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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                declare(strict_types=1);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace PH\Bundle\CoreBundle\Doctrine\ORM;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use Doctrine\ORM\QueryBuilder;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use PH\Component\Core\Model\SubscriptionInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use PH\Component\Core\Repository\SubscriptionRepositoryInterface;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                use Sylius\Bundle\ResourceBundle\Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                class SubscriptionRepository extends EntityRepository implements SubscriptionRepositoryInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * {@inheritdoc} | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function findOneBySubscriptionId(string $id): ?SubscriptionInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->createQueryBuilder('o') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->andWhere('o.id = :id') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->leftJoin('o.items', 'i') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->addSelect('i') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->setParameter('id', $id) | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->getQuery()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->getOneOrNullResult()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        ;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * {@inheritdoc} | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function getOneByToken(string $token): ?SubscriptionInterface  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->createQueryBuilder('o') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->andWhere('o.tokenValue = :token') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->leftJoin('o.items', 'i') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->addSelect('i') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->setParameter('token', $token) | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->getQuery()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->getOneOrNullResult()  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        ;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function applyCustomCriteria(QueryBuilder $queryBuilder, array $criteria = []): void  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        foreach ($criteria as $key => $criterion) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            if (false !== strpos($key, 'metadata.')) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $explodedValueArray = explode(',', $criterion); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $queryBuilder  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                    ->andWhere($queryBuilder->expr()->eq(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                        'metadata.key',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                        $queryBuilder->expr()->literal(str_replace('metadata.', '', $key)) | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                    ))  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                ;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $orX = $queryBuilder->expr()->orX();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                foreach ($explodedValueArray as $item) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                    $orX->add($queryBuilder->expr()->eq('metadata.value', $queryBuilder->expr()->literal($item))); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                $queryBuilder  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                    ->andWhere($orX)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                ;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                                unset($criteria[$key]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        }  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    /**  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     * {@inheritdoc} | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                     */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    public function createPaginator(array $criteria = [], array $sorting = []): iterable  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                    { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $queryBuilder = $this->createQueryBuilder('o') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                            ->leftJoin('o.metadata', 'metadata') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        ;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->applyCustomCriteria($queryBuilder, $criteria);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->applyCriteria($queryBuilder, $criteria);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        $this->applySorting($queryBuilder, $sorting);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                        return $this->getPaginator($queryBuilder);  | 
            
                            
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                    }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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If you return a value from a function or method, it should be a sub-type of the type that is given by the parent type f.e. an interface, or abstract method. This is more formally defined by the Lizkov substitution principle, and guarantees that classes that depend on the parent type can use any instance of a child type interchangably. This principle also belongs to the SOLID principles for object oriented design.
Let’s take a look at an example:
Our function
my_functionexpects aPostobject, and outputs the author of the post. The base classPostreturns a simple string and outputting a simple string will work just fine. However, the child classBlogPostwhich is a sub-type ofPostinstead decided to return anobject, and is therefore violating the SOLID principles. If aBlogPostwere passed tomy_function, PHP would not complain, but ultimately fail when executing thestrtouppercall in its body.