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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                declare(strict_types=1);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\Parser\SyntaxTree;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                /*  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * This file belongs to the package "TYPO3 Fluid".  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * See LICENSE.txt that was shipped with this package.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Component\AbstractComponent;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Component\ComponentInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Component\EmbeddedComponentInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use TYPO3Fluid\Fluid\Core\Rendering\RenderingContextInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * Entry node. Used to represent either the root  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * entry point of a template tree, or a section  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * within the template tree. Common for EntryNode  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * is that:  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * - It supports arguments that become variables  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * - It supports setting the name of the node which  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *   allows it to be returned from getNamedChild.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * - It is an EmbeddedComponent which means that it  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *   is only rendered when explicitly calling the  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *   evaluate() method on the instance itself, it  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *   is not rendered when rendering the parent node.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * EntryNode instances can be resolved directly  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * from getTypedChildren to extract all sections  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * within a tree; or getNamedChild can be used  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * to extract an EntryNode (or an EntryNode child  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * of another EntryNode to any nesting depth by  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * using dotted path as argument for getNamedChild).  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                class EntryNode extends AbstractComponent implements EmbeddedComponentInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    protected $escapeOutput = false;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function setName(?string $name): ComponentInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->name = $name;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function evaluate(RenderingContextInterface $renderingContext)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $renderingContext = clone $renderingContext;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $renderingContext->setVariableProvider(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            $renderingContext->getVariableProvider()->getScopeCopy(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $this->getArguments()->setRenderingContext($renderingContext)->getArrayCopy()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            )  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return parent::evaluate($renderingContext);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function onOpen(RenderingContextInterface $renderingContext): ComponentInterface  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->getArguments()->setRenderingContext($renderingContext)->validate();  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return parent::onOpen($renderingContext);  | 
            
                            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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If you return a value from a function or method, it should be a sub-type of the type that is given by the parent type f.e. an interface, or abstract method. This is more formally defined by the Lizkov substitution principle, and guarantees that classes that depend on the parent type can use any instance of a child type interchangably. This principle also belongs to the SOLID principles for object oriented design.
Let’s take a look at an example:
Our function
my_functionexpects aPostobject, and outputs the author of the post. The base classPostreturns a simple string and outputting a simple string will work just fine. However, the child classBlogPostwhich is a sub-type ofPostinstead decided to return anobject, and is therefore violating the SOLID principles. If aBlogPostwere passed tomy_function, PHP would not complain, but ultimately fail when executing thestrtouppercall in its body.