| 1 |  |  | # Copyright (c) 2008-2015 MetPy Developers. | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 2 |  |  | # Distributed under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License. | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 3 |  |  | # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 4 |  |  | """Tests for the `turbulence` module.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 5 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 6 |  |  | import numpy as np | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 7 |  |  | from numpy.testing import assert_almost_equal, assert_array_equal | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 8 |  |  | import pytest | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 9 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 10 |  |  | from metpy.calc.turbulence import friction_velocity, get_perturbation, kinematic_flux, tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 11 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 12 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 13 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 14 |  |  | # TKE Tests | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 15 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 16 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 17 |  |  | def uvw_and_known_tke(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 18 |  |  |     """Provide a set of u,v,w with a known tke value.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 19 |  |  |     u = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 20 |  |  |     v = -u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 21 |  |  |     w = 2 * u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 22 |  |  |     #  0.5 * sqrt(2 + 2 + 8) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 23 |  |  |     e_true = np.sqrt(12) / 2. | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 24 |  |  |     return u, v, w, e_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 25 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 26 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 27 |  |  | def test_no_tke_1d(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 28 |  |  |     """Test tke calculation where the expected value is 0.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 29 |  |  |     observations = 5 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 30 |  |  |     # given all the values are the same, there should not be any tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 31 |  |  |     u = np.ones(observations) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 32 |  |  |     v = np.ones(observations) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 33 |  |  |     w = np.ones(observations) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 34 |  |  |     e_zero = 0 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 35 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_zero, tke(u, v, w)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 36 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 37 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 38 |  |  | def test_no_tke_2d_axis_last(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 39 |  |  |     """Test 0 tke calculation with 2D arrays; calculation axis is last.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 40 |  |  |     observations = 5 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 41 |  |  |     instruments = 2 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 42 |  |  |     # given all the values are the same, there should not be any tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 43 |  |  |     u = np.ones((instruments, observations)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 44 |  |  |     v = np.ones((instruments, observations)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 45 |  |  |     w = np.ones((instruments, observations)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 46 |  |  |     e_zero = np.zeros(instruments) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 47 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_zero, tke(u, v, w, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 48 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 49 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 50 |  |  | def test_no_tke_2d_axis_first(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 51 |  |  |     """Test 0 tke calculation with 2D arrays; calculation axis is first.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 52 |  |  |     observations = 5 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 53 |  |  |     instruments = 2 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 54 |  |  |     # given all the values are the same, there should not be any tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 55 |  |  |     u = np.ones((observations, instruments)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 56 |  |  |     v = np.ones((observations, instruments)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 57 |  |  |     w = np.ones((observations, instruments)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 58 |  |  |     e_zero = np.zeros(instruments) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 59 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_zero, tke(u, v, w, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 60 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 61 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 62 |  |  | def test_known_tke(uvw_and_known_tke): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 63 |  |  |     """Test basic behavior of tke with known values.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 64 |  |  |     u, v, w, e_true = uvw_and_known_tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 65 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_true, tke(u, v, w)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 66 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 67 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 68 |  |  | def test_known_tke_2d_axis_last(uvw_and_known_tke): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 69 |  |  |     """Test array with shape (3, 5) [pretend time axis is -1].""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 70 |  |  |     u, v, w, e_true = uvw_and_known_tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 71 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 72 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 73 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 74 |  |  |     e_true = e_true * np.ones(3) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 75 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_true, tke(u, v, w, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 76 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 77 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 78 |  |  | def test_known_tke_2d_axis_first(uvw_and_known_tke): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 79 |  |  |     """Test array with shape (5, 3) [pretend time axis is 0].""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 80 |  |  |     u, v, w, e_true = uvw_and_known_tke | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 81 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 82 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 83 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 84 |  |  |     e_true = e_true * np.ones(3).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 85 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_true, tke(u, v, w, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 86 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(e_true, tke(u, v, w, axis=0, perturbation=True)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 87 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 88 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 89 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 90 |  |  | # Perturbation tests | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 91 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 92 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 93 |  |  | def pert_zero_mean(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 94 |  |  |     """Return time series with zero-mean and perturbations.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 95 |  |  |     ts = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 96 |  |  |     pert_true = ts.copy() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 97 |  |  |     return ts, pert_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 98 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 99 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 100 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 101 |  |  | def pert_nonzero_mean(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 102 |  |  |     """Return time seres with non-zero-mean and perturbations.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 103 |  |  |     ts = np.array([-2, 0, 2, 4, 6]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 104 |  |  |     # ts.mean() = 2 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 105 |  |  |     pert_true = np.array([-4, -2, 0, 2, 4]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 106 |  |  |     return ts, pert_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 107 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 108 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 109 |  |  | def test_no_perturbation_1d(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 110 |  |  |     """Test with uniform data in 1D.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 111 |  |  |     observations = 5 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 112 |  |  |     # given all the values are the same, there should not be perturbations | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 113 |  |  |     ts = np.ones(observations) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 114 |  |  |     pert_zero = 0 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 115 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_zero, get_perturbation(ts)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 116 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 117 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 118 |  |  | def test_no_perturbation_2d_axis_last(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 119 |  |  |     """Test with uniform data in 2D along the last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 120 |  |  |     observations = 5 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 121 |  |  |     instruments = 2 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 122 |  |  |     # given all the values are the same, there should not be perturbations | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 123 |  |  |     ts = np.ones((instruments, observations)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 124 |  |  |     pert_zero = np.zeros((instruments, observations)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 125 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_zero, get_perturbation(ts, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 126 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 127 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 128 |  |  | def test_no_perturbation_2d_axis_first(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 129 |  |  |     """Test with uniform data in 2D along the first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 130 |  |  |     observations = 5 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 131 |  |  |     instruments = 2 | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 132 |  |  |     # given all the values are the same, there should not be perturbations | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 133 |  |  |     ts = np.ones((observations, instruments)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 134 |  |  |     pert_zero = np.zeros((observations, instruments)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 135 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_zero, get_perturbation(ts, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 136 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 137 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 138 |  |  | def test_known_perturbation_zero_mean_1d(pert_zero_mean): | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 139 |  |  |     """Test with zero-mean data in 1D.""" | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 140 |  |  |     ts, pert_known = pert_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 141 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_known, get_perturbation(ts)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 142 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 143 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 144 |  |  | def test_known_perturbation_zero_mean_2d_axis_last(pert_zero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 145 |  |  |     """Test with zero-mean data in 2D along the last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 146 |  |  |     ts, pert_known = pert_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 147 |  |  |     ts = np.array([ts, ts, ts]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 148 |  |  |     pert_known = np.array([pert_known, pert_known, pert_known]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 149 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_known, get_perturbation(ts, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 150 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 151 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 152 |  |  | def test_known_perturbation_zero_mean_2d_axis_first(pert_zero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 153 |  |  |     """Test with zero-mean data in 2D along the first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 154 |  |  |     ts, pert_known = pert_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 155 |  |  |     ts = np.array([ts, ts, ts]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 156 |  |  |     pert_known = np.array([pert_known, pert_known, pert_known]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 157 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_known, get_perturbation(ts, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 158 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 159 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 160 |  |  | def test_known_perturbation_nonzero_mean_1d(pert_nonzero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 161 |  |  |     """Test with non-zero-mean data in 1D.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 162 |  |  |     ts, pert_known = pert_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 163 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_known, get_perturbation(ts)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 164 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 165 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 166 |  |  | def test_known_perturbation_nonzero_mean_2d_axis_last(pert_nonzero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 167 |  |  |     """Test with non-zero-mean data in 2D along the last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 168 |  |  |     ts, pert_known = pert_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 169 |  |  |     ts = np.array([ts, ts, ts]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 170 |  |  |     pert_known = np.array([pert_known, pert_known, pert_known]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 171 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_known, get_perturbation(ts, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 172 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 173 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 174 |  |  | def test_known_perturbation_nonzero_mean_2d_axis_first(pert_nonzero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 175 |  |  |     """Test with non-zero-mean data in 2D along the first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 176 |  |  |     ts, pert_known = pert_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 177 |  |  |     ts = np.array([ts, ts, ts]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 178 |  |  |     pert_known = np.array([pert_known, pert_known, pert_known]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 179 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(pert_known, get_perturbation(ts, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 180 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 181 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 182 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 183 |  |  | # Kinematic Flux Tests | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 184 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 185 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 186 |  |  | def uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 187 |  |  |     """Return components and kinematic flux for zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 188 |  |  |     u = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 189 |  |  |     v = -u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 190 |  |  |     w = 2 * u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 191 |  |  |     kf_true = {'uv': -2, 'uw': 4, 'vw': -4} | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 192 |  |  |     return u, v, w, kf_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 193 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 194 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 195 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 196 |  |  | def uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 197 |  |  |     """Return components and kinematic flux for non-zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 198 |  |  |     u = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 5]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 199 |  |  |     v = -u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 200 |  |  |     w = 2 * u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 201 |  |  |     kf_true = {'uv': -5.84, 'uw': 11.68, 'vw': -11.68} | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 202 |  |  |     return u, v, w, kf_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 203 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 204 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 205 |  |  | def test_kf_1d_zero_mean(uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 206 |  |  |     """Test kinematic flux calculation in 1D with zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 207 |  |  |     u, v, w, kf_true = uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 208 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 209 |  |  |                        kf_true['uv']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 210 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 211 |  |  |                        kf_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 212 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 213 |  |  |                        kf_true['vw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 214 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 215 |  |  |     # given u, v, and w have a zero mean, the kf computed with | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 216 |  |  |     # perturbation=True and perturbation=False should be the same | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 217 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 218 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=True)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 219 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 220 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=True)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 221 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 222 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=True)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 223 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 224 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 225 |  |  | def test_kf_1d_nonzero_mean(uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 226 |  |  |     """Test kinematic flux calculation in 1D with non-zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 227 |  |  |     u, v, w, kf_true = uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 228 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 229 |  |  |                        kf_true['uv']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 230 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 231 |  |  |                        kf_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 232 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 233 |  |  |                        kf_true['vw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 234 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 235 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 236 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_kf_2d_axis_last_zero_mean(uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 237 |  |  |     """Test kinematic flux calculation in 2D with zero-mean time series along last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 238 |  |  |     u, v, w, kf_true = uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 239 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 240 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 241 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 242 |  |  |     for key in kf_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 243 |  |  |         tmp = kf_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 244 |  |  |         kf_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 245 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 246 |  |  |                        kf_true['uv']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 247 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 248 |  |  |                        kf_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 249 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 250 |  |  |                        kf_true['vw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 251 |  |  |     # given u, v, and w have a zero mean, the kf computed with | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 252 |  |  |     # perturbation=True and perturbation=False should be the same | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 253 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 254 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=True, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 255 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 256 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=True, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 257 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 258 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=True, axis=-1)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 259 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 260 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 261 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_kf_2d_axis_last_nonzero_mean(uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 262 |  |  |     """Test kinematic flux calculation in 2D with non-zero-mean time series along last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 263 |  |  |     u, v, w, kf_true = uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 264 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 265 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 266 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 267 |  |  |     for key in kf_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 268 |  |  |         tmp = kf_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 269 |  |  |         kf_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 270 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 271 |  |  |                        kf_true['uv']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 272 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 273 |  |  |                        kf_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 274 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False, axis=-1), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 275 |  |  |                        kf_true['vw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 276 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 277 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 278 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_kf_2d_axis_first_zero_mean(uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 279 |  |  |     """Test kinematic flux calculation in 2D with zero-mean time series along first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 280 |  |  |     u, v, w, kf_true = uvw_and_known_kf_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 281 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 282 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 283 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 284 |  |  |     for key in kf_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 285 |  |  |         tmp = kf_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 286 |  |  |         kf_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 287 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 288 |  |  |                        kf_true['uv']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 289 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 290 |  |  |                        kf_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 291 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 292 |  |  |                        kf_true['vw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 293 |  |  |     # given u, v, and w have a zero mean, the kf computed with | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 294 |  |  |     # perturbation=True and perturbation=False should be the same | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 295 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 296 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=True, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 297 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 298 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=True, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 299 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 300 |  |  |                        kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=True, axis=0)) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 301 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 302 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 303 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_kf_2d_axis_first_nonzero_mean(uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 304 |  |  |     """Test kinematic flux in 2D with non-zero-mean time series along first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 305 |  |  |     u, v, w, kf_true = uvw_and_known_kf_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 306 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 307 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 308 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 309 |  |  |     for key in kf_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 310 |  |  |         tmp = kf_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 311 |  |  |         kf_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 312 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, v, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 313 |  |  |                        kf_true['uv']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 314 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(u, w, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 315 |  |  |                        kf_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 316 |  |  |     assert_array_equal(kinematic_flux(v, w, perturbation=False, axis=0), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 317 |  |  |                        kf_true['vw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 318 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 319 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 320 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 321 |  |  | # Friction Velocity Tests | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 322 |  |  | # | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 323 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 324 |  |  | def uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 325 |  |  |     """Return components and friction velocity for a zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 326 |  |  |     u = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 327 |  |  |     v = -u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 328 |  |  |     w = 2 * u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 329 |  |  |     u_star_true = {'uw': 2.0, 'uwvw': 2.3784142300054421} | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 330 |  |  |     return u, v, w, u_star_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 331 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 332 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 333 |  |  | @pytest.fixture() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 334 |  |  | def uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 335 |  |  |     """Return components and friction velocity for a non-zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 336 |  |  |     u = np.array([-2, -1, 0, 1, 5]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 337 |  |  |     v = -u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 338 |  |  |     w = 2 * u | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 339 |  |  |     u_star_true = {'uw': 3.4176014981270124, 'uwvw': 4.0642360178166017} | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 340 |  |  |     return u, v, w, u_star_true | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 341 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 342 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 343 |  |  | def test_u_star_1d_zero_mean(uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 344 |  |  |     """Test friction velocity in 1D with a zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 345 |  |  |     u, v, w, u_star_true = uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 346 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 347 |  |  |                         u_star_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 348 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, v=v, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 349 |  |  |                         u_star_true['uwvw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 350 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 351 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 352 |  |  | def test_u_star_1d_nonzero_mean(uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 353 |  |  |     """Test friction velocity in 1D with a non-zero-mean time series.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 354 |  |  |     u, v, w, u_star_true = uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 355 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 356 |  |  |                         u_star_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 357 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, v=v, perturbation=False), | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 358 |  |  |                         u_star_true['uwvw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 359 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 360 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 361 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_u_star_2d_axis_last_zero_mean(uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
                                                                                     | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 362 |  |  |     """Test friction velocity in 2D with a zero-mean time series along the last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 363 |  |  |     u, v, w, u_star_true = uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 364 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 365 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 366 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 367 |  |  |     for key in u_star_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 368 |  |  |         tmp = u_star_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 369 |  |  |         u_star_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 370 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 371 |  |  |                         axis=-1), u_star_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 372 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, v=v, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 373 |  |  |                         axis=-1), u_star_true['uwvw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 374 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 375 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 376 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_u_star_2d_axis_last_nonzero_mean(uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
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                | 377 |  |  |     """Test friction velocity in 2D with a non-zero-mean time series along the last axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 378 |  |  |     u, v, w, u_star_true = uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 379 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 380 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 381 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 382 |  |  |     for key in u_star_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 383 |  |  |         tmp = u_star_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 384 |  |  |         u_star_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 385 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 386 |  |  |                         axis=-1), u_star_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 387 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, v=v, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 388 |  |  |                         axis=-1), u_star_true['uwvw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 389 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 390 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 391 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_u_star_2d_axis_first_zero_mean(uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
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                | 392 |  |  |     """Test friction velocity in 2D with a zero-mean time series along the first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 393 |  |  |     u, v, w, u_star_true = uvw_and_known_u_star_zero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 394 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 395 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 396 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 397 |  |  |     for key in u_star_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 398 |  |  |         tmp = u_star_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 399 |  |  |         u_star_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 400 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 401 |  |  |                         axis=0), u_star_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 402 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, v=v, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 403 |  |  |                         axis=0), u_star_true['uwvw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 404 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 405 |  |  |  | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
                | 406 |  | View Code Duplication | def test_u_star_2d_axis_first_nonzero_mean(uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean): | 
                            
                    |  |  |  | 
                                                                                        
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                | 407 |  |  |     """Test friction velocity in 2D with a non-zero-mean time series along the first axis.""" | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 408 |  |  |     u, v, w, u_star_true = uvw_and_known_u_star_nonzero_mean | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 409 |  |  |     u = np.array([u, u, u]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 410 |  |  |     v = np.array([v, v, v]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 411 |  |  |     w = np.array([w, w, w]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 412 |  |  |     for key in u_star_true.keys(): | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 413 |  |  |         tmp = u_star_true[key] | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 414 |  |  |         u_star_true[key] = np.array([tmp, tmp, tmp]).transpose() | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 415 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 416 |  |  |                         axis=0), u_star_true['uw']) | 
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
                | 417 |  |  |     assert_almost_equal(friction_velocity(u, w, v=v, perturbation=False, | 
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
                | 418 |  |  |                         axis=0), u_star_true['uwvw']) | 
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
                | 419 |  |  |  |