Complex classes like Kohana_Jam_Model often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Kohana_Jam_Model, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php defined('SYSPATH') OR die('No direct script access.'); | 
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| 14 | abstract class Kohana_Jam_Model extends Jam_Validated { | 
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| 15 | |||
| 16 | /**  | 
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| 17 | * @var boolean Whether or not the model is loaded  | 
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| 18 | */  | 
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| 19 | protected $_loaded = FALSE;  | 
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| 20 | |||
| 21 | /**  | 
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| 22 | * @var boolean Whether or not the model is saved  | 
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| 23 | */  | 
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| 24 | protected $_saved = FALSE;  | 
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| 25 | |||
| 26 | /**  | 
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| 27 | * @var boolean Whether or not the model is saving  | 
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| 28 | */  | 
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| 29 | protected $_is_saving = FALSE;  | 
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| 30 | |||
| 31 | /**  | 
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| 32 | * @var Boolean A flag that indicates a record has been deleted from the database  | 
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| 33 | */  | 
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| 34 | protected $_deleted = FALSE;  | 
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| 35 | |||
| 36 | /**  | 
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| 37 | * Constructor.  | 
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| 38 | *  | 
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| 39 | * A key can be passed to automatically load a model by its  | 
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| 40 | * unique key.  | 
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| 41 | *  | 
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| 42 | * @param mixed|null $key  | 
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                         | 
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| 43 | */  | 
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| 44 | 384 | public function __construct($meta_name = NULL)  | 
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| 55 | |||
| 56 | /**  | 
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| 57 | * Gets the value for a field.  | 
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| 58 | *  | 
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| 59 | * @param string $name The field's name  | 
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| 60 | * @return array|mixed  | 
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| 61 | */  | 
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| 62 | 170 | public function get($name)  | 
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| 73 | |||
| 74 | public function __isset($name)  | 
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| 78 | |||
| 79 | /**  | 
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| 80 | * Sets the value of a field.  | 
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| 81 | *  | 
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| 82 | * You can pass an array of key => value pairs  | 
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| 83 | * to set multiple fields at the same time:  | 
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| 84 | *  | 
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| 85 | * $model->set(array(  | 
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| 86 | * 'field1' => 'value',  | 
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| 87 | * 'field2' => 'value',  | 
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| 88 | * ....  | 
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| 89 | * ));  | 
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| 90 | *  | 
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| 91 | * @param array|string $values  | 
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| 92 | * @param string $value  | 
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| 93 | * @return $this  | 
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| 94 | */  | 
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| 95 | 63 | public function set($values, $value = NULL)  | 
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| 96 | 	{ | 
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| 97 | 		// Accept set('name', 'value'); | 
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| 98 | 63 | if ( ! is_array($values))  | 
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| 99 | 63 | 		{ | 
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| 100 | 51 | $values = array($values => $value);  | 
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| 101 | 51 | }  | 
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| 102 | |||
| 103 | 63 | foreach ($values as $key => & $value)  | 
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| 104 | 		{ | 
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| 105 | 63 | if ($association = $this->meta()->association($key))  | 
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| 106 | 63 | 			{ | 
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| 107 | 20 | if ($association->readonly)  | 
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| 108 | 20 | 					throw new Kohana_Exception('Cannot change the value of :name, its readonly', array(':name' => $association->name)); | 
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| 109 | |||
| 110 | 20 | $this->_changed[$association->name] = $association->set($this, $value, TRUE);  | 
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| 111 | |||
| 112 | 20 | unset($this->_retrieved[$association->name]);  | 
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| 113 | 20 | unset($values[$key]);  | 
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| 114 | 20 | }  | 
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| 115 | 63 | }  | 
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| 116 | |||
| 117 | 63 | parent::set($values);  | 
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| 118 | |||
| 119 | 63 | if ($this->_saved AND $this->changed())  | 
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| 120 | 63 | 		{ | 
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| 121 | 18 | $this->_saved = FALSE;  | 
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| 122 | 18 | }  | 
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| 123 | |||
| 124 | 63 | return $this;  | 
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| 125 | }  | 
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| 126 | |||
| 127 | /**  | 
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| 128 | * Clears the object and loads an array of values into the object.  | 
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| 129 | *  | 
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| 130 | * This should only be used for setting from database results  | 
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| 131 | * since the model declares itself as saved and loaded after.  | 
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| 132 | *  | 
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| 133 | * @param Jam_Model|array $values  | 
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| 134 | * @return $this  | 
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| 135 | */  | 
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| 136 | 157 | public function load_fields($values)  | 
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| 137 | 	{ | 
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| 138 | // Clear the object  | 
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| 139 | 157 | $this->clear();  | 
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| 140 | |||
| 141 | 157 | 		$this->meta()->events()->trigger('model.before_load', $this); | 
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| 142 | |||
| 143 | 157 | $this->_loaded = TRUE;  | 
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| 144 | |||
| 145 | 157 | $columns = array();  | 
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| 146 | |||
| 147 | 157 | foreach ($this->meta()->fields() as $key => $field)  | 
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| 148 | 		{ | 
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| 149 | 157 | $columns[$field->column] = $field;  | 
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| 150 | 157 | }  | 
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| 151 | |||
| 152 | 157 | foreach ($values as $key => $value)  | 
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| 153 | 		{ | 
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| 154 | 154 | if ($field = $this->meta()->field($key))  | 
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| 155 | 154 | 			{ | 
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| 156 | 154 | $this->_original[$field->name] = $field->set($this, $value, FALSE);  | 
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| 157 | 154 | }  | 
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| 158 | 23 | elseif (isset($columns[$key]))  | 
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| 159 | 			{ | 
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| 160 | $field = $columns[$key];  | 
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| 161 | 1 | $this->_original[$field->name] = $field->set($this, $value, FALSE);  | 
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| 162 | }  | 
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| 163 | 23 | elseif ($association = $this->meta()->association($key))  | 
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| 164 | 			{ | 
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| 165 | 8 | $association_value = $association->load_fields($this, $value, FALSE);  | 
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| 166 | 8 | if (is_object($association_value))  | 
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| 167 | 8 | 				{ | 
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| 168 | 8 | $this->_retrieved[$association->name] = $association->load_fields($this, $value, FALSE);  | 
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| 169 | 8 | }  | 
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| 170 | else  | 
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| 171 | 				{ | 
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| 172 | 1 | $this->_changed[$association->name] = $association_value;  | 
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| 173 | }  | 
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| 174 | 8 | }  | 
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| 175 | else  | 
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| 176 | 			{ | 
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| 177 | 15 | $this->_unmapped[$key] = $value;  | 
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| 178 | }  | 
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| 179 | 157 | }  | 
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| 180 | |||
| 181 | // Model is now saved and loaded  | 
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| 182 | 157 | $this->_saved = TRUE;  | 
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| 183 | |||
| 184 | 157 | 		$this->meta()->events()->trigger('model.after_load', $this); | 
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| 185 | |||
| 186 | 157 | return $this;  | 
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| 187 | }  | 
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| 188 | |||
| 189 | /**  | 
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| 190 | * Validates the current model's data  | 
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| 191 | *  | 
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| 192 | * @throws Jam_Exception_Validation  | 
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| 193 | * @param Validation|null $extra_validation  | 
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| 194 | * @return bool  | 
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| 195 | */  | 
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| 196 | 11 | public function check($force = FALSE)  | 
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| 197 | 	{ | 
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| 198 | 11 | $this->_move_retrieved_to_changed();  | 
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| 199 | |||
| 200 | 11 | return parent::check( ! $this->loaded() OR $force);  | 
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| 201 | }  | 
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| 202 | |||
| 203 | 644 | protected function _move_retrieved_to_changed()  | 
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| 213 | |||
| 214 | 15 | public function update_fields($values, $value = NULL)  | 
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| 215 | 	{ | 
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| 216 | 15 | if ( ! $this->loaded())  | 
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| 217 | 			throw new Kohana_Exception('Model must be loaded to use update_fields method'); | 
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| 218 | |||
| 219 | if ( ! is_array($values))  | 
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| 220 | 		{ | 
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| 221 | $values = array($values => $value);  | 
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| 222 | }  | 
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| 223 | |||
| 224 | $this->set($values);  | 
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| 225 | |||
| 226 | Jam::update($this)  | 
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| 227 | ->where_key($this->id())  | 
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| 228 | ->set($values)  | 
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| 229 | ->execute();  | 
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| 230 | |||
| 231 | return $this;  | 
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| 232 | }  | 
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| 233 | |||
| 234 | /**  | 
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| 235 | * Creates or updates the current record.  | 
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| 236 | *  | 
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| 237 | * @param bool|null $validate  | 
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| 238 | * @return $this  | 
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| 239 | */  | 
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| 240 | 54 | public function save($validate = NULL)  | 
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| 241 | 	{ | 
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| 242 | 10 | if ($this->_is_saving)  | 
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| 243 | 10 | 			throw new Kohana_Exception("Cannot save a model that is already in the process of saving"); | 
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| 244 | |||
| 245 | |||
| 246 | 10 | $key = $this->_original[$this->meta()->primary_key()];  | 
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| 247 | |||
| 248 | // Run validation  | 
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| 249 | 10 | if ($validate !== FALSE)  | 
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| 250 | 10 | 		{ | 
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| 251 | 10 | $this->check_insist();  | 
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| 252 | 10 | }  | 
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| 253 | |||
| 254 | 10 | $this->_is_saving = TRUE;  | 
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| 255 | |||
| 256 | // These will be processed later  | 
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| 257 | 10 | $values = $defaults = array();  | 
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| 258 | |||
| 259 | 10 | 		if ($this->meta()->events()->trigger('model.before_save', $this, array($this->_changed)) === FALSE) | 
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| 260 | 10 | 		{ | 
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| 261 | return $this;  | 
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| 262 | }  | 
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| 263 | |||
| 264 | // Trigger callbacks and ensure we should proceed  | 
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| 265 | 10 | $event_type = $key ? 'update' : 'create';  | 
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| 266 | |||
| 267 | 10 | 		if ($this->meta()->events()->trigger('model.before_'.$event_type, $this, array($this->_changed)) === FALSE) | 
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| 268 | 10 | 		{ | 
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| 269 | return $this;  | 
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| 270 | }  | 
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| 271 | |||
| 272 | 10 | $this->_move_retrieved_to_changed();  | 
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| 273 | |||
| 274 | // Iterate through all fields in original in case any unchanged fields  | 
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| 275 | // have convert() behavior like timestamp updating...  | 
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| 276 | //  | 
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| 277 | 10 | foreach (array_merge($this->_original, $this->_changed) as $column => $value)  | 
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| 278 | 		{ | 
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| 279 | 10 | if ($field = $this->meta()->field($column))  | 
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| 280 | 10 | 			{ | 
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| 281 | // Only save in_db values  | 
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| 282 | 10 | if ($field->in_db)  | 
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| 283 | 10 | 				{ | 
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| 284 | // See if field wants to alter the value on save()  | 
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| 285 | 10 | $value = $field->convert($this, $value, $key);  | 
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| 286 | |||
| 287 | // Only set the value to be saved if it's changed from the original  | 
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| 288 | 10 | if ($value !== $this->_original[$column])  | 
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| 289 | 10 | 					{ | 
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| 290 | 7 | $values[$field->column] = $value;  | 
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| 291 | 54 | }  | 
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| 292 | // Or if we're INSERTing and we need to set the defaults for the first time  | 
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| 293 | 10 | elseif ( ! $key AND ( ! $this->changed($field->name) OR $field->default === $value) AND ! $field->primary)  | 
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| 294 | 					{ | 
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| 295 | 8 | $defaults[$field->column] = $field->default;  | 
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| 296 | 8 | }  | 
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| 297 | 10 | }  | 
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| 298 | 10 | }  | 
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| 299 | 10 | }  | 
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| 300 | |||
| 301 | // If we have a key, we're updating  | 
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| 302 | if ($key)  | 
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| 303 | 10 | 		{ | 
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| 304 | // Do we even have to update anything in the row?  | 
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| 305 | if ($values)  | 
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| 306 | 4 | 			{ | 
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| 307 | 3 | Jam::update($this)  | 
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| 308 | 3 | ->where_key($key)  | 
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| 309 | 3 | ->set($values)  | 
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| 310 | 3 | ->execute();  | 
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| 311 | 3 | }  | 
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| 312 | 4 | }  | 
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| 313 | else  | 
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| 314 | 		{ | 
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| 315 | 8 | $insert_values = array_merge($defaults, $values);  | 
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| 316 | 8 | list($id) = Jam::insert($this)  | 
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| 317 | 8 | ->columns(array_keys($insert_values))  | 
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| 318 | 8 | ->values(array_values($insert_values))  | 
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| 319 | 8 | ->execute();  | 
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| 320 | |||
| 321 | // Gotta make sure to set this  | 
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| 322 | 8 | $key = $values[$this->meta()->primary_key()] = $id;  | 
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| 323 | }  | 
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| 324 | |||
| 325 | // Re-set any saved values; they may have changed  | 
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| 326 | 10 | $this->set($values);  | 
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| 327 | |||
| 328 | 10 | $this->_loaded = $this->_saved = TRUE;  | 
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| 329 | |||
| 330 | 10 | 		$this->meta()->events()->trigger('model.after_save', $this, array($this->_changed, $event_type)); | 
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| 331 | |||
| 332 | 10 | 		$this->meta()->events()->trigger('model.after_'.$event_type, $this, array($this->_changed)); | 
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| 333 | |||
| 334 | // Set the changed data back as original  | 
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| 335 | 10 | $this->_original = array_merge($this->_original, $this->_changed);  | 
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| 336 | |||
| 337 | 10 | $this->_changed = array();  | 
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| 338 | |||
| 339 | 10 | foreach ($this->_retrieved as $name => $retrieved)  | 
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| 340 | 		{ | 
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| 341 | 7 | if (($association = $this->meta()->association($name)))  | 
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| 342 | 7 | 			{ | 
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| 343 | 2 | if ($association instanceof Jam_Association_Collection)  | 
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| 344 | 2 | 				{ | 
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| 345 | 1 | $retrieved->clear_changed();  | 
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| 346 | 1 | }  | 
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| 347 | 2 | }  | 
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| 348 | 7 | elseif (($field = $this->meta()->field($name)) AND $field->in_db)  | 
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| 349 | 			{ | 
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| 350 | 7 | unset($this->_retrieved[$name]);  | 
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| 351 | 7 | }  | 
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| 352 | 10 | }  | 
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| 353 | |||
| 354 | 10 | $this->_is_saving = FALSE;  | 
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| 355 | |||
| 356 | 10 | return $this;  | 
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| 357 | }  | 
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| 358 | |||
| 359 | /**  | 
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| 360 | * Deletes a single record.  | 
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| 361 | *  | 
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| 362 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 363 | **/  | 
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| 364 | 10 | public function delete()  | 
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| 390 | |||
| 391 | /**  | 
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| 392 | * Removes any changes made to a model.  | 
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| 393 | *  | 
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| 394 | * This method only works on loaded models.  | 
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| 395 | *  | 
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| 396 | * @return $this  | 
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| 397 | */  | 
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| 398 | public function revert()  | 
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| 410 | |||
| 411 | /**  | 
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| 412 | * Sets a model to its original state, as if freshly instantiated  | 
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| 413 | *  | 
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| 414 | * @return $this  | 
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| 415 | */  | 
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| 416 | 157 | public function clear()  | 
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| 425 | |||
| 426 | 1 | public function get_insist($attribute_name)  | 
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| 427 | 	{ | 
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| 428 | 1 | $attribute = $this->__get($attribute_name);  | 
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| 429 | |||
| 430 | 1 | if ($attribute === NULL)  | 
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| 431 | 1 | 			throw new Jam_Exception_Notfound('The association :name was empty on :model_name', NULL, array( | 
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| 432 | 1 | ':name' => $attribute_name,  | 
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| 433 | 1 | ':model_name' => (string) $this,  | 
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| 434 | 1 | ));  | 
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| 435 | |||
| 436 | 1 | return $attribute;  | 
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| 437 | }  | 
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| 438 | |||
| 439 | 1 | public function build($association_name, array $attributes = array())  | 
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| 440 | 	{ | 
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| 441 | 1 | $association = $this->meta()->association($association_name);  | 
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| 442 | |||
| 443 | 1 | if ( ! $association)  | 
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| 444 | 1 | 			throw new Kohana_Exception('There is no association named :association_name on model :model', array(':association_name' => $association_name, ':model' => $this->meta()->model())); | 
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| 445 | |||
| 446 | 1 | if ($association instanceof Jam_Association_Collection)  | 
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| 447 | 1 | 			throw new Kohana_Exception(':association_name association must not be a collection on model :model', array(':association_name' => $association_name, ':model' => $this->meta()->model())); | 
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| 448 | |||
| 449 | 1 | $item = $association->build($this, $attributes);  | 
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| 450 | |||
| 451 | 1 | $this->set($association_name, $item);  | 
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| 452 | |||
| 453 | 1 | return $item;  | 
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| 454 | }  | 
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| 455 | |||
| 456 | /**  | 
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| 457 | * Returns whether or not the model is loaded  | 
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| 458 | *  | 
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| 459 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 460 | */  | 
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| 461 | 73 | public function loaded()  | 
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| 465 | |||
| 466 | public function loaded_insist()  | 
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| 467 | 	{ | 
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| 468 | if ( ! $this->loaded())  | 
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| 469 | 			throw new Jam_Exception_NotLoaded("Model not loaded", $this); | 
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| 470 | |||
| 471 | return $this;  | 
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| 472 | }  | 
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| 473 | |||
| 474 | /**  | 
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| 475 | * Whether or not the model is saved  | 
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| 476 | *  | 
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| 477 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 478 | */  | 
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| 479 | 10 | public function saved()  | 
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| 483 | |||
| 484 | /**  | 
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| 485 | * Whether or not the model is in the process of being saved  | 
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| 486 | *  | 
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| 487 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 488 | */  | 
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| 489 | 4 | public function is_saving()  | 
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| 493 | |||
| 494 | /**  | 
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| 495 | * Whether or not the model is deleted  | 
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| 496 | *  | 
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| 497 | * @return boolean  | 
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| 498 | */  | 
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| 499 | public function deleted()  | 
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| 503 | |||
| 504 | /**  | 
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| 505 | * Build a new model object based on the current one, but without an ID, so it can be saved as a new object  | 
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| 506 | * @return Jam_Model  | 
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| 507 | */  | 
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| 508 | 1 | public function duplicate()  | 
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| 509 | 	{ | 
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| 510 | 1 | $fields = $this->as_array();  | 
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| 511 | |||
| 512 | 1 | unset($fields[$this->meta()->primary_key()]);  | 
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| 513 | |||
| 514 | 1 | return Jam::build($this->meta()->model(), $fields);  | 
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| 515 | }  | 
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| 516 | |||
| 517 | /**  | 
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| 518 | * Returns a string representation of the model in the  | 
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| 519 | * form of `Model_Name (id)` or `Model_Name (NULL)` if  | 
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| 520 | * the model is not loaded.  | 
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| 521 | *  | 
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| 522 | * This is designed to be useful for debugging.  | 
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| 523 | *  | 
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| 524 | * @return string  | 
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| 525 | */  | 
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| 526 | 2 | public function __toString()  | 
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| 530 | |||
| 531 | 644 | public function serialize()  | 
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| 532 | 	{ | 
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| 533 | 644 | $this->_move_retrieved_to_changed();  | 
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| 534 | |||
| 535 | 644 | return serialize(array(  | 
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| 536 | 644 | 'original' => $this->_original,  | 
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| 537 | 644 | 'changed' => $this->_changed,  | 
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| 538 | 644 | 'unmapped' => $this->_unmapped,  | 
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| 539 | 644 | 'saved' => $this->_saved,  | 
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| 540 | 644 | 'loaded' => $this->_loaded,  | 
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| 541 | 644 | 'deleted' => $this->_deleted,  | 
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| 542 | 644 | ));  | 
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| 543 | }  | 
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| 544 | |||
| 545 | 644 | public function unserialize($data)  | 
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| 566 | }  | 
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| 567 | 
This check looks for PHPDoc comments describing methods or function parameters that do not exist on the corresponding method or function.
Consider the following example. The parameter
$italyis not defined by the methodfinale(...).The most likely cause is that the parameter was removed, but the annotation was not.