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                <?php declare(strict_types=1); defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed'); | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                class History_Model extends CI_Model { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	public function __construct() { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		parent::__construct();  | 
            
                            
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                		$this->load->database();  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	/*** TITLE HISTORY ***/  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	public function updateTitleHistory(int $titleID, $oldChapter, string $newChapter, string $newChapterTimestamp) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$success = TRUE;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		if($oldChapter !== $newChapter) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			$success = $this->db->insert('tracker_titles_history', [ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				'title_id'    => $titleID,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				'old_chapter' => $oldChapter,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				'new_chapter' => $newChapter,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				'updated_at'  => $newChapterTimestamp  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return (bool) $success;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	/*** USER HISTORY ***/  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
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                View Code Duplication | 
                	public function userAddTitle(int $chapterID, string $chapter, string $category) : bool { | 
            
                            
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                		$success = $this->db->insert('tracker_titles_history', [ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'chapter_id'  => $chapterID,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'type'        => '1',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom1'     => $chapter,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom2'     => $category,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'updated_at'  => date('Y-m-d H:i:s') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return $success;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
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                View Code Duplication | 
                	public function userUpdateTitle(int $chapterID, string $old_chapter, string $new_chapter) : bool { | 
            
                            
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                		$success = $this->db->insert('tracker_titles_history', [ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'chapter_id'  => $chapterID,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'type'        => '2',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom1'     => $old_chapter,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom2'     => $new_chapter,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'updated_at'  => date('Y-m-d H:i:s') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return $success;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	public function userRemoveTitle(int $chapterID) : bool { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$success = $this->db->insert('tracker_titles_history', [ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'chapter_id'  => $chapterID,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'type'        => '3',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'updated_at'  => date('Y-m-d H:i:s') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return $success;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
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                View Code Duplication | 
                	public function userUpdateTags(int $chapterID, string/*|null*/ $old_tags, string $new_tags) : bool { | 
            
                            
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                		$success = $this->db->insert('tracker_titles_history', [ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'chapter_id'  => $chapterID,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'type'        => '4',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom1'     => $old_tags,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom2'     => $new_tags,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'updated_at'  => date('Y-m-d H:i:s') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return $success;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                                                    
                                                                                                        
            
            
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                	public function userUpdateCategory(int $chapterID, string $old_category, string $new_category) : bool { | 
            
                            
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                		$success = $this->db->insert('tracker_titles_history', [ | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'chapter_id'  => $chapterID,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'type'        => '5',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom1'     => $old_category,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'custom2'     => $new_category,  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			'updated_at'  => date('Y-m-d H:i:s') | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		]);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return $success;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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Let’s take a look at an example:
In the above example, the authenticate() method works fine as long as you just pass instances of MyUser. However, if you now also want to pass a different sub-classes of User which does not have a getDisplayName() method, the code will break.
Available Fixes
Change the type-hint for the parameter:
Add an additional type-check:
Add the method to the parent class: