1 | <?php |
||||||
2 | /** |
||||||
3 | * Elgg internal messages plugin |
||||||
4 | * This plugin lets users send messages to each other. |
||||||
5 | */ |
||||||
6 | |||||||
7 | /** |
||||||
8 | * Messages init |
||||||
9 | * |
||||||
10 | * @return void |
||||||
11 | */ |
||||||
12 | function messages_init() { |
||||||
13 | |||||||
14 | // add page menu items |
||||||
15 | 31 | if (elgg_is_logged_in()) { |
|||||
16 | elgg_register_menu_item('page', [ |
||||||
17 | 'name' => 'messages:inbox', |
||||||
18 | 'text' => elgg_echo('messages:inbox'), |
||||||
19 | 'href' => "messages/inbox/" . elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity()->username, |
||||||
20 | 'context' => 'messages', |
||||||
21 | ]); |
||||||
22 | |||||||
23 | elgg_register_menu_item('page', [ |
||||||
24 | 'name' => 'messages:sentmessages', |
||||||
25 | 'text' => elgg_echo('messages:sentmessages'), |
||||||
26 | 'href' => "messages/sent/" . elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity()->username, |
||||||
27 | 'context' => 'messages', |
||||||
28 | ]); |
||||||
29 | } |
||||||
30 | |||||||
31 | // Extend system CSS with our own styles, which are defined in the messages/css view |
||||||
32 | 31 | elgg_extend_view('elgg.css', 'messages/css'); |
|||||
33 | 31 | elgg_extend_view('elgg.js', 'messages/js'); |
|||||
34 | |||||||
35 | // Register a page handler, so we can have nice URLs |
||||||
36 | 31 | elgg_register_page_handler('messages', 'messages_page_handler'); |
|||||
37 | |||||||
38 | // Register a URL handler |
||||||
39 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('entity:url', 'object', 'messages_set_url'); |
|||||
40 | |||||||
41 | // Extend avatar hover menu |
||||||
42 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('register', 'menu:user_hover', 'messages_user_hover_menu'); |
|||||
43 | |||||||
44 | // delete messages sent by a user when user is deleted |
||||||
45 | 31 | elgg_register_event_handler('delete', 'user', 'messages_purge'); |
|||||
46 | |||||||
47 | // ecml |
||||||
48 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('get_views', 'ecml', 'messages_ecml_views_hook'); |
|||||
49 | |||||||
50 | // permission overrides |
||||||
51 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('permissions_check:metadata', 'object', 'messages_can_edit_metadata'); |
|||||
52 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('permissions_check', 'object', 'messages_can_edit'); |
|||||
53 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('container_permissions_check', 'object', 'messages_can_edit_container'); |
|||||
54 | |||||||
55 | // Topbar menu. We assume this menu will render *after* a message is rendered. If a refactor/plugin |
||||||
56 | // causes it to render first, the unread count notification will not update until the next page. |
||||||
57 | 31 | elgg_register_plugin_hook_handler('register', 'menu:topbar', 'messages_register_topbar'); |
|||||
58 | 31 | } |
|||||
59 | |||||||
60 | /** |
||||||
61 | * Messages page handler |
||||||
62 | * |
||||||
63 | * @param array $page Array of URL components for routing |
||||||
64 | * |
||||||
65 | * @return bool |
||||||
66 | */ |
||||||
67 | function messages_page_handler($page) { |
||||||
68 | |||||||
69 | elgg_gatekeeper(); |
||||||
70 | $current_user = elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity(); |
||||||
71 | |||||||
72 | elgg_push_breadcrumb(elgg_echo('messages'), 'messages/inbox/' . $current_user->username); |
||||||
73 | |||||||
74 | if (!isset($page[0])) { |
||||||
75 | $page[0] = 'inbox'; |
||||||
76 | } |
||||||
77 | |||||||
78 | // Support the old inbox url /messages/<username>, but only if it matches the logged in user. |
||||||
79 | // Otherwise having a username like "read" on the system could confuse this function. |
||||||
80 | if ($current_user->username === $page[0]) { |
||||||
81 | $page[1] = $page[0]; |
||||||
82 | $page[0] = 'inbox'; |
||||||
83 | } |
||||||
84 | |||||||
85 | if (!isset($page[1])) { |
||||||
86 | $page[1] = $current_user->username; |
||||||
87 | } |
||||||
88 | |||||||
89 | switch ($page[0]) { |
||||||
90 | case 'inbox': |
||||||
91 | echo elgg_view_resource('messages/inbox', [ |
||||||
92 | 'username' => $page[1], |
||||||
93 | ]); |
||||||
94 | break; |
||||||
95 | case 'sent': |
||||||
96 | echo elgg_view_resource('messages/sent', [ |
||||||
97 | 'username' => $page[1], |
||||||
98 | ]); |
||||||
99 | break; |
||||||
100 | case 'read': |
||||||
101 | echo elgg_view_resource('messages/read', [ |
||||||
102 | 'guid' => $page[1], |
||||||
103 | ]); |
||||||
104 | break; |
||||||
105 | case 'compose': |
||||||
106 | case 'add': |
||||||
107 | echo elgg_view_resource('messages/send'); |
||||||
108 | break; |
||||||
109 | default: |
||||||
110 | return false; |
||||||
111 | } |
||||||
112 | return true; |
||||||
113 | } |
||||||
114 | |||||||
115 | /** |
||||||
116 | * Add inbox link to topbar |
||||||
117 | * |
||||||
118 | * @param string $hook "register" |
||||||
119 | * @param string $type "menu:topbar" |
||||||
120 | * @param ElggMenuItem[] $items Menu items |
||||||
121 | * @param array $params Hook params |
||||||
122 | * |
||||||
123 | * @return void|ElggMenuItem[] |
||||||
124 | */ |
||||||
125 | function messages_register_topbar($hook, $type, $items, $params) { |
||||||
3 ignored issues
–
show
The parameter
$type is not used and could be removed.
(
Ignorable by Annotation
)
If this is a false-positive, you can also ignore this issue in your code via the
This check looks for parameters that have been defined for a function or method, but which are not used in the method body.
Loading history...
The parameter
$hook is not used and could be removed.
(
Ignorable by Annotation
)
If this is a false-positive, you can also ignore this issue in your code via the
This check looks for parameters that have been defined for a function or method, but which are not used in the method body.
Loading history...
|
|||||||
126 | 1 | if (!elgg_is_logged_in()) { |
|||||
127 | 1 | return; |
|||||
128 | } |
||||||
129 | |||||||
130 | $user = elgg_get_logged_in_user_entity(); |
||||||
131 | |||||||
132 | $text = elgg_echo('messages'); |
||||||
133 | $title = $text; |
||||||
134 | |||||||
135 | $num_messages = (int) messages_count_unread(); |
||||||
136 | if ($num_messages) { |
||||||
137 | $title .= " (" . elgg_echo("messages:unreadcount", [$num_messages]) . ")"; |
||||||
138 | } |
||||||
139 | |||||||
140 | $items[] = ElggMenuItem::factory([ |
||||||
141 | 'name' => 'messages', |
||||||
142 | 'href' => "messages/inbox/$user->username", |
||||||
143 | 'text' => $text, |
||||||
144 | 'priority' => 600, |
||||||
145 | 'title' => $title, |
||||||
146 | 'icon' => 'mail', |
||||||
147 | 'badge' => $num_messages ? $num_messages : null, |
||||||
148 | ]); |
||||||
149 | |||||||
150 | return $items; |
||||||
151 | } |
||||||
152 | |||||||
153 | /** |
||||||
154 | * Override the canEditMetadata function to return true for messages |
||||||
155 | * |
||||||
156 | * @param string $hook 'permissions_check:metadata' |
||||||
157 | * @param string $type 'object' |
||||||
158 | * @param bool $return_value current return value |
||||||
159 | * @param array $parameters supplied params |
||||||
160 | * |
||||||
161 | * @return void|true |
||||||
162 | */ |
||||||
163 | function messages_can_edit_metadata($hook, $type, $return_value, $parameters) { |
||||||
164 | |||||||
165 | 14 | global $messagesendflag; |
|||||
166 | |||||||
167 | 14 | if ($messagesendflag !== 1) { |
|||||
168 | 14 | return; |
|||||
169 | } |
||||||
170 | |||||||
171 | $entity = elgg_extract('entity', $parameters); |
||||||
172 | if ($entity instanceof ElggObject && $entity->getSubtype() == 'messages') { |
||||||
173 | return true; |
||||||
174 | } |
||||||
175 | } |
||||||
176 | |||||||
177 | /** |
||||||
178 | * Override the canEdit function to return true for messages within a particular context |
||||||
179 | * |
||||||
180 | * @param string $hook 'permissions_check' |
||||||
181 | * @param string $type 'object' |
||||||
182 | * @param bool $return_value current return value |
||||||
183 | * @param array $parameters supplied params |
||||||
184 | * |
||||||
185 | * @return void|true |
||||||
186 | */ |
||||||
187 | function messages_can_edit($hook, $type, $return_value, $parameters) { |
||||||
188 | |||||||
189 | 113 | global $messagesendflag; |
|||||
190 | |||||||
191 | 113 | if ($messagesendflag !== 1) { |
|||||
192 | 111 | return; |
|||||
193 | } |
||||||
194 | |||||||
195 | 2 | $entity = elgg_extract('entity', $parameters); |
|||||
196 | 2 | if ($entity instanceof ElggObject && $entity->getSubtype() == 'messages') { |
|||||
197 | 2 | return true; |
|||||
198 | } |
||||||
199 | } |
||||||
200 | |||||||
201 | /** |
||||||
202 | * Override the canEdit function to return true for messages within a particular context |
||||||
203 | * |
||||||
204 | * @param string $hook 'container_permissions_check' |
||||||
205 | * @param string $type 'object' |
||||||
206 | * @param bool $return_value current return value |
||||||
207 | * @param array $parameters supplied params |
||||||
208 | * |
||||||
209 | * @return void|true |
||||||
210 | */ |
||||||
211 | function messages_can_edit_container($hook, $type, $return_value, $parameters) { |
||||||
212 | |||||||
213 | 8 | global $messagesendflag; |
|||||
214 | |||||||
215 | 8 | if ($messagesendflag == 1) { |
|||||
216 | 2 | return true; |
|||||
217 | } |
||||||
218 | 6 | } |
|||||
219 | |||||||
220 | /** |
||||||
221 | * Send an internal message |
||||||
222 | * |
||||||
223 | * @param string $subject The subject line of the message |
||||||
224 | * @param string $body The body of the mesage |
||||||
225 | * @param int $recipient_guid The GUID of the user to send to |
||||||
226 | * @param int $sender_guid Optionally, the GUID of the user to send from |
||||||
227 | * @param int $original_msg_guid The GUID of the message to reply from (default: none) |
||||||
228 | * @param bool $notify Send a notification (default: true) |
||||||
229 | * @param bool $add_to_sent If true (default), will add a message to the sender's 'sent' tray |
||||||
230 | * |
||||||
231 | * @return false|int |
||||||
232 | */ |
||||||
233 | function messages_send($subject, $body, $recipient_guid, $sender_guid = 0, $original_msg_guid = 0, $notify = true, $add_to_sent = true) { |
||||||
234 | |||||||
235 | // @todo remove globals |
||||||
236 | 2 | global $messagesendflag; |
|||||
237 | 2 | $messagesendflag = 1; |
|||||
238 | |||||||
239 | // @todo remove globals |
||||||
240 | 2 | global $messages_pm; |
|||||
241 | 2 | if ($notify) { |
|||||
242 | 2 | $messages_pm = 1; |
|||||
243 | } else { |
||||||
244 | $messages_pm = 0; |
||||||
245 | } |
||||||
246 | |||||||
247 | // If $sender_guid == 0, set to current user |
||||||
248 | 2 | if ($sender_guid == 0) { |
|||||
249 | 1 | $sender_guid = (int) elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid(); |
|||||
250 | } |
||||||
251 | |||||||
252 | 2 | $message_to = new ElggMessage(); |
|||||
253 | 2 | $message_sent = new ElggMessage(); |
|||||
254 | |||||||
255 | 2 | $message_to->owner_guid = $recipient_guid; |
|||||
256 | 2 | $message_to->container_guid = $recipient_guid; |
|||||
257 | 2 | $message_sent->owner_guid = $sender_guid; |
|||||
258 | 2 | $message_sent->container_guid = $sender_guid; |
|||||
259 | |||||||
260 | 2 | $message_to->access_id = ACCESS_PUBLIC; |
|||||
261 | 2 | $message_sent->access_id = ACCESS_PUBLIC; |
|||||
262 | |||||||
263 | 2 | $message_to->title = $subject; |
|||||
264 | 2 | $message_to->description = $body; |
|||||
265 | |||||||
266 | 2 | $message_sent->title = $subject; |
|||||
267 | 2 | $message_sent->description = $body; |
|||||
268 | |||||||
269 | 2 | $message_to->toId = $recipient_guid; // the user receiving the message |
|||||
270 | 2 | $message_to->fromId = $sender_guid; // the user receiving the message |
|||||
271 | 2 | $message_to->readYet = 0; // this is a toggle between 0 / 1 (1 = read) |
|||||
272 | 2 | $message_to->hiddenFrom = 0; // this is used when a user deletes a message in their sentbox, it is a flag |
|||||
273 | 2 | $message_to->hiddenTo = 0; // this is used when a user deletes a message in their inbox |
|||||
274 | |||||||
275 | 2 | $message_sent->toId = $recipient_guid; // the user receiving the message |
|||||
276 | 2 | $message_sent->fromId = $sender_guid; // the user receiving the message |
|||||
277 | 2 | $message_sent->readYet = 0; // this is a toggle between 0 / 1 (1 = read) |
|||||
278 | 2 | $message_sent->hiddenFrom = 0; // this is used when a user deletes a message in their sentbox, it is a flag |
|||||
279 | 2 | $message_sent->hiddenTo = 0; // this is used when a user deletes a message in their inbox |
|||||
280 | |||||||
281 | // Save the copy of the message that goes to the recipient |
||||||
282 | 2 | $success = $message_to->save(); |
|||||
283 | |||||||
284 | // Save the copy of the message that goes to the sender |
||||||
285 | 2 | if ($add_to_sent) { |
|||||
286 | 2 | $message_sent->save(); |
|||||
287 | } |
||||||
288 | |||||||
289 | 2 | $message_to->access_id = ACCESS_PRIVATE; |
|||||
290 | 2 | $message_to->save(); |
|||||
291 | |||||||
292 | 2 | if ($add_to_sent) { |
|||||
293 | 2 | $message_sent->access_id = ACCESS_PRIVATE; |
|||||
294 | 2 | $message_sent->save(); |
|||||
295 | } |
||||||
296 | |||||||
297 | // if the new message is a reply then create a relationship link between the new message |
||||||
298 | // and the message it is in reply to |
||||||
299 | 2 | if ($original_msg_guid && $success) { |
|||||
300 | add_entity_relationship($message_sent->guid, "reply", $original_msg_guid); |
||||||
301 | } |
||||||
302 | |||||||
303 | 2 | $message_contents = strip_tags($body); |
|||||
304 | 2 | if (($recipient_guid != elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid()) && $notify) { |
|||||
305 | 2 | $recipient = get_user($recipient_guid); |
|||||
306 | 2 | $sender = get_user($sender_guid); |
|||||
307 | |||||||
308 | 2 | $subject = elgg_echo('messages:email:subject', [], $recipient->language); |
|||||
309 | 2 | $body = elgg_echo('messages:email:body', [ |
|||||
310 | 2 | $sender->name, |
|||||
311 | 2 | $message_contents, |
|||||
312 | 2 | elgg_get_site_url() . "messages/inbox/" . $recipient->username, |
|||||
313 | 2 | $sender->name, |
|||||
314 | 2 | elgg_get_site_url() . "messages/compose?send_to=" . $sender_guid |
|||||
315 | ], |
||||||
316 | 2 | $recipient->language |
|||||
317 | ); |
||||||
318 | |||||||
319 | $params = [ |
||||||
320 | 2 | 'object' => $message_to, |
|||||
321 | 2 | 'action' => 'send', |
|||||
322 | 2 | 'url' => $message_to->getURL(), |
|||||
323 | ]; |
||||||
324 | 2 | notify_user($recipient_guid, $sender_guid, $subject, $body, $params); |
|||||
325 | } |
||||||
326 | |||||||
327 | 2 | $messagesendflag = 0; |
|||||
328 | 2 | return $success; |
|||||
329 | } |
||||||
330 | |||||||
331 | /** |
||||||
332 | * Message URL override |
||||||
333 | * |
||||||
334 | * @param string $hook 'entity:url' |
||||||
335 | * @param string $type 'object' |
||||||
336 | * @param string $url current return value |
||||||
337 | * @param array $params supplied params |
||||||
338 | * |
||||||
339 | * @return void|string |
||||||
340 | */ |
||||||
341 | function messages_set_url($hook, $type, $url, $params) { |
||||||
342 | |||||||
343 | 3 | $entity = elgg_extract('entity', $params); |
|||||
344 | 3 | if (!$entity instanceof ElggObject || $entity->getSubtype() !== 'messages') { |
|||||
345 | 1 | return; |
|||||
346 | } |
||||||
347 | |||||||
348 | 2 | return "messages/read/{$entity->getGUID()}"; |
|||||
349 | } |
||||||
350 | |||||||
351 | /** |
||||||
352 | * Returns the unread messages in a user's inbox |
||||||
353 | * |
||||||
354 | * @param int $user_guid GUID of user whose inbox we're counting (0 for logged in user) |
||||||
355 | * @param int $limit Number of unread messages to return (default from settings) |
||||||
356 | * @param int $offset Start at a defined offset (for listings) |
||||||
357 | * @param bool $count Switch between entities array or count mode |
||||||
358 | * |
||||||
359 | * @return ElggObject[]|int |
||||||
360 | * @since 1.9 |
||||||
361 | */ |
||||||
362 | function messages_get_unread($user_guid = 0, $limit = null, $offset = 0, $count = false) { |
||||||
363 | 1 | if (!$user_guid) { |
|||||
364 | $user_guid = elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid(); |
||||||
365 | } |
||||||
366 | |||||||
367 | 1 | return elgg_get_entities([ |
|||||
368 | 1 | 'type' => 'object', |
|||||
369 | 1 | 'subtype' => 'messages', |
|||||
370 | 'metadata_name_value_pairs' => [ |
||||||
371 | 1 | 'toId' => (int) $user_guid, |
|||||
372 | 1 | 'readYet' => 0, |
|||||
373 | ], |
||||||
374 | 1 | 'owner_guid' => (int) $user_guid, |
|||||
375 | 1 | 'limit' => $limit ? : elgg_get_config('default_limit'), |
|||||
376 | 1 | 'offset' => $offset, |
|||||
377 | 1 | 'count' => $count, |
|||||
378 | 'distinct' => false, |
||||||
379 | ]); |
||||||
380 | } |
||||||
381 | |||||||
382 | /** |
||||||
383 | * Count the unread messages in a user's inbox |
||||||
384 | * |
||||||
385 | * @param int $user_guid GUID of user whose inbox we're counting (0 for logged in user) |
||||||
386 | * |
||||||
387 | * @return int |
||||||
388 | */ |
||||||
389 | function messages_count_unread($user_guid = 0) { |
||||||
390 | 1 | return messages_get_unread($user_guid, 10, 0, true); |
|||||
391 | } |
||||||
392 | |||||||
393 | /** |
||||||
394 | * Prepare the compose form variables |
||||||
395 | * |
||||||
396 | * @param int $recipient_guid new message recipient |
||||||
397 | * |
||||||
398 | * @return array |
||||||
399 | */ |
||||||
400 | function messages_prepare_form_vars($recipient_guid = 0) { |
||||||
401 | |||||||
402 | $recipients = []; |
||||||
403 | $recipient = get_user($recipient_guid); |
||||||
404 | if (!empty($recipient)) { |
||||||
405 | $recipients[] = $recipient->getGUID(); |
||||||
406 | } |
||||||
407 | |||||||
408 | // input names => defaults |
||||||
409 | $values = [ |
||||||
410 | 'subject' => elgg_get_sticky_value('messages', 'subject', ''), |
||||||
411 | 'body' => elgg_get_sticky_value('messages', 'body', ''), |
||||||
412 | 'recipients' => elgg_get_sticky_value('messages', 'recipients', $recipients), |
||||||
413 | ]; |
||||||
414 | |||||||
415 | elgg_clear_sticky_form('messages'); |
||||||
416 | |||||||
417 | return $values; |
||||||
418 | } |
||||||
419 | |||||||
420 | /** |
||||||
421 | * Add to the user hover menu |
||||||
422 | * |
||||||
423 | * @param string $hook 'register' |
||||||
424 | * @param string $type 'menu:user_hover' |
||||||
425 | * @param ElggMenuItem[] $return current return value |
||||||
426 | * @param array $params supplied params |
||||||
427 | * |
||||||
428 | * @return void|ElggMenuItem[] |
||||||
429 | */ |
||||||
430 | function messages_user_hover_menu($hook, $type, $return, $params) { |
||||||
431 | |||||||
432 | 1 | $user = elgg_extract('entity', $params); |
|||||
433 | 1 | if (!elgg_is_logged_in() || !$user instanceof ElggUser) { |
|||||
434 | 1 | return; |
|||||
435 | } |
||||||
436 | |||||||
437 | if (elgg_get_logged_in_user_guid() === $user->guid) { |
||||||
438 | return; |
||||||
439 | } |
||||||
440 | |||||||
441 | $return[] = ElggMenuItem::factory([ |
||||||
442 | 'name' => 'send', |
||||||
443 | 'text' => elgg_echo('messages:sendmessage'), |
||||||
444 | 'icon' => 'mail', |
||||||
445 | 'href' => "messages/compose?send_to={$user->guid}", |
||||||
446 | 'section' => 'action', |
||||||
447 | ]); |
||||||
448 | |||||||
449 | return $return; |
||||||
450 | } |
||||||
451 | |||||||
452 | /** |
||||||
453 | * Delete messages from a user who is being deleted |
||||||
454 | * |
||||||
455 | * @param string $event Event name |
||||||
456 | * @param string $type Event type |
||||||
457 | * @param ElggUser $user User being deleted |
||||||
458 | * |
||||||
459 | * @return void |
||||||
460 | */ |
||||||
461 | function messages_purge($event, $type, $user) { |
||||||
462 | |||||||
463 | 70 | if (!$user->getGUID()) { |
|||||
464 | return; |
||||||
465 | } |
||||||
466 | |||||||
467 | // make sure we delete them all |
||||||
468 | 70 | $entity_disable_override = access_show_hidden_entities(true); |
|||||
469 | 70 | $ia = elgg_set_ignore_access(true); |
|||||
470 | |||||||
471 | $options = [ |
||||||
472 | 70 | 'type' => 'object', |
|||||
473 | 70 | 'subtype' => 'messages', |
|||||
474 | 'metadata_name_value_pairs' => [ |
||||||
475 | 70 | 'fromId' => $user->guid, |
|||||
476 | ], |
||||||
477 | 'limit' => false, |
||||||
478 | ]; |
||||||
479 | 70 | $batch = new ElggBatch('elgg_get_entities_from_metadata', $options); |
|||||
480 | 70 | $batch->setIncrementOffset(false); |
|||||
481 | 70 | foreach ($batch as $e) { |
|||||
482 | $e->delete(); |
||||||
483 | } |
||||||
484 | |||||||
485 | 70 | elgg_set_ignore_access($ia); |
|||||
486 | 70 | access_show_hidden_entities($entity_disable_override); |
|||||
487 | 70 | } |
|||||
488 | |||||||
489 | /** |
||||||
490 | * Register messages with ECML. |
||||||
491 | * |
||||||
492 | * @param string $hook 'get_views' |
||||||
493 | * @param string $type 'ecml' |
||||||
494 | * @param string $return_value current return value |
||||||
495 | * @param array $params supplied params |
||||||
496 | * |
||||||
497 | * @return array |
||||||
498 | */ |
||||||
499 | function messages_ecml_views_hook($hook, $type, $return_value, $params) { |
||||||
500 | $return_value['messages/messages'] = elgg_echo('messages'); |
||||||
501 | |||||||
502 | return $return_value; |
||||||
503 | } |
||||||
504 | |||||||
505 | return function() { |
||||||
506 | 18 | elgg_register_event_handler('init', 'system', 'messages_init'); |
|||||
507 | }; |
||||||
508 |
This check looks for parameters that have been defined for a function or method, but which are not used in the method body.