Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 15 | class UserController extends Controller  | 
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| 16 | { | 
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| 17 | /**  | 
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| 18 | * Constructor  | 
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| 19 | */  | 
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| 20 | public function __construct()  | 
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| 21 |     { | 
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| 22 | parent::__construct();  | 
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| 23 | |||
| 24 | $action = Route::getFacadeRoot()->current()->getActionMethod();  | 
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| 25 | |||
| 26 |         if (in_array($action, ['index', 'show'])) { | 
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| 27 |             $this->breadcrumbs->addCrumb('Users', route('users.user.index')); | 
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| 28 | }  | 
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| 29 | }  | 
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| 30 | |||
| 31 | /**  | 
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| 32 | * Show all the users.  | 
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| 33 | *  | 
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| 34 | * @return \Illuminate\View\View  | 
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| 35 | */  | 
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| 36 | public function index(): View  | 
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| 40 | |||
| 41 | /**  | 
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| 42 | * Show the user profile page.  | 
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| 43 | *  | 
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| 44 | * @param string $slug The slug of the user.  | 
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| 45 | *  | 
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| 46 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\View\View  | 
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| 47 | */  | 
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| 48 | public function show(Request $request, string $slug)  | 
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| 77 | |||
| 78 | /**  | 
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| 79 | * Show the settings form.  | 
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| 80 | *  | 
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| 81 | * @return \Illuminate\View\View  | 
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| 82 | */  | 
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| 83 | public function showSettingsForm(): View  | 
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| 91 | |||
| 92 | /**  | 
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| 93 | * Handle an update request for the user.  | 
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| 94 | *  | 
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| 95 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 96 | *  | 
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| 97 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 98 | */  | 
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| 99 | public function update(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 116 | |||
| 117 | /**  | 
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| 118 | * Handle the delete request for the user.  | 
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| 119 | *  | 
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| 120 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 121 | *  | 
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| 122 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 123 | */  | 
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| 124 | View Code Duplication | public function delete(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 145 | |||
| 146 | /**  | 
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| 147 | * Handle a E-mail update request for the user.  | 
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| 148 | *  | 
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| 149 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 150 | *  | 
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| 151 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 152 | */  | 
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| 153 | protected function updateEmail(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 162 | |||
| 163 | /**  | 
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| 164 | * Handle a Password update request for the user.  | 
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| 165 | *  | 
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| 166 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 167 | *  | 
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| 168 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 169 | */  | 
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| 170 | protected function updatePassword(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 187 | }  | 
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| 188 | 
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: