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                <?php  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                namespace Automattic\Jetpack\Sync;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                /**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * Class Users  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 *  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 * Responsible for syncing user data changes.  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                 */  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                class Users { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static $user_roles = array();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static function init() { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		if ( \Jetpack::is_active() ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			// Kick off synchronization of user role when it changes  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			add_action( 'set_user_role', array( __CLASS__, 'user_role_change' ) );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	/**  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	 * Synchronize connected user role changes  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                	 */  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static function user_role_change( $user_id ) { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		if ( \Jetpack::is_user_connected( $user_id ) ) { | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			self::update_role_on_com( $user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			// try to choose a new master if we're demoting the current one  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			self::maybe_demote_master_user( $user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		}  | 
            
            
                                                                        
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static function get_role( $user_id ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		if ( isset( self::$user_roles[ $user_id ] ) ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			return self::$user_roles[ $user_id ];  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$current_user_id = get_current_user_id();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		wp_set_current_user( $user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$role = \Jetpack::translate_current_user_to_role();  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		wp_set_current_user( $current_user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$user_roles[ $user_id ] = $role;  | 
            
                            
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                		return $role;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static function get_signed_role( $user_id ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		return \Jetpack::sign_role( self::get_role( $user_id ), $user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static function update_role_on_com( $user_id ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$signed_role = self::get_signed_role( $user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		\Jetpack::xmlrpc_async_call( 'jetpack.updateRole', $user_id, $signed_role );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	static function maybe_demote_master_user( $user_id ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$master_user_id = \Jetpack_Options::get_option( 'master_user' );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		$role           = self::get_role( $user_id );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		if ( $user_id == $master_user_id && 'administrator' != $role ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			$query      = new \WP_User_Query(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				array(  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                					'fields'  => array( 'id' ),  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                					'role'    => 'administrator',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                					'orderby' => 'id',  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                					'exclude' => array( $master_user_id ),  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				)  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			);  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			$new_master = false;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			foreach ( $query->results as $result ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				$found_user_id = absint( $result->id );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				if ( $found_user_id && \Jetpack::is_user_connected( $found_user_id ) ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                					$new_master = $found_user_id;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                					break;  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			if ( $new_master ) { | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                				\Jetpack_Options::update_option( 'master_user', $new_master );  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                			// else disconnect..?  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                		}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                            
            
                                    
            
            
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                	}  | 
            
            
                                                                                                            
                                                                
            
                                    
            
            
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                }  | 
            
            
                                                        
            
                                    
            
            
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Adding an explicit array definition is generally preferable to implicit array definition as it guarantees a stable state of the code.
Let’s take a look at an example:
As you can see in this example, the array
$myArrayis initialized the first time when the foreach loop is entered. You can also see that the value of thebarkey is only written conditionally; thus, its value might result from a previous iteration.This might or might not be intended. To make your intention clear, your code more readible and to avoid accidental bugs, we recommend to add an explicit initialization $myArray = array() either outside or inside the foreach loop.