Duplicate code is one of the most pungent code smells. A rule that is often used is to re-structure code once it is duplicated in three or more places.
Common duplication problems, and corresponding solutions are:
| 1 | <?php  | 
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| 14 | class UserController extends Controller  | 
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| 15 | { | 
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| 16 | /**  | 
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| 17 | * Constructor  | 
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| 18 | */  | 
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| 19 | public function __construct()  | 
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| 30 | |||
| 31 | /**  | 
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| 32 | * Show all the users.  | 
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| 33 | *  | 
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| 34 | * @return \Illuminate\View\View  | 
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| 35 | */  | 
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| 36 | public function index(): View  | 
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| 40 | |||
| 41 | /**  | 
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| 42 | * Show the user profile page.  | 
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| 43 | *  | 
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| 44 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse|\Illuminate\View\View  | 
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| 45 | */  | 
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| 46 | public function show(Request $request, $slug, $id)  | 
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| 69 | |||
| 70 | /**  | 
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| 71 | * Show the settings form.  | 
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| 72 | *  | 
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| 73 | * @return \Illuminate\View\View  | 
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| 74 | */  | 
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| 75 | public function showSettingsForm(): View  | 
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| 83 | |||
| 84 | /**  | 
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| 85 | * Handle an update request for the user.  | 
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| 86 | *  | 
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| 87 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 88 | *  | 
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| 89 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 90 | */  | 
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| 91 | public function update(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 108 | |||
| 109 | /**  | 
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| 110 | * Handle the delete request for the user.  | 
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| 111 | *  | 
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| 112 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 113 | *  | 
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| 114 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 115 | */  | 
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| 116 | public function delete(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 137 | |||
| 138 | /**  | 
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| 139 | * Handle a E-mail update request for the user.  | 
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| 140 | *  | 
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| 141 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 142 | *  | 
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| 143 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 144 | */  | 
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| 145 | protected function updateEmail(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 154 | |||
| 155 | /**  | 
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| 156 | * Handle a Password update request for the user.  | 
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| 157 | *  | 
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| 158 | * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request  | 
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| 159 | *  | 
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| 160 | * @return \Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse  | 
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| 161 | */  | 
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| 162 | protected function updatePassword(Request $request): RedirectResponse  | 
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| 179 | }  | 
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| 180 | 
In PHP it is possible to write to properties without declaring them. For example, the following is perfectly valid PHP code:
Generally, it is a good practice to explictly declare properties to avoid accidental typos and provide IDE auto-completion: