataItemsName */ |
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36 | |||
37 | /** |
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38 | * Initializes a new manager instance. |
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39 | * |
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40 | * This is useful for implementations that have their own __construct method |
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41 | * This is an alias for reset() |
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42 | * |
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43 | * @param array $items |
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44 | * @return $this |
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45 | */ |
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46 | public function initManager($items = null) |
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66 | |||
67 | /** |
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68 | * Hydrate with external data, optionally append |
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69 | * |
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70 | * @param $data string The data to be hydrated into the manager |
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71 | * @param bool $append When true, data will be appended to the current set |
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72 | * @return $this |
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73 | */ |
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74 | public function hydrate($data, $append = false) |
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83 | |||
84 | /** |
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85 | * Adds a single item. |
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86 | * |
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87 | * Allow for dot notation (one.two.three) and item nesting. |
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88 | * |
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89 | * @param string $alias Key to be stored |
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90 | * @param mixed $item Value to be stored |
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91 | * @return $this |
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92 | */ |
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93 | public function add($alias, $item = null) |
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131 | |||
132 | /** |
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133 | * Updates an item |
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134 | * |
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135 | * @param string $alias |
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136 | * @param null $item |
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137 | * |
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138 | * @return $this |
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139 | */ |
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140 | public function set($alias, $item = null) |
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144 | |||
145 | /** |
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146 | * Push a value or values onto the end of an array inside manager |
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147 | * @param string $alias The level of nested data |
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148 | * @param mixed $value The first value to append |
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149 | * @param null|mixed $_ Optional other values to apend |
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150 | * @return int Number of items pushed |
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151 | * @throws ItemNotFoundException If pushing to unset array |
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152 | */ |
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153 | public function push($alias, $value, $_ = null) |
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175 | |||
176 | /** |
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177 | * Get a single item |
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178 | * |
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179 | * @param string $alias |
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180 | * @param string $fallback Defaults to '_michaels_no_fallback' so null can be a fallback |
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181 | * @throws \Michaels\Manager\Exceptions\ItemNotFoundException If item not found |
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182 | * @return mixed |
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183 | */ |
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184 | public function get($alias, $fallback = '_michaels_no_fallback') |
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199 | |||
200 | /** |
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201 | * Return an item if it exist |
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202 | * @param $alias |
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203 | * @return NoItemFoundMessage |
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204 | */ |
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205 | public function getIfExists($alias) |
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218 | |||
219 | /** |
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220 | * Return an item if it exist |
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221 | * Alias of getIfExists() |
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222 | * |
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223 | * @param $alias |
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224 | * @return NoItemFoundMessage |
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225 | */ |
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226 | public function getIfHas($alias) |
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230 | |||
231 | /** |
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232 | * Return all items as array |
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233 | * |
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234 | * @return array |
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235 | */ |
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236 | public function getAll() |
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241 | |||
242 | /** |
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243 | * Return all items as array |
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244 | * Alias of getAll() |
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245 | * @return array |
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246 | */ |
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247 | public function all() |
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251 | |||
252 | /** |
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253 | * Confirm or deny that an item exists |
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254 | * |
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255 | * @param $alias |
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256 | * @return bool |
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257 | */ |
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258 | public function exists($alias) |
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271 | |||
272 | /** |
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273 | * Confirm or deny that an item exists |
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274 | * Alias of exists() |
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275 | * |
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276 | * @param $alias |
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277 | * @return bool |
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278 | */ |
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279 | public function has($alias) |
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283 | |||
284 | |||
285 | /** |
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286 | * Confirm that manager has no items |
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287 | * @return boolean |
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288 | */ |
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289 | public function isEmpty() |
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294 | |||
295 | /** |
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296 | * Deletes an item |
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297 | * |
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298 | * @param $alias |
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299 | * @return $this |
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300 | */ |
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301 | public function remove($alias) |
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317 | |||
318 | /** |
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319 | * Clear the manager |
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320 | * @return $this |
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321 | */ |
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322 | public function clear() |
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328 | |||
329 | /** |
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330 | * Reset the manager with an array of items |
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331 | * Alias of initManager() |
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332 | * |
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333 | * @param array $items |
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334 | * @return mixed |
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335 | */ |
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336 | public function reset($items) |
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340 | |||
341 | /** |
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342 | * Guard an alias from being modified |
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343 | * @param $item |
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344 | * @return $this |
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345 | */ |
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346 | public function protect($item) |
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351 | |||
352 | /** |
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353 | * Merge a set of defaults with the current items |
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354 | * @param array $defaults |
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355 | * @return $this |
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356 | */ |
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357 | public function loadDefaults(array $defaults) |
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362 | |||
363 | /** |
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364 | * Returns the name of the property that holds data items |
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365 | * @return string |
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366 | */ |
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367 | public function getItemsName() |
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371 | |||
372 | /** |
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373 | * Sets the name of the property that holds data items |
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374 | * @param $nameOfItemsRepository |
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375 | * @return $this |
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376 | */ |
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377 | public function setItemsName($nameOfItemsRepository) |
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382 | |||
383 | /** |
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384 | * Get the collection of items as JSON. |
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385 | * |
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386 | * @param int $options |
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387 | * @return string |
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388 | */ |
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389 | public function toJson($options = 0) |
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393 | |||
394 | /** |
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395 | * When manager instance is used as a string, return json of items |
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396 | * @return string |
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397 | */ |
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398 | public function __toString() |
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402 | |||
403 | /** |
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404 | * Prepare the returned value |
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405 | * @param $value |
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406 | * @return mixed |
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407 | */ |
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408 | protected function prepareReturnedValue($value) |
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418 | |||
419 | /** |
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420 | * Recursively merge defaults array and items array |
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421 | * @param array $defaults |
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422 | * @param string $level |
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423 | */ |
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424 | protected function mergeDefaults(array $defaults, $level = '') |
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441 | |||
442 | /** |
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443 | * Cycle through the nests to see if an item is protected |
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444 | * @param $item |
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445 | */ |
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446 | protected function checkIfProtected($item) |
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461 | |||
462 | /** |
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463 | * Throws an exception if item is protected |
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464 | * @param $item |
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465 | */ |
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466 | protected function performProtectedCheck($item) |
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472 | } |
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473 |
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: