Complex classes like Kohana_Jam_Meta often do a lot of different things. To break such a class down, we need to identify a cohesive component within that class. A common approach to find such a component is to look for fields/methods that share the same prefixes, or suffixes. You can also have a look at the cohesion graph to spot any un-connected, or weakly-connected components.
Once you have determined the fields that belong together, you can apply the Extract Class refactoring. If the component makes sense as a sub-class, Extract Subclass is also a candidate, and is often faster.
While breaking up the class, it is a good idea to analyze how other classes use Kohana_Jam_Meta, and based on these observations, apply Extract Interface, too.
| 1 | <?php defined('SYSPATH') OR die('No direct script access.'); | 
            ||
| 13 | abstract class Kohana_Jam_Meta { | 
            ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | /**  | 
            ||
| 16 | * @var boolean If this is FALSE, properties can still be set on the meta object  | 
            ||
| 17 | */  | 
            ||
| 18 | protected $_initialized = FALSE;  | 
            ||
| 19 | |||
| 20 | /**  | 
            ||
| 21 | * @var string The model this meta object belongs to  | 
            ||
| 22 | */  | 
            ||
| 23 | protected $_model = NULL;  | 
            ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | /**  | 
            ||
| 26 | * @var string The database key to use for connection  | 
            ||
| 27 | */  | 
            ||
| 28 | protected $_db;  | 
            ||
| 29 | |||
| 30 | /**  | 
            ||
| 31 | * @var string The table this model represents, defaults to the model name pluralized  | 
            ||
| 32 | */  | 
            ||
| 33 | protected $_table = '';  | 
            ||
| 34 | |||
| 35 | /**  | 
            ||
| 36 | * @var string The primary key, defaults to the first Field_Primary found.  | 
            ||
| 37 | * This can be referenced in query building as :primary_key  | 
            ||
| 38 | */  | 
            ||
| 39 | protected $_primary_key = '';  | 
            ||
| 40 | |||
| 41 | /**  | 
            ||
| 42 | * @var string The title key. This can be referenced in query building as :name_key  | 
            ||
| 43 | */  | 
            ||
| 44 | protected $_name_key = 'name';  | 
            ||
| 45 | |||
| 46 | /**  | 
            ||
| 47 | * @var string The foreign key for use in other tables. This can be referenced in query building as :foreign_key  | 
            ||
| 48 | */  | 
            ||
| 49 | protected $_foreign_key = '';  | 
            ||
| 50 | |||
| 51 | /**  | 
            ||
| 52 | * @var string The method needed to get the item  | 
            ||
| 53 | */  | 
            ||
| 54 | protected $_unique_key = '';  | 
            ||
| 55 | |||
| 56 | /**  | 
            ||
| 57 | * @var string The polymorphic key for the model tree.  | 
            ||
| 58 | */  | 
            ||
| 59 | protected $_polymorphic_key = NULL;  | 
            ||
| 60 | |||
| 61 | /**  | 
            ||
| 62 | * @var array An array of this model's children  | 
            ||
| 63 | */  | 
            ||
| 64 | protected $_children = array();  | 
            ||
| 65 | |||
| 66 | /**  | 
            ||
| 67 | * @var array An array of ordering options for SELECTs  | 
            ||
| 68 | */  | 
            ||
| 69 | protected $_sorting = array();  | 
            ||
| 70 | |||
| 71 | /**  | 
            ||
| 72 | * @var array A map to the models's fields and how to process each column.  | 
            ||
| 73 | */  | 
            ||
| 74 | protected $_fields = array();  | 
            ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | /**  | 
            ||
| 77 | * @var array A map to the models's associations and how to process each column.  | 
            ||
| 78 | */  | 
            ||
| 79 | protected $_associations = array();  | 
            ||
| 80 | |||
| 81 | |||
| 82 | /**  | 
            ||
| 83 | * The message filename used for validation errors.  | 
            ||
| 84 | * Defaults to Jam_Meta::$_model  | 
            ||
| 85 | * @var string  | 
            ||
| 86 | */  | 
            ||
| 87 | protected $_errors_filename = NULL;  | 
            ||
| 88 | |||
| 89 | /**  | 
            ||
| 90 | * @var array Default data for each field  | 
            ||
| 91 | */  | 
            ||
| 92 | protected $_defaults = array();  | 
            ||
| 93 | |||
| 94 | /**  | 
            ||
| 95 | * @var Jam_Event Events attached to this model  | 
            ||
| 96 | */  | 
            ||
| 97 | protected $_events = array();  | 
            ||
| 98 | |||
| 99 | /**  | 
            ||
| 100 | * @var array Behaviors attached to this model  | 
            ||
| 101 | */  | 
            ||
| 102 | protected $_behaviors = array();  | 
            ||
| 103 | |||
| 104 | /**  | 
            ||
| 105 | * @var string The parent model of this model  | 
            ||
| 106 | */  | 
            ||
| 107 | protected $_parent = NULL;  | 
            ||
| 108 | |||
| 109 | protected $_validators = array();  | 
            ||
| 110 | |||
| 111 | protected $_with_options;  | 
            ||
| 112 | |||
| 113 | protected $_collection = NULL;  | 
            ||
| 114 | |||
| 115 | /**  | 
            ||
| 116 | * The most basic initialization possible  | 
            ||
| 117 | * @param string $model Model name  | 
            ||
| 118 | */  | 
            ||
| 119 | 162 | public function __construct($model)  | 
            |
| 126 | |||
| 127 | /**  | 
            ||
| 128 | * This is called after initialization to  | 
            ||
| 129 | * finalize any changes to the meta object.  | 
            ||
| 130 | *  | 
            ||
| 131 | * @param string $model  | 
            ||
| 132 | */  | 
            ||
| 133 | 7 | public function finalize($model)  | 
            |
| 134 | 	{ | 
            ||
| 135 | 7 | if ($this->_initialized)  | 
            |
| 136 | return;  | 
            ||
| 137 | |||
| 138 | // Set the name of a possible behavior class  | 
            ||
| 139 | 7 | $behavior_class = Jam::behavior_prefix().Jam::capitalize_class_name($model);  | 
            |
| 140 | |||
| 141 | // See if we have a special behavior class to use  | 
            ||
| 142 | 7 | if (class_exists($behavior_class))  | 
            |
| 143 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 144 | // Load behavior  | 
            ||
| 145 | $behavior = new $behavior_class;  | 
            ||
| 146 | |||
| 147 | if ( ! in_array($behavior, $this->_behaviors))  | 
            ||
| 148 | 			{ | 
            ||
| 149 | // Add to behaviors  | 
            ||
| 150 | $this->_behaviors[] = $behavior;  | 
            ||
| 151 | }  | 
            ||
| 152 | }  | 
            ||
| 153 | |||
| 154 | 7 | foreach ($this->_behaviors as $name => $behavior)  | 
            |
| 155 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 156 | 6 | if ( ! $behavior instanceof Jam_Behavior)  | 
            |
| 157 | 				throw new Kohana_Exception('Behavior at index [ :key ] is not an instance of Jam_Behavior, :type found.', array( | 
            ||
| 158 | 					':type' => is_object($behavior) ? ('instance of '.get_class($behavior)) : gettype($behavior), | 
            ||
| 159 | ':key' => $name,  | 
            ||
| 160 | ));  | 
            ||
| 161 | |||
| 162 | // Initialize behavior  | 
            ||
| 163 | 6 | $behavior->initialize($this, $name);  | 
            |
| 
                                                                                                    
                        
                         | 
                |||
| 164 | }  | 
            ||
| 165 | |||
| 166 | // Allow modification of this meta object by the behaviors  | 
            ||
| 167 | 7 | 		$this->_events->trigger('meta.before_finalize', $this); | 
            |
| 168 | |||
| 169 | // Ensure certain fields are not overridden  | 
            ||
| 170 | 7 | $this->_model = $model;  | 
            |
| 171 | 7 | $this->_defaults = array();  | 
            |
| 172 | |||
| 173 | 7 | if ( ! $this->_errors_filename)  | 
            |
| 174 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 175 | // Default errors filename to the model's name  | 
            ||
| 176 | 7 | $this->_errors_filename = 'validators/'.$this->_model;  | 
            |
| 177 | }  | 
            ||
| 178 | |||
| 179 | // Table should be a sensible default  | 
            ||
| 180 | 7 | if (empty($this->_table))  | 
            |
| 181 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 182 | 6 | $this->_table = Inflector::plural($model);  | 
            |
| 183 | }  | 
            ||
| 184 | |||
| 185 | // Can we set a sensible foreign key?  | 
            ||
| 186 | 7 | if (empty($this->_foreign_key))  | 
            |
| 187 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 188 | 6 | $this->_foreign_key = $model.'_id';  | 
            |
| 189 | }  | 
            ||
| 190 | |||
| 191 | 7 | if (empty($this->_unique_key) AND method_exists(Jam::class_name($this->_model), 'unique_key'))  | 
            |
| 192 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 193 | $this->_unique_key = Jam::class_name($this->_model).'::unique_key';  | 
            ||
| 194 | }  | 
            ||
| 195 | |||
| 196 | 7 | foreach ($this->_fields as $column => $field)  | 
            |
| 197 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 198 | // Ensure a default primary key is set  | 
            ||
| 199 | 7 | if ($field instanceof Jam_Field AND $field->primary AND empty($this->_primary_key))  | 
            |
| 200 | 			{ | 
            ||
| 201 | 6 | $this->_primary_key = $column;  | 
            |
| 202 | }  | 
            ||
| 203 | |||
| 204 | // Ensure a default plymorphic key is set  | 
            ||
| 205 | 7 | if ($field instanceof Jam_Field_Polymorphic AND empty($this->_polymorphic_key))  | 
            |
| 206 | 			{ | 
            ||
| 207 | 7 | $this->_polymorphic_key = $column;  | 
            |
| 208 | }  | 
            ||
| 209 | }  | 
            ||
| 210 | |||
| 211 | 7 | foreach ($this->_associations as $column => & $association)  | 
            |
| 212 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 213 | 6 | $association->initialize($this, $column);  | 
            |
| 214 | }  | 
            ||
| 215 | |||
| 216 | 7 | foreach ($this->_fields as $column => & $field)  | 
            |
| 217 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 218 | 7 | $field->initialize($this, $column);  | 
            |
| 219 | 7 | $this->_defaults[$column] = $field->default;  | 
            |
| 220 | }  | 
            ||
| 221 | |||
| 222 | 7 | if ( ! $this->_collection AND ($class = Jam::collection_prefix().Jam::capitalize_class_name($this->_model)) AND class_exists($class))  | 
            |
| 223 | 		{ | 
            ||
| 224 | 5 | $this->_collection = $class;  | 
            |
| 225 | }  | 
            ||
| 226 | |||
| 227 | // Meta object is initialized and no longer writable  | 
            ||
| 228 | 7 | $this->_initialized = TRUE;  | 
            |
| 229 | |||
| 230 | // Final meta callback  | 
            ||
| 231 | 7 | 		$this->_events->trigger('meta.after_finalize', $this); | 
            |
| 232 | 7 | }  | 
            |
| 233 | |||
| 234 | /**  | 
            ||
| 235 | * Returns a string representation of the meta object.  | 
            ||
| 236 | *  | 
            ||
| 237 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 238 | */  | 
            ||
| 239 | public function __toString()  | 
            ||
| 243 | |||
| 244 | /**  | 
            ||
| 245 | * Returns whether or not the meta object has finished initialization  | 
            ||
| 246 | *  | 
            ||
| 247 | * @return boolean  | 
            ||
| 248 | */  | 
            ||
| 249 | 3 | public function initialized()  | 
            |
| 253 | |||
| 254 | 79 | public function collection($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 262 | |||
| 263 | 6 | public function validator($field, $options)  | 
            |
| 277 | |||
| 278 | 1 | public function with_options($options)  | 
            |
| 283 | |||
| 284 | public function end()  | 
            ||
| 289 | |||
| 290 | 11 | public function validators()  | 
            |
| 294 | |||
| 295 | 19 | public function execute_validators(Jam_Validated $model, $force = FALSE)  | 
            |
| 306 | |||
| 307 | /**  | 
            ||
| 308 | * Allows setting a variable only when not initialized.  | 
            ||
| 309 | *  | 
            ||
| 310 | * @param string $key  | 
            ||
| 311 | * @param mixed $value  | 
            ||
| 312 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 313 | */  | 
            ||
| 314 | 7 | protected function set($key, $value)  | 
            |
| 330 | |||
| 331 | /**  | 
            ||
| 332 | * Allows appending an array to a variable only when not initialized.  | 
            ||
| 333 | *  | 
            ||
| 334 | * @param string $key  | 
            ||
| 335 | * @param mixed $value  | 
            ||
| 336 | * @return $this  | 
            ||
| 337 | */  | 
            ||
| 338 | 6 | protected function set_append($key, $value)  | 
            |
| 357 | |||
| 358 | /**  | 
            ||
| 359 | * Gets or sets the db group  | 
            ||
| 360 | *  | 
            ||
| 361 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 362 | * @return $this|string  | 
            ||
| 363 | */  | 
            ||
| 364 | 161 | public function db($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 373 | |||
| 374 | /**  | 
            ||
| 375 | * Returns the model name this object is attached to  | 
            ||
| 376 | *  | 
            ||
| 377 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 378 | */  | 
            ||
| 379 | 267 | public function model()  | 
            |
| 383 | |||
| 384 | /**  | 
            ||
| 385 | * Gets or sets the table  | 
            ||
| 386 | *  | 
            ||
| 387 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 388 | * @return $this|string  | 
            ||
| 389 | */  | 
            ||
| 390 | 167 | public function table($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 399 | |||
| 400 | /**  | 
            ||
| 401 | * Getter / setter for individual fields.  | 
            ||
| 402 | *  | 
            ||
| 403 | * @param string $name name of the field  | 
            ||
| 404 | * @param mixed $field the field alias or object  | 
            ||
| 405 | * @return Jam_Field|$this|null  | 
            ||
| 406 | */  | 
            ||
| 407 | 261 | public function field($name, $field = NULL, $prepend = FALSE)  | 
            |
| 437 | |||
| 438 | /**  | 
            ||
| 439 | * The same as field method, but throws an exception if association does not exist  | 
            ||
| 440 | *  | 
            ||
| 441 | * @param string $name name of the field  | 
            ||
| 442 | * @param mixed $field the field alias or object  | 
            ||
| 443 | * @return Jam_Field|$this|null  | 
            ||
| 444 | */  | 
            ||
| 445 | public function field_insist($name, $field = NULL)  | 
            ||
| 452 | |||
| 453 | 1 | public function attribute($name)  | 
            |
| 457 | |||
| 458 | public function attribute_insist($name)  | 
            ||
| 467 | |||
| 468 | |||
| 469 | /**  | 
            ||
| 470 | * Gets and sets the fields for this object.  | 
            ||
| 471 | *  | 
            ||
| 472 | * Calling this multiple times will overwrite fields.  | 
            ||
| 473 | *  | 
            ||
| 474 | * @param array|null $fields  | 
            ||
| 475 | * @return Jam_Field[]|$this  | 
            ||
| 476 | */  | 
            ||
| 477 | 205 | public function fields(array $fields = NULL)  | 
            |
| 494 | |||
| 495 | /**  | 
            ||
| 496 | * Getter / setter for individual associations.  | 
            ||
| 497 | *  | 
            ||
| 498 | * @param string $name name of the association  | 
            ||
| 499 | * @param mixed $association the association alias or object  | 
            ||
| 500 | * @return Jam_Association|$this|null  | 
            ||
| 501 | */  | 
            ||
| 502 | 754 | public function association($name, $association = NULL, $prepend = FALSE)  | 
            |
| 532 | |||
| 533 | /**  | 
            ||
| 534 | * The same as assocation method, but throws an exception if association does not exist  | 
            ||
| 535 | * @param string $name name of the association  | 
            ||
| 536 | * @param mixed $association the association alias or object  | 
            ||
| 537 | * @return Jam_Association|$this|null  | 
            ||
| 538 | * @see association  | 
            ||
| 539 | */  | 
            ||
| 540 | public function association_insist($name, $association = NULL)  | 
            ||
| 547 | |||
| 548 | |||
| 549 | /**  | 
            ||
| 550 | * Gets and sets the associations for this object.  | 
            ||
| 551 | *  | 
            ||
| 552 | * Calling this multiple times will overwrite associations.  | 
            ||
| 553 | *  | 
            ||
| 554 | * @param array|null $associations  | 
            ||
| 555 | * @return Jam_Association[]|$this  | 
            ||
| 556 | */  | 
            ||
| 557 | 6 | public function associations(array $associations = NULL)  | 
            |
| 574 | |||
| 575 | /**  | 
            ||
| 576 | * Returns the defaults for the object.  | 
            ||
| 577 | *  | 
            ||
| 578 | * If $name is specified, then the defaults  | 
            ||
| 579 | * for that field are returned.  | 
            ||
| 580 | *  | 
            ||
| 581 | * @param string|null $name  | 
            ||
| 582 | * @return array|mixed|null  | 
            ||
| 583 | */  | 
            ||
| 584 | 754 | public function defaults($name = NULL)  | 
            |
| 593 | |||
| 594 | /**  | 
            ||
| 595 | * Returns or sets the name of the file used for errors.  | 
            ||
| 596 | *  | 
            ||
| 597 | * @return $this|string  | 
            ||
| 598 | */  | 
            ||
| 599 | 202 | public function errors_filename($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 608 | |||
| 609 | /**  | 
            ||
| 610 | * Gets or sets the behaviors attached to the object.  | 
            ||
| 611 | *  | 
            ||
| 612 | * @param array|null $behaviors  | 
            ||
| 613 | * @return Jam_Behavior[]|$this  | 
            ||
| 614 | */  | 
            ||
| 615 | 6 | public function behaviors(array $behaviors = NULL)  | 
            |
| 625 | |||
| 626 | |||
| 627 | /**  | 
            ||
| 628 | * Get / Set individual behaviors.  | 
            ||
| 629 | *  | 
            ||
| 630 | * @param string $name name of the association  | 
            ||
| 631 | * @param mixed $association the association alias or object  | 
            ||
| 632 | * @return Jam_Behavior|$this|null  | 
            ||
| 633 | */  | 
            ||
| 634 | public function behavior($name, $behavior = NULL, $prepend = FALSE)  | 
            ||
| 664 | |||
| 665 | /**  | 
            ||
| 666 | * Gets the events attached to the object.  | 
            ||
| 667 | *  | 
            ||
| 668 | * @return Jam_Event  | 
            ||
| 669 | */  | 
            ||
| 670 | 577 | public function events()  | 
            |
| 674 | |||
| 675 | /**  | 
            ||
| 676 | * Gets or sets the model's primary key.  | 
            ||
| 677 | *  | 
            ||
| 678 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 679 | * @return mixed  | 
            ||
| 680 | */  | 
            ||
| 681 | 216 | public function primary_key($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 690 | |||
| 691 | /**  | 
            ||
| 692 | * Gets or sets the model's name key  | 
            ||
| 693 | *  | 
            ||
| 694 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 695 | * @return string|$this  | 
            ||
| 696 | */  | 
            ||
| 697 | 34 | public function name_key($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 706 | |||
| 707 | /**  | 
            ||
| 708 | * Gets or sets the model's foreign key  | 
            ||
| 709 | *  | 
            ||
| 710 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 711 | * @return string|$this  | 
            ||
| 712 | */  | 
            ||
| 713 | 1 | public function foreign_key($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 722 | |||
| 723 | /**  | 
            ||
| 724 | * Gets the unique key basend on a model method  | 
            ||
| 725 | *  | 
            ||
| 726 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 727 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 728 | */  | 
            ||
| 729 | 30 | public function unique_key($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 745 | |||
| 746 | /**  | 
            ||
| 747 | * Gets the model's polymorphic key.  | 
            ||
| 748 | *  | 
            ||
| 749 | * @param string $value  | 
            ||
| 750 | * @return string  | 
            ||
| 751 | */  | 
            ||
| 752 | 442 | public function polymorphic_key($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 756 | |||
| 757 | /**  | 
            ||
| 758 | * Gets the model's child models  | 
            ||
| 759 | *  | 
            ||
| 760 | * @param array $children  | 
            ||
| 761 | * @return array  | 
            ||
| 762 | */  | 
            ||
| 763 | public function children(array $children = NULL)  | 
            ||
| 773 | |||
| 774 | /**  | 
            ||
| 775 | * Gets or sets the object's sorting properties  | 
            ||
| 776 | *  | 
            ||
| 777 | * @param array|null $value  | 
            ||
| 778 | * @return array  | 
            ||
| 779 | */  | 
            ||
| 780 | 1 | public function sorting($value = NULL)  | 
            |
| 789 | |||
| 790 | } // End Kohana_Jam_Meta  | 
            ||
| 791 | 
This check looks for parameters that are defined as one type in their type hint or doc comment but seem to be used as a narrower type, i.e an implementation of an interface or a subclass.
Consider changing the type of the parameter or doing an instanceof check before assuming your parameter is of the expected type.