Emogrifier

Complexity

Total Complexity

82

Size/Duplication

Total Lines	776
Duplicated Lines	0 %

Importance

Changes	1
Bugs	0	Features	0

29 Methods

Rating	Name	Duplication	Size	Complexity
A	removeUnprocessableHtmlTag()	0	4	2
A	setCss()	0	2	1
A	parseCssDeclarationBlock()	0	19	4
A	generateStyleStringFromDeclarationsArrays()	0	7	2
A	translateCssToXpath()	0	55	2
A	matchIdAttributes()	0	2	2
A	matchClassAttributes()	0	6	2
A	strtolower()	0	2	1
A	clearAllCaches()	0	5	1
A	_media_concat()	0	2	1
A	__construct()	0	3	1
A	translateNthOfType()	0	12	3
B	parseNth()	0	32	8
A	__destruct()	0	2	1
A	copyCssWithMediaToStyleNode()	0	3	3
A	addUnprocessableHtmlTag()	0	2	1
A	getCssSelectorPrecedence()	0	21	4
A	clearCache()	0	7	2
A	addStyleElementToDocument()	0	8	1
A	getOrCreateHeadElement()	0	10	2
A	setHtml()	0	2	1
F	emogrify()	0	125	21
A	createXmlDocument()	0	12	1
A	purgeVisitedNodes()	0	3	1
A	translateNthChild()	0	12	3
A	getUnifiedHtml()	0	12	3
A	getCssFromAllStyleNodes()	0	15	3
A	sortBySelectorPrecedence()	0	12	4
A	splitCssAndMediaQuery()	0	23	1

<?php
/**
 * This class provides functions for converting CSS styles into inline style attributes in your HTML code
 *
 * For more information, please see the README.md file.
 *
 * @author Cameron Brooks
 * @author Jaime Prado
 * @author Roman Ožana <ozana@omdesign.cz>
 */
class Emogrifier {
	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	const ENCODING = 'UTF-8';

	/**
	 * @var integer
	 */
	const CACHE_KEY_CSS = 0;

	/**
	 * @var integer
	 */
	const CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR = 1;

	/**
	 * @var integer
	 */
	const CACHE_KEY_XPATH = 2;

	/**
	 * @var integer
	 */
	const CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK = 3;

	/**
	 * for calculating nth-of-type and nth-child selectors.
	 *
	 * @var integer
	 */
	const INDEX = 0;

	/**
	 * for calculating nth-of-type and nth-child selectors.
	 *
	 * @var integer
	 */
	const MULTIPLIER = 1;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	const ID_ATTRIBUTE_MATCHER = '/(\\w+)?\\#([\\w\\-]+)/';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	const CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_MATCHER = '/(\\w+|[\\*\\]])?((\\.[\\w\\-]+)+)/';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $html = '';

	/**
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $css = '';

	/**
	 * @var array<string>
	 */
	private $unprocessableHtmlTags = array('wbr');

	/**
	 * @var array<array>
	 */
	private $caches = array(
		self::CACHE_KEY_CSS => array(),
		self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR => array(),
		self::CACHE_KEY_XPATH => array(),
		self::CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK => array(),
	);

	/**
	 * the visited nodes with the XPath paths as array keys.
	 *
	 * @var array<\DOMNode>
	 */
	private $visitedNodes = array();

	/**
	 * the styles to apply to the nodes with the XPath paths as array keys for the outer array and the attribute names/values.
	 * as key/value pairs for the inner array.
	 *
	 * @var array<array><string>
	 */
	private $styleAttributesForNodes = array();

	/**
	 * This attribute applies to the case where you want to preserve your original text encoding.
	 *
	 * By default, emogrifier translates your text into HTML entities for two reasons:
	 *
	 * 1. Because of client incompatibilities, it is better practice to send out HTML entities rather than unicode over email.
	 *
	 * 2. It translates any illegal XML characters that DOMDocument cannot work with.
	 *
	 * If you would like to preserve your original encoding, set this attribute to TRUE.
	 *
	 * @var boolean
	 */
	public $preserveEncoding = false;

	public static $_media = '';

	/**
	 * The constructor.
	 *
	 * @param string $html the HTML to emogrify, must be UTF-8-encoded
	 * @param string $css the CSS to merge, must be UTF-8-encoded
	 */
	public function __construct($html = '', $css = '') {
		$this->setHtml($html);
		$this->setCss($css);
	}

	/**
	 * The destructor.
	 */
	public function __destruct() {
		$this->purgeVisitedNodes();
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the HTML to emogrify.
	 *
	 * @param string $html the HTML to emogrify, must be UTF-8-encoded
	 */
	public function setHtml($html = '') {
		$this->html = $html;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the CSS to merge with the HTML.
	 *
	 * @param string $css the CSS to merge, must be UTF-8-encoded
	 */
	public function setCss($css = '') {
		$this->css = $css;
	}

	/**
	 * Clears all caches.
	 */
	private function clearAllCaches() {
		$this->clearCache(self::CACHE_KEY_CSS);
		$this->clearCache(self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR);
		$this->clearCache(self::CACHE_KEY_XPATH);
		$this->clearCache(self::CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK);
	}

	/**
	 * Clears a single cache by key.
	 *
	 * @param integer $key the cache key, must be CACHE_KEY_CSS, CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR, CACHE_KEY_XPATH or CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK
	 *
	 * @throws InvalidArgumentException
	 */
	private function clearCache($key) {
		$allowedCacheKeys = array(self::CACHE_KEY_CSS, self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR, self::CACHE_KEY_XPATH, self::CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK);
		if (!in_array($key, $allowedCacheKeys, true)) {
			throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid cache key: ' . $key, 1391822035);
		}

		$this->caches[$key] = array();
	}

	/**
	 * Purges the visited nodes.
	 */
	private function purgeVisitedNodes() {
		$this->visitedNodes = array();
		$this->styleAttributesForNodes = array();
	}

	/**
	 * Marks a tag for removal.
	 *
	 * There are some HTML tags that DOMDocument cannot process, and it will throw an error if it encounters them.
	 * In particular, DOMDocument will complain if you try to use HTML5 tags in an XHTML document.
	 *
	 * Note: The tags will not be removed if they have any content.
	 *
	 * @param string $tagName the tag name, e.g., "p"
	 */
	public function addUnprocessableHtmlTag($tagName) {
		$this->unprocessableHtmlTags[] = $tagName;
	}

	/**
	 * Drops a tag from the removal list.
	 *
	 * @param string $tagName the tag name, e.g., "p"
	 */
	public function removeUnprocessableHtmlTag($tagName) {
		$key = array_search($tagName, $this->unprocessableHtmlTags, true);
		if ($key !== false) {
			unset($this->unprocessableHtmlTags[$key]);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Applies the CSS you submit to the HTML you submit.
	 *
	 * This method places the CSS inline.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 *
	 * @throws BadMethodCallException
	 */
	public function emogrify() {
		if ($this->html === '') {
			throw new BadMethodCallException('Please set some HTML first before calling emogrify.', 1390393096);
		}

		$xmlDocument = $this->createXmlDocument();
		$xpath = new DOMXPath($xmlDocument);
		$this->clearAllCaches();

		// before be begin processing the CSS file, parse the document and normalize all existing CSS attributes (changes 'DISPLAY: none' to 'display: none');
		// we wouldn't have to do this if DOMXPath supported XPath 2.0.
		// also store a reference of nodes with existing inline styles so we don't overwrite them
		$this->purgeVisitedNodes();

		$nodesWithStyleAttributes = $xpath->query('//*[@style]');
		if ($nodesWithStyleAttributes !== false) {
			/** @var $nodeWithStyleAttribute DOMNode */
			foreach ($nodesWithStyleAttributes as $node) {
				$normalizedOriginalStyle = preg_replace_callback( '/[A-z\\-]+(?=\\:)/S', array( $this, 'strtolower' ), $node->getAttribute('style') );

				// in order to not overwrite existing style attributes in the HTML, we have to save the original HTML styles
				$nodePath = $node->getNodePath();
				if (!isset($this->styleAttributesForNodes[$nodePath])) {
					$this->styleAttributesForNodes[$nodePath] = $this->parseCssDeclarationBlock($normalizedOriginalStyle);
					$this->visitedNodes[$nodePath] = $node;
				}

				$node->setAttribute('style', $normalizedOriginalStyle);
			}
		}

		// grab any existing style blocks from the html and append them to the existing CSS
		// (these blocks should be appended so as to have precedence over conflicting styles in the existing CSS)
		$allCss = $this->css;

		$allCss .= $this->getCssFromAllStyleNodes($xpath);

		$cssParts = $this->splitCssAndMediaQuery($allCss);
		self::$_media = ''; // reset

		$cssKey = md5($cssParts['css']);
		if (!isset($this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_CSS][$cssKey])) {
			// process the CSS file for selectors and definitions
			preg_match_all('/(?:^|[\\s^{}]*)([^{]+){([^}]*)}/mis', $cssParts['css'], $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);

			$allSelectors = array();
			foreach ($matches as $key => $selectorString) {
				// if there is a blank definition, skip
				if (!strlen(trim($selectorString[2]))) {
					continue;
				}

				// else split by commas and duplicate attributes so we can sort by selector precedence
				$selectors = explode(',', $selectorString[1]);
				foreach ($selectors as $selector) {
					// don't process pseudo-elements and behavioral (dynamic) pseudo-classes; ONLY allow structural pseudo-classes
					if (strpos($selector, ':') !== false && !preg_match('/:\\S+\\-(child|type)\\(/i', $selector)) {
						continue;
					}

					$allSelectors[] = array('selector' => trim($selector),
											 'attributes' => trim($selectorString[2]),
											 // keep track of where it appears in the file, since order is important
											 'line' => $key,
					);
				}
			}

			// now sort the selectors by precedence
			usort($allSelectors, array($this,'sortBySelectorPrecedence'));

			$this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_CSS][$cssKey] = $allSelectors;
		}

		foreach ($this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_CSS][$cssKey] as $value) {
			// query the body for the xpath selector
			$nodesMatchingCssSelectors = $xpath->query($this->translateCssToXpath($value['selector']));

			/** @var $node \DOMNode */
			foreach ($nodesMatchingCssSelectors as $node) {
				// if it has a style attribute, get it, process it, and append (overwrite) new stuff
				if ($node->hasAttribute('style')) {
					// break it up into an associative array
					$oldStyleDeclarations = $this->parseCssDeclarationBlock($node->getAttribute('style'));
				} else {
					$oldStyleDeclarations = array();
				}
				$newStyleDeclarations = $this->parseCssDeclarationBlock($value['attributes']);
				$node->setAttribute('style', $this->generateStyleStringFromDeclarationsArrays($oldStyleDeclarations, $newStyleDeclarations));
			}
		}

		// now iterate through the nodes that contained inline styles in the original HTML
		foreach ($this->styleAttributesForNodes as $nodePath => $styleAttributesForNode) {
			$node = $this->visitedNodes[$nodePath];
			$currentStyleAttributes = $this->parseCssDeclarationBlock($node->getAttribute('style'));
			$node->setAttribute('style', $this->generateStyleStringFromDeclarationsArrays($currentStyleAttributes, $styleAttributesForNode));
		}

		// This removes styles from your email that contain display:none.
		// We need to look for display:none, but we need to do a case-insensitive search. Since DOMDocument only supports XPath 1.0,
		// lower-case() isn't available to us. We've thus far only set attributes to lowercase, not attribute values. Consequently, we need
		// to translate() the letters that would be in 'NONE' ("NOE") to lowercase.
		$nodesWithStyleDisplayNone = $xpath->query('//*[contains(translate(translate(@style," ",""),"NOE","noe"),"display:none")]');
		// The checks on parentNode and is_callable below ensure that if we've deleted the parent node,
		// we don't try to call removeChild on a nonexistent child node
		if ($nodesWithStyleDisplayNone->length > 0) {
			/** @var $node \DOMNode */
			foreach ($nodesWithStyleDisplayNone as $node) {
				if ($node->parentNode && is_callable(array($node->parentNode,'removeChild'))) {
					$node->parentNode->removeChild($node);
				}
			}
		}

		$this->copyCssWithMediaToStyleNode($cssParts, $xmlDocument);

		if ($this->preserveEncoding) {
			if ( function_exists( 'mb_convert_encoding' ) ) {
				return mb_convert_encoding( $xmlDocument->saveHTML(), self::ENCODING, 'HTML-ENTITIES' );
			} else {
				return htmlspecialchars_decode( utf8_encode( html_entity_decode( $xmlDocument->saveHTML(), ENT_COMPAT, self::ENCODING ) ) );
			}
		} else {
			return $xmlDocument->saveHTML();
		}
	}

	public function strtolower(array $m) {
		return strtolower($m[0]);
	}


	/**
	 * This method merges old or existing name/value array with new name/value array.
	 * and then generates a string of the combined style suitable for placing inline.
	 * This becomes the single point for CSS string generation allowing for consistent.
	 * CSS output no matter where the CSS originally came from.
	 * @param array $oldStyles
	 * @param array $newStyles
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function generateStyleStringFromDeclarationsArrays(array $oldStyles, array $newStyles) {
		$combinedStyles = array_merge($oldStyles, $newStyles);
		$style = '';
		foreach ($combinedStyles as $attributeName => $attributeValue) {
			$style .= (strtolower(trim($attributeName)) . ': ' . trim($attributeValue) . '; ');
		}
		return trim($style);
	}


	/**
	 * Copies the media part from CSS array parts to $xmlDocument.
	 *
	 * @param array $cssParts
	 * @param DOMDocument $xmlDocument
	 */
	public function copyCssWithMediaToStyleNode(array $cssParts, DOMDocument $xmlDocument) {
		if (isset($cssParts['media']) && $cssParts['media'] !== '') {
			$this->addStyleElementToDocument($xmlDocument, $cssParts['media']);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns CSS content.
	 *
	 * @param DOMXPath $xpath
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function getCssFromAllStyleNodes(DOMXPath $xpath) {
		$styleNodes = $xpath->query('//style');

		if ($styleNodes === false) {
			return '';
		}

		$css = '';
		/** @var $styleNode DOMNode */
		foreach ($styleNodes as $styleNode) {
			$css .= "\n\n" . $styleNode->nodeValue;
			$styleNode->parentNode->removeChild($styleNode);
		}

		return $css;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a style element with $css to $document.
	 *
	 * @param DOMDocument $document
	 * @param string $css
	 */
	private function addStyleElementToDocument(DOMDocument $document, $css) {
		$styleElement = $document->createElement('style', $css);
		$styleAttribute = $document->createAttribute('type');
		$styleAttribute->value = 'text/css';
		$styleElement->appendChild($styleAttribute);

		$head = $this->getOrCreateHeadElement($document);
		$head->appendChild($styleElement);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the existing or creates a new head element in $document.
	 *
	 * @param DOMDocument $document
	 * @return DOMNode the head element
	 */
	private function getOrCreateHeadElement(DOMDocument $document) {
		$head = $document->getElementsByTagName('head')->item(0);

		if ($head === null) {
			$head = $document->createElement('head');
			$html = $document->getElementsByTagName('html')->item(0);
			$html->insertBefore($head, $document->getElementsByTagName('body')->item(0));
		}

		return $head;
	}

	/**
	 * Splits input CSS code to an array where:
	 *
	 * - key "css" will be contains clean CSS code.
	 * - key "media" will be contains all valuable media queries.
	 *
	 * Example:
	 *
	 * The CSS code.
	 *
	 *   "@import "file.css"; h1 { color:red; } @media { h1 {}} @media tv { h1 {}}"
	 *
	 * will be parsed into the following array:
	 *
	 *   "css" => "h1 { color:red; }"
	 *   "media" => "@media { h1 {}}"
	 *
	 * @param string $css
	 * @return array
	 */
	private function splitCssAndMediaQuery($css) {
		$css = preg_replace_callback( '#@media\\s+(?:only\\s)?(?:[\\s{\(]|screen|all)\\s?[^{]+{.*}\\s*}\\s*#misU', array( $this, '_media_concat' ), $css );

		// filter the CSS
		$search = array(
			// get rid of css comment code
			'/\\/\\*.*\\*\\//sU',
			// strip out any import directives
			'/^\\s*@import\\s[^;]+;/misU',
			// strip remains media enclosures
			'/^\\s*@media\\s[^{]+{(.*)}\\s*}\\s/misU',
		);

		$replace = array(
			'',
			'',
			'',
		);

		// clean CSS before output
		$css = preg_replace($search, $replace, $css);

		return array('css' => $css, 'media' => self::$_media);
	}

	private function _media_concat( $matches ) {
		self::$_media .= $matches[0];
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a DOMDocument instance with the current HTML.
	 *
	 * @return DOMDocument
	 */
	private function createXmlDocument() {
		$xmlDocument = new DOMDocument;
		$xmlDocument->encoding = self::ENCODING;
		$xmlDocument->strictErrorChecking = false;
		$xmlDocument->formatOutput = true;
		$libXmlState = libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
		$xmlDocument->loadHTML($this->getUnifiedHtml());
		libxml_clear_errors();
		libxml_use_internal_errors($libXmlState);
		$xmlDocument->normalizeDocument();

		return $xmlDocument;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the HTML with the non-ASCII characters converts into HTML entities and the unprocessable HTML tags removed.
	 *
	 * @return string the unified HTML
	 *
	 * @throws BadMethodCallException
	 */
	private function getUnifiedHtml() {
		if (!empty($this->unprocessableHtmlTags)) {
			$unprocessableHtmlTags = implode('|', $this->unprocessableHtmlTags);
			$bodyWithoutUnprocessableTags = preg_replace('/<\\/?(' . $unprocessableHtmlTags . ')[^>]*>/i', '', $this->html);
		} else {
			$bodyWithoutUnprocessableTags = $this->html;
		}

		if ( function_exists( 'mb_convert_encoding' ) ) {
			return mb_convert_encoding( $bodyWithoutUnprocessableTags, 'HTML-ENTITIES', self::ENCODING );
		} else {
			return htmlspecialchars_decode( utf8_decode( htmlentities( $bodyWithoutUnprocessableTags, ENT_COMPAT, self::ENCODING, false ) ) );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $a
	 * @param array $b
	 *
	 * @return integer
	 */
	private function sortBySelectorPrecedence(array $a, array $b) {
		$precedenceA = $this->getCssSelectorPrecedence($a['selector']);
		$precedenceB = $this->getCssSelectorPrecedence($b['selector']);

		// We want these sorted in ascending order so selectors with lesser precedence get processed first and
		// selectors with greater precedence get sorted last.
		// The parenthesis around the -1 are necessary to avoid a PHP_CodeSniffer warning about missing spaces around
		// arithmetic operators.
		// @see http://forge.typo3.org/issues/55605
		$precedenceForEquals = ($a['line'] < $b['line'] ? (-1) : 1);
		$precedenceForNotEquals = ($precedenceA < $precedenceB ? (-1) : 1);
		return ($precedenceA === $precedenceB) ? $precedenceForEquals : $precedenceForNotEquals;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $selector
	 *
	 * @return integer
	 */
	private function getCssSelectorPrecedence($selector) {
		$selectorKey = md5($selector);
		if (!isset($this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR][$selectorKey])) {
			$precedence = 0;
			$value = 100;
			// ids: worth 100, classes: worth 10, elements: worth 1
			$search = array('\\#','\\.','');

			foreach ($search as $s) {
				if (trim($selector == '')) {
					break;
				}
				$number = 0;
				$selector = preg_replace('/' . $s . '\\w+/', '', $selector, -1, $number);
				$precedence += ($value * $number);
				$value /= 10;
			}
			$this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR][$selectorKey] = $precedence;
		}

		return $this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR][$selectorKey];
	}

	/**
	 * Right now, we support all CSS 1 selectors and most CSS2/3 selectors.
	 *
	 * @see http://plasmasturm.org/log/444/
	 *
	 * @param string $paramCssSelector
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function translateCssToXpath($paramCssSelector) {
		$cssSelector = ' ' . $paramCssSelector . ' ';
		$cssSelector = preg_replace_callback( '/\s+\w+\s+/', array( $this, 'strtolower' ), $cssSelector );
		$cssSelector = trim($cssSelector);
		$xpathKey = md5($cssSelector);
		if (!isset($this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_XPATH][$xpathKey])) {
			// returns an Xpath selector
			$search = array(
				// Matches any element that is a child of parent.
				'/\\s+>\\s+/',
				// Matches any element that is an adjacent sibling.
				'/\\s+\\+\\s+/',
				// Matches any element that is a descendant of an parent element element.
				'/\\s+/',
				// first-child pseudo-selector
				'/([^\\/]+):first-child/i',
				// last-child pseudo-selector
				'/([^\\/]+):last-child/i',
				// Matches attribute only selector
				'/^\\[(\\w+)\\]/',
				// Matches element with attribute
				'/(\\w)\\[(\\w+)\\]/',
				// Matches element with EXACT attribute
				'/(\\w)\\[(\\w+)\\=[\'"]?(\\w+)[\'"]?\\]/',
			);
			$replace = array(
				'/',
				'/following-sibling::*[1]/self::',
				'//',
				'*[1]/self::\\1',
				'*[last()]/self::\\1',
				'*[@\\1]',
				'\\1[@\\2]',
				'\\1[@\\2="\\3"]',
			);

			$cssSelector = '//' . preg_replace($search, $replace, $cssSelector);

			$cssSelector = preg_replace_callback(self::ID_ATTRIBUTE_MATCHER, array($this, 'matchIdAttributes'), $cssSelector);
			$cssSelector = preg_replace_callback(self::CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_MATCHER, array($this, 'matchClassAttributes'), $cssSelector);

			// Advanced selectors are going to require a bit more advanced emogrification.
			// When we required PHP 5.3, we could do this with closures.
			$cssSelector = preg_replace_callback(
				'/([^\\/]+):nth-child\\(\s*(odd|even|[+\-]?\\d|[+\\-]?\\d?n(\\s*[+\\-]\\s*\\d)?)\\s*\\)/i',
				array($this, 'translateNthChild'), $cssSelector
			);
			$cssSelector = preg_replace_callback(
				'/([^\\/]+):nth-of-type\\(\s*(odd|even|[+\-]?\\d|[+\\-]?\\d?n(\\s*[+\\-]\\s*\\d)?)\\s*\\)/i',
				array($this, 'translateNthOfType'), $cssSelector
			);

			$this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR][$xpathKey] = $cssSelector;
		}
		return $this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_SELECTOR][$xpathKey];
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $match
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function matchIdAttributes(array $match) {
		return (strlen($match[1]) ? $match[1] : '*') . '[@id="' . $match[2] . '"]';
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $match
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function matchClassAttributes(array $match) {
		return (strlen($match[1]) ? $match[1] : '*') . '[contains(concat(" ",@class," "),concat(" ","' .
			implode(
				'"," "))][contains(concat(" ",@class," "),concat(" ","',
				explode('.', substr($match[2], 1))
			) . '"," "))]';
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $match
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function translateNthChild(array $match) {
		$result = $this->parseNth($match);

		if (isset($result[self::MULTIPLIER])) {
			if ($result[self::MULTIPLIER] < 0) {
				$result[self::MULTIPLIER] = abs($result[self::MULTIPLIER]);
				return sprintf('*[(last() - position()) mod %u = %u]/self::%s', $result[self::MULTIPLIER], $result[self::INDEX], $match[1]);
			} else {
				return sprintf('*[position() mod %u = %u]/self::%s', $result[self::MULTIPLIER], $result[self::INDEX], $match[1]);
			}
		} else {
			return sprintf('*[%u]/self::%s', $result[self::INDEX], $match[1]);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $match
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	private function translateNthOfType(array $match) {
		$result = $this->parseNth($match);

		if (isset($result[self::MULTIPLIER])) {
			if ($result[self::MULTIPLIER] < 0) {
				$result[self::MULTIPLIER] = abs($result[self::MULTIPLIER]);
				return sprintf('%s[(last() - position()) mod %u = %u]', $match[1], $result[self::MULTIPLIER], $result[self::INDEX]);
			} else {
				return sprintf('%s[position() mod %u = %u]', $match[1], $result[self::MULTIPLIER], $result[self::INDEX]);
			}
		} else {
			return sprintf('%s[%u]', $match[1], $result[self::INDEX]);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @param array $match
	 *
	 * @return array
	 */
	private function parseNth(array $match) {
		if (in_array(strtolower($match[2]), array('even','odd'))) {
			$index = strtolower($match[2]) == 'even' ? 0 : 1;
			return array(self::MULTIPLIER => 2, self::INDEX => $index);
		} elseif (stripos($match[2], 'n') === false) {
			// if there is a multiplier
			$index = intval(str_replace(' ', '', $match[2]));
			return array(self::INDEX => $index);
		} else {
			if (isset($match[3])) {
				$multipleTerm = str_replace($match[3], '', $match[2]);
				$index = intval(str_replace(' ', '', $match[3]));
			} else {
				$multipleTerm = $match[2];
				$index = 0;
			}

			$multiplier = str_ireplace('n', '', $multipleTerm);

			if (!strlen($multiplier)) {
				$multiplier = 1;
			} elseif ($multiplier == 0) {
				return array(self::INDEX => $index);
			} else {
				$multiplier = intval($multiplier);
			}

			while ($index < 0) {
				$index += abs($multiplier);
			}

			return array(self::MULTIPLIER => $multiplier, self::INDEX => $index);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Parses a CSS declaration block into property name/value pairs.
	 *
	 * Example:
	 *
	 * The declaration block.
	 *
	 *   "color: #000; font-weight: bold;".
	 *
	 * will be parsed into the following array:
	 *
	 *   "color" => "#000"
	 *   "font-weight" => "bold"
	 *
	 * @param string $cssDeclarationBlock the CSS declaration block without the curly braces, may be empty
	 *
	 * @return array the CSS declarations with the property names as array keys and the property values as array values
	 */
	private function parseCssDeclarationBlock($cssDeclarationBlock) {
		if (isset($this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK][$cssDeclarationBlock])) {
			return $this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK][$cssDeclarationBlock];
		}

		$properties = array();
		$declarations = explode(';', $cssDeclarationBlock);
		foreach ($declarations as $declaration) {
			$matches = array();
			if (!preg_match('/ *([A-Za-z\\-]+) *: *([^;]+) */', $declaration, $matches)) {
				continue;
			}
			$propertyName = strtolower($matches[1]);
			$propertyValue = $matches[2];
			$properties[$propertyName] = $propertyValue;
		}
		$this->caches[self::CACHE_KEY_CSS_DECLARATION_BLOCK][$cssDeclarationBlock] = $properties;

		return $properties;
	}
}