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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace Azine\MailgunWebhooksBundle\Tests\Entity;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use Azine\MailgunWebhooksBundle\Entity\MailgunEvent;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                class MailgunEventTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Do not allow country or region to be set to 'Unknown'  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function testCannotSetAsUnknown()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $event = new MailgunEvent();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $event->setCountry('Unknown'); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->assertNull($event->getCountry());  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $event->setRegion('Unknown'); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->assertNull($event->getRegion());  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Test decoding of Json into messageHeaders property  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @dataProvider messageHeadersJsonString  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @param string $jsonStringHeaders  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function testSetMessageHeaders($jsonStringHeaders)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        // force strict error-checking. PHPunit will convert to exceptions  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $oldErrorlevel = error_reporting(-1);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $event = new MailgunEvent();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $actual = $event->setMessageHeaders($jsonStringHeaders);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->assertSame($event, $actual);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        error_reporting($oldErrorlevel);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * Return sample JSON strings to be decoded.  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     *  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * @return array one or more strings of JSON to parse  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function messageHeadersJsonString()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $tests[0][] = <<<'EOT'  | 
            
                            
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                {"geolocation":{"country":"Unknown","region":"Unknown","city":"Unknown"}, | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "tags":[],"ip":"12.123.12.12","log-level":"info","id":"_mGv6HusfhsdbjnR-wGGzx",  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "campaigns":[],"user-variables":{},"recipient-domain":"example.com", | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "timestamp":1506682072.767605,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "client-info":{"client-os":"Windows","device-type":"desktop","client-name":"Firefox", | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "client-type":"browser",  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:11.0) Gecko Firefox/11.0 (via ggpht.com GoogleImageProxy)"},  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "message":{"headers":{ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "message-id":"[email protected]"}},  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                "recipient":"[email protected]","event":"opened"}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                EOT;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $tests;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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Adding an explicit array definition is generally preferable to implicit array definition as it guarantees a stable state of the code.
Let’s take a look at an example:
As you can see in this example, the array
$myArrayis initialized the first time when the foreach loop is entered. You can also see that the value of thebarkey is only written conditionally; thus, its value might result from a previous iteration.This might or might not be intended. To make your intention clear, your code more readible and to avoid accidental bugs, we recommend to add an explicit initialization $myArray = array() either outside or inside the foreach loop.