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                    1
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                "Some utility methods"  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    2
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                from __future__ import division  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    3
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                import numpy as np  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    4
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                from numpy import cos  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    5
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                from numpy import pi  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    6
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                from numpy import sin  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    7
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                    8
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                from astropy.coordinates import Angle  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    9
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                from astropy.units import Quantity  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    10
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                from astropy.units.core import UnitConversionError  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    11
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                    12
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                    13
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                def parse_DM(in_DM):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    14
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                    """ Convert, as necessary, DM into float  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    15
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                    """  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    16
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                    if isinstance(in_DM, float):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    17
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                        DM = in_DM  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    18
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                    elif isinstance(in_DM, Quantity):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    19
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                        DM = in_DM.to('pc/cm**3').value | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    20
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                    else:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    21
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                        raise IOError("Bad format for input DM") | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    22
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                    # Return  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    23
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                    return DM  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    24
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                    25
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                    26
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                def parse_lbd(in_l, in_b, in_d):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    27
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                    """ Convert, as necessary, l,b,d into floats  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    28
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                    Parameters  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    29
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                    ----------  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    30
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                    in_l : float or Angle  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    31
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                      Galactic longitude; assumed deg if unitless  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    32
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                    in_b : float  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    33
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                      Galactic latitude; assumed deg if unitless  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    34
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                    in_d : float or Quantity  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    35
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                      Distance to source; assumed kpc if unitless  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    36
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                    37
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                    Returns  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    38
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                    -------  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    39
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                    l : float  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    40
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                    b : float  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    41
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                    d : float  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    42
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                      Distance in kpc  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    43
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                    44
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                    """  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    45
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                    # l  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    46
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                    if isinstance(in_l, float):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    47
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                        l = in_l  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    48
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                    elif isinstance(in_l, int):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    49
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                        l = float(in_l)  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    50
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                    elif isinstance(in_l, (Angle,Quantity)):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    51
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                        l = in_l.value  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    52
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                    else:  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    53
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                        raise IOError("Bad format for input Galactic longitude") | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    54
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                    # b  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    55
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                    if isinstance(in_b, float):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    56
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                        b = in_b  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    57
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                    elif isinstance(in_b, int):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    58
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                        b = float(in_b)  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    59
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                    elif isinstance(in_b, (Angle,Quantity)):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    60
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                        b = in_b.value  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    61
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                    else:  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    62
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                        raise IOError("Bad format for input Galactic latitude") | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    63
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                    # d  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    64
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                    if isinstance(in_d, float):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    65
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                        d = in_d  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    66
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                    elif isinstance(in_d, int):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    67
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                        d = float(in_d)  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    68
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                    elif isinstance(in_d, (Quantity)):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    69
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                        d = in_d.to('kpc').value | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    70
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                    else:  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    71
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                        raise IOError("Bad format for input distance") | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    72
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                    # Return  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    73
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                    return l,b,d  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    74
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                    75
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                    76
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                def galactic_to_galactocentric(l, b, distance, xyz_sun):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    77
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                    slc = sin(l/180*pi)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    78
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                    clc = cos(l/180*pi)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    79
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                    sbc = sin(b/180*pi)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    80
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                    cbc = cos(b/180*pi)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    81
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                    rgalc = distance*cbc  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    82
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                    xc = xyz_sun[0] + rgalc*slc  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    83
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                    yc = xyz_sun[1] - rgalc*clc  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    84
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                    zc = xyz_sun[-1] + distance*sbc  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    85
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                    return np.array([xc, yc, zc])  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    86
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                    87
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                    88
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                def lzproperty(attribute):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    89
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                    """  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    90
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                    Lazy property: evaluate property only once  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    91
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                    """  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    92
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                    save_att = '_' + attribute.__name__  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    93
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                    94
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                    @property  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    95
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                    def _get(self):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    96
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                        try:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    97
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                            return getattr(self, save_att)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    98
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                        except AttributeError:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    99
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                            setattr(self, save_att, attribute(self))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    100
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                        return getattr(self, save_att)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    101
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                    return _get  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    102
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                    103
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                    104
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                def rotation(theta, axis=-1):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    105
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                    """  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    106
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                    Return a rotation matrix around axis  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    107
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                    0:x, 1:y, 2:z  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    108
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                    """  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    109
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                    ct = cos(theta)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    110
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                    st = sin(theta)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    111
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    112
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                    if axis in (0, -3):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    113
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                        return np.array([[1, 0, 0],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    114
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                                         [0, ct, st],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    115
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                                         [0, -st, ct]])  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    116
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    117
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                    if axis in (1, -2):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    118
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                        return np.array([[ct, 0, st],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    119
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                                         [0, 1, 0],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    120
                 | 
                                    
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                                         [-st, 0, ct]])  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    121
                 | 
                                    
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    122
                 | 
                                    
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                    if axis in (2, -1):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    123
                 | 
                                    
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                        return np.array([[ct, st, 0],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    124
                 | 
                                    
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                                         [-st, ct, 0],  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    125
                 | 
                                    
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                                         [0, 0, 1]])  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    126
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                    127
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                    128
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                 | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                    129
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