| 
                    1
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    2
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                Utilities and auxiliary functions.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    3
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    4
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                :author: Andreas Kanz  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    5
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    6
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    7
                 | 
                                    
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                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    8
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                # Imports  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    9
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                import numpy as np  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    10
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                import pandas as pd  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    11
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    12
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                | 
                    13
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _corr_selector(corr, split=None, threshold=0):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    14
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    15
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Select correlations based on the provided parameters.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    16
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    17
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Parameters  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    18
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    ----------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    19
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    corr: List or matrix of correlations.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    20
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    21
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    split: {None, 'pos', 'neg', 'high', 'low'}, default None | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    22
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        Type of split to be performed.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    23
                 | 
                                    
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    24
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    threshold: float, default 0  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    25
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        Value between 0 <= threshold <= 1  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    26
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
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                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    27
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Returns:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    28
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    -------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    29
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    corr: List or matrix of (filtered) correlations.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    30
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    31
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    32
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    if split == 'pos':  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    33
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        corr = corr.where((corr >= threshold) & (corr > 0))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    34
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        print('Displaying positive correlations. Use "threshold" to further limit the results.') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    35
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    elif split == 'neg':  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    36
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        corr = corr.where((corr <= threshold) & (corr < 0))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    37
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        print('Displaying negative correlations. Use "threshold" to further limit the results.') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    38
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    elif split == 'high':  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    39
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        corr = corr.where(np.abs(corr) >= threshold)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    40
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        print(f'Displaying absolute correlations above the threshold ({threshold}).') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    41
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    elif split == 'low':  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    42
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        corr = corr.where(np.abs(corr) <= threshold)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    43
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        print(f'Displaying absolute correlations below the threshold ({threshold}).') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    44
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    else:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    45
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        corr = corr  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    46
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    47
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return corr  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    48
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    49
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    50
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _drop_duplicates(data):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    51
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    52
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Provides information and drops duplicate rows.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    53
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    54
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Parameters  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    55
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    ----------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    56
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data: 2D dataset that can be coerced into Pandas DataFrame.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    57
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    58
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Returns  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    59
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    -------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    60
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data: Deduplicated Pandas DataFrame  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    61
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    rows_dropped: Index Object of rows dropped.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    62
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    63
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    64
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data = pd.DataFrame(data).copy()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    65
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    rows_dropped = data[data.duplicated()].index  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    66
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data = data.drop_duplicates()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    67
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    68
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return data, rows_dropped  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    69
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    70
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    71
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _memory_usage(data):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    72
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    73
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Gives the total memory usage in kilobytes.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    74
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    75
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Parameters  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    76
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    ----------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    77
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data: 2D dataset that can be coerced into Pandas DataFrame.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    78
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    79
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Returns  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    80
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    -------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    81
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    memory_usage: float  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    82
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    83
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    84
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data = pd.DataFrame(data).copy()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    85
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    memory_usage = round(data.memory_usage(index=True, deep=True).sum()/1024, 2)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    86
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    87
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return memory_usage  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    88
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    89
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    90
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _missing_vals(data):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    91
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    92
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Gives metrics of missing values in the dataset.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    93
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    94
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Parameters  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    95
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    ----------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    96
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data: 2D dataset that can be coerced into Pandas DataFrame.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    97
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    98
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    Returns  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    99
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    -------  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    100
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_total: float, number of missing values in the entire dataset  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    101
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_rows: float, number of missing values in each row  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    102
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_cols: float, number of missing values in each column  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    103
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_rows_ratio: float, ratio of missing values for each row  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    104
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_cols_ratio: float, ratio of missing values for each column  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    105
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    '''  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    106
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    107
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    data = pd.DataFrame(data).copy()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    108
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_rows = data.isna().sum(axis=1)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    109
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_cols = data.isna().sum(axis=0)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    110
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_total = data.isna().sum().sum()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    111
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_rows_ratio = mv_rows/data.shape[1]  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    112
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    mv_cols_ratio = mv_cols/data.shape[0]  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    113
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    114
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    return {'mv_total': mv_total, | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    115
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            'mv_rows': mv_rows,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    116
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            'mv_cols': mv_cols,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    117
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            'mv_rows_ratio': mv_rows_ratio,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    118
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            'mv_cols_ratio': mv_cols_ratio}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    119
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    120
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    121
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _validate_input_range(value, desc, lower, upper):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    122
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    if value < lower or value > upper:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    123
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        raise ValueError(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    124
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                            f'Input value for {desc} is {value} but should be in the range {lower} <= {desc} <= {upper}.') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    125
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    126
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    127
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _validate_input_int(value, desc):  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    128
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    if type(value) != int:  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    129
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        raise TypeError(f'Input value for {desc} is {type(value)} but should be an integer.') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    130
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    131
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    132
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                def _validate_input_bool(value, desc):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    133
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                    if not(isinstance(value, bool)):  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    134
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                        raise ValueError(f'Input value for {desc} is {value} but should be boolean.') | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
                | 
                    135
                 | 
                                    
                                                     | 
                
                 | 
                 |